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<document id="902E3155155CC9EA30C4CB6AFF7DC83F" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF856A3BFA7C9D3C1B20B05C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Scotophilus heathii" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="886" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="885" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:title id="6CEEDD8F0ADA78615DB573C3FBFC3866">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5A49B9E7360E96423E4CA768083A6313">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC3243967C4DA19B074A95C941527D8D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="03AFCD42BDCE1875A6999BB0F4CA4D18">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF856A3BFA7C9D3C1B20B05C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6562074" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628409" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6562074" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF856A3BFA7C9D3C1B20B05C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF856A3BFA7C9D3C1B20B05C" lastPageId="127" lastPageNumber="886" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF856A3AFA7C9D3C1BD2B0A5" box="[1408,1490,2917,2967]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF856A3AFA7C9D3C1BD2B0A5" blockId="126.[1405,2549,2917,3046]" box="[1408,1490,2917,2967]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<heading id="9F638192FF856A3AFA7C9D3C1BD2B0A5" box="[1408,1490,2917,2967]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF856A3AFA7C9D3C1BD2B0A5" box="[1408,1490,2917,2967]" captionStart="Plate 66: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="126.[130,160,3295,3320]" captionTargetBox="[11,2762,17,3657]" captionTargetPageId="125" captionText="269. Lesser Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus kuhlii), 270. Sody’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus collinus), 271. Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat (Scotophilus heathii), 272. Sulawesi Yellow Bat (Scotophilus celebensis), 273. Nut-colored Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nux), 274. Malagasy Yellow Bat (Scotophilus tandrefana), 275. Marovaza Yellow Bat (Scotophilus marovaza), 276. White-bellied Yellow Bat (Scotophilus leucogaster), 277. East African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus altilis), 278. Robust Yellow Bat (Scotophilus robustus), 279. Lesser Yellow Bat (Scotophilus borbonicus), 280. Eastern Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus viridis), 281. Ejeta’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus ejetai), 282. Schreber’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigrita), 283. Robbins’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nucella), 284. Andrew Rebori’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus andrewreborii), 285. Western Greenish Yellow Bat (Scotophilus nigritellus), 286. Livingstone’s Yellow Bat (Scotophilus livingstonii), 287. Trujillo's Yellow Bat (Scotophilus trujilloi), 288. African Yellow Bat (Scotophilus dinganii), 289. Eritrean Yellow Bat (Scotophilus colias), 290. North American Evening Bat (Nycticeius humeralis), 291. Cuban Evening Bat (Nycticeius cubanus), 292. Temminck’s Mysterious Bat (Nycticetus aenobarbus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398541/files/figure.png" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">271.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF856A3AFA189D3C19F9B0A5" box="[1508,2041,2917,2967]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF856A3AFA189D3C19F9B0A5" blockId="126.[1405,2549,2917,3046]" box="[1508,2041,2917,2967]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<heading id="9F638192FF856A3AFA189D3C19F9B0A5" box="[1508,2041,2917,2967]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF856A3AFA189D3C19F9B0A5" ID-CoL="4VY5D" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1508,2041,2917,2967]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF856A3AF7C29D3C178BB0A5" box="[2110,2443,2917,2967]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF856A3AF7C29D3C178BB0A5" blockId="126.[1405,2549,2917,3046]" box="[2110,2443,2917,2967]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<heading id="9F638192FF856A3AF7C29D3C178BB0A5" box="[2110,2443,2917,2967]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF7C29D3C178BB0A5" ID-CoL="4VY5D" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[2110,2443,2917,2967]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF856A3AF7C29D3C178BB0A5" box="[2110,2443,2917,2967]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">Scotophilus heathii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF856A3AFA839DF117F5B0D7" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF856A3AFA839DF1179FB08F" blockId="126.[1405,2549,2917,3046]" box="[1407,2463,2984,3005]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<heading id="9F638192FF856A3AFA839DF1179FB08F" box="[1407,2463,2984,3005]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF856A3AFA839DF11BCBB08F" bold="true" box="[1407,1483,2984,3005]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF856A3AFA289DF1189EB08F" ID-CoL="4VY5D" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1492,1694,2984,3005]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">Scotophile de Heath</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF856A3AF9489DF1190EB08F" bold="true" box="[1716,1806,2984,3005]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF856A3AF8EB9DF1166CB08F" ID-CoL="4VY5D" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1815,2156,2984,3005]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF856A3AF8EB9DF11941B08F" ID-CoL="4VY5D" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1815,1857,2984,3005]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">Grol</vernacularName>
3e Asiatische Hausfledermaus
</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF856A3AF77D9DF116DCB08F" bold="true" box="[2177,2268,2984,3005]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF856A3AF71A9DF1179FB08F" ID-CoL="4VY5D" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[2278,2463,2984,3005]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">Scotofilo de Heath</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF856A3AFA839D8917F5B0D7" blockId="126.[1405,2549,2917,3046]" box="[1407,2549,3024,3045]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<heading id="9F638192FF856A3AFA839D8917F5B0D7" box="[1407,2549,3024,3045]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF856A3AFA839D891876B0D7" bold="true" box="[1407,1654,3024,3045]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF856A3AF9829D8919C8B0D7" ID-CoL="4VY5D" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1662,1992,3024,3045]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">Asiatic Greater Yellow House Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF856A3AF8299D89169FB0D7" ID-CoL="4VY5D" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[2005,2207,3024,3045]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">Common Yellow Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF856A3AF7519D8917F5B0D7" ID-CoL="4VY5D" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[2221,2549,3024,3045]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">Greater Asiatic Yellow House Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF856A3AFA829A4B19E8B701" box="[1406,2024,3090,3123]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF856A3AFA829A4B19E8B701" blockId="126.[1405,2612,3090,3212]" box="[1406,2024,3090,3123]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF856A3AFA829A4B1819B701" bold="true" box="[1406,1561,3090,3123]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF9DA9A4B19E3B701" authority="Horsfield, 1831" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1831" box="[1574,2019,3090,3123]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticejus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathit">Nycticejus heathit Horsfield, 1831</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF856A3AF8089A4B16BBB701" box="[2036,2235,3090,3123]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF856A3AF8089A4B16BBB701" blockId="126.[1405,2612,3090,3212]" box="[2036,2235,3090,3123]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF856A3AF8089A4B16BBB701" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319334" box="[2036,2235,3090,3123]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
Madras,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF856A3AF7909A4B16B7B701" box="[2156,2231,3090,3123]" name="India" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">India</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF856A3BFA7C9A631AB4B934" lastPageId="127" lastPageNumber="886" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF856A3BFA7C9A631AB4B934" blockId="126.[1405,2612,3090,3212]" lastBlockId="127.[776,1370,288,715]" lastPageId="127" lastPageNumber="886" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFA7C9A63186FB769" box="[1408,1647,3130,3163]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus heathii</taxonomicName>
is genetically close to S.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF8409A631646B769" authorityName="Goodman, Jenkins &amp; Ratrimomanarivo" authorityYear="2005" box="[1980,2118,3130,3163]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tandrefana">tandrefana</taxonomicName>
and S. marovazain
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF856A3AF6AD9A6317F6B769" box="[2385,2550,3130,3163]" name="Madagascar" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and S. leucogasterin sub-Saharan Africa, being embedded in the African
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF6DD9A3817AEB7B0" box="[2337,2478,3169,3202]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName>
clade unrelated to the widespread Asiatic species S.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF846A3BFCD3971E1D7ABA5A" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1821" box="[815,890,327,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kuhlii">kuhlii</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF846A3BFC6C971E1A80BA5A" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[912,1152,327,360]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heathii">Scotophilus heathii</taxonomicName>
might include S.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF846A3BFCD6972A1D9DBAA2" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1928" box="[810,925,371,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">celebensis</taxonomicName>
. Three subspecies (heath,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF846A3BFAE7972A1D41BA8A" authorityName="Hall &amp; Jones" authorityYear="1961" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Lasiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">insularis</taxonomicName>
, and watkinst) have been recognized, but there is no well-defined distribution for any subspecies. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="90EB6676FF856A3AFF7E9A86175DB6A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398541/files/figure.png" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" startId="126.[130,160,3295,3320]" targetBox="[11,2762,17,3657]" targetPageId="125">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF856A3AFF7E9A86175DB6A4" blockId="126.[128,2576,3295,3483]" pageId="126" pageNumber="885">
On following pages: 272. SulawesiYellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFD799A861D80B7CA" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1928" box="[645,896,3295,3320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">Scotophilus celebensis</taxonomicName>
); 273. Nut-colored Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFB2F9A861B82B7CA" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1904" box="[1235,1410,3295,3320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nux">Scotophilus nux</taxonomicName>
); 274. Malagasy Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF9459A8619B5B7CA" authorityName="Goodman, Jenkins &amp; Ratrimomanarivo" authorityYear="2005" box="[1721,1973,3295,3320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tandrefana">Scotophilus tandrefana</taxonomicName>
); 275.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF7FF9A8616B4B7CA" authority="Yellow" authorityName="Yellow" box="[2051,2228,3295,3320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marovaza">Marovaza Yellow</taxonomicName>
Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF70C9A8617DFB7CA" box="[2288,2527,3295,3320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="887" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marovaza">Scotophilus marovaza</taxonomicName>
); 276. White-bellied Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFE329B521CD5B612" box="[462,725,3339,3360]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucogaster">Scotophilus leucogaster</taxonomicName>
); 277. East African Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFBDA9B521AE4B612" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1914" box="[1062,1252,3339,3360]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altilis">Scotophilus altilis</taxonomicName>
); 278. Robust Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF9FF9B5218EAB612" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1881" box="[1539,1770,3339,3360]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">Scotophilus robustus</taxonomicName>
); 279. LesserYellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF7FA9B521707B612" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[2054,2311,3339,3360]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="borbonicus">Scotophilus borbonicus</taxonomicName>
); 280. Eastern Greenish Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFEFF9B771FCAB675" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1852" box="[259,458,3374,3399]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">Scotophilus viridis</taxonomicName>
); 281. Ejeta’s Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFD1D9B771D5FB675" box="[737,863,3374,3399]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName>
ejetal); 282. Schreber’s Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFB149B771BB4B675" baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1256,1460,3374,3399]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="891" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrita">Scotophilus nigrita</taxonomicName>
); 283. Robbins’s Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF9129B7719C2B675" authorityName="Robbins" authorityYear="1983" box="[1774,1986,3374,3399]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="889" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nucella">Scotophilus nucella</taxonomicName>
); 284. Andrew Rebori’s Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF6B69B7717C9B675" box="[2378,2505,3374,3399]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName>
andrewreboril); 285. Western Greenish Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFD489B0C1DA5B65C" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1899" box="[692,933,3413,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigritellus">Scotophilus nigritellus</taxonomicName>
); 286. Livingstone's Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFAFA9B0C1801B65C" authorityName="Brooks &amp; Bickham" authorityYear="2014" box="[1286,1537,3413,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="livingstonii">Scotophilus livingstonii</taxonomicName>
); 287. Trujillo's Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF8DE9B0C19A1B65C" box="[1826,1953,3413,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName>
trujillo); 288. African Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF6F39B0C17EBB65C" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[2319,2539,3413,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dinganii">Scotophilus dinganii</taxonomicName>
); 289. Eritrean Yellow Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFE689B241C13B6A4" box="[404,531,3453,3478]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Scotophilus</taxonomicName>
colias); 290. North American Evening Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFC119B241AD0B6A4" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1818" box="[1005,1232,3453,3478]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="humeralis">Nycticeius humeralis</taxonomicName>
); 291. Cuban Evening Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AFA059B2418CEB6A4" baseAuthorityName="Gundlach" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1529,1742,3453,3478]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubanus">Nycticeius cubanus</taxonomicName>
); 292. Temminck’'s Mysterious Bat (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF7A59B2416CAB6A4" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1819" box="[2137,2250,3453,3478]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nycticeius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nycticeius</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF856A3AF72E9B241752B6A4" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" box="[2258,2386,3453,3478]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="885" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aenobarbus">aenobarbus</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF846A3BFCF494551DE9B9C1" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF846A3BFCF494551DE9B9C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398386/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" targetBox="[161,751,300,713]" targetPageId="127">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF846A3BFCF494551DE9B9C1" blockId="127.[776,1370,288,715]" lastBlockId="127.[164,1376,722,2926]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF846A3BFCF494551DB8B91F" bold="true" box="[776,952,524,557]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Distribution.</emphasis>
NE
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,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFB2094551B52B91F" box="[1244,1362,524,557]" name="Pakistan" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFCF5946D1D53B967" box="[777,851,564,597]" name="India" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFC95946D1DF4B967" box="[873,1012,564,597]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFBF5946D1A5DB967" box="[1033,1117,564,597]" name="Nepal" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFB8F946D1ADCB967" box="[1139,1244,564,597]" name="Bhutan" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFB0C946D1D4CB94E" name="Bangladesh" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
, SC &amp; SE
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFC1494061A3CB94E" box="[1000,1084,607,636]" name="China" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF846A3BFBA994061AC4B94E" box="[1109,1220,607,636]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF846A3BFB2494061B51B94E" box="[1240,1361,607,636]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF846A3BFCF594DB1DB2B991" box="[777,946,642,675]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF846A3BFBFA94DB1A5FB991" box="[1030,1119,642,675]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Fujian</collectingRegion>
) including
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF846A3BFAF794DB1D2AB9F9" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Hainan</collectingRegion>
I,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFCA794EB1DDFB9F9" box="[859,991,690,715]" name="Myanmar" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFC0894EB1A75B9F9" box="[1012,1141,690,715]" name="Thailand" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFB7794EB1ACDB9F9" box="[1163,1229,690,715]" name="Laos" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFB1C94EB1B57B9F9" box="[1248,1367,690,715]" name="Vietnam" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(including Cat Ba and Phu Quoc Is), and N &amp; E
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFCAE948B1DE4B9C1" box="[850,996,722,755]" name="Cambodia" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF846A3BFF58955B1C1EBE89" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF846A3BFF58955B1C1EBE89" blockId="127.[164,1376,722,2926]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF846A3BFF58955B1F9FB829" bold="true" box="[164,415,770,795]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head—body
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFDA7955B1CF1B829" box="[603,753,770,795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="mm" value="80.0" valueMax="93.0" valueMin="67.0">67-93 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFCC5955B1DD0B829" box="[825,976,770,795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.2" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="mm" value="57.5" valueMax="72.0" valueMin="43.0">43-72 mm</quantity>
, ear 13-20-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFB89955B1ACCB829" box="[1141,1228,770,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFF5995781F29B870" box="[165,297,801,834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">9-15 mm</quantity>
, forearm
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFE4995781C49B870" box="[437,585,801,834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="mm" value="62.0" valueMax="69.0" valueMin="55.0">55-69 mm</quantity>
; weight
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFD3C95781D2EB870" box="[704,814,801,834]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="g" value="41.0" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="29.0">29-53 g</quantity>
. Pelage is fine and short. Dorsal pelage is dark orange to reddish brown, sometimes chestnut-brown (hair bases pale buffy brown, with darker olive-brown tips); venter is paler brownish or khaki, usually with distinct yellowish tint and occasionally reddish or golden yellow. Membranes and bare skin are dark brown. Muzzle is broad and blunt, with swollen glands on both sides and simple nostrils. Ears are small, with transverse ridges; antitragus is separated from posterior margin of ear by distinct notch and well developed; tragus is one-half the ear length and is crescent-shaped, with basal notch. Tail extends c¢.
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFBE1926C1A85BF64" box="[1053,1157,1077,1110]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 mm</quantity>
past margin of uropatagium. Baculum is small and bluntly triangular in dorsal view but very thin in lateral view, and base is barely bulged. Skull is robust, with elongated and deep braincase; lambdoid crests are well developed; rostrum is short and broad; sagittal crest is variably developed but most defined posteriorly (especially in old males), bifurcates in interorbital region, and extends to front of orbits; zygomatic arches are moderately flattened; tympanic bullae are small; condylo-canine lengths are 19-21-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFB4B937B1B0FBE71" box="[1207,1295,1314,1347]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
; I* is large, robust, and unicuspid; P* is large and is two-thirds C' height; P, is very small and tightly compressed in tooth row; P, is well developed and about two-thirds C, height. Diploid number is 2n = 36.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF846A3BFF5A93991FE5BD03" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF846A3BFF5A93991FE5BD03" blockId="127.[164,1376,722,2926]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF846A3BFF5A93991F15BED3" bold="true" box="[166,277,1472,1505]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Habitat.</emphasis>
Urban areas and forested habitats from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFB1493991B54BED3" box="[1256,1364,1472,1505]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
. Greater Asiatic Yellow Bats forage in forest clearings, at forest edges, over fields, and in other open habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF846A3BFF5B906F1AF3BDFC" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF846A3BFF5B906F1AF3BDFC" blockId="127.[164,1376,722,2926]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF846A3BFF5B906F1FACBD65" bold="true" box="[167,428,1590,1623]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Greater Asiatic Yellow Bats appear to forage by aerial hawking and usually fly less than
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFE3B90071C1DBD4D" box="[455,541,1630,1663]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 m</quantity>
aboveground. When pursuing prey, they can be less than
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFF5B90DC1EF9BD94" box="[167,249,1669,1702]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="m" value="2.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.0">0-5 m</quantity>
aboveground and fly mostly straight with few twists and turns. They fly a few hundred meters from their roosts before returning using the same flight path.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF846A3BFF5B908D1DA5B39A" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF846A3BFF5B908D1DA5B39A" blockId="127.[164,1376,722,2926]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF846A3BFF5B908D1F2DBDC7" bold="true" box="[167,301,1748,1781]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Breeding.</emphasis>
Greater Asiatic Yellow Bats breed once a year. Copulation occurs in the second week of Novemberin Kerala and January-February in Uttar Pradesh. During the breeding season, males form harems of 2-6 females. Testes of Pakistani males increased in size from September to October; spermatogenesis peaks in November when testes double in size. There is also evidence of sperm storage in females, and ovulation and fertilization occurred after sperm was stored until the last week of December. Gestation reportedly lasts 115 days in Uttar Pradesh, births occurred in earlyJuly, lactation lasted 2-3 weeks, and weaning coincided with increased insect abundance at the beginning of monsoon season. Births in Kerala occurred in April-May. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFB319E491B56B303" box="[1229,1366,2064,2097]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, pregnant females were reported in September—October. They give birth to 1-2 young. At birth, young weigh c.
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFE079E061C29B3B2" box="[507,553,2143,2176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="g" value="5.0">5 g</quantity>
and developed quickly, reaching c.
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF846A3BFBE19E061A5DB3B2" box="[1053,1117,2143,2176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" unit="g" value="20.0">20 g</quantity>
by three weeks of age. Females seem to reach maturity faster than males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF846A3BFF5A9EF71D93B28E" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF846A3BFF5A9EF71D93B28E" blockId="127.[164,1376,722,2926]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF846A3BFF5A9EF71F90B3FD" bold="true" box="[166,400,2222,2255]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
The Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat roosts in crevices, hollows in buildings, roofs of houses, tree hollows, crowns of palm leaf stems, and under leaves of palmyra trees. They leave roosts a little after sunset (6-26 minutes in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF846A3BFC049EA41A47B22C" box="[1016,1095,2301,2334]" name="India" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">India</collectingCountry>
), generally not exiting during heavy rain. Call shape is FM sweep. In the Western Ghats,
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, average start frequency was 56-7 kHz (43-2-83-8 kHz), average end frequency was 37-7 kHz (33-8-43 kHz), average peak frequency was 41-2 kHz (37-4-59-6 kHz), and average duration was 2-7 milliseconds (2-2-3-5 milliseconds).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF846A3BFF549F9B1DBFB100" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF846A3BFF549F9B1DBFB100" blockId="127.[164,1376,722,2926]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF846A3BFF549F9B1D7AB2D1" bold="true" box="[168,890,2498,2531]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
Greater Asiatic Yellow Bats roost alone or in colonies that usually have less than 50 individuals and are sexually segregated except during breeding when males form harems.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF846A3BFF559C611F0FB198" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF846A3BFF559C611F0FB198" blockId="127.[164,1376,722,2926]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF846A3BFF559C611C05B16B" bold="true" box="[169,517,2616,2649]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List. The Greater Asiatic Yellow Bat is widespread and common;it does not seem to face any
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF846A3BFAF09C391B5FB1B3" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[1292,1375,2656,2689]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
threats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF846A3BFF569CEE1B20B05C" pageId="127" pageNumber="886" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF846A3BFF569CEE1B20B05C" blockId="127.[164,1376,722,2926]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF846A3BFF569CEE1F41B1E2" bold="true" box="[170,321,2743,2768]" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Bates &amp; Harrison (1997), Bates, Csorba, Molur &amp; Srinivasulu (2008b), Benda &amp; Gaisler (2015), Bhatnagar &amp; Srivastava (1974), Das (2003), Francis (2008a), Krishna (2011), Krishna &amp; Abhilasha (2000), Kruskop (2013a), Nargis et al. (2016), Rahman, Perveen, Rauf, Salim, Ali, Khan &amp; Kamal (2015), Roy &amp; Krishna (2011, 2012), Shahbaz, Javid, Mahmood-ul-Hassan, Hussain (2014), Sharma et al. (1974), Siddiqi (1960), Smith &amp; Xie Yan (2008), Srinivasulu &amp; Srinivasulu (2012),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF846A3BFDF89D0C1C46B05C" box="[516,582,2901,2926]" country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
(2006),
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF846A3BFD609D0C1CDEB05C" box="[668,734,2901,2926]" country="Venezuela" name="Trujillo" pageId="127" pageNumber="886">Trujillo</collectingRegion>
et al. (2009), Vanitharani (2006), Wordley et al. (2014).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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