287 lines
37 KiB
XML
287 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="01BC240F6AE8AAB85E7650E959136D1B" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF3B6A84FF4F9D621984B0D7" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis alcathoe von Helversen & Heller 2001" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="954" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="954" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CCEF5BAC18BE608BF30FE5C3669D51C6">
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<mods:title id="1578354B32630C6C906EAEB3D41C1DE7">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="C25AC2FC85BD897EBF7FEDEE09ADA834">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E2B051AC9343D7DFE92B50FE80D184D4">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="A86C3CF16B27D1A9A9EF70A909057C85">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="756F11BE1B32875B81350A27947C14CD" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="BD39788B6078DB0809E3E775B641CF8A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="47E0439A44ECD1AE71C34D2AA1D3E58C">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7DCB63233671914C24DD7A6FD8DE490D">
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<mods:title id="90FC5C48A2EA42396E440C8ED96B176B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="63558FAE48AABD8CC60CB99DD587D7F1">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A5DF5E2BA6366CC22F519B2D6E19FCF9">981</mods:end>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF3B6A84FF4F9D621984B0D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6580715" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628102" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6580715" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF3B6A84FF4F9D621984B0D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF3B6A84FF4F9D621984B0D7" lastPageNumber="954" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FF4F9D621F06B05F" box="[179,262,2875,2925]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FF4F9D621F06B05F" blockId="192.[177,1190,2875,3005]" box="[179,262,2875,2925]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<heading id="9F638192FF3B6A84FF4F9D621F06B05F" box="[179,262,2875,2925]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF3B6A84FF4F9D621F06B05F" box="[179,262,2875,2925]" captionStart="Plate 72: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="187.[130,160,3289,3314]" captionTargetBox="[13,2763,20,3661]" captionTargetPageId="186" captionText="420. Herman's Myotis (Myotis hermani), 421. Bartels’s Myotis (Myotis bartelii), 422. Weber’s Myotis (Myotis weberi), 423. Orange-fingered Myotis (Myotis rufopictus), 424. Black-and-orange Myotis (Myotis formosus), 425. Geoftroy’s Myotis (Myotis emarginatus), 426. Temminck's. 3 Myotis (Myotis tricolor), 427. Welwitsch’s Myotis (Myotis welwitschii), 428. Reddish-black Myotis (Myotis rufoniger), 429. Scott's Myotis (Myotis scotti), 430. Morris's Myotis (Myotis morrisi), 431. Bocage’ Myotis (Myotis bocagii), 432. Malagasy Myotis (Myotis goudotii), 433. Anjouan Myotis (Myotis anjouanensis), 434. Kock’s Myotis (Myotis dieteri), 435. Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis (Myotis alcathoe), 436. Hyrcanian Myotis (Myotis hyrcanicus), 437. Pond Myotis (Myotis dasycneme), 438. Ikonnikov’ ' s Myotis (Myotis tkonnikovi), 439. Sichuan Myous (Myotis altarium), 440. Common Whiskered Myotis (Myotis mystacinus), 441. David’s Myotis (Myotis davidii), 442. Valley Myotis (Myotis ancricola), 443. Anna Tess’s Myotis (Myotis annatessae), 444. Gomantong Myotis (Myotis gomantongensis), 445. Peters’s Myotis (Myotis ater), 446. Nepalese Whiskered Myotis (Myotis muricola), 447. Brown’s Whiskered Myotis (Myotis browni), 448. Insular Myotis (Myotis insularum)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398946/files/figure.png" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">435.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FEE89D621D50B05F" box="[276,848,2875,2925]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FEE89D621D50B05F" blockId="192.[177,1190,2875,3005]" box="[276,848,2875,2925]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<heading id="9F638192FF3B6A84FEE89D621D50B05F" box="[276,848,2875,2925]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3B6A84FEE89D621D50B05F" ID-CoL="8LZGT" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" authorityName="von Helversen & Heller" authorityYear="2001" box="[276,848,2875,2925]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">Alcathoe Whiskered Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FC7F9D621AA5B05F" box="[899,1189,2875,2925]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FC7F9D621AA5B05F" blockId="192.[177,1190,2875,3005]" box="[899,1189,2875,2925]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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||
<heading id="9F638192FF3B6A84FC7F9D621AA5B05F" box="[899,1189,2875,2925]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FC7F9D621AA5B05F" ID-CoL="8LZGT" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" authorityName="von Helversen & Heller" authorityYear="2001" box="[899,1189,2875,2925]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FC7F9D621AA5B05F" box="[899,1189,2875,2925]" italics="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Myotis alcathoe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FF4F9DD91DE0B08E" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FF4F9DD91A78B0A7" blockId="192.[177,1190,2875,3005]" box="[179,1144,2944,2965]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<heading id="9F638192FF3B6A84FF4F9DD91A78B0A7" box="[179,1144,2944,2965]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FF4F9DD91EFEB0A7" bold="true" box="[179,254,2944,2965]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3B6A84FEF49DD91F9CB0A7" ID-CoL="8LZGT" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" authorityName="von Helversen & Heller" authorityYear="2001" box="[264,412,2944,2965]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">Murin alcathoé</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FE4D9DD91C0BB0A7" bold="true" box="[433,523,2944,2965]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3B6A84FDE99DD91CE6B0A7" ID-CoL="8LZGT" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" authorityName="von Helversen & Heller" authorityYear="2001" box="[533,742,2944,2965]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">Nymphenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FD079DD91D57B0A7" bold="true" box="[763,855,2944,2965]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3B6A84FC9D9DD91A78B0A7" ID-CoL="8LZGT" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" authorityName="von Helversen & Heller" authorityYear="2001" box="[865,1144,2944,2965]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">Ratonero bigotudo pequeno</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FF4E9DFE1DE0B08E" blockId="192.[177,1190,2875,3005]" box="[178,992,2983,3004]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<heading id="9F638192FF3B6A84FF4E9DFE1DE0B08E" box="[178,992,2983,3004]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FF4E9DFE1FA9B08E" bold="true" box="[178,425,2983,3004]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3B6A84FE4D9DFE1C32B08E" ID-CoL="8LZGT" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" authorityName="von Helversen & Heller" authorityYear="2001" box="[433,562,2983,3004]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">Alcathoe Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3B6A84FDC39DFE1CE3B08E" ID-CoL="8LZGT" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" authorityName="von Helversen & Heller" authorityYear="2001" box="[575,739,2983,3004]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">Alcathoe Myotis</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF3B6A84FD139DFE1DE0B08E" ID-CoL="8LZGT" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" authorityName="von Helversen & Heller" authorityYear="2001" box="[751,992,2983,3004]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">Alcathoe Whiskered Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FCEA9DB71AF7B700" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FCEA9DB71AF7B700" blockId="192.[790,1385,3054,3477]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FCEA9DB71DB0B739" bold="true" box="[790,944,3054,3083]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FC409DB71D70B700" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcanthoe">Myotis alcathoe von Helversen & Heller</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="453510EFFF3B6A84FC649A4C1AF2B700" box="[920,1266,3093,3122]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">von Helversen et al., 2001</treatmentCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FAFD9A4C1B01B79B" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FAFD9A4C1B01B79B" blockId="192.[790,1385,3054,3477]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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||
<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF3B6A84FAFD9A4C1B01B79B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319673" latitude="39.083332" longitude="49.0" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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“netted over a small stream, the Fournikos Potamos, near the village of Kleistos (
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<geoCoordinate id="A1A05039FF3B6A84FB119A391B5FB7B3" box="[1261,1375,3168,3201]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" precision="925" value="39.083332">39°05’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A1A05039FF3B6A84FCE49AC91D88B79B" box="[792,904,3216,3241]" degrees="21" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" precision="55555" value="49.0">21°49°E</geoCoordinate>
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), Novos Evritanias,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3B6A84FB659AC91AFDB79B" box="[1177,1277,3216,3241]" name="Greece" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Greece</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FCEB9AF61A61B6A7" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FCEB9AF61A61B6A7" blockId="192.[790,1385,3054,3477]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FC469AF61A11B7E2" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[954,1041,3247,3280]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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(62 species);
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FB029AF61B69B7E2" box="[1278,1385,3247,3280]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">alcathoe</taxonomicName>
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species group (2 species).
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FB619A821B69B7CA" box="[1181,1385,3291,3320]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alcathoe">Myotis alcathoe</taxonomicName>
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and M. hyrcanicus are sister to one another and appear to form a clade basal to the rest of the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FB3C9B081B18B65C" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1216,1304,3409,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FA4D977C1788B964" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="distribution">
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||
<caption id="90EB6676FF3B6A84FA4D977C1788B964" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398853" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398853/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" targetBox="[175,767,3060,3475]" targetPageId="192">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA4D977C1673BAED" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FA4D977C1941BA70" bold="true" box="[1457,1857,293,322]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FA4F97111673BAED" authority="von Helversen & Heller, 2001" authorityName="von Helversen & Heller" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="alcathoe" subSpecies="alcathoe">M.a.alcathoevonHelversen&Heller,2001—patchilythroughalmostallEurope,fromNSpaintoGermany,includingBritain,andEtoSWUkraineandNWTurkey(EThrace);therearealsoecholocationcallsfromSSwedenthatcertainlyrepresentthisspeciesandtheremayalsoberecordsfromLatvia.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA4E97B71788B964" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FA4E97B7163FB935" authority="Benda, Gazaryan & Vallo, 2016" authorityName="Benda, Gazaryan & Vallo" authorityYear="2016" box="[1458,2111,494,519]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="alcathoe" subSpecies="circassicus">M. a. circassicus Benda, Gazaryan & Vallo, 2016</taxonomicName>
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— N slopes of Greater Caucasus in
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3B6A84F5D797B71BD4B91C" name="Russia" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Russia</collectingCountry>
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and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3B6A84F9DC945418A3B91C" box="[1568,1699,525,558]" country="Georgia" name="Abkhazia" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Abkhazia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3B6A84F94094541933B91C" box="[1724,1843,525,558]" name="Georgia" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
); possibly also found in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3B6A84F7699454175AB91C" box="[2197,2394,525,558]" country="Russia" name="North Ossetia" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">North Ossetia</collectingRegion>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3B6A84F67C945417DBB91C" box="[2432,2523,525,558]" country="Russia" name="North Ossetia" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Alania</collectingRegion>
|
||
Republic (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3B6A84FA429460181DB964" box="[1470,1565,569,598]" name="Russia" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
), NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3B6A84F990946018CDB964" box="[1644,1741,569,598]" name="Turkey" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3B6A84F91E94601938B964" box="[1762,1848,569,598]" country="Turkey" name="Artvin" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Artvin</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF3B6A84F87E946019FDB964" box="[1922,2045,569,598]" country="Turkey" name="Erzurum" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Erzurum</collectingRegion>
|
||
provinces), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3B6A84F71794601784B964" box="[2283,2436,569,598]" name="Azerbaijan" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Azerbaijan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FA4C94051446BF94" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA4C94051446BF94" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FA4C940518A9B94F" bold="true" box="[1456,1705,604,637]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F89C940519EDB94F" box="[1888,2029,604,637]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="39.0">39-44 mm</quantity>
|
||
,tail
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F7CB940516CCB94F" box="[2103,2252,604,637]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="36.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="36.0">36-37 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 11:4-14-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F67B940517DAB94F" box="[2439,2522,604,637]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 5-1-5-8, forearm 29-7-34-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F8D994D1197DB997" box="[1829,1917,648,677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 3-5-5-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F7AC94D11682B997" box="[2128,2178,648,677]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="g" value="5.0">5 g</quantity>
|
||
. The Alcathoe Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F5F794D11464B997" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2571,2660,648,677]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of the smallest European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F87394F219E3B9FE" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1935,2019,683,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with brownish and reddish upperparts and lighter brown underparts; hair is comparatively long (
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F754948A171AB9C6" box="[2216,2330,723,756]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6-8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) dark at base with light brown tips. fur can be entirely grayish or brownish in young bats. Wings are fairly dark, brownish or blackish, although lighter than in the Common Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F5F795781465B870" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2571,2661,801,834]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FA4295101880B858" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[1470,1664,841,874]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="946" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mystacinus">M. mystacinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and always attached to fifth toe. Ears are short and pale; short tragus has clear notch on edge. Nostrils are heart-shaped. Face is mainly furred, but pinkish bare skin is much paler than that of the Common Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F6CE95C1178FB88B" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2354,2447,920,953]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Feet, legs and thumbs are remarkably short and small; calcar is slender and relatively long; tail membrane is less pigmented on the edge near the calcar. Penis is narrow from base to tip; baculum is short (c.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F93592571938BF1D" box="[1737,1848,1038,1071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.0">0-5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) and broad. Skull is similar to that of the Common Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F9B3926F18A9BF65" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1615,1705,1078,1111]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F897926F19C4BF65" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1899,1988,1078,1111]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F826926F166FBF65" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1845" box="[2010,2159,1078,1111]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brandtii">M. brandtii</taxonomicName>
|
||
) but has higher braincase. P? and P° are tiny and pressed against C1 and P* P* has a clearly developed cusp; upper molars have protoconules. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 52 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3B6A84F63292DC1439BF94" box="[2510,2617,1157,1190]" name="Greece" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FA4C92F5175FBE88" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA4C92F5175FBE88" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FA4C92F5181FBFFF" bold="true" box="[1456,1567,1196,1229]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The Alcathoe Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F87192F519E7BFFF" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1933,2023,1196,1229]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually found near streams in mature moist forests, which have complex structure with deciduous trees such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F683928D1BDFBE2E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84FA0492A618EFBE2E" box="[1528,1775,1279,1308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tilia (Malvaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F8BB92A61995BE2E" box="[1863,1941,1279,1308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F81992A616FCBE2E" box="[2021,2300,1279,1308]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Betula (Betulaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
; also riparian forest and montane
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F9C2937E18A3BE76" box="[1598,1699,1319,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F945937E19E9BE76" box="[1721,2025,1319,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carpinus (Betulaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F7C7937E172ABE76" box="[2107,2346,1319,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fagus (Fagaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
forests. It seem to favor sloping ground. Positively selects old mature forests due to the large numbers of decaying trees for roosting and maternity colonies. Commonly found in habitats also occupied by Bechstein’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F8F693C01963BE88" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1802,1891,1433,1466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F88793C0162CBE88" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[1915,2092,1433,1466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="979" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bechsteinii">M. bechsteinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F70293C0175BBE88" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2302,2395,1433,1466]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FA4C9399173CBD95" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA4C9399173CBD95" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FA4C939918B4BED3" bold="true" box="[1456,1716,1472,1505]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Alcathoe Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F7D89399167EBED3" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2084,2174,1472,1505]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
forages at forest edge byrivers, flying mostly in the canopy and hunting above water. Typically catches prey in flight but the presence of spiders and other non-flying animals suggests it may also capture prey from surface of leaves or ground. Usually feeds on small insects such as mosquitoes, small moths,flies, ants and beetles; also spiders. Locally it has been found to specialize on Nematocera, along with some caddisflies, moths, and spiders.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FA5390F417A5BC77" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA5390F417A5BC77" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FA5390F41836BDFC" bold="true" box="[1455,1590,1709,1742]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Maternity colonies are normally in the canopy, and typically contain few adult females with their youngsters; males normally roost alone. Colonies tend to be small but rarely grow up to ¢.80 bats. Maternity roosts are very ephemeral, as the species switches roosts every few days. Females can give birth up to mid-July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FA52911219E5B3C4" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA52911219E5B3C4" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FA529112189DBC5E" bold="true" box="[1454,1693,1867,1900]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Alcathoe Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F7DE9112167BBC5E" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2082,2171,1867,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually roosts in fissures behind bark, and in holes in broken and rotten wood,
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F7AD912F16C6BCA1" box="[2129,2246,1910,1939]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="m" value="18.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="15.0">15-22 m</quantity>
|
||
aboveground. It moves from one roost to another frequently, even daily in many cases. It emerges 30-60 minutes after sunset and has a bimodal night activity pattern. Echolocation call is one of the highestfrequency types within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F89391B019C3B338" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1903,1987,2025,2058]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with relatively long (2:5—4 milliseconds) pulses. Pulses start at 120 kHz and end at c.46-32 kHz, with characteristic frequency of c.53 kHz. This is probably an adaptation to cluttered habitats and dense vegetation; the high frequency, combined with broad wings and high maneuverability, allow the species to fly in reduced spaces full of obstacles, and thus occupy a difficult niche typical of old forests. Echolocation calls are quite weak in terms of intensity, and are difficult to detect at distances over
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F8619E8C19E2B3C4" box="[1949,2018,2261,2294]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FA539EA41420B139" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA539EA41420B139" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FA539EA41684B22C" bold="true" box="[1455,2180,2301,2334]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Alcathoe Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F5F69EA41463B22C" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2570,2659,2301,2334]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually moves to nearby rivers or streams at dusk, moving not more than
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF3B6A84F64F9F7D1418B277" box="[2483,2584,2340,2373]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" unit="km" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3-6 km</quantity>
|
||
each night to hunting areas; hunting zones are frequently changed. In winter, this species moves to caves or other small cavities in forest, although hibernation colonies have also been found in trees. Solitary animals can be found all year in small clusters. During the first half of August, some caves are used as swarming sites; these are often shared with other similar species, such as Bechstein’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F7639FB316F9B139" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2207,2297,2538,2571]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Brandt's
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F63C9FB3141DB139" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2496,2589,2538,2571]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FA539C431871B02C" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA539C431871B02C" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FA539C431915B101" bold="true" box="[1455,1813,2586,2611]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List, due to its recent description. The Alcathoe Whiskered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF3B6A84F7A19C6016B6B168" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2141,2230,2617,2650]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was initially known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3B6A84FA539C301811B1B0" box="[1455,1553,2665,2690]" name="Greece" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF3B6A84F99E9C3018DDB1B0" box="[1634,1757,2665,2690]" name="Hungary" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and it was thought to have a very restricted distribution; now known to be more widespread. It occurs at low densities and in scattered populations, with limited suitable habitat available. Main threats appear to include habitat loss and fragmentation, especially due to wood extraction; collisions with vehicles also said to be significant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF3B6A84FA539D761984B0D7" pageId="192" pageNumber="954" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF3B6A84FA539D761984B0D7" blockId="192.[1453,2664,293,3046]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF3B6A84FA539D761848B07A" bold="true" box="[1455,1608,2863,2888]" pageId="192" pageNumber="954">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
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Agirre-Mendi et al. (2004), Ahlén (2010), Alcalde (2009), Bashta et al. (2011), Benda & Karatas (2005), Benda, Gazaryan & Vallo (2016), Benda, Ruedi & Uhrin (2003), Boston et al. (2011), Danko et al. (2010), De Pasquale & Galimberti (2014), von Helversen et al. (2001), Jan et al. (2010), Luan et al. (2009), Niermann et al. (2007), Nyssen et al. (2015), Pavlini¢ et al. (2012), Rehék etal. (2008), Sachanowicz et al. (2012), Spitzenberger et al. (2008), Volleth & Heller (2012).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |