225 lines
26 KiB
XML
225 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="F545EBA468AEA76B0B7382E5634664DC" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF9C6A2CFA8F9B521A9FB345" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Barbastella darjelingensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="862" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="861" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="4C52EB3A2271D55684BE2496CEFA7AF5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3ADA4A1BE303162E31653BB3F6CF4DA0">
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<mods:title id="8845DC47F0446E19E9AD9061FC5EAF87">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A6BEAB1DE5E3956B40F5772C7D0B766C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7D47D0D8139ED0CE573D499AFE71AE9A">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6706116059414A91542E7E9037402F12">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="010EB48BA5AB7FE7CACE09E454564893">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="12B20EF1454A450890E3FB74F7C0244D">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="41400619BEB89270011164F5839E8696" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="7874BBA18FE3097123A59A171CD4A37B">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="FAF513F8CED477B6819E99B5472DF83B">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7C0345699662016569B29308E6162424">
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<mods:title id="DA330D10A5EAF397449D253583701910">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="7D64D68836939B3D0490C2999F96447E">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="F71C7284BD6E1B0225EE27A98784302B">981</mods:end>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF9C6A2CFA8F9B521A9FB345" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403592" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628238" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403592" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF9C6A2CFA8F9B521A9FB345" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF9C6A2CFA8F9B521A9FB345" lastPageId="104" lastPageNumber="862" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8F9B521BC5B60F" box="[1395,1477,3339,3389]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8F9B521BC5B60F" blockId="103.[1392,2422,3339,3466]" box="[1395,1477,3339,3389]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<heading id="9F638192FF9C6A23FA8F9B521BC5B60F" box="[1395,1477,3339,3389]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF9C6A23FA8F9B521BC5B60F" box="[1395,1477,3339,3389]" captionStart="Plate 63: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="97.[132,162,3286,3311]" captionTargetBox="[11,2745,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="202. Canyon Bat (Parastrellus hesperus), 203. Tricolored Bat (Perimyotis subflavus), 204. Van Gelder’s Bat (Bauerus dubiaquercus), 205. Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus), 206. Black-winged Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa tumida), 207. Yucatan Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa aenea), 208. Bickham’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa bickhami), 209. Menchu’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa menchuae), 210. Ecuadorian Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa velilla), 211. Tiny Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa minutilla), 212. Genoways’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa genowaysi), 213. Thomas's Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa io), 214. Northern Little Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa parvula), 215. Least Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa mira), 216. Allen’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa alleni), 217. Slender Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa gracilis), 218. Husson’s Yellow Bat (Rhogeessa hussoni), 219. Western Barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus), 220. Caspian Barbastelle (Barbastella caspica), 221. Arabian Barbastelle (Barbastella leucomelas), 222. Eastern Barbastelle (Barbastella darjelingensis), 223. Japanese Barbastelle (Barbastella pacifica), 224. Beijing Barbastelle (Barbastella beijingensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398525/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">222.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA2A9B521964B60F" box="[1494,1892,3339,3389]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA2A9B521964B60F" blockId="103.[1392,2422,3339,3466]" box="[1494,1892,3339,3389]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<heading id="9F638192FF9C6A23FA2A9B521964B60F" box="[1494,1892,3339,3389]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23FA2A9B521964B60F" ID-CoL="8LV97" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1494,1892,3339,3389]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">Eastern Barbastelle</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23F8559B521776B60F" box="[1961,2422,3339,3389]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23F8559B521776B60F" blockId="103.[1392,2422,3339,3466]" box="[1961,2422,3339,3389]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<heading id="9F638192FF9C6A23F8559B521776B60F" box="[1961,2422,3339,3389]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF9C6A23F8559B521776B60F" ID-CoL="8LV97" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1961,2422,3339,3389]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23F8559B521776B60F" box="[1961,2422,3339,3389]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Barbastella darjelingensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF9C6A23FA8E9B17191CB6B8" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8E9B171727B651" blockId="103.[1392,2422,3339,3466]" box="[1394,2343,3406,3427]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<heading id="9F638192FF9C6A23FA8E9B171727B651" box="[1394,2343,3406,3427]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA8E9B171BBEB651" bold="true" box="[1394,1470,3406,3427]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23FA349B17187AB651" ID-CoL="8LV97" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1480,1658,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">Barbastelle d'Asie</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23F9739B1718E9B651" bold="true" box="[1679,1769,3406,3427]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23F90F9B1719F4B651" ID-CoL="8LV97" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1779,2036,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">Ostliche Mopsfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23F7F59B171665B651" bold="true" box="[2057,2149,3406,3427]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23F7939B171727B651" ID-CoL="8LV97" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[2159,2343,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23F7939B1716D6B651" ID-CoL="8LV97" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[2159,2262,3406,3427]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">Barbastela</vernacularName>
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asiética
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF9C6A23FA8E9B2C191CB6B8" blockId="103.[1392,2422,3339,3466]" box="[1394,1820,3445,3466]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<heading id="9F638192FF9C6A23FA8E9B2C191CB6B8" box="[1394,1820,3445,3466]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF9C6A23FA8E9B2C1869B6B8" bold="true" box="[1394,1641,3445,3466]" pageId="103" pageNumber="861">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF9C6A23F98D9B2C191CB6B8" ID-CoL="8LV97" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[1649,1820,3445,3466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="861" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">Asian Barbastelle</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFCE597411A1DBA52" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFCE597411A1DBA52" blockId="104.[793,1384,280,707]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFCE597411DB4BA0B" bold="true" box="[793,948,280,313]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF936A2CFC3D97411B66BA0B" ID-CoL="8LFZ9" authority="Hodgson" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1855" box="[961,1382,280,313]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">Plecotus darjelingensis Hodgson</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFF936A2CFCC3971E1A18BA52" box="[831,1048,327,352]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Horsfield, 1855</treatmentCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFBD4971E1B1CBA52" box="[1064,1308,327,352]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFBD4971E1B1CBA52" blockId="104.[793,1384,280,707]" box="[1064,1308,327,352]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF936A2CFBD4971E1B1CBA52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319372" box="[1064,1308,327,352]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
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Darjeeling,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF936A2CFB31971E1B18BA52" box="[1229,1304,327,352]" name="India" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFCE6973E1CD6B80B" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFCE6973E1CD6B80B" blockId="104.[793,1384,280,707]" lastBlockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
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Previously treated as a race of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF936A2CFB44973E1B61BABA" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[1208,1377,359,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">B. leucomelas</taxonomicName>
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; separated, based mainly on genetic and morphological data. This species included
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF936A2CFCE697841DA1BACC" authorityName="Kruskop, Kawai & Tiunov" authorityYear="2019" box="[794,929,477,510]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">B. pacifica</taxonomicName>
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until the very recent taxonomic review by S. V. Kruskop and colleagues in 2019, when latter was recognized as a full species. Chinese and
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF936A2CFB7D940E1B11B946" box="[1153,1297,599,628]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">South-east</collectingRegion>
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Asian representatives of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF936A2CFBE494271AE8B9A9" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1855" box="[1048,1256,638,667]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">B. darjelingensis</taxonomicName>
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may represent a furtherspecies, distinct from the Himalayan true
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF936A2CFE6794901C6FB9D8" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1855" box="[411,623,713,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">B. darjelingensis</taxonomicName>
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; indeed,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF936A2CFD0994901D7EB9D8" authorityName="Kruskop, Kawai & Tiunov" authorityYear="2019" box="[757,894,713,746]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">B. pacifica</taxonomicName>
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is genetically sister to the Chinese and
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF936A2CFF0E94A81F82B820" box="[242,386,753,786]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">South-east</collectingRegion>
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Asian
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF936A2CFE1E94A81CB4B820" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1855" box="[482,692,753,786]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darjelingensis">B. darjelingensis</taxonomicName>
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, and together they are sister to the rest of
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF936A2CFAF594A81EEAB80B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Barbastella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Barbastella</taxonomicName>
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. Further study needed. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFF4F951A1C34B8BA" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF936A2CFF4F951A1C34B8BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398279" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398279/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" targetBox="[178,769,288,702]" targetPageId="104">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFF4F951A1C34B8BA" blockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFF4F951A1F63B852" bold="true" box="[179,355,835,864]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Distribution.</emphasis>
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N
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF936A2CFE64951A1C41B852" box="[408,577,835,864]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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E through Himalayas to C & E
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF936A2CFBD8951A1A7AB852" box="[1060,1146,835,864]" name="China" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">China</collectingCountry>
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, N
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF936A2CFB49951A1AF7B852" box="[1205,1271,835,864]" name="Laos" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Laos</collectingCountry>
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, and N
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF936A2CFF4D95361F2CB8BA" box="[177,300,879,904]" name="Vietnam" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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, including
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF936A2CFE3795361C30B8BA" box="[459,560,879,904]" name="Taiwan" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFF4F95D71AF4BE08" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFF4F95D71AF4BE08" blockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFF4F95D71FB0B89D" bold="true" box="[179,432,910,943]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFD8C95D71D09B89D" box="[624,777,910,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="mm" value="49.0" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="47.0">47-51 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFCAB95D71DEFB89D" box="[855,1007,910,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="40.0">40-47 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFBBC95D71AD7B89D" box="[1088,1239,910,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15-17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFF4895EC1F28B8E4" box="[180,296,949,982]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7-8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 38.7-42-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFDCE95EC1C85B8E4" box="[562,645,949,982]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight c.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFCE895EC1D44B8E4" box="[788,836,949,982]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="g" value="9.0">9 g</quantity>
|
||
. Very similar to congeners. Fur is c.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFAC295EC1F04B8CC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8— 9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long on dorsum and
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFDC195841CAEB8CC" box="[573,686,989,1022]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7-8 mm</quantity>
|
||
on belly. All taxonomically confirmed specimens have dark fur with frosted silver hair tips. Face is similar to other barbastelles, with short snout and wide squarish, broad, short ears, which join across forehead; tragus generally pointed, one-half ear height, without antitragal lobe; ears do not have typical rounded or circular lobe on outer margin of some other barbastelles. Muzzle short and broad. Wings relatively wide, inserting at base of first toe. Baculum is similar in size, but narrower than in the Arabian Barbastelle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF936A2CFC69928B1A4ABFD9" authorityName="Cretzschmar" authorityYear="1826" box="[917,1098,1234,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">B. leucomelas</taxonomicName>
|
||
), parallel-sided, and not gradually tapering to epiphysis. Anterior one-half of braincase is bulbous; condylobasal length is c.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFE6B93401FFDBE08" box="[407,509,1305,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 50.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFF4F93191B2FBEE5" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFF4F93191B2FBEE5" blockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFF4F93191F22BE53" bold="true" box="[179,290,1344,1377]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Seems to select positively dry coniferous woodlands as its preferred foraging and roosting habitats. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF936A2CFDAB933E1CBBBEBA" box="[599,699,1383,1416]" name="Taiwan" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it has been found in oak forests dominated by broadleaved trees, as well as plantations and pine woodland, usually in montane areas. Found from sea level up to
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF936A2CFDCB93EF1C9FBEE5" box="[567,671,1462,1495]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
|
||
, including Himalayan moist temperate forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFF4F93871A6CBECD" box="[179,1132,1502,1535]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFF4F93871A6CBECD" blockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" box="[179,1132,1502,1535]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFF4F93871FB8BECD" bold="true" box="[179,440,1502,1535]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Feeds mainly on moths, using swallow-like flight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFF4F905C1C66BD7C" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFF4F905C1C66BD7C" blockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFF4F905C1F39BD14" bold="true" box="[179,313,1541,1574]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Maternity colonies are thought to be small, with up to ¢.30 mature females. Reported to give birth to twins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFF4D90011F56BDAF" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFF4D90011F56BDAF" blockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFF4D90011FA1BD47" bold="true" box="[177,417,1624,1653]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Roosts in caves, mines, tunnels, rock crevices, or hollow trees, or under bark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFF4F90FA1A9DBDDE" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFF4F90FA1A9DBDDE" blockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFF4F90FA1D79BDF6" bold="true" box="[179,889,1699,1732]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Thought to be solitary. Males and females seem to roost separately, especially during the breeding season.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFF4F90AB1D1DBCB8" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFF4F90AB1D1DBCB8" blockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFF4F90AB1C0EBC21" bold="true" box="[179,526,1778,1811]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF936A2CFDE590AB1C4EBC21" box="[537,590,1778,1811]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Eastern Barbastelle 1s included under the Arabian Barbastelle, which 1s classified as Least Concern. Deforestation and habitat loss might be a potential threat to this species, but threats need to be reassessed after recent taxonomic review.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF936A2CFF4F91C11A9FB345" pageId="104" pageNumber="862" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF936A2CFF4F91C11A9FB345" blockId="104.[177,1385,713,2167]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF936A2CFF4F91C11F4CBC83" bold="true" box="[179,332,1944,1969]" pageId="104" pageNumber="862">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Abe et al. (2005), Acharya & Ruedas (2007), Bates & Harrison (1997), Benda & Mlikovsky (2008), Das (2003), Dietz & Kiefer (2016), Duckworth & Pons (2011), Horaéek et al. (2000), Hutson et al. (2001), Kruskop & Shchinov (2010), Kruskop, Borisenko et al. (2012), Kruskop, Kawai & Tiunov (2019), Lin Liangkong, Lee Lingling & Cheng Hsichi (1997), Lin Liangkong, Motokawa, Harada & Cheng Hsichi (2002), Monadjem, Tsytsulina et al. (2017), Osborn (1963), Pacifici et al. (2013), Shrestha (1997), Simmons (2005), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Uchida & Ando (1972), Wang Yingxiang (2003), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang Jinshuo et al. (2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |