253 lines
29 KiB
XML
253 lines
29 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F46B4FB81A8192B67B1A6579E6725770">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8AD931D22AD04A0A10969B845F1E5C15">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B7A2772280BFA48F0576A9B64EA38161">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5558AFF69AA97EC7B770943B493C45B0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF306A8FFF799AC819A3B26F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577934" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628204" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577934" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF306A8FFF799AC819A3B26F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF306A8FFF799AC819A3B26F" lastPageNumber="965" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFF799AC81ED7B78D" blockId="203.[131,1190,3217,3342]" box="[133,215,3217,3263]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<heading id="9F638192FF306A8FFF799AC81ED7B78D" box="[133,215,3217,3263]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF306A8FFF799AC81ED7B78D" box="[133,215,3217,3263]" captionStart="Plate 73: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="199.[131,161,3286,3311]" captionTargetBox="[12,2760,18,3659]" captionTargetPageId="198" captionText="449. Hairy-faced Myotis (Myotis annectans), 450. Frosted Myotis (Myotis pruinosus), 451. Yanbaru Whiskered Myotis (Myotis yanbarensis), 452. Long-toed Myotis (Myotis secundus), 453. Bornean Whiskered Myotis (Myotis borneoensis), 454. Malaysian Whiskered Myotis (Myotis federatus), 455. Indochinese Myotis (Myotis indochinensis), 456. Peyton’s Myotis (Myotis peytoni), 457. Burmese Whiskered Myotis (Myotis montivagus), 458. Long-fingered Myotis (Myotis capaccinii), 459. Chinese Water Myotis (Myotis laniger), 460. Csorba’s Myotis (Myotis csorbai), 461. Kashmir Cave Myotis (Myotis longipes), 462. Annamit Myotis (Myotis annamiticus), 463. Phan Luong’s Myotis (Myotis phanluongi), 464. Himalayan Whiskered Myotis (Myotis siligorensis), 465. Chestnut Myotis (Myotis badius), 466. Ridley’s Myotis (Myotis ridleyi), 467. Thick-thumbed Myotis (Myotis rosseti), 468. Horsfield’s Myotis (Myotis horsfieldii), 469. Pallid Large-footed Myotis (Myotis macrotarsus), 470. Stalker’s Myotis (Myotis stalkeri), 471. Gray Large-footed Myotis (Myotis adversus), 472. Maluku Myotis (Myotis moluccarum), 473. Southern Myotis (Myotis macropus), 474. Lesser Large-footed Myotis (Myotis hasseltii)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398948/files/figure.png" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">461.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFF159AC81C9BB78D" box="[233,667,3217,3263]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFF159AC81C9BB78D" blockId="203.[131,1190,3217,3342]" box="[233,667,3217,3263]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<heading id="9F638192FF306A8FFF159AC81C9BB78D" box="[233,667,3217,3263]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF306A8FFF159AC81C9BB78D" ID-CoL="8LZH5" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[233,667,3217,3263]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">Kashmir Cave Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFD2C9AC81DEEB78D" box="[720,1006,3217,3263]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFD2C9AC81DEEB78D" blockId="203.[131,1190,3217,3342]" box="[720,1006,3217,3263]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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||
<heading id="9F638192FF306A8FFD2C9AC81DEEB78D" box="[720,1006,3217,3263]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FFD2C9AC81DEEB78D" ID-CoL="8LZH5" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[720,1006,3217,3263]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFD2C9AC81DEEB78D" box="[720,1006,3217,3263]" italics="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Myotis longipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFF789A881C36B63F" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFF789A881AA5B7D4" blockId="203.[131,1190,3217,3342]" box="[132,1189,3281,3302]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<heading id="9F638192FF306A8FFF789A881AA5B7D4" box="[132,1189,3281,3302]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFF789A881ED0B7D4" bold="true" box="[132,208,3281,3302]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF306A8FFF269A881FA5B7D4" ID-CoL="8LZH5" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[218,421,3281,3302]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">Murin du Cachemire</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFE459A881C14B7D4" bold="true" box="[441,532,3281,3302]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF306A8FFDE29A881D41B7D4" ID-CoL="8LZH5" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[542,833,3281,3302]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">KaschmirLangfuRfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFCAA9A881DB1B7D4" bold="true" box="[854,945,3281,3302]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF306A8FFC479A881AA5B7D4" ID-CoL="8LZH5" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[955,1189,3281,3302]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">Ratonero de Cachemira</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFF789AA11C36B63F" blockId="203.[131,1190,3217,3342]" box="[132,566,3320,3341]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<heading id="9F638192FF306A8FFF789AA11C36B63F" box="[132,566,3320,3341]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFF789AA11F7BB63F" bold="true" box="[132,379,3320,3341]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF306A8FFE7A9AA11C36B63F" ID-CoL="8LZH5" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[390,566,3320,3341]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">Kashmir Cave Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFF7F9B651CD5B66F" box="[131,725,3388,3421]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFF7F9B651CD5B66F" blockId="203.[130,1338,3388,3466]" box="[131,725,3388,3421]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFF7F9B651F1CB66F" bold="true" box="[131,284,3388,3421]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FFED69B651CD0B66F" ID-CoL="8LJ7R" authority="Dobson, 1873" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1873" box="[298,720,3388,3421]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">Vespertilio longipes Dobson, 1873</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFD1C9B651C8AB6B1" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFD1C9B651C8AB6B1" blockId="203.[130,1338,3388,3466]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF306A8FFD1C9B651C8AB6B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319316" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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“caves of Bhima Devi, in Kashmir [
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FFB449B651B08B66F" box="[1208,1288,3388,3421]" name="India" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">India</collectingCountry>
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], at an elevation of
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FFEA49B3F1FD5B6B1" box="[344,469,3430,3459]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="ft" value="6000.0">6000 feet</quantity>
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[=
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<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FFDFB9B3F1C70B6B1" box="[519,624,3430,3459]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.829" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="m" value="1829.0">1829 m</quantity>
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].”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FF812974C1634B802" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FF812974C1634B802" blockId="203.[2027,2622,277,698]" lastBlockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF77C974C176DBA00" authority="Kaup, 1829" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1855" box="[2176,2413,277,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis; siligorensis</taxonomicName>
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species group. See
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF7D6976116B3BA6B" authorityName="Topal" authorityYear="1998" box="[2090,2227,312,345]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="csorbai">M. csorbai</taxonomicName>
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. G. E. Dobson in 1872 first described this species using the preoccupied name
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF74097DE1733BA9A" baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[2236,2355,391,424]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macropus">macropus</taxonomicName>
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and provided the complete type locality given here; when he realized his error, he renamed the species
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF79997A416C9B92C" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1873" box="[2149,2249,509,542]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">longipes</taxonomicName>
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in 1873 and only mentioned “Kashmir” as the collection area.
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF812941216B3B95E" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[2030,2227,587,620]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">Myotis longipes</taxonomicName>
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appears to be restricted to
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF81794221697B9A6" box="[2027,2199,635,660]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF75094221722B9A6" box="[2220,2338,635,660]" name="Pakistan" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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, and north-western
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF81194C01638B988" box="[2029,2104,665,698]" name="India" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">India</collectingCountry>
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||
;
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF7B594C016CDB988" authorityName="Topal" authorityYear="1998" box="[2121,2253,665,698]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="csorbai">M. csorbai</taxonomicName>
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might be more widely distributed in
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF306A8FF9CC949818C7B9D0" box="[1584,1735,705,738]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Meghalaya</collectingRegion>
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||
, southern
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF894949819BEB9D0" box="[1896,1982,705,738]" name="China" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">China</collectingCountry>
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, and central
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF778949816C4B9D0" box="[2180,2244,705,738]" name="Laos" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Laos</collectingCountry>
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but is restricted to
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF6169498143DB9D0" box="[2538,2621,705,738]" name="Nepal" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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until other specimens can be assessed to confirm their identity as being
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF65D94B11437B83B" baseAuthorityName="Dobson" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[2465,2615,744,777]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">M. longipes</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FFA749556180DB802" authorityName="Topal" authorityYear="1998" box="[1416,1549,783,816]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="csorbai">M. csorbai</taxonomicName>
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, or an entirely new species. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFA7B956E1850B84D" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="distribution">
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<caption id="90EB6676FF306A8FFA7B956E1850B84D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398914" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6398914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6398914/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" targetBox="[1413,2005,285,699]" targetPageId="203">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFA7B956E1850B84D" blockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFA7B956E1837B86A" bold="true" box="[1415,1591,823,856]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Only definitely from NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF867956E1647B86A" box="[1947,2119,823,856]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF78B956E16EDB86A" box="[2167,2285,823,856]" name="Pakistan" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and NW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF684956E17C2B86A" box="[2424,2498,823,856]" name="India" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF306A8FF62B956E1843B84D" country="India" name="Jammu and Kashmir" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Jammu and Kashmir</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFA7B95D219A9BEE2" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFA7B95D219A9BEE2" blockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFA7B95D21882B89A" bold="true" box="[1415,1666,907,936]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FF8C195D219D4B89A" box="[1853,2004,907,936]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.3" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="mm" value="44.5" valueMax="46.0" valueMin="43.0">43-46 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FF7E195D216B4B89A" box="[2077,2228,907,936]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="mm" value="39.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="37.0">37-42 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 10-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FF6D195D217B0B89A" box="[2349,2480,907,936]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="6.0">6-15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 9-2-9-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FFA2095F71832B8FD" box="[1500,1586,942,975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 36-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FF91295F71971B8FD" box="[1774,1905,942,975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="5.0">5-39 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Fur of the Kashmir Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF71A95F71740B8FD" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2278,2368,942,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is dense and soft. Dorsal hairs are grayish brown, with tips paler than bases; venter hairs are creamy white, with dark brown or black bases and creamy white tips. Ears are relatively tall and narrow, with narrow tips; evenly convex anterior margins without basal notches; and shallowly concave above and convex below on posterior border; tragusis tall at ¢.50% of ear length and narrow and tapers toward pointed tip. Face is hairy, except around eyes and nostrils. Hindfeet are large, with toes making up more than 50% their length. Wings are attached to bases offirst toes. Skull is small and robust; braincase is bulbous; forehead regionis steeply sloped; sagittal and lambdoidal crests are barely evident; C! is very weak; P? and P? are minute, with P3 being smaller (one-half to two-thirds the crown area of P?) and slightly intruded from tooth row; C, is very small at two-thirds the crown area and height of P; P, and P, are greatly reduced, and P, is one-halfthe crown area of P,, both in the tooth row; and upper and lower molarsare relatively large compared with canines and premolars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFA79938E173FBECA" box="[1413,2367,1495,1528]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFA79938E173FBECA" blockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" box="[1413,2367,1495,1528]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFA79938E1BF5BECA" bold="true" box="[1413,1525,1495,1528]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary and secondary forests at elevations up to ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FF731938E173BBECA" box="[2253,2363,1495,1528]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFA7993A6197FBD74" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFA7993A6197FBD74" blockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFA7993A61895BD12" bold="true" box="[1413,1685,1535,1568]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Kashmir Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF88593A619D3BD12" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1913,2003,1535,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
reportedly fed over an irrigation channel near their subterranean canal roost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFA79901716FEBDA4" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFA79901716FEBDA4" blockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFA799017180CBD5D" bold="true" box="[1413,1548,1614,1647]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant and lactating Kashmir Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF7B89017169EBD5D" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2116,2206,1614,1647]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
were caught in early July in Kashmir and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF9BD902C18EDBDA4" box="[1601,1773,1653,1686]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, suggesting young were born in June.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFA7F90C51834BC68" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFA7F90C51834BC68" blockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFA7F90C5186DBD8F" bold="true" box="[1411,1645,1692,1725]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Kashmir Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF8BD90C5199BBD8F" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1857,1947,1692,1725]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
reportedly roost in caves, cracks, crevices, buildings, tunnels, subterranean canals, and tree cavities. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF76790951711BDD7" box="[2203,2321,1740,1765]" name="Pakistan" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, they roosted in tree cavities c.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FF9FB90A9186CBC3F" box="[1543,1644,1776,1805]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2-7 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter,
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FF8DB90A9198CBC3F" box="[1831,1932,1776,1805]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="m" value="11.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="3.0">3-20 m</quantity>
|
||
aboveground, and less than
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF306A8FF6DD90A91774BC3F" box="[2337,2420,1776,1805]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" unit="cm" value="90.0">90 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF60C90A9143CBC3F" box="[2544,2620,1776,1805]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
wallichiana (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF9CF914A18B8BC06" box="[1587,1720,1811,1844]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). They apparently leave their roosts early at night to forage in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FFA7F91641830BC68" box="[1411,1584,1853,1882]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFA78913B18CFB312" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFA78913B18CFB312" blockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFA78913B165ABCB1" bold="true" box="[1412,2138,1890,1923]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Kashmir Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF6C3913B1799BCB1" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2367,2457,1890,1923]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
reportedly roost in colonies with ¢.2000 individuals in a subterranean canal in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF306A8FF69A91D3140FBC99" box="[2406,2575,1930,1963]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
in summer and ¢.5000 individuals in a cave in Kashmir. When roosting in the canal, they hung in several large clusters and shared it with ¢.200 Schreibers’s Long-fingered Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FFA6C9E5A182EB312" box="[1424,1582,2051,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Miniopteridae" genus="Miniopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Miniopterus</taxonomicName>
|
||
schreibersiz).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFA789E7118A7B3D4" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFA789E7118A7B3D4" blockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFA789E7118E2B37B" bold="true" box="[1412,1762,2088,2121]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The Kashmir Cave
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF306A8FF9FB9E161861B342" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1543,1633,2127,2160]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely threatened by habitat loss and roost disturbance from ongoing conflict throughout its distribution. Nevertheless, distribution is still uncertain, and it might have a wider distribution than is currently recognized. Ecology and threats are also not well studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF306A8FFA789EAC19A3B26F" pageId="203" pageNumber="965" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF306A8FFA789EAC19A3B26F" blockId="203.[1411,2622,705,2397]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF306A8FFA789EAC181DB23C" bold="true" box="[1412,1565,2293,2318]" pageId="203" pageNumber="965">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates & Harrison (1997), Benda & Gaisler (2015), Borisenko, Kruskop & Ivanova (2008), Dobson (1872, 1873), Hanak & Gaisler (1969), Hussain et al. (2013), Kruskop (2016b), Kruskop &Tsytsulina (2001), Ruedi et al. (2015), Sinha (1994), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |