206 lines
26 KiB
XML
206 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F711B802431BEBB60076C52532D49F72">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70190AA77770AA537CEDBF81847DBF9E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="89350209687D2325CF664F6D43A46DC8">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="85903B9B70A3A60C88B3F08B7476BF40">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="7B5E273DF989BFF4289727EC1EAEC76A">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="2CFC91722CDEC8C5DA33B357C521130B">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFDD6A63FA5A979A1CD2B8E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6581234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6581234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFDD6A63FA5A979A1CD2B8E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFDD6A63FA5A979A1CD2B8E7" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="797" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62FA5A979A1BDFBAC7" blockId="38.[1444,2437,451,543]" box="[1446,1503,451,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<heading id="9F638192FFDD6A62FA5A979A1BDFBAC7" box="[1446,1503,451,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFDD6A62FA5A979A1BDFBAC7" box="[1446,1503,451,501]" captionStart="Plate 57: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="27.[123,155,3200,3221]" captionTargetBox="[12,2751,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="49. Eurasian Particolored Bat (Vespertilio murinus), 50. Asian Particolored Bat (Vespertilio sinensis), 51. Pygmy Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris pygmaea), 52. Indomalayan Lesser Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris fulvida), 53. Sunda Lesser Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris pachypus), 54. Tonkin Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris tonkinensis), 55. Malayan Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris malayana), 56. Sumatran Greater Bamboo Bat (Tylonycteris robustula), 57. Yok Don Helmeted Bat (Cassistrellus yokdonensis), 58. Surat Helmeted Bat (Cassustrellus dimissus), 59. Rohu’s Bat (Phuletor brachypterus), 60. Western False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus mackenziei), 61. Eastern False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus tasmaniensis), 62. Yellow-lipped Cave Bat (Vespadelus douglasorum), 63. Northern Cave Bat (Vespadelus caurinus), 64. Finlayson’s Cave Bat (Vespadelus finlaysoni), 65. Eastern Cave Bat (Vespadelus troughtoni), 66. Inland Forest Bat (Vespadelus baverstocki), 67. Eastern Forest Bat (Vespadelus pumilus), 68. Little Forest Bat (Vespadelus vulturnus), 69. Large Forest Bat (Vespadelus darlingtoni), 70. Southern Forest Bat (Vespadelus regulus), 71. Large-eared Pied Bat (Chalinolobus dwyeri), 72. Little Pied Bat (Chalinolobus picatus), 73. Hoary Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus nigrogriseus), 74. Gould’s Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus gouldii), 75. New Caledonian Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus neocaledonicus), 76. Chocolate Wattled Bat (Chalinolobus morio), 77. New Zealand Long-tailed Bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398506/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">74.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62FA0C979A1990BAC7" box="[1520,1936,451,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62FA0C979A1990BAC7" blockId="38.[1444,2437,451,543]" box="[1520,1936,451,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<heading id="9F638192FFDD6A62FA0C979A1990BAC7" box="[1520,1936,451,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFDD6A62FA0C979A1990BAC7" ID-CoL="THFF" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1841" box="[1520,1936,451,501]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldii">Gould’s Wattled Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62F825979A174ABAC7" box="[2009,2378,451,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62F825979A174ABAC7" blockId="38.[1444,2437,451,543]" box="[2009,2378,451,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<heading id="9F638192FFDD6A62F825979A174ABAC7" box="[2009,2378,451,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDD6A62F825979A174ABAC7" ID-CoL="THFF" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1841" box="[2009,2378,451,501]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldii">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62F825979A174ABAC7" box="[2009,2378,451,501]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Chalinolobus gouldii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62FA5994511784B92F" box="[1445,2436,520,541]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62FA5994511784B92F" blockId="38.[1444,2437,451,543]" box="[1445,2436,520,541]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<heading id="9F638192FFDD6A62FA5994511784B92F" box="[1445,2436,520,541]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62FA5994511BF1B92F" bold="true" box="[1445,1521,520,541]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFDD6A62FA05945118CEB92F" ID-CoL="THFF" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1841" box="[1529,1742,520,541]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldii">Chalinolobe de Gould</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62F91F9451193EB92F" bold="true" box="[1763,1854,520,541]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFDD6A62F8BB94511642B92F" ID-CoL="THFF" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1841" box="[1863,2114,520,541]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldii">Gould-Lappenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62F7AB945116B3B92F" bold="true" box="[2135,2227,520,541]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFDD6A62F74094511784B92F" ID-CoL="THFF" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1841" box="[2236,2436,520,541]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldii">Calinolobo de Gould</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62F7F494131652B9A0" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62F7F494131652B9A0" blockId="38.[2056,2651,586,1013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62F7F4941316A4B959" bold="true" box="[2056,2212,586,619]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDD6A62F7479413164DB9A0" ID-CoL="THFF" authority="J. E. Gray, 1841" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldii">Sotophilus gouldii J. E. Gray, 1841</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62F7A1942C142BB9A0" box="[2141,2603,629,658]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62F7A1942C142BB9A0" blockId="38.[2056,2651,586,1013]" box="[2141,2603,629,658]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFDD6A62F7A1942C142BB9A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319330" box="[2141,2603,629,658]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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Launceston,
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDD6A62F6EE942C1799B9A0" box="[2322,2457,629,658]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDD6A62F654942C1427B9A0" box="[2472,2599,629,658]" name="Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Australia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62F7F094C01882BF77" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62F7F094C01882BF77" blockId="38.[2056,2651,586,1013]" lastBlockId="38.[1443,2654,1020,3461]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDD6A62F7F094C01724B988" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1841" box="[2060,2340,665,698]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gouldii">Chalinolobus gouldii</taxonomicName>
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previously included
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDD6A62F7F0949916FAB9D3" authorityName="Revilliod" authorityYear="1914" box="[2060,2298,704,737]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chalinolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neocaledonicus">C. neocaledonicus</taxonomicName>
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, but they are now considered separate species, based on morphological data; however, further investigation at the genetic level is needed to confirm this. The
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDD6A62F6E1950717F6B84D" box="[2333,2550,862,895]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
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population probably represented a distinct subspecies, if not species. A
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDD6A62F63995F41642B8C7" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="venatoris">race venatoris</taxonomicName>
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has sometimes been recognized in northern
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDD6A62F9C495A518BDBF2F" box="[1592,1725,1020,1053]" name="Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, but its validity is uncertain. Treated as monotypic, pending further studies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62FA5892131622BFD0" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FFDD6A62FA5892131622BFD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397926/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" targetBox="[1442,2033,597,1012]" targetPageId="38">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62FA5892131622BFD0" blockId="38.[1443,2654,1020,3461]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62FA5892131855BF59" bold="true" box="[1444,1621,1098,1131]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Most of mainland
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDD6A62F89C921319DFBF59" box="[1888,2015,1098,1131]" name="Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, with the exception of Cape York and Nullarbor Plain; also Koolan, Tiwi, Kangaroo, King, and
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDD6A62F78D922F16F6BFA1" box="[2161,2294,1142,1171]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
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Is, and old records from Norfolk I. There is also a record of a female captured in November 2010 from Lord Howe I, although this was probably a vagrant.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62FA5892B118EABCB0" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62FA5892B118EABCB0" blockId="38.[1443,2654,1020,3461]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62FA5892B118A3BE3B" bold="true" box="[1444,1699,1256,1289]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 46-75 mm,tail 40-50 mm, ear 7-2-13-3 mm, forearm 37-48 mm; weight 8-18 g. Gould’s Wattled Batis strikingly colored and largest species of wattled bat, being larger in the south than in the north. Muzzle is short with well-developed nasal glands on either side, and face is short and flat. Fur is fine, long, and velvety; dorsal pelage grades from dark blackish brown on head and shoulders to brown along the back, becoming much lighter near uropatagium, where fur extends onto part of the membrane, often slightly reddish near head and yellowish toward uropatagium; ventral pelage generally slightly lighter overall, and shows similar gradation, becoming lightest toward wings and uropatagium; bats tend to be darker, more blackish in northern part of range, becoming lighter and more prominently brown in south. Membranes are dark brown, almost purplish, and ears, face, and digits are likewise dark brown. Ears are short and broad, with ribbing on the inner surface and with small fleshy lobes on lower margin close to lips; tragus is pointed inward, rounded, and stubby. Fleshy lobe at corner of mouth is well developed and extends onto lower lip. Uropatagium extends to tip oftail. Skull has large braincase; rostrum is broad and low; sagittal crest very weakly developed. P? is very small; lower molars are myotodont.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62FA5991D116AFBCCA" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62FA5991D116AFBCCA" blockId="38.[1443,2654,1020,3461]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62FA5991D11814BC9B" bold="true" box="[1445,1556,1928,1961]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Nearly every habitat type—from rainforests, eucalypt forests, woodlands, alpine regions, grasslands, deserts, agricultural regions, and urban areas—throughout
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDD6A62FA5891821823BCCA" box="[1444,1571,2011,2040]" name="Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Australia</collectingCountry>
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||
, at elevations from sea level to at least
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFFDD6A62F7BF918216AABCCA" box="[2115,2218,2011,2040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62FA5991A71815B2B1" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="food_feeding">
|
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62FA5991A71815B2B1" blockId="38.[1443,2654,1020,3461]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62FA5991A718B7B32D" bold="true" box="[1445,1719,2046,2079]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Gould’s Wattled Bat is a maneuverable flier that is faster than most vespertilionids at up to
|
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFFDD6A62F8A39E7C19C3B374" box="[1887,1987,2085,2118]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
|
||
/h. It often flies on a fixed horizontal plane with abrupt zigzags, and will frequently roll to bank near vertically during horizontal turns. When foraging,it flies just below or within the lower level of the canopy and along forest edges and creek lines. It usually forages 5-10 km from its day roost, occasionally up to
|
||
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||
away. It feeds aerially. Diet insectivorous but varies greatly from region to region, mainly consisting of true bugs and moths, but ants (winged and wingless), cockroaches, stoneflies, katydids, field crickets, cicadas, beetles, flies, and caterpillars have all been reported in the numerous fecal and stomach samples studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62FA599FD019A0B007" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="breeding">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62FA599FD019A0B007" blockId="38.[1443,2654,1020,3461]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62FA599FD0182CB298" bold="true" box="[1445,1580,2441,2474]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is one breeding season per year, with copulation occurring in May to June but sometimes as late as August. There are peaks in testicular enlargementin February in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDD6A62F9B29F811944B2CB" box="[1614,1860,2520,2553]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDD6A62F87B9F8119F9B2CB" box="[1927,2041,2520,2553]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Females store sperm in their uterine lining over winter, delaying ovulation and fertilization until the end of winter. A vaginal plug is also created after copulation. Gestation lasts ¢.3 months. Litter size is usually two (one in each uterine horn) but occasionally only one. Reproductive and parturition timing change by latitude, births being later in southern regions: births occur in late September in north, but in October in central regions, and in late November in south. Young reach adult size and are volant and independent by c.5 weeks. In western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDD6A62F5F59C9D1BCCB03C" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Victoria</collectingRegion>
|
||
, females can breed in theirfirst year but do not breed every year, with only 70-80% of females breeding in any one year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDD6A62FA589D62188FB6B7" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" type="activity">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDD6A62FA589D62188FB6B7" blockId="38.[1443,2654,1020,3461]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDD6A62FA589D621891B06E" bold="true" box="[1444,1681,2875,2908]" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Gould’s Wattled Bats are nocturnal, and often leave their day roosts early (c.20 minutes) after sunset, when there is still a good amount of ambientlight, making them vulnerable to predation. They are the first bats to begin foraging in some regions, such as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFDD6A62F9219DE819B6B0E0" box="[1757,1974,2993,3026]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">South Australia</collectingRegion>
|
||
. During colder parts of year, in cooler and more southerly portions of the range, they hibernate. They will spontaneously arouse from hibernation at temperatures of 5-25°C to forage; males may also arouse to mate with hibernating females. They also enter torpor during the day, which reduces energy and evaporative water loss. Day roosts are most commonly found in tree hollows and the hollow limbs of mature living trees, particularly in river red gums (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDD6A62F6AC9A2E1BECB78D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camaldulensis">Eucalyptus camaldulensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDD6A62FA009AC7188DB78D" box="[1532,1677,3230,3263]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and cypress pines (Callistris sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFDD6A62F7949AC7172CB78D" box="[2152,2348,3230,3263]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="796" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); they have also been noted in buildings and tree stumps, among leaves,in a roll of canvas, and strangely in the exhaust pipe of a tractor. Call shape is a steep FM/QCF sweep. In south-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDD6A62FA599B4D1823B607" box="[1445,1571,3348,3381]" name="Australia" pageId="38" pageNumber="796">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the following call parameters were recorded: average maximum frequency 106-1 kHz, minimum frequency 29-6 kHz, peak frequency 41-3 kHz, and call duration 2-7 milliseconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDC6A63FF83974C1D67B9AB" pageId="39" pageNumber="797" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDC6A63FF83974C1D67B9AB" blockId="39.[126,1332,277,986]" pageId="39" pageNumber="797">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDC6A63FF83974C1D3CBA04" bold="true" box="[127,828,277,310]" pageId="39" pageNumber="797">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Gould’s Wattled Bats have been reported sharing tree-hollow roosts with several other bat species and feather-tailed gliders (Acrobates sp.). Males and females roost separately during breeding; females roost in colonies generally of 8—40 bats but of as many as
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFDC6A63FCB097D51D8FBA9F" box="[844,911,396,429]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="39" pageNumber="797" unit="in" value="80.0">80 in</quantity>
|
||
buildings; males usually roost solitarily. Outside breeding season, mixed colonies can form, and up to 200 individuals have been reported, although malesstill tend to roost solitarily. They usually change roosts often, generally daily and within
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFDC6A63FD58945B1CF8B911" box="[676,760,514,547]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="797" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
of other roosts. Day roosts will be reused often from year to year, and one tree hollow was reported to be occupied for at least six years. Young seem to remain at the maternity roost for less than a year, and females appear to be more loyal to specific roosts than males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDC6A63FF8394C61EE5B805" pageId="39" pageNumber="797" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDC6A63FF8394C61EE5B805" blockId="39.[126,1332,277,986]" pageId="39" pageNumber="797">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDC6A63FF8394C61FE2B9F2" bold="true" box="[127,482,671,704]" pageId="39" pageNumber="797">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Gould’s Wattled Bat is very widespread and common throughout its range, with no major threats currently identified. Not recently recorded on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFDC6A63FC8694B71A49B83D" box="[890,1097,750,783]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="39" pageNumber="797">Norfolk Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where probably extinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFDC6A63FF7C951F1CD2B8E7" pageId="39" pageNumber="797" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFDC6A63FF7C951F1CD2B8E7" blockId="39.[126,1332,277,986]" pageId="39" pageNumber="797">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFDC6A63FF7C951F1F19B86D" bold="true" box="[128,281,838,863]" pageId="39" pageNumber="797">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Churchill (2008), Chruszcz & Barclay (2002a), Dixon & Huxley (1989), Dixon & Lumsden (2008), Eldridge et al. (2017), Flannery (1995a), Godinho et al. (2015), Hosken & Withers (1997), Kitchener (1975), Lumsden & McKenzie (2008), Lumsden et al. (2002a), O'Neill & Taylor (1986, 1989), Reinhold, Herr et al. (2001), Tidemann (1986), Vestjens & Hall (1977), Young (1980).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |