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<mods:title id="0539191F4D9A8A8B8CF6C11237903E8D">Some ascidians from the southern coast of Madagascar collected during the “ AtimoVatae ” survey</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3055E11FFF8CFF8C71A5CA2AFD216C99" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4893807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119508062" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4893807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3055E11FFF8CFF8C71A5CA2AFD216C99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3055E11FFF8CFF8C71A5CA2AFD216C99" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="F0E60382FF8CFF8D71A5CA2AFEFD6DD4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8CFF8D71A5CA2AFD186D35" blockId="28.[151,678,1614,1673]" box="[151,678,1614,1640]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="E30BE765FF8CFF8D71A5CA2AFD186D35" bold="true" box="[151,678,1614,1640]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8CFF8D71A5CA2AFD186D35" ID-CoL="6W4BY" authority="Plante &amp; Vasseur, 1966" authorityName="Plante &amp; Vasseur" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,678,1614,1640]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peresi">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8CFF8D71A5CA2AFD186D35" bold="true" box="[151,678,1614,1640]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8CFF8D71A5CA2AFEC16D35" bold="true" box="[151,383,1614,1640]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Polycitorella peresi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8CFF8D70B4CA2AFD186D35" author="Plante" box="[390,678,1614,1640]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Plante, R. &amp; Vasseur, P. (1966) Sur une collection d'ascidies de la region de Tulear (cote sud-ouest de Madagascar). Annales de l'universite de Madagascar, Sciences de la nature et mathematiques, 4, 143 - 152." type="journal article" year="1966">Plante &amp; Vasseur, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8CFF8D71A5CA15FEFD6DD4" blockId="28.[151,678,1614,1673]" box="[151,323,1649,1673]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8CFF8D71ACCA15FEB06DD4" box="[158,270,1649,1673]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1481,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,481,1460]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 23. Polycitoralla graphicum n. sp.: A, colony in formalin; C, spicules. Polycitorella peresi: B, colony in formalin, D, spicules. Scale bars A = 1 cm; B = 2 cm, C, D = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246205/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 23</figureCitation>
B,D)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0E60382FF8CFF8C71A5CADDFC906AF1" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8CFF8D71A5CADDFC946D92" blockId="28.[151,810,1721,1743]" box="[151,810,1721,1743]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8CFF8D71A5CADDFDED6D92" authority="Plante &amp; Vasseur, 1966" authorityName="Plante &amp; Vasseur" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,595,1721,1743]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peresi">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8CFF8D71A5CADDFEE36D92" box="[151,349,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Polycitorella peresi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8CFF8D7056CADDFDED6D92" author="Plante" box="[356,595,1721,1743]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Plante, R. &amp; Vasseur, P. (1966) Sur une collection d'ascidies de la region de Tulear (cote sud-ouest de Madagascar). Annales de l'universite de Madagascar, Sciences de la nature et mathematiques, 4, 143 - 152." type="journal article" year="1966">Plante &amp; Vasseur, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="C0EB1099FF8CFF8D736FCADDFD676D92" box="[605,729,1721,1743]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, Tulear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8CFF8C71A5CA9FFC906AF1" blockId="28.[151,1437,1787,2029]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8CFF8D71A5CA9FFF4F6C49" bold="true" box="[151,241,1787,1812]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Station.</emphasis>
TA 52 (MNHN A3 POL.B 13). The colonies are thick hard cushions with a circular or undulated outline, sometimes divided into lobes. The largest colony is
<quantity id="7F04FDECFF8CFF8D73EDCB7BFCA36C6A" box="[735,797,1823,1847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="10.0">10cm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="7F04FDECFF8CFF8D728CCB7BFC506C6A" box="[958,1006,1823,1847]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="cm" value="3.0">3cm</quantity>
in thickness. The top surface, without spicules, is glistening, opaque, black (
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8CFF8D7370CB20FD2D6C01" box="[578,659,1860,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1481,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,481,1460]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 23. Polycitoralla graphicum n. sp.: A, colony in formalin; C, spicules. Polycitorella peresi: B, colony in formalin, D, spicules. Scale bars A = 1 cm; B = 2 cm, C, D = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246205/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
B) or brown with patches of darker brown pigment spots in formalin. The oral apertures are not arranged in circular systems. The oral and atrial apertures of each individual are close to each other and slightly protruding at the colony surface, but the zooids are deeply withdrawn inside the colony. The zooids are encased in hollows of the tunic which contains densely packed spicules (
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8CFF8D7569CBD4FB0E6C95" box="[1115,1200,1968,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1481,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,481,1460]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 23. Polycitoralla graphicum n. sp.: A, colony in formalin; C, spicules. Polycitorella peresi: B, colony in formalin, D, spicules. Scale bars A = 1 cm; B = 2 cm, C, D = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246205/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
D). Both siphons are tubular with 6 lobes. The thoracic musculature is continuous extending in 2 strong ribbons along the abdomen.The branchial sac has 12 or 13 rows of stigmata. At the base of the thorax, on each side and near the endostyle, a circular depression without spicules can be seen remembering the didemnid lateral organs. This structure, difficult to see without staining, is different from the protruding organs described in other
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C72D8CCBBFBC26BAA" box="[1002,1148,223,247]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polycitorella</taxonomicName>
, more related to a fold of the body wall. These cup-like spots are also present in some re-examined zooids of two other species of
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C7479CD60FEC56A1D" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C7479CD60FF5D6A1D" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Polycitorella</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C71C3CD4DFEC56A1D" box="[241,379,297,320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coronaria">P. coronaria</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C7083CD4DFD9D6A1D" box="[433,547,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C7083CD4DFDA16A1D" box="[433,543,297,320]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae">P. mariae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The stomach is smooth-walled followed by a narrow tube posteriorly enlarged. A constriction separates the posterior intestine. Numerous testis vesicles and a central ovary occupy the gut loop. No larvae have been found. The spicules (
<figureCitation id="20C74C8CFF8DFF8C735DCD0BFD7E6ADA" box="[623,704,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1481,1504]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,481,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,481,1460]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 23. Polycitoralla graphicum n. sp.: A, colony in formalin; C, spicules. Polycitorella peresi: B, colony in formalin, D, spicules. Scale bars A = 1 cm; B = 2 cm, C, D = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246205/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
D) have an average size of 30 to 40µm, a few reach 55µm. All of them have the same shape in irregular rays with a blunt tip.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="EC830081FF8DFF8C71A5C9ADFD6D6EA3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246205/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[151,1436,481,1448]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8DFF8C71A5C9ADFD6D6EA3" blockId="29.[151,1436,1481,1534]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C71A5C9ADFE9F6E82" bold="true" box="[151,289,1481,1504]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C7015C9AEFD9C6EBD" box="[295,546,1482,1504]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polycitoralla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="graphicum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C7015C9AEFD9C6EBD" box="[295,546,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Polycitoralla graphicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="91BB3160FF8DFF8C731BC9AEFDDD6E82" box="[553,611,1482,1503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C731BC9AEFDDD6E82" bold="true" box="[553,611,1482,1503]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
: A, colony in formalin; C, spicules.
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C72E9C9AEFB1D6EBD" box="[987,1187,1482,1504]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peresi">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C72E9C9AEFB1D6EBD" box="[987,1187,1482,1504]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Polycitorella peresi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: B, colony in formalin, D, spicules. Scale bars A = 1cm; B = 2cm, C,D = 10µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="F0E60382FF8DFF8C71FBCA21FD216C99" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8DFF8C71FBCA21FD366C4D" blockId="29.[151,1436,1604,1989]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C71FBCA21FE836D00" bold="true" box="[201,317,1605,1629]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks.</emphasis>
Eight species of
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C70CDCA21FD2E6D00" box="[511,656,1605,1629]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C70CDCA21FD2E6D00" box="[511,656,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Polycitorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been described.
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C72B8CA22FB5B6D01" authority="Savigny, 1816" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[906,1253,1604,1629]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hospitiolum">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C72B8CA22FB946D00" box="[906,1066,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. hospitiolum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8DFF8C7508CA20FB636D01" author="Savigny" box="[1082,1245,1604,1628]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1816) Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres, Paris 1816, 2, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1816">Savigny, 1816</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C742ECA22FE766DDD" authority="Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot &amp; Monniot" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stellifera">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C742ECA22FA256D00" box="[1308,1435,1605,1629]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. stellifera</emphasis>
Monniot &amp; Monniot, 2001
</taxonomicName>
, both differ by few stigmata rows.
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C726ACA0DFB1F6DDD" authority="Nishikawa, 1980" authorityName="Nishikawa" authorityYear="1980" box="[856,1185,1640,1664]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="setoensis">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C726ACA0DFC646DDD" box="[856,986,1641,1664]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. setoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8DFF8C72D0CA0CFB1F6DDD" author="Nishikawa" box="[994,1185,1640,1664]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1980) Ascidians from the coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan, with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the National Science Museum, 13, 97 - 111." type="journal article" year="1980">Nishikawa, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has disk-shaped spicules.
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C71E0CAEAFD9A6DF9" authority="Monniot F., 1988" authorityName="Monniot F." authorityYear="1988" box="[210,548,1676,1701]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coronaria">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C71E0CAEAFEE26DF8" box="[210,348,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. coronaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8DFF8C7051CAE8FD9A6DF9" author="Monniot" box="[355,548,1676,1700]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Monniot, F. (1988) Ascidies de Nouvelle Caledonie. V. Polycitoridae du lagon. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (4), 10 A (2), 197 - 235." type="journal article" year="1988">Monniot F., 1988</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has circular systems and up to 20 rows of stigmata.
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C7559CAEAFACE6DF9" authority="Kott, 1990" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1990" box="[1131,1392,1676,1701]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C7559CAEAFB4F6DF8" box="[1131,1265,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8DFF8C75CACAE9FACE6DF9" author="Kott" box="[1272,1392,1676,1700]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Kott, P. (1990) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 2, Aplousobranchia (1). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 29 (1), 1 - 266." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has no dark pigment, spicules of 25–35µm, 10 rows of stigmata and no circular systems.
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C7552CAD5FB766D95" box="[1120,1224,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. m a r i a e</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8DFF8C75E6CAD4FA226D95" author="Michaelsen" box="[1236,1436,1712,1736]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1924) Ascidiae krikobranchiae von Neuseeland den Chatham und den Aukland Inseln. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturistorisk Forening: Kobenhavn, 77, 263 - 434" type="journal article" year="1924">Michaelsen, 1924</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="C0EB1099FF8DFF8C71E7CAB1FED56DB1" box="[213,363,1748,1772]" name="New Zealand" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
lacks dark pigment, lacks circular systems and the spicules are smaller.
<taxonomicName id="7FFC2B8AFF8DFF8C75A5CAB2FA266DB1" authority="Millar, 1962" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1962" box="[1175,1432,1748,1773]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polycitoridae" genus="Polycitorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallida">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C75A5CAB2FABC6DB0" box="[1175,1282,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. pallida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DC6D2DF8FF8DFF8C7438CAB0FA266DB1" author="Millar" box="[1290,1432,1748,1772]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Millar, R. H. (1962) Further descriptions of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum, 46 (7), 113 - 221." type="journal article" year="1962">Millar, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with 16 stigmata rows, has no dark pigment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8DFF8C71FBCB78FDC46CFD" blockId="29.[151,1436,1604,1989]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The
<typeStatus id="6747EEABFF8DFF8C71CECB79FE926C68" box="[252,300,1821,1845]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C70F6CB7AFDA16C68" box="[452,543,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. p e re s i</emphasis>
(MNHN A3 POL.B 11) consists in small pieces. The colour in life was said to be red. In formalin, the upper layer of the samples is soft and black, the columnar base is white and hard. The zooids are damaged, with about 13 rows of stigmata. The general aspect is the same as in Atimo Vatae samples and the spicules are the same in shape and size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8435009FF8DFF8C71FBCBCAFD216C99" blockId="29.[151,1436,1604,1989]" box="[201,671,1964,1989]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="8A888C1BFF8DFF8C71FBCBCAFE9A6C98" box="[201,292,1966,1989]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">P. p e re s i</emphasis>
is only known from
<collectingCountry id="C0EB1099FF8DFF8C7323CBC8FD256C99" box="[529,667,1964,1988]" name="Madagascar" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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