206 lines
23 KiB
XML
206 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="96EA7AA1E5373CBDEFCA4B2F5C977EB7" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF956A2BFA4A901C1D3DB911" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Plecotus sacrimontis G. M. Allen 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="869" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="868" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="F5BA1545FA3495091C4F73602A8CED7E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE6849B98DD85AC495D249D826F144AB">
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<mods:title id="0C68BF7F5D590E0402F59ED23BC9D112">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="46B2484077D0E97CF7E1D60231231C3F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E1156FED4FCFA88441DC90DF582E3F96">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FE2EDCA5AF6584A9770E31DC7F6D30FF">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="4290871AEAD4F5139D8311235782BB27">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="3FD491275BD9F21A6953BBFA08E3D8CF" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="FB7D85EEB871955C71186254D68DF21D">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="D27090C1BD82D896A4C9A17314A431E5">
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<mods:placeTerm id="D72479C8AB4B6502BB0C7947F8CB50C3">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B0F4BEEDFE18DBD4DDF7783FA0325D25">
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<mods:title id="D0040F62F9B59C5BB684A6850089B986">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="DC09B446006F3E58724E99E546B21738">
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<mods:extent id="E0CA784044AE706D7F6456B8E066011D" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="9F324F0F82514BB3A24A058F3016BF13">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="962F5561136676DBBA731073B4C3F810">981</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="933EE6CD6B9718B26AC6D58C98F34B80" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF956A2BFA4A901C1D3DB911" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6403614" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6403614" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF956A2BFA4A901C1D3DB911" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF956A2BFA4A901C1D3DB911" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="869" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AFA4A901C1808BD45" box="[1462,1544,1605,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AFA4A901C1808BD45" blockId="110.[1460,2505,1605,1698]" box="[1462,1544,1605,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<heading id="9F638192FF956A2AFA4A901C1808BD45" box="[1462,1544,1605,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF956A2AFA4A901C1808BD45" box="[1462,1544,1605,1655]" captionStart="Plate 64: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="107.[117,147,3280,3305]" captionTargetBox="[11,2760,17,3656]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="225. Gray Long-eared Bat (Plecotus austriacus), 226. Canary Long-eared Bat (Plecotus teneriffae), 227. Gaisler’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus gaisleri), 228. Christie’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus christii), 229. Mediterranean Long-eared Bat (Plecotus kolombatovici), 230. Ethiopian Long-eared Bat (Plecotus balensis), 231. Turkmen Long-eared Bat (Plecotus turkmenicus), 232. Strelkov’s Long-eared (Bat Plecotusstrelkovi), 233. Ognev’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus ognevi), 234. Kozlov’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus kozlovi), 235. Sichuan Long-eared Bat (Plecotus ariel), 236. Himalayan Long-eared Bat (Plecotus homochrous), 237. Taiwan Long-eared Bat (Plecotus taivanus), 238. Japanese Long-eared Bat (Plecotus sacrimontis), 239. Ward’s Long-eared Bat (Plecotus wardi), 240. Alpine Long-eared Bat (Plecotus macrobullaris), 241. Sardinian Long-eared Bat (Plecotus sardus), 242. Brown Long-eared Bat (Plecotus auritus), 243. Desert Long-eared Bat (Otonycteris hemprichii), 244. Turkestani Long-eared Bat (Otonycteris leucophaea), 245. Rafinesque’s Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), 246. Townsend's Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus townsendii), 247. Mexican Big-eared Bat (Corynorhinus mexicanus), 248. Allen’s Big-eared Bat (Idionycteris phyllotis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398533/files/figure.png" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">238.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AF9EC901C1621BD45" box="[1552,2081,1605,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AF9EC901C1621BD45" blockId="110.[1460,2505,1605,1698]" box="[1552,2081,1605,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<heading id="9F638192FF956A2AF9EC901C1621BD45" box="[1552,2081,1605,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF956A2AF9EC901C1621BD45" ID-CoL="4K2ZQ" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" box="[1552,2081,1605,1655]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacrimontis">Japanese Long-eared Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AF79E901C17C9BD45" box="[2146,2505,1605,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AF79E901C17C9BD45" blockId="110.[1460,2505,1605,1698]" box="[2146,2505,1605,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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||
<heading id="9F638192FF956A2AF79E901C17C9BD45" box="[2146,2505,1605,1655]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF956A2AF79E901C17C9BD45" ID-CoL="4K2ZQ" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" box="[2146,2505,1605,1655]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacrimontis">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AF79E901C17C9BD45" box="[2146,2505,1605,1655]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Plecotus sacrimontis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AFA4990D016F2BDAC" box="[1461,2290,1673,1694]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AFA4990D016F2BDAC" blockId="110.[1460,2505,1605,1698]" box="[1461,2290,1673,1694]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<heading id="9F638192FF956A2AFA4990D016F2BDAC" box="[1461,2290,1673,1694]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AFA4990D01801BDAC" bold="true" box="[1461,1537,1673,1694]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF956A2AF9F690D018BEBDAC" ID-CoL="4K2ZQ" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" box="[1546,1726,1673,1694]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacrimontis">
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Oreillard du
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF956A2AF97890D018BEBDAC" box="[1668,1726,1673,1694]" name="Japan" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Japon</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AF92F90D0192EBDAC" bold="true" box="[1747,1838,1673,1694]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF956A2AF8CA90D019C9BDAC" ID-CoL="4K2ZQ" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" box="[1846,1993,1673,1694]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacrimontis">Japan-Langohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AF82190D01639BDAC" bold="true" box="[2013,2105,1673,1694]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF956A2AF7BE90D016F2BDAC" ID-CoL="4K2ZQ" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" box="[2114,2290,1673,1694]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacrimontis">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF956A2AF7BE90D01691BDAC" ID-CoL="4K2ZQ" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" box="[2114,2193,1673,1694]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacrimontis">Orejudo</vernacularName>
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de
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF956A2AF74490D016F2BDAC" box="[2232,2290,1673,1694]" name="Japan" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Japon</collectingCountry>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AF7E590901663BC21" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AF7E590901663BC21" blockId="110.[2073,2668,1737,2165]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AF7E5909016B4BDD8" bold="true" box="[2073,2228,1737,1770]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF956A2AF7429090165EBC21" ID-CoL="4K2ZQ" authority="G. M. Allen, 1908" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1908" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Plecotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sacrimontis">Plecotus sacrimontis G. M. Allen, 1908</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AF79290AB17F3BC21" box="[2158,2547,1778,1811]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AF79290AB17F3BC21" blockId="110.[2073,2668,1737,2165]" box="[2158,2547,1778,1811]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF956A2AF79290AB17F3BC21" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319313" box="[2158,2547,1778,1811]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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“Mt. Fuji [Honshu],
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF956A2AF67790AB17E1BC21" box="[2443,2529,1778,1811]" name="Japan" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Japan</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AF7E6914116EEBC50" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AF7E6914116EEBC50" blockId="110.[2073,2668,1737,2165]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Until recently considered a race of P. aurtus. Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AF7E6913516E1B332" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF956A2AF7E6913516E1B332" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398314/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" targetBox="[1459,2050,1761,2166]" targetPageId="110">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AF7E6913516E1B332" blockId="110.[2073,2668,1737,2165]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AF7E6913516CABCBB" bold="true" box="[2074,2250,1900,1929]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Distribution.</emphasis>
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S Kuril Is (Iturup, Kunashir, and Shikotan) and
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF956A2AF6CF91CA1788BC82" box="[2355,2440,1939,1968]" name="Japan" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF956A2AF65F91CA1432BC82" box="[2467,2610,1939,1968]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
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, including Rebun and Rishirito Is, Honshu, and Shikoku).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AF7E69E5C17EDB145" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AF7E69E5C17EDB145" blockId="110.[2073,2668,1737,2165]" lastBlockId="110.[1463,2672,2177,3467]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AF7E69E5C1736B314" bold="true" box="[2074,2358,2053,2086]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 4457-
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF7BA9E68169CB37C" box="[2118,2204,2097,2126]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF7149E68177FB37C" box="[2280,2431,2097,2126]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="mm" value="48.5" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="43.0">43-54 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF6309E681464B37C" box="[2508,2660,2097,2126]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="36.0">36-42 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot 10-12:
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF6F69E011771B347" box="[2314,2417,2136,2165]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 37.744-
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AFA189ED81833B3AC" box="[1508,1587,2177,2206]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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; weight 7-4-9-
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF9049ED81926B3AC" box="[1784,1830,2177,2206]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="g" value="2.0">2 g</quantity>
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. Furis soft, woolly, and dense, with two different colorations: dark brown or blackish on dorsum with pale washed brown-gray (yellow or gray) venter; or pale brown on dorsum and ivory on venter. Furis generally long on back, and shorter on venter; hairs are tricolored on back, with dark bases, medium gray bands, and paler tips; hairs on belly are bicolored, with dark basal part and lighttips. There is a conspicuous “mask” of darker fur on face, from nostrils to eyes, with nose and cheeks sparsely furred. Ears long, extending ¢.
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF8A39F3019C3B2B8" box="[1887,1987,2409,2442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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beyond tip of muzzle when laid forward. Muzzle rather narrow; glandular swellings not conspicuous. Wings broad, with membranes thin and semi-transparent, joining foot at base of outertoe. Tibia c.
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF6EB9FE11779B2EB" box="[2327,2425,2488,2521]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
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long; thumb and claws long. Baculum either Yshaped or Tshaped. Braincase smoothly rounded, large, and low; condylo-basal length c.15-
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF86F9C5219E5B11A" box="[1939,2021,2571,2600]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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; zygomatic width ¢.
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF7179C52173CB11A" box="[2283,2364,2571,2600]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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; bullae large; auditory bulla is relatively larger than in any other Japanese bat. Dental formula is 1 2/3, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 36. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FNa = 50.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AFA469C2719A0B054" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AFA469C2719A0B054" blockId="110.[1463,2672,2177,3467]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AFA469C271829B1AD" bold="true" box="[1466,1577,2686,2719]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Various habitats at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF956A2AF80E9C27169CB1AD" box="[2034,2204,2686,2719]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" unit="m" value="1200.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="700.0">700-1700 m</quantity>
|
||
. The species has been seen flying above a stream in mixed deciduous—coniferous forest, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF956A2AF70C9CFC1747B1F4" box="[2288,2375,2725,2758]" name="Japan" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In one study, it was notaffected by forest type and was recorded in all surveyed habitats equally, including riparian forest, non-riparian forest, old growth forest, and larch plantations. Unlike other batspecies, it might not positively select riparian habitats due to noise of water, which hinders its hunting capacity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AFA469D3319B8B718" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AFA469D3319B8B718" blockId="110.[1463,2672,2177,3467]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AFA469D3318C6B0B9" bold="true" box="[1466,1734,2922,2955]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Fecal analysis revealed mainly nightflying moths (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF956A2AF6549D33142CB0B9" box="[2472,2604,2922,2955]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pyralidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF956A2AF5BC9D33184EB081" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF956A2AF99C9DCB1907B081" box="[1632,1799,2962,2995]" class="Insecta" family="Drepanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Drepanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF956A2AF8E79DCB19B3B081" box="[1819,1971,2962,2995]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Noctuidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as well as neuropterans. This species may hunt using the samestrategy asits European congeners: emitting low-intensity echolocation calls while passively listening to prey-generated sounds. It is apparently specialized in detecting sound of fluttering moths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AFA409A761437B745" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AFA409A761437B745" blockId="110.[1463,2672,2177,3467]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AFA409A761842B762" bold="true" box="[1468,1602,3119,3152]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Forms breeding colonies. In central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF956A2AF7A99A7616ACB762" box="[2133,2220,3119,3152]" name="Japan" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, parturitions occurred synchronously from mid- to late June. Females were reproductively active at 1-2 years old.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2AFA469A27146DB60F" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2AFA469A27146DB60F" blockId="110.[1463,2672,2177,3467]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AFA469A2718A2B7AD" bold="true" box="[1466,1698,3198,3231]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Uses tree holes, caves, and houses as roosting sites, although it is suspected mainly to forage in forests at night. Has been found roosting not only in trees but also in caves and buildings as day roostsites. Echolocation is characterized by FM-QCF pulsesat ¢.28-30 kHz with a second harmonic usually quite evident at ¢.50-60 kHz. Considered a “whispering” species due to the low intensity at which its calls are emitted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF956A2BFA419B1B1B2EBA6F" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="869" pageId="110" pageNumber="868" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF956A2BFA419B1B1B2EBA6F" blockId="110.[1463,2672,2177,3467]" lastBlockId="111.[124,1331,281,552]" lastPageId="111" lastPageNumber="869" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF956A2AFA419B1B1677B651" bold="true" box="[1469,2167,3394,3427]" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
In central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF956A2AF6ED9B1B1766B651" box="[2321,2406,3394,3427]" name="Japan" pageId="110" pageNumber="868">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, breeding colonies with 7-33 individuals have been found, composed mainly of mothers, immature females, and young of both sexes; a few adult males were also found. Most banded young males did not return to their natal colony, whereas return rates ofyoung females were 0-78-9%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF946A2BFF81973D1DC1BA9E" pageId="111" pageNumber="869" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF946A2BFF81973D1DC1BA9E" blockId="111.[124,1331,281,552]" pageId="111" pageNumber="869">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF946A2BFF81973D1FD8BAB7" bold="true" box="[125,472,356,389]" pageId="111" pageNumber="869">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Fairly widespread, and versatile in terms of roost and habitat selection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF946A2BFF8297E21D3DB911" pageId="111" pageNumber="869" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF946A2BFF8297E21D3DB911" blockId="111.[124,1331,281,552]" pageId="111" pageNumber="869">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF946A2BFF8297E21F17BAE6" bold="true" box="[126,279,443,468]" pageId="111" pageNumber="869">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Abe et al. (2005), Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1951), Funakoshi, Kawaiet al. (2015), Kawai et al. (2014), Harada (1973), Sato et al. (2015), Spitzenberger et al. (2006), Suzuki (2012), Yoshikura, Murata et al. (2009), Yoshikura, Yasui & Kamijo (2011), Yoshiyuki (1979b, 1989).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |