228 lines
19 KiB
XML
228 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-10-e94853" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D32D9106D4475E459D819B00DB23BE18" ID-ZooBank="BE54E35BFDB545508FEFA3FC5702EEC4" ModsDocID="1314-2828-10-e94853" checkinTime="1670331267333" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lin, Yejie, Li, Shuqiang, Zhao, Xin, Chen, Zhanqi & Chen, Haifeng" docDate="2022" docId="3A3D7EFE07DE52FBA0E592ED4823B433" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 10: e94853" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 10" docPubDate="2022-12-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853" docTitle="Eresus da Lin & Li 2022, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="D32D9106D4475E459D819B00DB23BE18" lastPageNumber="94853" masterDocId="D32D9106D4475E459D819B00DB23BE18" masterDocTitle="Two new Eresus species (Araneae, Eresidae) from Xinjiang, China" masterLastPageNumber="94853" masterPageNumber="94853" pageNumber="94853" updateTime="1670331267333" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new Eresus species (Araneae, Eresidae) from Xinjiang, China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lin, Yejie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-2731</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">linyejie15@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhao, Xin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Zhanqi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Haifeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5838-3700</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity, College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chenhaifeng@lfnu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-06</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>94853</mods:start>
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<mods:end>94853</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-10-e94853</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BE54E35BFDB545508FEFA3FC5702EEC4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D32D9106D4475E459D819B00DB23BE18</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3D7EFE07DE52FBA0E592ED4823B433" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A3D7EFE07DE52FBA0E592ED4823B433" lastPageNumber="94853" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">
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<taxonomicName LSID="3A3D7EFE-07DE-52FB-A0E5-92ED4823B433" authority="Lin & Li" authorityName="Lin & Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus da" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="da" status="sp. n.">Eresus da Lin & Li</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Xin Zhao, Li" country="China" determinerName="Yejie Lin" elevation="0" latitude="44.392" location="Autonomous Region" longitude="87.8707" municipality="Eresus da Lin" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Type status:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Xin Zhao, Li" country="China" determinerName="Yejie Lin" elevation="0" latitude="44.392" location="Autonomous Region" longitude="87.8707" municipality="Eresus da Lin" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Occurrence:</emphasis>
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recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Xin Zhao</collectorName>
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; individualID: IZCAS-Ar43547; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">female</specimenType>
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; occurrenceID:
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<uuid>9B247645-5769-574E-9924-00D870022C35</uuid>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Taxon:</emphasis>
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taxonID:
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<uri>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid>A52C7C88-A951-4E80-8B28-751DDF692327</uuid>
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</uri>
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; scientificName:
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<collectingMunicipality>Eresus da Lin</collectingMunicipality>
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&
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<collectorName>Li</collectorName>
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, sp. n.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Eresidae; genus: Eresus;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Location:</emphasis>
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country:
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<collectingCountry name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">China</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince:
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<collectingRegion country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur">Xinjiang Uygur</collectingRegion>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3D7EFE07DE52FBA0E592ED4823B433:D135F72DB3F23CC5436F5790ED9B54A5" country="China" latitude="44.392" longitude="87.8707" municipality="Eresus da Lin" name="Autonomous Region" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Autonomous Region</location>
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; county: Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture; municipality: Fukang City; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A3D7EFE07DE52FBA0E592ED4823B433:A921E4FF0813DEDE3DED06A9E40D7486" country="China" latitude="44.392" longitude="87.8707" municipality="Eresus da Lin" name="Wutonggou National Desert Park" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Wutonggou National Desert Park</location>
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; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" unit="m" value="388.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" unit="m" value="388.0">388 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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</elevation>
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; decimalLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" value="44.3920">44.3920</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" value="87.8707">87.8707</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Identification:</emphasis>
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identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Yejie Lin</determinerName>
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;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Event:</emphasis>
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year: 2022; month: 7; day: 25
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</materialsCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">
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Female (Holotype, IZCAS-Ar43547): Habitus as in Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F8133570" captionText="Figure 2. Eresus da sp. n. holotype female (A, B) and E. yukuni sp. n. holotype male (C, D), habitus. A, C dorsal view; B, D lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743212" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">2</figureCitation>
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A and B. Carapace 10.88 long, 8.62 wide, 8.92 high. Carapace nearly equally wide at pars cephalica and pars thoracica. Carapace red-brown with white setae; pars cephalica elevated. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.21, ALE 0.26, PME 0.51, PLE 0.33, AME-AME 0.37, AME-ALE 3.56, PME-PME 0.65, PME-PLE 2.52, AME-PME 0.11. Pars cephalica with a pointed posterior margin dorsally, almost as long as wide. Chelicerae covered with narrowed white and black setae. Legs with a white ring of setae at joints. Legs with ventral macrosetae on Ta, Mt and Ti I-IV. Leg measurements: I: 17.83 (5.17+5.90+3.94+2.82); II: 16.46 (5.54+5.89+2.94+2.09); III: 14.77 (4.80+5.68+2.63+1.66); IV: 19.53 (6.33+7.29+3.74+2.17). Abdomen dark brown, covered with black setae, with white spots, sigilla conspicuous, surrounded by white setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">
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Epigyne (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F8128223" captionText="Figure 3. Eresus da sp. n. holotype female A epigyne, ventral view; B vulva, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738584" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">3</figureCitation>
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) with sclerotised margins, longer than high. Middle plant beyond posterior edge of epigyne margin. Fissure bow-shaped. Copulatory duct translucent, with spermathecal epithelium on anterior edge. Spermathecae distinctly lobed, reaching further laterally than copulatory ducts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">
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Females of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lin & Li" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus da" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="da">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Eresus da</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">E. kollari</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by a relatively gentle slope of the ocular area (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F8133570" captionText="Figure 2. Eresus da sp. n. holotype female (A, B) and E. yukuni sp. n. holotype male (C, D), habitus. A, C dorsal view; B, D lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743212" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">2</figureCitation>
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C and D;
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<bibRefCitation author="Řezac, Milan" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" pagination="263 - 287" refId="B8128185" refString="Řezac, Milan, Pekar, Stano, Johannesen, Jes, 2008. Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of central European Eresus species (Araneae: Eresidae). Zoologica Scripta 37 (3): 263 - 287" title="Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of central European Eresus species (Araneae: Eresidae)" volume="37" year="2008">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Řezáč">Řezac</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 4D;
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<bibRefCitation author="Miller, Jeremy" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" pagination="1 - 144" refId="B8128165" refString="Miller, Jeremy, Griswold, Charles, Scharff, Nikolaj, Řezac, Milan, Szűts, Tamas, Marhabaie, Mohammad, 2012. The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae). ZooKeys 195: 1 - 144" title="The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)" volume="195" year="2012">Miller et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 2F) and with the epigynal area longer than high (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F8128223" captionText="Figure 3. Eresus da sp. n. holotype female A epigyne, ventral view; B vulva, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738584" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">3</figureCitation>
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A;
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<bibRefCitation author="Řezac, Milan" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" pagination="263 - 287" refId="B8128185" refString="Řezac, Milan, Pekar, Stano, Johannesen, Jes, 2008. Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of central European Eresus species (Araneae: Eresidae). Zoologica Scripta 37 (3): 263 - 287" title="Taxonomic review and phylogenetic analysis of central European Eresus species (Araneae: Eresidae)" volume="37" year="2008">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Řezáč">Řezac</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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, figs. 2A-J). This species can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">E. kollari</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the abdomen with a large number of white spots (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F8133570" captionText="Figure 2. Eresus da sp. n. holotype female (A, B) and E. yukuni sp. n. holotype male (C, D), habitus. A, C dorsal view; B, D lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/743212" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">2</figureCitation>
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D) (vs. abdomen uniformly black in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">E. kollari</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), the anterior edge of copulatory duct within the anterior edge of epigyne (vs. beyond the anterior edge of epigyne in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">E. kollari</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and the ventral of fissure curved (vs. almost straight in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. kollari" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kollari">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">E. kollari</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F8128221" captionText="Figure 4. Eresus spp., outlines of copulatory organs (green line, Eresus da sp. n.; red line, E. kollari, changed after Řezac et al. (2008). A epigyne, ventral view; B vulva, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/738583" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Etymology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">
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The species name is a noun in apposition derived from the Chinese pinyin
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“dà”">"da"</normalizedToken>
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(giant) and refers to the large size of this new species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Known only from the type locality (Xinjiang, China).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="94853" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">Ecology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">
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The spider was found behind a clump of desert plants (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F8133568" captionText="Figure 1. Eresus da sp. n. holotype female. A habitat; B microhabitat; C tunnel wrapped with beetle skeleton; D beetle skeleton (Pimeliinae sp.); E spider with nest." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740411" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">1</figureCitation>
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A). The spider habitat is under the ground, with a silk tunnel (around 20 cm in length) connecting its opening and underground nest (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F8133568" captionText="Figure 1. Eresus da sp. n. holotype female. A habitat; B microhabitat; C tunnel wrapped with beetle skeleton; D beetle skeleton (Pimeliinae sp.); E spider with nest." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740411" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">1</figureCitation>
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A and B). This underground living strategy may be an adaptive strategy for escaping from the sunlight heating and extremely high temperature of the ground surface. As the silken tunnel was wrapped with dozens of empty beetle exoskeletons (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F8133568" captionText="Figure 1. Eresus da sp. n. holotype female. A habitat; B microhabitat; C tunnel wrapped with beetle skeleton; D beetle skeleton (Pimeliinae sp.); E spider with nest." figureDoi="10.3897/BDJ.10.e94853.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/740411" pageId="0" pageNumber="94853">1</figureCitation>
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C and D), we assume that the desert-living beetles are the main diet of the spider, which has a thick fang to pierce the beetles while feeding. In addition, the small size of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="spider’s">spider's</normalizedToken>
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eyes suggest that the spider may adopt a sit-and-wait hunting strategy and that it does not rely on visual signals for hunting.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
|
||
</document> |