233 lines
28 KiB
XML
233 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="782D6CC922126B2E98E63F45B41F8267" ID-CLB-Dataset="56755" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6397752" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45351c32-25dd-422c-bdb2-00e73deb4943" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6397752" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1648655544658" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="4C3D87E8FF216A9EFF4A91C916D5BF1C" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Vespertilionidae_716.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myotis escalerai Cabrera 1904" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="980" masterDocId="B004FF90FFFB6A44FFFC96591E00BB32" masterDocTitle="Vespertilionidae" masterLastPageNumber="981" masterPageNumber="716" pageNumber="980" updateTime="1718993610009" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:mods id="2EB89D0F31421DDB5FBEE2A7478D0784" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="759922EE1659655F9D922C2FE8978403">
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<mods:title id="DBAAE04807D813E071D1B4E076F617DA">Vespertilionidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C7E5A93606C9697D78B1EDD6B0DFAB55" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="954F229168F4FF3D2BF71D16ECB2C9E1">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2B7A570C0D77E91E82496C88A42F288F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="953B38AE507B457F75B135F8F4546242">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B813C6C2BF9643147FD6808CF13FD264">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="4A165DB15212DCCCF4FC12ADE58037E9">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="16C277024A0E9929A1D92EC86A7FB66B" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="6D05CFD0B0F8430490391A64E8E05380">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="2F9977A10F32025D35095A65C90A22D3">
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<mods:placeTerm id="3D81057B43DD88E4EB928A85ABAF2845">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="5896906A57C837C6F9FF492E2061A9A9">
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<mods:title id="BC989CEAB580BC46944FCDE02316969E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="50AD07492ED5D33634D268B8CB1F5E63">
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<mods:start id="E69C605980E77ACF4D70DCB33BAF4AB3">716</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="912D85C67C872EADA74282CB99ACA31E">981</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="D3E8B5AFE0ABC303E02D5E464BB6FF51" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4C3D87E8FF216A9EFF4A91C916D5BF1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6577434" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195628181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6577434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3D87E8FF216A9EFF4A91C916D5BF1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3D87E8FF216A9EFF4A91C916D5BF1C" lastPageNumber="980" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFF4A91C91F09BCF0" box="[182,265,1936,1986]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFF4A91C91F09BCF0" blockId="218.[181,1131,1936,2067]" box="[182,265,1936,1986]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<heading id="9F638192FF216A9EFF4A91C91F09BCF0" box="[182,265,1936,1986]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<figureCitation id="5CAF2A7BFF216A9EFF4A91C91F09BCF0" box="[182,265,1936,1986]" captionStart="Plate 74: Vespertilionidae" captionStartId="211.[124,154,3336,3357]" captionTargetBox="[12,2762,19,3661]" captionTargetPageId="210" captionText="475. Russian Myotis (Myotis petax), 476. Big-footed Myotis (Myotis macrodactylus), 477. Fringed Long-footed Myotis (Myotis fimbriatus), 478. Ricketts Big-footed Myotis (Myotis pilosus), 479. Mandelli’s Myotis (Myotis sicarius), 480. Bechstein’s Myotis (Myotis bechsteinii), 481. Long-tailed Myotis (Myotis longicaudatus), 482. Daubenton’s Myotis (Myotis daubentonii), 483. Reddish Myotis (Myotis soror), 484. Fraternal Myotis (Myotis frater), 485. Bokhara Myotis (Myotis bucharensis), 486. Lesser Myotis (Myotis blythii), 487. Greater Myotis (Myotis myotis), 488. Maghreb Myotis (Myotis punicus), 489. Natterer’s Myotis (Myotis nattereri), 490. Cryptic Myotis (Myotis crypticus), 491. Schaub’s Myotis (Myotis schaubi), 492. Escalera’s Myotis (Myotis escalerar), 493. Zenati Myotis (Myotis zenatius), 494. Peking Myotis (Myotis pequinius), 495. Far Eastern Myotis (Myotis bombinus), 496. Large Myotis (Myotis chinensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399025/files/figure.png" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">492.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFEE591C91C75BCF0" box="[281,629,1936,1986]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFEE591C91C75BCF0" blockId="218.[181,1131,1936,2067]" box="[281,629,1936,1986]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<heading id="9F638192FF216A9EFEE591C91C75BCF0" box="[281,629,1936,1986]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF216A9EFEE591C91C75BCF0" ID-CoL="8LZKQ" authority="Cabrera, 1904" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1904" box="[281,629,1936,1986]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="escalerai">Escalera’s Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFD5691C91DCFBCF0" box="[682,975,1936,1986]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFD5691C91DCFBCF0" blockId="218.[181,1131,1936,2067]" box="[682,975,1936,1986]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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||
<heading id="9F638192FF216A9EFD5691C91DCFBCF0" box="[682,975,1936,1986]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFD5691C91DCFBCF0" ID-CoL="8LZKQ" authority="Cabrera, 1904" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1904" box="[682,975,1936,1986]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="escalerai">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFD5691C91DCFBCF0" box="[682,975,1936,1986]" italics="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Myotis escalerai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFF4A918D1D90B323" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFF4A918D1A6ABCDB" blockId="218.[181,1131,1936,2067]" box="[182,1130,2004,2025]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<heading id="9F638192FF216A9EFF4A918D1A6ABCDB" box="[182,1130,2004,2025]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFF4A918D1F01BCDB" bold="true" box="[182,257,2004,2025]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF216A9EFEF7918D1FB1BCDB" ID-CoL="8LZKQ" authority="Cabrera, 1904" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1904" box="[267,433,2004,2025]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="escalerai">Murin d'Escalera</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFE3B918D1C22BCDB" bold="true" box="[455,546,2004,2025]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">German:</emphasis>
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF216A9EFDD0918D1D4CBCDB" ID-CoL="8LZKQ" authority="Cabrera, 1904" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1904" box="[556,844,2004,2025]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="escalerai">Iberische Fransenfledermaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFC9D918D1DBDBCDB" bold="true" box="[865,957,2004,2025]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Spanish:</emphasis>
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||
<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF216A9EFC3B918D1A6ABCDB" ID-CoL="8LZKQ" authority="Cabrera, 1904" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1904" box="[967,1130,2004,2025]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="escalerai">Ratonero ibérico</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFF4A91A51D90B323" blockId="218.[181,1131,1936,2067]" box="[182,912,2044,2065]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<heading id="9F638192FF216A9EFF4A91A51D90B323" box="[182,912,2044,2065]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFF4A91A51FADB323" bold="true" box="[182,429,2044,2065]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF216A9EFE4491A51C8BB323" ID-CoL="8LZKQ" authority="Cabrera, 1904" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1904" box="[440,651,2044,2065]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="escalerai">Iberian Natterer's Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="4A9746D0FF216A9EFD6691A51D90B323" ID-CoL="8LZKQ" authority="Cabrera, 1904" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1904" box="[666,912,2044,2065]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="escalerai">Iberian Natterer's Myotis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFCE79E641B6AB36C" box="[795,1386,2109,2142]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFCE79E641B6AB36C" blockId="218.[794,1391,2109,2534]" box="[795,1386,2109,2142]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFCE79E641DB7B36C" bold="true" box="[795,951,2109,2142]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFC3B9E641B65B36C" ID-CoL="8LZKQ" authority="Cabrera, 1904" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1904" box="[967,1381,2109,2142]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="escalerai">Myotis escalerai Cabrera, 1904</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFCE69E3D1DF9B3B7" box="[794,1017,2148,2181]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFCE69E3D1DF9B3B7" blockId="218.[794,1391,2109,2534]" box="[794,1017,2148,2181]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<materialsCitation id="74FC3CA3FF216A9EFCE69E3D1DF9B3B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3783319586" box="[794,1017,2148,2181]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF216A9EFCE69E3D1D93B3B7" box="[794,915,2148,2181]" country="Spain" name="Comunitat Valenciana" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Valencia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF216A9EFC589E3D1DF5B3B7" box="[932,1013,2148,2181]" name="Spain" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Spain</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFCE19ED71A61B3E6" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFCE19ED71A61B3E6" blockId="218.[794,1391,2109,2534]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFC539ED71A03B399" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[943,1027,2190,2219]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFBE99ED71A62B399" authorityName="Borkhausen" authorityYear="1797" box="[1045,1122,2190,2219]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myotis">myotis</taxonomicName>
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species group.
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<collectingRegion id="0650F81CFF216A9EFAC19ED71B6CB399" box="[1341,1388,2190,2219]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">See</collectingRegion>
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||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFCE19EEE1DB5B3E6" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[797,949,2231,2260]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="981" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nattereri">M. nattereri</taxonomicName>
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||
. Monotypic.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFCE09E831AE5B210" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="90EB6676FF216A9EFCE09E831AE5B210" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6399009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6399009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6399009/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" targetBox="[181,773,2123,2538]" targetPageId="218">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFCE09E831AE5B210" blockId="218.[794,1391,2109,2534]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFCE09E831DCCB3C9" bold="true" box="[796,972,2266,2299]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Iberian Peninsula N to the French Pyrenees and Balearic Is.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFCE19F7E1D56B721" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFCE19F7E1D56B721" blockId="218.[794,1391,2109,2534]" lastBlockId="218.[185,1396,2543,3483]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
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<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFCE19F7E1A17B27A" bold="true" box="[797,1047,2343,2376]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF216A9EFB2C9F7E1B66B27A" box="[1232,1382,2343,2376]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="42.0">42-50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail
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||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF216A9EFCA79F0D1DF9B243" box="[859,1017,2388,2417]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="42.0">42-50 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 15-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF216A9EFB7E9F0D1B0BB243" box="[1154,1291,2388,2417]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="18.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="1.0">1-18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 6-7-10, forearm 37-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF216A9EFB829F231B00B2A5" box="[1150,1280,2426,2455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="1.0">1-42 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight 4.5-6-
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF216A9EFC899FC71DA7B28D" box="[885,935,2462,2495]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" unit="g" value="3.0">3 g</quantity>
|
||
. Escalera’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFBA99FC71AAFB28D" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1109,1199,2462,2495]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is extremely similar to Natterer’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFBB59F9C1AA2B2D4" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1097,1186,2501,2534]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFB0E9F9C1B5EB2D4" box="[1266,1374,2501,2534]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natterer">natterer</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the Cryptic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFE999FAF1FBFB121" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[357,447,2550,2579]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. crypticus), and the Zenati
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFC7E9FAB1DDCB13D" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[898,988,2546,2575]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. zenatius). Its dorsum is brownish to grayish, and venteris pale grayish to whitish. Young are much darker than adults. Edge of uropatagium hasdistinct line of bristles, typical of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFB629C621B05B16E" baseAuthorityName="Kuhl" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[1182,1285,2619,2652]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nattereri">nattereri</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex. It is clearly different from the Cryptic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFC969C3C1DC4B1B4" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[874,964,2661,2694]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
because it has noticeably line of hair pointing inward and another line of hair, shorter, pointing outward. Wings are clearly attached to metatarsus, a characteristic that differentiates it from sympatric Cryptic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFE9A9C861FC0B032" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[358,448,2783,2816]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose wing membrane starts at base of the foot. Calcaris clearly S-shaped. It has a naked face, pinkish (especially area surrounding eyes), with long muzzle and relatively long ears that surpass tip of nose when flattened horizontally, which are also foldable due to multiple folds presentin the outside edge. Skull is small and delicate with high braincase and strongly concave forehead regions; there are no sagittal or occipital crests. P* is more than one-half height and about three-quarters crown area of P? and is within tooth row; lower molars are myotodont. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 44 and FNa = 50 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BC83766EFF216A9EFD0E9DAB1D48B721" box="[754,840,3058,3091]" name="Spain" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFF479A411DA4B7BB" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFF479A411DA4B7BB" blockId="218.[185,1396,2543,3483]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFF479A411F2BB70B" bold="true" box="[187,299,3096,3129]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Wide variety of habitats from dry areas (e.g. Ebro Basin) to montane deciduous and coniferous forests, oak woodlands, parks, and orchards (e.g. olive and almond trees), usually at lower elevations but up to ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="036C9B1BFF216A9EFCCE9A311DA0B7BB" box="[818,928,3176,3209]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFF409AD71A17B614" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFF409AD71A17B614" blockId="218.[185,1396,2543,3483]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFF409AD71FC3B79D" bold="true" box="[188,451,3214,3247]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Escalera’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFD9D9AD71CBAB79D" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[609,698,3214,3247]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably has similar foraging behavior and feeding preferences to Natterer’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFD9E9AEC1CBBB7E4" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[610,699,3253,3286]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is able to glean prey from surfaces of leaves and directly from the ground with its tail membrane. It can be seen foraging close to vegetation, branches, and leaves searching for potential prey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFF419B7219BCBAA2" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFF419B7219BCBAA2" blockId="218.[185,1396,2543,3483]" lastBlockId="218.[1447,2659,290,1075]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFF419B721F44B67E" bold="true" box="[189,324,3371,3404]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Maternity colonies of Escalera’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EFCF39B721D68B67E" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[783,872,3371,3404]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
can contain from tens to 800 females and young. Temperature in summer roosts is 17-21°C. Mating activities take place in autumn (September—November) during swarming period when numbers of males increase significantly in cave-rich areas. Young are usually born in May. Young are completely independent at less than two months old in July and leave maternity colonies. Escalera’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF9C697361893BAA2" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1594,1683,367,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
readily switch roosts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFA5B97CD18A5B996" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFA5B97CD18A5B996" blockId="218.[1447,2659,290,1075]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFA5B97CD1892BA87" bold="true" box="[1447,1682,404,437]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Escalera’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF8D197CD1986BA87" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1837,1926,404,437]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is cave dwelling and can be found in natural and artificial caves, mines, tunnels, and other undergroundsites, generally hidden in cracks and crevices. There are isolated reports of roosts in tree holes or even bridges. Echolocation calls are very similar to those from Natterer’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF74194531719B919" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2237,2329,522,555]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with short and highly modulated pulses,starting at 120-140 kHz and ending at 15-20 kHz (broad frequency range of ¢.130 kHz). Discrimination of its calls from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF685940017CDB948" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2425,2509,601,634]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is difficult and controversial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFA5694F1165BB828" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFA5694F1165BB828" blockId="218.[1447,2659,290,1075]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFA5694F11668B9FB" bold="true" box="[1450,2152,680,713]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Escalera’s Myotisis considered sedentary. It will share roosts with other species such as the Long-fingered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF661949617F6B9C2" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2461,2550,719,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(M. capaccicnii) and Geoffroy’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF8F594A41963B828" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[1801,1891,765,794]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF88694A4164EB828" baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy" baseAuthorityYear="1806" box="[1914,2126,765,794]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emarginatus">M. emarginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFA509547175DB8EC" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFA509547175DB8EC" blockId="218.[1447,2659,290,1075]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFA5095471911B80D" bold="true" box="[1452,1809,798,831]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Disturbance, vandalism, and destruction of caves are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF7B59513169BB855" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1844" box="[2121,2203,842,871]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
threats to Escalera’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF63495131422B855" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2504,2594,842,871]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and can affect large colonies. Two ofthe largest colonies of Escalera’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03944D7DFF216A9EF6B99534179FB8BC" authority="Kaup, 1829" box="[2373,2463,877,910]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myotis</taxonomicName>
|
||
have recently disappeared due to inappropriate fencing. It might be more common than expected, especially in the most humid and coldest regions in its distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C8E6575FF216A9EFA5195B516D5BF1C" pageId="218" pageNumber="980" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="C42B36FEFF216A9EFA5195B516D5BF1C" blockId="218.[1447,2659,290,1075]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E0EAECFF216A9EFA5195B51847BF37" bold="true" box="[1453,1607,1004,1029]" pageId="218" pageNumber="980">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Cabrera (1904), Coraman et al. (2019), Evin et al. (2009), Ibanez et al. (2006), Juste etal. (2019), Puechmaille, Allegrini et al. (2012), Ruedi et al. (2019), Salicini et al. (2013).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |