220 lines
26 KiB
XML
220 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="04F4AA28EE815F5475F221FCD1056A75" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF736ACCFF44953A18FDBA58" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Phoniscus papuensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="896" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="896" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="B2DCB008C909B0FE451D6A3BE2E0A8D8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9811F51D3CE25BD9317F09DFB0A9C278">
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<mods:title id="88EC750966B99008DFF016866CFD3B5E">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="380672127F1210EA4AE62BAE623B70F4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8818867F1CB5507F2DF17407AFD122FC">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C3A83BD0ADB02E59125EB055378B6DA">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="135DBB823AC5C9E55A3E58319761A514">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="2692C3891C3E90BD8E86175213FCB3F2" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="850F30596FA01412663971FB2FABEDB1">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="BD70963137B4438F30BAA242C26A9060">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7D628B4F4F071EBB889E8D9AD8C4B406">
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<mods:title id="9B1D1A164EA8E2743F35F1BD246D5F57">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="91B69EE0103F1D044FB1C3E1C21B5A90">
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<mods:start id="5728DB89DC1C615D72249DD31A69960F">716</mods:start>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF736ACCFF44953A18FDBA58" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6576695" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6576695" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF736ACCFF44953A18FDBA58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF736ACCFF44953A18FDBA58" lastPageNumber="896" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFF44953A1F0BB8A7" box="[184,267,867,917]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFF44953A1F0BB8A7" blockId="136.[182,1108,867,958]" box="[184,267,867,917]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<heading id="9F638192FF736ACCFF44953A1F0BB8A7" box="[184,267,867,917]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF736ACCFF44953A1F0BB8A7" box="[184,267,867,917]" captionStart="Plate 67: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="135.[114,144,3260,3285]" captionTargetBox="[11,2751,19,3659]" captionTargetPageId="134" captionText="293. Groove-toothed Trumpet-eared Bat (Phoniscus atrox), 294. Peters’s Trumpet-eared Bat (Phoniscus jagorii), 295. Dubious Trumpet-eared Bat (Phoniscus aerosus), 296. Golden-tipped Bat (Phonuscus papuensis), 297. Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula hardwickii), 298. Flatskulled Woolly Bat (Kerivoula depressa), 299. Sri Lankan Woolly Bat (Kerivoula malpasi), 300. Cryptic Woolly Bat (Kerivoula crypta), 301. Dark Woolly Bat (Kerivoula furva), 302. Kachin Woolly Bat (Kerivoula kachinensis), 303. Indochinese Woolly Bat (Kerivoula dongduongana), 304. Krau Woolly Bat (Kerwoula krauensis), 305. Titania’s Woolly Bat (Kerwoula titania), 306. Least Woolly Bat (Kerivoula minuta), 307. Small Woolly Bat (Kerivoula intermedia), 308. Papillose Woolly Bat (Kerivoula papillosa), 309. Lenis Woolly Bat (Kerivoula lenis), 310. Clear-winged Woolly Bat (Kerivoula pellucida), 311. Painted Woolly Bat (Kerwoula picta), 312. Whitehead’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula whiteheadi), 313. Flores Woolly Bat (Kerivoula flora), 314. Fly River Woolly Bat (Kerivoula muscina), 315. Saint Aignan’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula agnella), 316. Bismarck Woolly Bat (Kerwoula myrella), 317. Lesser Woolly Bat (Kerivoula lanosa), 318. Ethiopian Woolly Bat (Kerwoula eriophora), 319. Tanzanian Woolly Bat (Kerwwoula africana), 320. Smith’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula smithii), 321. Coppery Woolly Bat (Kerivoula cuprosa), 322. Spurrell’s Woolly Bat (Kerivoula phalaena), 323. Damara Woolly Bat (Kerwoula argentata)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398545/files/figure.png" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">296.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFEE0953A1C9DB8A7" box="[284,669,867,917]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFEE0953A1C9DB8A7" blockId="136.[182,1108,867,958]" box="[284,669,867,917]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<heading id="9F638192FF736ACCFEE0953A1C9DB8A7" box="[284,669,867,917]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCFEE0953A1C9DB8A7" ID-CoL="4GQ7Q" authority="(Dobson, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[284,669,867,917]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">Golden-tipped Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFD1E953A1A52B8A7" box="[738,1106,867,917]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFD1E953A1A52B8A7" blockId="136.[182,1108,867,958]" box="[738,1106,867,917]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<heading id="9F638192FF736ACCFD1E953A1A52B8A7" box="[738,1106,867,917]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCFD1E953A1A52B8A7" ID-CoL="4GQ7Q" authority="(Dobson, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[738,1106,867,917]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFD1E953A1A52B8A7" box="[738,1106,867,917]" italics="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Phoniscus papuensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFF4B95FE1A26B88E" box="[183,1062,935,956]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFF4B95FE1A26B88E" blockId="136.[182,1108,867,958]" box="[183,1062,935,956]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<heading id="9F638192FF736ACCFF4B95FE1A26B88E" box="[183,1062,935,956]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFF4B95FE1F03B88E" bold="true" box="[183,259,935,956]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCFEF095FE1FB7B88E" ID-CoL="4GQ7Q" authority="(Dobson, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[268,439,935,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">Kérivoule papoue</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFE3095FE1C27B88E" bold="true" box="[460,551,935,956]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCFDCD95FE1D00B88E" ID-CoL="4GQ7Q" authority="(Dobson, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[561,768,935,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">Papua-Trompetenohr</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFCE895FE1D6FB88E" bold="true" box="[788,879,935,956]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCFC8595FE1A26B88E" ID-CoL="4GQ7Q" authority="(Dobson, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[889,1062,935,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF736ACCFC8595FE1DC3B88E" ID-CoL="4GQ7Q" authority="(Dobson, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[889,963,935,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">Fonisco</vernacularName>
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de
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCFC1095FE1A26B88E" box="[1004,1062,935,956]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Papua</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFCE695B41D64BF03" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFCE695B41D64BF03" blockId="136.[794,1387,1005,1428]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFCE695B41DB6BF38" bold="true" box="[794,950,1005,1034]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCFC3395B41D5FBF03" ID-CoL="3R625" authority="Dobson, 1878" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">Kerivoula papuensis Dobson, 1878</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFC8A92411B27BF6B" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFC8A92411B27BF6B" blockId="136.[794,1387,1005,1428]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF736ACCFC8A92411B27BF6B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319605" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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“Port Moresby [Central Province], New
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFC9E92611DC8BF6B" box="[866,968,1080,1113]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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[=
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFC0592611B0DBF6B" box="[1017,1293,1080,1113]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFCE692061B0DBF95" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFCE692061B0DBF95" blockId="136.[794,1387,1005,1428]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCFCE692061A24BFB2" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[794,1060,1119,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Phoniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">Phoniscus papuensis</taxonomicName>
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is occasionally still included under
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCFC1F92DF1A60BF95" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1842" box="[995,1120,1158,1191]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Kerivoula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Kerivoula</taxonomicName>
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. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFCE692EB1DCDBE77" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF736ACCFCE692EB1DCDBE77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398440" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398440/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" targetBox="[180,771,1009,1424]" targetPageId="136">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFCE692EB1DCDBE77" blockId="136.[794,1387,1005,1428]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFCE692EB1DCABFFD" bold="true" box="[794,970,1202,1231]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Biak I, E New
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFB4092EB1B23BFFD" box="[1212,1315,1202,1231]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFAC692EB1A2BBFC4" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCFBB4928C1AF6BFC4" box="[1096,1270,1237,1270]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">New Britain</collectingRegion>
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I), and E
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFCC793581DB8BE2C" box="[827,952,1281,1310]" name="Australia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Australia</collectingCountry>
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in E
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCFBED93581ABBBE2C" box="[1041,1211,1281,1310]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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and E
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCFAD193581DC9BE77" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFCE693121B5ABC74" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFCE693121B5ABC74" blockId="136.[794,1387,1005,1428]" lastBlockId="136.[177,1391,1434,3479]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFCE693121A2EBE5E" bold="true" box="[794,1070,1355,1388]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 41-5
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCFA9C93121D8BBEA6" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
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, tail 36-7-42-
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCFB9C932E1AC0BEA6" box="[1120,1216,1399,1428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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, ear 13.-916-
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCFF1E93C31F34BE89" box="[226,308,1434,1467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCFE3B93C31C48BE89" box="[455,584,1434,1467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="7.0">7-11 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 34-6-40-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCFCB493C31D99BE89" box="[840,921,1434,1467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 5-3-11-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCFB9293C31A9CBE89" box="[1134,1180,1434,1467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="g" value="2.0">2 g</quantity>
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||
. Pelage is long and curly. Dorsal pelage is dark brown, with bright golden frosting (hairs tipped with bright gold) that extends along wing, leg, and tail bones and abundantly onto uropatagium; venteris a little lighter and grayer, with pale gray-brown hairs and white tips. Bare skin is brown. Muzzle is narrow, with conspicuously pointed nose that overhangs lower jaw. Ears are funnel-shaped and have very long, straight, and distinctly white tragus with sharply pointed tip and basal notch on posterior edge. Tail is very long, and calcar is long, strong, and curved backward; wings are attached to bases of toes and are abnormally large for the size of the Golden-tipped Bat, which allows a high degree ofagility. Crown ofskull is highly domed. C' is long and sheathed into pocket in lower lip when mouth is closed, canines have longitudinal groove, and I, is reduced compared with IL,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFF4B91151C90B33E" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFF4B91151C90B33E" blockId="136.[177,1391,1434,3479]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFF4B91151F26BC5F" bold="true" box="[183,294,1868,1901]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primarily rainforests with well-developed overstories of eucalyptus and brushbox and lacking developed subcanopies and also tall open forests, dry and wet sclerophyll forests, riparian forests dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCFCB891C21ABCBC8E" box="[836,1212,1947,1980]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina (Casuarinaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF736ACCFF44919A1FE9BCD6" box="[184,489,1987,2020]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Melaleuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Melaleuca (Myrtaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
forests, and inside houses at edges of residential areas from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCFDE291B21C8BB33E" box="[542,651,2027,2060]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFF4A9E4B1D03B2A4" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFF4A9E4B1D03B2A4" blockId="136.[177,1391,1434,3479]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFF4A9E4B1FC5B301" bold="true" box="[182,453,2066,2099]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Golden-tipped Bats are very specialized to feed on orb-weaving spiders. They typically forage in a 2-km radius inside rainforest gullies or various vegetation cluttered habitats where orb-weaving spiders are most common. They are very maneuverable fliers and can to hover in flight, which might be advantageous when foraging for spiders. Spiders make up 99% of diets in most studies that analyzed stomach contents and fecal samples throughout the year. Freshly eaten spiders in stomach samples were fairly intact, suggesting that they are sucked dry before soft abdomens were swallowed. Small quantities of insects also were occasionally found in stomachs and feces, including beetles, moths, and traces offlies and true bugs. Balls of spider webs have been reported in fecal samples.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFF4B9FC51B21B1B0" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFF4B9FC51B21B1B0" blockId="136.[177,1391,1434,3479]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFF4B9FC51F3EB28F" bold="true" box="[183,318,2460,2493]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFE899FC51FF4B28F" box="[373,500,2460,2493]" name="Australia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, males have enlarged testes in February-April (one record in September near Cairns,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF736ACCFDF19F9D1CBEB2D7" box="[525,702,2500,2533]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
). Most females captured in November in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFB039F9D1ECFB13E" name="Australia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
are pregnant, and one young is born in November—January. Lactating females were captured in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFE949C4B1FE5B101" box="[360,485,2578,2611]" name="Australia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
in December—February; by January-February, females stopped lactating and weaned young, and thefirst volant young appeared. Each year, c¢.5% of females did not bred. In New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFDA19C381CC4B1B0" box="[605,708,2657,2690]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a pregnant female was caught in mid-May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFF4A9CD11AFDB0D7" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFF4A9CD11AFDB0D7" blockId="136.[177,1391,1434,3479]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFF4A9CD11FA2B19B" bold="true" box="[182,418,2696,2729]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFE2F9CD11C52B19B" box="[467,594,2696,2729]" name="Australia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Golden-tipped Bats appear to roost most often in abandoned nests of yellow-throated scrubwrens (Sericornis citreogularis) and brown gerygones (Gerygone mouki), which are domed, made of bark fibers, moss, and lichen, and suspended from thin vines and twigs. They also roost in tree hollows and among leaves and epiphytes, and males are known to burrow under clumps of hanging epiphytic moss. All roosts have an entry hole that are made by the bat. In New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFB4B9D171B1EB05D" box="[1207,1310,2894,2927]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, they are known to roost in dead palm fronds, dense foliage with orange to red leaves, and houses. Calls are very steep and long FM sweep, allowing fine detail and texture detection that are very importantto find spiders in webs without getting entangled.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFF449DB21AA9B7B1" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFF449DB21AA9B7B1" blockId="136.[177,1391,1434,3479]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFF449DB21D77B73E" bold="true" box="[184,887,3051,3084]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Golden-tipped Bats generally roost alone or in small groups and change roosts every 1-4 days, usually about every day. They do not travel far from roost to roost (average c.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF736ACCFC769A631DE1B769" box="[906,993,3130,3163]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" unit="m" value="350.0">350 m</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFBF09A631A90B769" box="[1036,1168,3130,3163]" name="Australia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
). During breeding season, females form maternity colonies of 5-20 females and young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFF459AD01B45B675" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFF459AD01B45B675" blockId="136.[177,1391,1434,3479]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFF459AD01C0EB798" bold="true" box="[185,526,3209,3242]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Goldentipped Batis difficult to find and poorly represented in museums; however, with the more recent use of harp traps,it is more commonly reported. It is widespread butis likely threatened by deforestation from logging and agriculture. Changesin fire regimes and predation from introduced predators (e.g. cats) are possible threats in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF736ACCFB399B7F1B41B675" box="[1221,1345,3366,3399]" name="Australia" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF736ACCFF469B0E18FDBA58" pageId="136" pageNumber="896" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF736ACCFF469B0E18FDBA58" blockId="136.[177,1391,1434,3479]" lastBlockId="136.[1457,2658,299,363]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF736ACCFF469B0E1F53B642" bold="true" box="[186,339,3415,3440]" pageId="136" pageNumber="896">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bonaccorso (1998), Churchill (2008), Flannery (1995a, 1995b), Hill (1965b), Hutson, Schlitter, Csorba, Hall, Lunney & Hamilton (2008), Law & Chidel (2004), Lunney & Barker (1986), Rhodes (1995), Ryan (1965), Schulz (1995a, 1995b, 2000a, 2000b), Schulz & Eyre (2000), Schulz & Wainer (1997), Walton et al. (1992), Woodside et al. (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |