plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/4C/3D/87/4C3D87E8FF466AF9FF8395DF1985B8A7.xml

290 lines
35 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="280A6E9610B4B9D0991444581859ED61" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson &amp; Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF466AF9FF8395DF1985B8A7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis tricolor" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="951" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="951" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
<mods:mods id="4087EA761573EE1D084C8871F6857B4B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D954A52658B34D0B9744C6E7349996D5">
<mods:title id="7C8CE95F3219E3D0F6945A574C4F2D19">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9E78CD2992F39880E9CFA6FA7633D974" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4BF9B349BBBD2F2BDC5AD3D4B9743F95">
<mods:roleTerm id="142787E9DA7BF7FBC000B8D688115F18">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="024D6AE0F77C2AA3EB884F04E301909B">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="31A9B90F044464C767F7E2A114382188" type="personal">
<mods:role id="80BA4DA4D6941A2B9B3C62ED26AC310E">
<mods:roleTerm id="2DF3635657E206C587626E0A66BE860C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B41BB4D337BADC16E59222FB5F9F92D2">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="10BE5AF5FDCA74533C8256E6FCA7C113">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="BB6A6E8D6E9DCF49B21B85FDAFA66D5D" type="host">
<mods:originInfo id="F8A2A2B9D447FE0AC06ABBC4BFA7AEEF">
<mods:dateIssued id="DFC1E42BE281EBC1262DB98E2DBD25D9">2019</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:dateOther id="5F3888D59C02A34C638ED56FEFBD8E9E" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
<mods:publisher id="C6DCC2CBD5034A6DD3E666F69B07C7DE">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id="E439D86AAD438CAFFD8A1A6BFBC24BB0">
<mods:placeTerm id="89191B09A203995F01012E797F29DBBC">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
</mods:place>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:titleInfo id="68ABB4BCA6C2292E2934735EC9D04439">
<mods:title id="940A2CF809B1394F7E63DE244D02A75C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8309F31FC72B4B3DE5F5A5753092B7E1">
<mods:extent id="827C554255B7016FC977290570D1A6B5" unit="page">
<mods:start id="95720899E23EE2A4775B57B5A2784CFA">716</mods:start>
<mods:end id="530BD0886A96E6977044E3DA68B848D0">981</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="0EE0E032229230389BF9584B4BCA58B7">book chapter</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A63649EA161702C7F14C0C3648A33E67" type="CLB-Dataset">56755</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A05C2F0309069062748706C424AAD772" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6397752</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ECFC69D12BEBB9F390321F184A9BE714" type="GBIF-Dataset">45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6F3C1AEB5AC8397BB447083DB7EE4202" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B0F6D9DF4168F931D81F83F54C6FAA15" type="Zenodo-Dep">6397752</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF466AF9FF8395DF1985B8A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6567115" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628164" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6567115" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF466AF9FF8395DF1985B8A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF466AF9FF8395DF1985B8A7" lastPageNumber="951" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF8395DF1ED1B88A" box="[127,209,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF8395DF1ED1B88A" blockId="189.[124,1284,902,1070]" box="[127,209,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<heading id="9F638192FF466AF9FF8395DF1ED1B88A" box="[127,209,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF466AF9FF8395DF1ED1B88A" box="[127,209,902,952]" captionStart="Plate 72: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="187.[130,160,3289,3314]" captionTargetBox="[13,2763,20,3661]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="420. Herman's Myotis (Myotis hermani), 421. Bartels’s Myotis (Myotis bartelii), 422. Weber’s Myotis (Myotis weberi), 423. Orange-fingered Myotis (Myotis rufopictus), 424. Black-and-orange Myotis (Myotis formosus), 425. Geoftroy’s Myotis (Myotis emarginatus), 426. Temminck's. 3 Myotis (Myotis tricolor), 427. Welwitsch’s Myotis (Myotis welwitschii), 428. Reddish-black Myotis (Myotis rufoniger), 429. Scott's Myotis (Myotis scotti), 430. Morris's Myotis (Myotis morrisi), 431. Bocage’ Myotis (Myotis bocagii), 432. Malagasy Myotis (Myotis goudotii), 433. Anjouan Myotis (Myotis anjouanensis), 434. Kock’s Myotis (Myotis dieteri), 435. Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis (Myotis alcathoe), 436. Hyrcanian Myotis (Myotis hyrcanicus), 437. Pond Myotis (Myotis dasycneme), 438. Ikonnikov’ ' s Myotis (Myotis tkonnikovi), 439. Sichuan Myous (Myotis altarium), 440. Common Whiskered Myotis (Myotis mystacinus), 441. David’s Myotis (Myotis davidii), 442. Valley Myotis (Myotis ancricola), 443. Anna Tess’s Myotis (Myotis annatessae), 444. Gomantong Myotis (Myotis gomantongensis), 445. Peters’s Myotis (Myotis ater), 446. Nepalese Whiskered Myotis (Myotis muricola), 447. Brown’s Whiskered Myotis (Myotis browni), 448. Insular Myotis (Myotis insularum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398946/files/figure.png" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">426.</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF1E95DF1C72B88A" box="[226,626,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="vernacular_names">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FF1E95DF1C72B88A" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[226,626,902,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF1E95DF1FCCB8AE" blockId="189.[124,1284,902,1070]" box="[226,479,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<heading id="9F638192FF466AF9FF1E95DF1FCCB8AE" box="[226,479,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FF1E95DF1FCCB8AE" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[226,479,902,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FF1E95DF1FDFB88A" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[226,479,902,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">Temminck's</vernacularName>
. 3
</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FE1195DF1C72B88A" blockId="189.[124,1284,902,1070]" box="[493,626,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<heading id="9F638192FF466AF9FE1195DF1C72B88A" box="[493,626,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FE1195DF1C72B88A" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[493,626,902,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">Myotis</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</vernacularName>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FD5A95DF1DB3B88A" box="[678,947,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FD5A95DF1DB3B88A" blockId="189.[124,1284,902,1070]" box="[678,947,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<heading id="9F638192FF466AF9FD5A95DF1DB3B88A" box="[678,947,902,952]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FD5A95DF1DB3B88A" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[678,947,902,952]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FD5A95DF1DB3B88A" box="[678,947,902,952]" italics="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Myotis tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF8295931EEFBF1F" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF8295931DC0B8ED" blockId="189.[124,1284,902,1070]" box="[126,960,970,991]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<heading id="9F638192FF466AF9FF8295931DC0B8ED" box="[126,960,970,991]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FF8295931ECAB8ED" bold="true" box="[126,202,970,991]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FF2F95931F65B8ED" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[211,357,970,991]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">Murin tricolore</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FE8695931FD4B8ED" bold="true" box="[378,468,970,991]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FE2695931CA0B8ED" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[474,672,970,991]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">Temminck-Mausohr</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FD4895931D0FB8ED" bold="true" box="[692,783,970,991]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FCE695931DC0B8ED" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[794,960,970,991]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">Ratonero tricolor</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF8295AA1EEFBF1F" blockId="189.[124,1284,902,1070]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<heading id="9F638192FF466AF9FF8295AA1EEFBF1F" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FF8295AA1F74BF3A" bold="true" box="[126,372,1011,1032]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FE8295AA1C14BF3A" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[382,532,1011,1032]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF466AF9FE8295AA1FB0BF3A" box="[382,432,1011,1032]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Cape</collectingRegion>
Hairy Bat
</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FDDE95AA1CA0BF3A" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[546,672,1011,1032]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF466AF9FDDE95AA1C54BF3A" box="[546,596,1011,1032]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Cape</collectingRegion>
Myotis
</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FD5695AA1D84BF3A" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[682,900,1011,1032]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">Temminck’s Hairy Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FC7295AA1ABABF3A" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[910,1210,1011,1032]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">Temminck’s Mouse-eared Bat</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF466AF9FB3F95AA1EEFBF1F" ID-CoL="8LZWJ" baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">Threecolored Bat</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FD1D92071D98BF95" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FD1D92071D98BF95" blockId="189.[735,1329,1118,1546]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FD1D92071D7CBF4D" bold="true" box="[737,892,1118,1151]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FC7292071B0BBF4D" ID-CoL="8LJ8M" authority="Temminck" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1832" box="[910,1291,1118,1151]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">Vespertilio tricolor Temminck</taxonomicName>
in
<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFF466AF9FD1E92DF1D94BF95" box="[738,916,1158,1191]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Smuts, 1832</treatmentCitation>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FC5792DF1A23BFFC" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FC5792DF1A23BFFC" blockId="189.[735,1329,1118,1546]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF466AF9FC5792DF1A23BFFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319583" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF466AF9FC5792DF1DF2BF95" box="[939,1010,1158,1191]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Cape</collectingRegion>
Town,
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF466AF9FB9A92DF1D5EBFFC" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FC9292E81A1FBFFC" box="[878,1055,1201,1230]" name="South Africa" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FD1D928C1B28BD02" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FD1D928C1B28BD02" blockId="189.[735,1329,1118,1546]" lastBlockId="189.[115,1329,1551,3478]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
Subgenus
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FC75928C1A2BBFC4" box="[905,1067,1237,1270]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Chrysopteron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chrysopteron</taxonomicName>
. Recent genetic studies place this species as sister to
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FD1E937D1DB4BE77" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[738,948,1316,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emarginatus">M. emarginatus</taxonomicName>
, these two being close to
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FD1D930A1D7CBE5E" baseAuthorityName="A.Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[737,892,1363,1388]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goudotii">M. goudotii</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FC30930A1A3FBE5E" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1927" box="[972,1087,1363,1388]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scotti">M. scotti</taxonomicName>
; this subclade is related to another consisting of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FB58932A1B2BBEA6" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1188,1323,1395,1428]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocagii">M. bocagii</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FD1D93C31D85BE89" baseAuthorityName="Hodgson" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[737,901,1434,1467]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="950" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="formosus">M. formosus</taxonomicName>
, and M.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FBEA93C31A9EBE89" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1046,1182,1434,1467]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welwitschii">welwitschii</taxonomicName>
. A recent study revealed two clades within
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FB59939B1B2ABED1" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1832" box="[1189,1322,1474,1507]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">M. tricolor</taxonomicName>
, which might be taxonomically separable. The form loveni (Mount Elgon,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FDC690561C91BD02" box="[570,657,1551,1584]" name="Kenya" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Kenya</collectingCountry>
) is currently treated as a synomym. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF87906E1A8DBD4D" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="distribution">
<caption id="90EB6676FF466AF9FF87906E1A8DBD4D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398831" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398831/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" targetBox="[122,713,1129,1543]" targetPageId="189">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF87906E1A8DBD4D" blockId="189.[115,1329,1551,3478]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FF87906E1F2BBD6A" bold="true" box="[123,299,1591,1624]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Distribution.</emphasis>
Patchily distributed in sub-Saharan Africa: NW uplands of
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FB90906E1AD2BD6A" box="[1132,1234,1591,1624]" name="Liberia" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Liberia</collectingCountry>
; E &amp; S
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FF8090071F0FBD4D" box="[124,271,1630,1663]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FEA490071FC9BD4D" box="[344,457,1630,1663]" name="Rwanda" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
; and more widely from
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FCE490071D90BD4D" box="[792,912,1630,1663]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
to S
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FC2490071A89BD4D" box="[984,1161,1630,1663]" name="South Africa" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF8790D71D60B2D1" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="description">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF8790D71D60B2D1" blockId="189.[115,1329,1551,3478]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FF8790D71F78BD95" bold="true" box="[123,376,1678,1703]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Head-body
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FDC490D71CD2BD95" box="[568,722,1678,1703]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="58.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="51.0">51-65 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FCE390D71DB8BD95" box="[799,952,1678,1703]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="45.5" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="35.0">35-56 mm</quantity>
, ear
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FBF590D71A9FBD95" box="[1033,1183,1678,1703]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="13.0">13-19 mm</quantity>
, hindfoot
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FF8190F41F14BDFC" box="[125,276,1709,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10-13 mm</quantity>
, forearm
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FE5B90F41C40BDFC" box="[423,576,1709,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="53.0" valueMin="47.0">47-53 mm</quantity>
; weight
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FD4290F41D1FBDFC" box="[702,799,1709,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="g" value="12.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="8.0">8-16 g</quantity>
. Greatest lengths of skulls are 16-9- 19-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FF54908C1EFDBDC4" box="[168,253,1749,1782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
, maxillary tooth row 6:6-8-
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FD73908C1CEBBDC4" box="[655,747,1749,1782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
. Females are slightly larger than males. Long individual hairs stand away from the body, giving fur a soft feel; upperparts coppery-brown to rufous (dark hair bases and coppery-red tips); ventrally paler (hairs tricolored, creamy-fawn, with blackish-brown base and pale brown tip). Muzzle blackish brown. Ears brown and medium-sized,slightly emarginated in middle of outerside, with pointed tip; tragus long and narrow, about one-half ear length. Wing membranes blackish brown; sometimes particolored in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FD2891981D37BCD0" box="[724,823,1985,2018]" name="Malawi" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Malawi</collectingCountry>
, where they are blackish brown with reddish brown over finger bones and adjacent to body; these markings are faint compared to striking black-and-orange ones of Welwitsch’s
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FC629E491DF8B303" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[926,1016,2064,2097]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
(M.
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FBB59E491AD6B303" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[1097,1238,2064,2097]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welwitschii">welwitschii</taxonomicName>
); elsewhere, the wings are reported to have no markings. Membranesare attached to base of first toe; interfemoral membrane reddish brown and naked, posterior margin without fringe of bristle-like hairs; tail fully enclosed in uropatagium. Baculum is small and triangular, with indentation on basal side; tip rounded, not distinct from shaft, narrower than base, very slightly turned ventrally; basal lobe V-shaped, small, and rounded. Skull 1s comparatively large and robust, with weak zygomatic arches; braincase clearly inflated and rises well above rostrum, forming right angle at forehead; sagittal and lambdoid crests are weak or absent. P? and P? are small to very small, and internal to tooth row; P° reduced (reaching only slightly above cingulum of P?, and much less than half crown area of P?), partly to fully displaced lingually, P? and P* separated or in contact. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FN = 52.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF8B9FB31F5FB1C4" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF8B9FB31F5FB1C4" blockId="189.[115,1329,1551,3478]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FF8B9FB31EE6B139" bold="true" box="[119,230,2538,2571]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Habitat.</emphasis>
Rather variable: often in montane habitats including forest; also at lower elevations in rainforest, miombo woodland,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FD259C4B1D2AB101" box="[729,810,2578,2611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
—
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FCB49C4B1DE3B101" box="[840,995,2578,2611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Commiphora</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FC059C4B1A7BB101" box="[1017,1147,2578,2611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FB359C4B1EC6B168" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Burseraceae</taxonomicName>
, respectively) bushland and thicket, woodland savanna, and drier grassland savanna. Occurs up to elevations of
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FDA89C381CB9B1B0" box="[596,697,2657,2690]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
in
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FD149C381D62B1B0" box="[744,866,2657,2690]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
. In
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FC659C381A4AB1B0" box="[921,1098,2657,2690]" name="South Africa" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, only present in regions with annual rainfall of over
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF466AF9FD9B9CD11CD9B19B" box="[615,729,2696,2729]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
; distribution is probably limited by rainfall and occurrence of suitable roosting sites (humid caves and mines). Sometimes found near open water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF8A9CA71A0CB08F" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF8A9CA71A0CB08F" blockId="189.[115,1329,1551,3478]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FF8A9CA71F7EB02D" bold="true" box="[118,382,2814,2847]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
Diet consists of
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FD959CA71D07B02D" box="[617,775,2814,2847]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FCE49CA71DB2B02D" box="[792,946,2814,2847]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FC3F9CA71A2FB02D" box="[963,1071,2814,2847]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FBBC9CA71AE6B02D" box="[1088,1254,2814,2847]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FF8B9D7F1F3CB075" box="[119,316,2854,2887]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
. The species probably forages for flying insects in open spaces close to trees. Itis a clutter-edge forager, with relatively broad wings, intermediate wing loading and low aspect ratio; wing morphology is intermediate between those of a typical aerial forager, a gleaner, and a trawler (taking prey from water surface).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF899D9D1F10B76B" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF899D9D1F10B76B" blockId="189.[115,1329,1551,3478]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FF899D9D1EFCB0D7" bold="true" box="[117,252,3012,3045]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Breeding.</emphasis>
In
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF466AF9FED29D9D1FFEB0D7" box="[302,510,3012,3045]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
, copulation was in April, followed by period of sperm storage by female until fertilization in September and parturition in November-December. Lactation period lasts c.6 weeks. Females congregate at maternity roosts, each with one young.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF8F9A3B1AB6B7CB" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="activity">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF8F9A3B1AB6B7CB" blockId="189.[115,1329,1551,3478]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FF8F9A3B1F61B7B1" bold="true" box="[115,353,3170,3203]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
Nocturnal, roosting in moist caves and mines, hanging freely from ceilings or clinging to walls; it is mostly found in caves with pools of water where disturbance is minimal. The species typically produces FM calls with peak frequency of c.50 kHz, large bandwidth (c.50 kHz), and short duration (2-4 milliseconds).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FF899AA6178DBA5C" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FF899AA6178DBA5C" blockId="189.[115,1329,1551,3478]" lastBlockId="189.[1401,2609,298,922]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FF899AA61D54B612" bold="true" box="[117,852,3327,3360]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
In parts of
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9FBEA9AA61ACDB612" box="[1046,1229,3327,3360]" name="South Africa" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Temminck’s
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FF119B7E1F46B67A" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[237,326,3367,3400]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
migrates hundreds of kilometers between warmer summer maternity caves and colder winter hibernation caves. It roosts gregariously, and may congregate in groups of up to 2000 individuals. It often shares roosts with
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF466AF9FC079B2C1A42B6A4" box="[1019,1090,3445,3478]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Cape</collectingRegion>
Horseshoe Bats (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FA75977318A5BA75" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[1417,1701,298,327]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">Rhinolophus capensis</taxonomicName>
), Geoftroy’s Horseshoe Bats (R. clivosus), Lesser Long-fingered Bats (
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF466AF9FA3797141869BA5C" box="[1483,1641,333,366]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Miniopterus</taxonomicName>
fraterculus), and Natal Long-fingered Bats (M. natalensis).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FA80972D171EB9B3" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FA80972D171EB9B3" blockId="189.[1401,2609,298,922]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FA80972D18DBBAA7" bold="true" box="[1404,1755,372,405]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Generally uncommon to rare throughout its range, but more abundant in eastern
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9F68497FD142ABA8F" box="[2424,2602,420,445]" name="South Africa" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. No major threats are known, but roost sites in caves are locally disturbed by tourism and some traditional ceremonies. Habitat loss around roost sites due to agricultural expansion may also be of some significance, as may alien and invasive plant infestations, which can deplete insect biomass. In parts ofits range (e.g.
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF466AF9F6EE946017CDB968" box="[2322,2509,569,602]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF466AF9F62194601BD5B9B3" name="South Africa" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">South Africa</collectingCountry>
), the speciesis threatened by mining, both legal and illegal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF466AF9FA8094C81985B8A7" pageId="189" pageNumber="951" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF466AF9FA8094C81985B8A7" blockId="189.[1401,2609,298,922]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF466AF9FA8094C81815B998" bold="true" box="[1404,1557,657,682]" pageId="189" pageNumber="951">Bibliography.</emphasis>
ACR (2018), Allen (1939), Amador et al. (2018), Baeten et al. (1984), Bernard (1982b, 2013b), Csorba, Chou Cheng-Han et al. (2014), Dobson (1879), Findley (1972), Hayman &amp; Hill (1971), Hayman et al. (1966), Jordaan &amp; Jacobs (2009), Kearney etal. (2002), Koopman (1989, 1994), Koopman etal. (1995), Monadjem &amp; Jacobs (2017b), Monadjem, Jacobs et al. (2016), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Rautenbach et al. (1993), Ruedi et al. (2013), Schlitter &amp; Aggundey (1986), Schoeman &amp; Jacobs (2003, 2008), Simmons (2005), Skinner &amp; Chimimba (2005), Stadelmann, Jacobs et al. (2004), Stadelmann, Lin Liangkong et al. (2007), Stoffberg &amp; Jacobs (2004), Tate (1941d), Taylor (1999, 2000).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink