224 lines
25 KiB
XML
224 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="247C94F0E30BA061CADE0DF98CCC0D94">
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<mods:title id="9E67B34B2B11697932D1C7274AB9BD82">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E985D95851DAF3F4843F083776E7B167">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1FD5C218F3806355752788703075F752">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="0FACEEFF8C47BCC1241CB425020E8EAB">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="A745A39E52607D35AAB0A3257C405317" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="D500C755AA4E84D75C1ED01515349E5D">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="3EE9C9FCA2629DB1926469C8C64DE3A5">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C877E61B8329D0F92C2D12EAB8B49488">
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<mods:title id="6ABA6B864985067EB34C5C7393EB5394">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="D31715B8E3E83757DCE3C6240CFDB43E">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FFCF6A70FF4C96A71A94B239" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6578466" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6578466" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FFCF6A70FF4C96A71A94B239" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FFCF6A70FF4C96A71A94B239" lastPageNumber="810" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF4C96A71EE9BA02" box="[176,233,254,304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF4C96A71EE9BA02" blockId="52.[174,1135,254,349]" box="[176,233,254,304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<heading id="9F638192FFCF6A70FF4C96A71EE9BA02" box="[176,233,254,304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFCF6A70FF4C96A71EE9BA02" box="[176,233,254,304]" captionStart="Plate 59" captionStartId="51.[133,163,3283,3308]" captionTargetBox="[12,2757,17,3656]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="94. Fairy Pipistrelle (Hypsugo ariel), 95. Lanza’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo lanzai), 96. Arabian Pipistrelle (Hypsugo arabicus), 97. Savi’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo savii), 98. Alashanian Pipistrelle (Hypsugo alaschanicus), 99. Cadorna’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo cadornae), 100. Joftre’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo joffrei), 101. Chinese Pipistrelle (Hypsugo pulveratus), 102. Chocolate Pipistrelle (Hypsugo affinis), 103. Pungent Pipistrelle (Hypsugo mordax), 104. Peters’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo petersi), 105. Long-toothed Pipistrelle (Hypsugo dolichodon), 106. Burmese Pipistrelle (Hypsugo lophurus), 107. Red-brown Pipistrelle (Hypsugo kitcheneri), 108. Brown Pipistrelle (Hypsugo imbricatus), 109. Big-eared Pipistrelle (Hypsugo macrotis), 110. Vordermann’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo vordermanni), 111. Anchieta’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo anchieta), 112. Kirindy Pipistrelle (Hypsugo bemainty), 113. Mouse-like Pipistrelle (Hypsugo musciculus), 114. Broad-headed Pipistrelle (Hypsugo crassulus), 115. Eisentraut’s Pipistrelle (Hypsugo eisentrauti), 116. Schlieffen’s Bat (Nycticeinops schlieffenii), 117. Moloney’s Mimic Bat (Mimetillus moloneyi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398514" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398514/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">96.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF0496A71C7CBA02" box="[248,636,254,304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF0496A71C7CBA02" blockId="52.[174,1135,254,349]" box="[248,636,254,304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<heading id="9F638192FFCF6A70FF0496A71C7CBA02" box="[248,636,254,304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFCF6A70FF0496A71C7CBA02" ID-CoL="3P4RP" baseAuthorityName="Harrison" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[248,636,254,304]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">Arabian Pipistrelle</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FD3996A71A00BA02" box="[709,1024,254,304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FD3996A71A00BA02" blockId="52.[174,1135,254,349]" box="[709,1024,254,304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<heading id="9F638192FFCF6A70FD3996A71A00BA02" box="[709,1024,254,304]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FD3996A71A00BA02" ID-CoL="3P4RP" baseAuthorityName="Harrison" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[709,1024,254,304]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FD3996A71A00BA02" box="[709,1024,254,304]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Hypsugo arabicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF4C971B1A6FBA65" box="[176,1135,322,343]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF4C971B1A6FBA65" blockId="52.[174,1135,254,349]" box="[176,1135,322,343]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<heading id="9F638192FFCF6A70FF4C971B1A6FBA65" box="[176,1135,322,343]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FF4C971B1EFBBA65" bold="true" box="[176,251,322,343]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFCF6A70FEFD971B1FA9BA65" ID-CoL="3P4RP" baseAuthorityName="Harrison" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[257,425,322,343]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">Vespéere d'Oman</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FE43971B1C19BA65" bold="true" box="[447,537,322,343]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFCF6A70FDDD971B1D3ABA65" ID-CoL="3P4RP" baseAuthorityName="Harrison" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[545,826,322,343]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">Arabische Zwergfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FCB3971B1DAABA65" bold="true" box="[847,938,322,343]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFCF6A70FC48971B1A6FBA65" ID-CoL="3P4RP" baseAuthorityName="Harrison" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[948,1135,322,343]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">
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Hypsugo de
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FBC8971B1A6FBA65" box="[1076,1135,322,343]" name="Oman" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Oman</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FCE997D21D9BBAFD" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FCE997D21D9BBAFD" blockId="52.[788,1382,395,818]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FCE997D21DADBA9A" bold="true" box="[789,941,395,424]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FC4797D21D96BAFD" ID-CoL="4J6JR" authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="1979" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">Pipistrellus arabicus D. L.. Harrison, 1979</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FC5E97F71D72BAC4" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FC5E97F71D72BAC4" blockId="52.[788,1382,395,818]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFCF6A70FC5E97F71D72BAC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319304" latitude="23.366667" longitude="57.3" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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Wadi Sahtan (
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<geoCoordinate id="A1A05039FFCF6A70FB9D97F71AD4BAFD" box="[1121,1236,430,463]" degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" precision="925" value="23.366667">23°22'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A1A05039FFCF6A70FB1E97F71B50BAFD" box="[1250,1360,430,463]" degrees="57" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" precision="925" value="57.3">57°18'E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FCE997801D6EBAC4" box="[789,878,473,502]" name="Oman" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Oman</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FCE997A41B2DB989" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FCE997A41B2DB989" blockId="52.[788,1382,395,818]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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Based on genetic data,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FB8697A41B65B92C" baseAuthorityName="Harrison" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[1146,1381,509,542]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">Hypsugo arabicus</taxonomicName>
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appears to be sister to
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FBB6947D1AB1B977" baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1098,1201,548,581]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savii">H. savii</taxonomicName>
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, with
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FAFF947D1B66B977" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1283,1382,548,581]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ariel">H. ariel</taxonomicName>
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basal to this clade. Often placed in
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FAE894121D58B9A6" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pipistrellus</taxonomicName>
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, but genetic data unequivocally situate this species in
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FBEE94C31A81B989" box="[1042,1153,666,699]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hypsugo</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FCE894981AFFB9D0" box="[788,1279,705,738]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FFCF6A70FCE894981AFFB9D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6397972" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397972" box="[788,1279,705,738]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6397972/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" targetBox="[173,764,403,816]" targetPageId="52">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FCE894981AFFB9D0" blockId="52.[788,1382,395,818]" box="[788,1279,705,738]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FCE894981DC4B9D0" bold="true" box="[788,964,705,738]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Distribution.</emphasis>
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N
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FC0D94981A48B9D0" box="[1009,1096,705,738]" name="Oman" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Oman</collectingCountry>
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and SE
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FB4394981AFBB9D0" box="[1215,1275,705,738]" name="Iran" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Iran</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FCE894B01C3FBEC7" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FCE894B01C3FBEC7" blockId="52.[788,1382,395,818]" lastBlockId="52.[158,1380,823,2315]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FCE894B01A0DB838" bold="true" box="[788,1037,745,778]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 37-48 mm, tail 37-44 mm, ear 10-5-13.5 mm, hindfoot 5-3-5-9 mm, forearm 28-9-34-3 mm. Pelage of the Arabian Pipistrelle is fairly long; dorsal pelage is very light clay-colored (hairs with dark bases that barely show through past light clay-brown tips); ventral pelage is practically white (hair tips are white, with darker base). Face and ears are blackish, and membranes are dusky brown and semi-translucent. Ears are relatively short, with convex inner margins, concave outer margins, and rounded tip; tragus is tall, with pointed tip that curves anteriorly and has weakly developed posterior basal lobule; there is low antitragus. Tail extends two vertebrae past uropatagium, and calcar is weakly developed, with very small but distinct Postcalcarial lobe. Penis is angulated and covered in hair on glans. Baculum is highly distinctive, with ventral groove reaching up to halfway up shaft, with slightly bifurcated base; base is wide in dorsal and lateral views and tip is trifurcated with knobs on each tip; shaft curves ventrally a little near tip and base in lateral view. Skull is small and delicate with longer rostrum than in the Fairy Pipistrelle (
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FB6293491B54BE03" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1182,1364,1296,1329]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ariel">Hypsugo ariel</taxonomicName>
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) “and Lanza’s Pipistrelle (
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FDF5936E1C8DBE6A" box="[521,653,1335,1368]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hypsugo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lanzai">H. lanzai</taxonomicName>
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); supraorbital ridges are conspicuous; braincase is bulbous and smooth, lacking sagittal crest; lambdoidalcrests are weakly developed but more so than in the Fairy Pipistrelle. I? is bicuspid; C' and P* are usually separated by minute P?, which is intruded from tooth row; P; is small in crown area and height; and lower molars are myotodont.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF5093A41B2BBD2C" box="[172,1323,1533,1566]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF5093A41B2BBD2C" blockId="52.[158,1380,823,2315]" box="[172,1323,1533,1566]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FF5093A41F1BBD2C" bold="true" box="[172,283,1533,1566]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Desert and semi-desert habitats. Forages in open spaces, and above water.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF57907D1DECBC38" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF57907D1DECBC38" blockId="52.[158,1380,823,2315]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FF57907D1FB5BD77" bold="true" box="[171,437,1572,1605]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Arabian Pipistrelles probably feed by aerial-hawking, as indicated by their diet. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FE7190151FE0BD5F" box="[397,480,1612,1645]" name="Oman" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
,ten fecal samples contained mostly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FC1B90151A85BD5F" box="[999,1157,1612,1645]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FB6990151B5ABD5F" box="[1173,1370,1612,1645]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FF50902A1C20BDA6" authority=", Heteroptera, and Auchenorrhyncha. Twelve" authorityName="Heteroptera, and Auchenorrhyncha. Twelve" box="[172,544,1651,1684]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera, Heteroptera,</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FD95902A1D71BDA6" authority=", Heteroptera, and Auchenorrhyncha. Twelve" authorityName="Heteroptera, and Auchenorrhyncha. Twelve" box="[617,881,1651,1684]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Auchenorrhyncha.</taxonomicName>
|
||
Twelve digestive tracts in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FB1D902A1B1ABDA6" box="[1249,1306,1651,1684]" name="Iran" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
contained mostly small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FE2E90C21C6EBD8E" box="[466,622,1691,1724]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Auchenorrhyncha, with significant amounts of Formicoidea and smaller amounts of small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FCF3909B1DBFBDD1" box="[783,959,1730,1763]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FC2C909B1AE6BDD1" box="[976,1254,1730,1763]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera (Culicidae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FB0B909B1F9CBC38" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera (Aphididae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Heteroptera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FD9090B01CF3BC38" box="[620,755,1769,1802]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Blattodea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FCBD90B01DE7BC38" box="[833,999,1769,1802]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF5791481B10BCB3" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF5791481B10BCB3" blockId="52.[158,1380,823,2315]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FF5791481F31BC00" bold="true" box="[171,305,1809,1842]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FE9A91481FA2BC00" box="[358,418,1809,1842]" name="Iran" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, six pregnant females, all with two well-developed fetuses, were captured in early April. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FE0A91601C50BC68" box="[502,592,1849,1882]" name="Oman" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
, pregnant females with two fetuses have been captured in early April, along with a lactating female. Births probably occur in early April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF5591DE1D7CB32C" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF5591DE1D7CB32C" blockId="52.[158,1380,823,2315]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FF5591DE1F9ABC9A" bold="true" box="[169,410,1927,1960]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Arabian Pipistrelles are nocturnal. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FC2791DE1A35BC9A" box="[987,1077,1927,1960]" name="Oman" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
, search-call shape is a steep FM/QCF sweep with start frequencies of 36-1-48-5 kHz, end frequencies of 30-34-4 kHz, peak frequencies of 31:9-36-5 kHz, durations of 6-6—8-8 milliseconds, and interpulse intervals of 96-7-108-6 milliseconds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF569E7C1A56B374" box="[170,1110,2085,2118]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF569E7C1A56B374" blockId="52.[158,1380,823,2315]" box="[170,1110,2085,2118]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FF569E7C1D67B374" bold="true" box="[170,871,2085,2118]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF579E141D40B389" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF579E141D40B389" blockId="52.[158,1380,823,2315]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FF579E141C07B35C" bold="true" box="[171,519,2125,2158]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFCF6A70FB0F9E141F4DB3A7" authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="1979" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Pipistrellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">Pipistrellus arabicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The Arabian Pipistrelle is currently known only from a few individuals from relatively few localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FDA39EC31CB7B389" box="[607,695,2202,2235]" name="Oman" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFCF6A70FD039EC31D3CB389" box="[767,828,2202,2235]" name="Iran" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFCF6A70FF579E921A94B239" pageId="52" pageNumber="810" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFCF6A70FF579E921A94B239" blockId="52.[158,1380,823,2315]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFCF6A70FF579E921F41B3D6" bold="true" box="[171,321,2251,2276]" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Benda, Al-Jumaily et al. (2011), Benda,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFCF6A70FD039E921D57B3D6" box="[767,855,2251,2276]" country="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" name="Saint Andrew" pageId="52" pageNumber="810">Andreas</collectingRegion>
|
||
& Reiter (2002), Benda, Faizolahi et al. (2012), Benda, Reiter et al. (2016), Harrison (1979, 1982), Harrison & Bates (1991), Tsytsulina (2008b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |