treatments-xml/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FFBF6A00FF529B4F1698B13A.xml

<document id="9FADFB3DB05D1A93E20EC7FC6D390267" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FFBF6A00FF529B4F1698B13A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Thainycteris aureocollaris Kock &amp; Storch 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="826" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="826" updateTime="1732570321788" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8A53AA9E5A6E3DF87DCE2CCE84795CDE">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D17AC2F469074D8907105F044187F283">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E862B4E4DA754FF5A3807A884787B76">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9E2702B5A87D836FBE88D6540527B41C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FF529B4F1EFDB676" box="[174,253,3350,3396]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FF529B4F1EFDB676" blockId="68.[169,1131,3350,3478]" box="[174,253,3350,3396]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<heading id="9F638192FFBF6A00FF529B4F1EFDB676" box="[174,253,3350,3396]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFFBF6A00FF529B4F1EFDB676" box="[174,253,3350,3396]" captionStart="Plate 60: Vespe" captionStartId="61.[119,149,3300,3325]" captionTargetBox="[12,2753,18,3658]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="118. Cape Serotine (Neoromicia capensis), 119. Malagasy Serotine (Neoromicia matroka), 120. Isalo Serotine (Neoromicia malagasyensis), 121. Roberts’s Serotine (Neoromicia robertsi), 122. Stanley’s Serotine (Neoromicia stanleyi), 123. Zulu Serotine (Neoromicia zuluensis), 124. Tiny Serotine (Neoromicia guineensis), 125. Somali Serotine (Neoromicia somalica), 126. Banana Serotine (Neoromicia nanus), 127. Rendall’s Serotine (Neoromicia rendalli), 128. Dark-brown Serotine (Neoromicia brunnea), 129. Rosevear’s Serotine (Neoromicia roseveari), 130. Isabelline Serotine (Neoromicia isabella), 131. Grandidier’s Serotine (Neoromicia grandidieri), 132. White-winged Serotine (Neoromicia tenuipinnis), 133. Heller’s Serotine (Neoromicia helios), 134. De Winton’s LLong-eared Bat (Laephotis wintoni), 135. Angolan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis angolensis), 136. Botswanan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis botswanae), 137. Namib Long-eared Bat (Laephotis namibensis), 138. Sind Bat (Rhyneptesicus nasutus), 139. Collared Sprite (Thainycteris aureocollaris), 140. Necklace Sprite (Thainycleris torquatus), 141. Bronze Sprite (Arielulus circumdatus), 142. Social Sprite (Arelulus societatis), 143. Coppery Sprite (Arielulus cuprosus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398519/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">139.</figureCitation>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FEEC9B4F1C4BB676" blockId="68.[169,1131,3350,3478]" box="[272,587,3350,3396]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<heading id="9F638192FFBF6A00FEEC9B4F1C4BB676" box="[272,587,3350,3396]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBF6A00FEEC9B4F1C4BB676" ID-CoL="8LHJ8" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[272,587,3350,3396]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">Collared Sprite</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FD699B4F1A5CB676" box="[661,1116,3350,3396]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FD699B4F1A5CB676" blockId="68.[169,1131,3350,3478]" box="[661,1116,3350,3396]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<heading id="9F638192FFBF6A00FD699B4F1A5CB676" box="[661,1116,3350,3396]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00FD699B4F1A5CB676" ID-CoL="8LHJ8" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[661,1116,3350,3396]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FD699B4F1A5CB676" box="[661,1116,3350,3396]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Thainycteris aureocollaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FF579B0F1A27B6A0" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FF579B0F1A6BB659" blockId="68.[169,1131,3350,3478]" box="[171,1131,3414,3435]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<heading id="9F638192FFBF6A00FF579B0F1A6BB659" box="[171,1131,3414,3435]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FF579B0F1EF6B659" bold="true" box="[171,246,3414,3435]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBF6A00FEFC9B0F1FA6B659" ID-CoL="8LHJ8" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[256,422,3414,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">
Farfadet du 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00FE859B0F1FA6B659" box="[377,422,3414,3435]" name="Laos" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Laos</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FE479B0F1C15B659" bold="true" box="[443,533,3414,3435]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBF6A00FDE39B0F1D3BB659" ID-CoL="8LHJ8" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[543,827,3414,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">Goldkragen-Elfenfledermaus</vernacularName>
/ 
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FCB39B0F1DAAB659" bold="true" box="[847,938,3414,3435]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBF6A00FC4C9B0F1A6BB659" ID-CoL="8LHJ8" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[944,1131,3414,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBF6A00FC4C9B0F1A15B659" ID-CoL="8LHJ8" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[944,1045,3414,3435]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">Tainicterio</vernacularName>
de 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00FBC29B0F1A6BB659" box="[1086,1131,3414,3435]" name="Laos" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Laos</collectingCountry>
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FF569B241A27B6A0" blockId="68.[169,1131,3350,3478]" box="[170,1063,3453,3474]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<heading id="9F638192FFBF6A00FF569B241A27B6A0" box="[170,1063,3453,3474]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FF569B241FA1B6A0" bold="true" box="[170,417,3453,3474]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBF6A00FE579B241C65B6A0" ID-CoL="8LHJ8" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[427,613,3453,3474]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">Collared Pipistrelle</vernacularName>
, 
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBF6A00FD8F9B241D23B6A0" ID-CoL="8LHJ8" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[627,803,3453,3474]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00FD8F9B241CA3B6A0" box="[627,675,3453,3474]" name="Thailand" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Siam</collectingCountry>
Goldnecklet
</vernacularName>
, 
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FFBF6A00FCD09B241A27B6A0" ID-CoL="8LHJ8" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[812,1063,3453,3474]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">Thai Golden-throated Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00F7F7977916B9BA5A" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00F7F7977916B9BA5A" blockId="68.[2059,2652,288,715]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00F7F79779169EBA73" bold="true" box="[2059,2206,288,321]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F748977916B4BA5A" authority="Kock &amp; Storch, 1996" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycters" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="awreocollaris">Thainycters awreocollaris Kock &amp; Storch, 1996</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00F738976318CEBF34" blockId="68.[2059,2652,288,715]" lastBlockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00F73897631459BA85" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="materials_examined">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FFBF6A00F73897631455BA85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864435301" latitude="20.133333" longitude="10.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
Doi (= Mount) Pha Hom Pok, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="A1A05039FFBF6A00F776972E16F2BAA2" box="[2186,2290,375,400]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" precision="55555" value="10.0">99°10'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1,500: m, Amphoe {= Dis trict) Mae Ai, 
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFBF6A00F74097C317CFBA85" box="[2236,2511,410,439]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Chiang Mai Province</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00F62697C31455BA85" box="[2522,2645,410,439]" name="Thailand" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00F7EC979F18CEBF34" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="discussion">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F7EC979F16ACBAED" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[2064,2220,454,479]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Thainycteris</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F69F979F17DBBAED" box="[2403,2523,454,479]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Arielulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arielulus</taxonomicName>
in larger size, broader, heavier skull, and distinctive fur coloration, with buff collar but without pale rims to ear; further work is needed that includes all species of both genera in a phylogenetic study to confirm relationships. 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F72794F71423B9F9" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[2267,2595,686,715]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">Thainycteris aureocollaris</taxonomicName>
was originally placed in its own genus but this was later treated as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F62194881455B9C0" box="[2525,2645,721,754]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Arielulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arielulus</taxonomicName>
, based on similar craniodental features; however, recent molecular data indicate that 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00FA5B9546181EB872" box="[1447,1566,799,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Arielulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arielulus</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F99495461904B872" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[1640,1796,799,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Thainycteris</taxonomicName>
are genetically distinct. Some authors consider 7. 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F62895461BC7B85A" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">aureocollaris</taxonomicName>
to be sister to la io; others suggest its closest relative to be 1. 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F6DB951E17A2B85A" authorityName="Csorba &amp; Lee" authorityYear="1999" box="[2343,2466,839,872]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Arielulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">torquatus</taxonomicName>
. In 2019, the molecular-phylogenetic study of T. Gorfol and colleagues found 7. 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F6879537141CB8BD" authorityName="Kock &amp; Storch" authorityYear="1996" box="[2427,2588,878,911]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Thainycteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureocollaris">aureocollaris</taxonomicName>
and TI: 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00FA3395CF1848B885" authorityName="Csorba &amp; Lee" authorityYear="1999" box="[1487,1608,918,951]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Arielulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">torquatus</taxonomicName>
to be sister species in a clade including 1. i0 and an undefined 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F62295CF1456B885" box="[2526,2646,918,951]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Eptesicus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eptesicus</taxonomicName>
; they were only distantly related to A. 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F83E95E4165FB8EC" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1986,2143,957,990]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Arielulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circumdatus">circumdatus</taxonomicName>
, which clustered with 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F65895E4181EBF34" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Hesperoptenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blanfordi">Hesperoptenus blanfordi</taxonomicName>
. Monotypic.
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FA5B9248161FBF66" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FFBF6A00FA5B9248161FBF66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398065" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398065/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" targetBox="[1444,2035,298,712]" targetPageId="68">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FA5B9248161FBF66" blockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FA5B92481857BF1C" bold="true" box="[1447,1623,1041,1070]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Distribution.</emphasis>
NW 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00F95492481928BF1C" box="[1704,1832,1041,1070]" name="Thailand" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFBF6A00F8BF9248167ABF1C" box="[1859,2170,1041,1070]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Chiang Mai Province</collectingRegion>
), N 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00F740924816FEBF1C" box="[2236,2302,1041,1070]" name="Laos" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Laos</collectingCountry>
, N &amp; C 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00F680924817F6BF1C" box="[2428,2550,1041,1070]" name="Vietnam" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, and S 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00FA54926A1BFCBF66" box="[1448,1532,1075,1108]" name="China" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFBF6A00F9EF926A1893BF66" box="[1555,1683,1075,1108]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
); it may occur in 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00F874926A161BBF66" box="[1928,2075,1075,1108]" name="Cambodia" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FA5B923D19A8BC8A" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FA5B923D19A8BC8A" blockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FA5B923D18A2BF4F" bold="true" box="[1447,1698,1124,1149]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body 60-68 mm, tail 43-58 mm, ear 14-2-18 mm, hindfoot 9-12-2 mm, forearm 47-5-51-8 mm; weight 13-18 g. Pelage of the Collared Spriteis relatively long (c. 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFBF6A00F96792F31907BFF9" box="[1691,1799,1194,1227]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
), almost black with silvery and pale gold tips, giving frosted appearance reminiscent of 
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00F8D1928819A9BFC0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1837,1961,1233,1266]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Vespertilio</taxonomicName>
; underparts are similar with white to golden tips; throat, chin, and sides of neck have pale yellowish “collar,” contrasting with otherwise dark underparts. Thai and Vietnamese specimens appear to differ slightly in color, with collar of latter having copper-gold hue. There is a transversal, irregularly broad streak of buffy hairs on top of head between ear conches. Ears, nose, wings, and uropatagium are dark gray. Ears are fleshy, broadly triangular with rounded tip; tragus is moderately short, broadened at top one-half, and angled forward. There are scattered light-tipped hairs on hindfeet and toes. Tail is 67-87% of head-body length; it has seven vertebrae, with distal vertebra free of uropatagium. Baculum is small and triangular, with elongated main shaft, ventrally concave, without basal notch. Skull is very broad with high, massive rostrum; supraorbital crests are well developed, with deep medial depression between them; sagittal, occipital, and lambdoid crests are low; zygomatic arches are robust in anterior section but become slenderer behind a median dorsal projection. Condylo-canine lengths are 16-2—17-6 mm; maxillary tooth row lengths are 6-7-7-3 mm. Dentition is similar to, but more massive than, that of the Bronze Sprite (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFFBF6A00FA4F917818D7BC70" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1459,1751,1825,1858]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Arielulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circumdatus">Arielulus circumdatus</taxonomicName>
); number of upper premolars is variable; P* is very small and completely displaced inward, sometimes missing; I” is tiny and hard to see; C' has no posterior cusp on cutting edge. Dental formula for both species of Thainycterisis 12/3, C1/1.P1-2/2,M 3/3 (x2) =32-54.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FA5A91E618CDB396" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FA5A91E618CDB396" blockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FA5A91E61816BCD2" bold="true" box="[1446,1558,1983,2016]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Habitat.</emphasis>
Probably confined to primary or moderately disturbed forests in mountains. In 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00FA3391B21849B33A" box="[1487,1609,2027,2056]" name="Vietnam" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, found in limestone and non-limestone forest; all Vietnamese specimens (males) were captured over streams. In 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00F81E9E571663B31D" box="[2018,2147,2062,2095]" name="Thailand" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, found at 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFBF6A00F7079E571763B31D" box="[2299,2403,2062,2095]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
in hill evergreen forest. In 
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFBF6A00F9D09E6C18A6B364" box="[1580,1702,2101,2134]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
, southern 
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFFBF6A00F8C09E6C1992B364" box="[1852,1938,2101,2134]" name="China" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">China</collectingCountry>
, captured at 
<quantity id="036C9B1BFFBF6A00F7BB9E6C169BB364" box="[2119,2203,2101,2134]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" unit="m" value="650.0">650 m</quantity>
in secondary subtropical broadleaf forest on low karstic mountains, close to agriculturalfields of a village. Elevational range is 200-2000 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FA5A9EF21435B3FE" box="[1446,2613,2219,2252]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FA5A9EF21435B3FE" blockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" box="[1446,2613,2219,2252]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FA5A9EF218ACB3FE" bold="true" box="[1446,1708,2219,2252]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Collared Sprite is considered a fast-flying aerial insectivore.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FA5A9E8B191CB3C1" box="[1446,1820,2258,2291]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FA5A9E8B191CB3C1" blockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" box="[1446,1820,2258,2291]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FA5A9E8B182DB3C1" bold="true" box="[1446,1581,2258,2291]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Breeding.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FA599EA3164BB229" box="[1445,2123,2298,2331]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FA599EA3164BB229" blockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" box="[1445,2123,2298,2331]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FA599EA31890B229" bold="true" box="[1445,1680,2298,2331]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Collared Sprites are nocturnal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FA5A9F7B1752B271" box="[1446,2386,2338,2371]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FA5A9F7B1752B271" blockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" box="[1446,2386,2338,2371]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FA5A9F7B1663B271" bold="true" box="[1446,2147,2338,2371]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
No information.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FA5B9F1017C2B258" box="[1447,2498,2377,2410]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FA5B9F1017C2B258" blockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" box="[1447,2498,2377,2410]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FA5B9F101904B258" bold="true" box="[1447,1796,2377,2410]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FFBF6A00FA5B9F201698B13A" pageId="68" pageNumber="826" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFFBF6A00FA5B9F201698B13A" blockId="68.[1445,2654,721,2568]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFFBF6A00FA5B9F201840B2A0" bold="true" box="[1447,1600,2425,2450]" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Bates, Francis, Csorba &amp; Furey (2008), Boitani et al. (2006), Borisenko et al. (2001), Csorba &amp; Lee Lingling (1999), 
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFFBF6A00F9A99FF81885B288" box="[1621,1669,2465,2490]" country="Hungary" name="Eger" pageId="68" pageNumber="826">Eger</collectingRegion>
&amp;Theberge (1999), Francis (2008a), Francis et al. (2010), Gorfol et al. (2019), GuoWeijian et al. (2017), Hassanin et al. (2018), Kingsada et al. (2011), Kock &amp; Storch (1996), Koubinova et al. (2013), Kruskop (2013), Pearch &amp; Writer (2009), Roehrs et al. (2010), Simmons (2005).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>