452 lines
52 KiB
XML
452 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="C59C9DDF8A4F3E506798B54E458C208D" ID-CLB-Dataset="45756" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b19396f2-3c0b-498a-9ef8-b0d4d048a00e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230569" ID-ZooBank="5841843E-BD84-40BC-A4C1-F67201114F1E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460421025121" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zhang, Dandan, Xu, Jiawen & Li, Jinwei" docDate="2014" docId="03E69528DF6EFFE80FED21913CB0FC38" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03796p286.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3796 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thliptoceras Warren 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="267" masterDocId="FFDFED50DF6FFFEA0F7A214C385FFFCC" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China" masterLastPageNumber="286" masterPageNumber="265" pageNumber="266" updateTime="1698329949100" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DE23F7303599F63FD14A7BA65D98E4B8">Review of the genus Thliptoceras Warren, 1890 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) from the Oriental region of China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="77D15E6A00FB2DEBF432BFFAFAF27592">Zhang, Dandan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C065B8839D6BEB7FC30430D7249214CA">Xu, Jiawen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AB87D2BC0B9C7EF05D3C43D4991B4285">Li, Jinwei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4AF36934DBA87CA536817BF5A9CCC55C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DE6855658FBC7DFC4D1FAFCB8082A467">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4F52DFBE8A7BBF998B1A9D9EC48C6CA6">3796</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C35577B5DF6EFFEB0FED219139BFFF3B" box="[151,480,221,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6EFFEB0FED219139BFFF3B" blockId="1.[151,480,221,247]" box="[151,480,221,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
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<heading id="D0B89352DF6EFFEB0FED219139BFFF3B" bold="true" box="[151,480,221,247]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0FED219139BFFF3B" ID-CoL="92P9L" authority="Warren, 1890" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,480,221,247]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FED219139BFFF3B" bold="true" box="[151,480,221,247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FED21913971FF3B" bold="true" box="[151,302,221,247]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
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Warren, 1890
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35577B5DF6EFFEB0FED206839F6F803" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6EFFEB0FED20683AC4FE94" blockId="1.[151,1436,292,436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0FED20683981FEF6" ID-CoL="92P9L" authority="Warren, 1890: 274" authorityName="Warren" authorityPageNumber="274" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,478,292,314]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FED20683948FEF6" box="[151,279,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
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Warren, 1890: 274
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54F49A9CDF6EFFEB0E9320693A44FEF6" box="[489,539,293,314]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0D0320683BADFEF6" ID-CoL="98KLP" authority="Warren, 1890" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1890" box="[633,1010,292,314]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variabilis">
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0D0320683B3EFEF6" box="[633,865,292,314]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras variabilis</emphasis>
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Warren, 1890
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</taxonomicName>
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(by subsequent designation by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEE022FDF6EFFEB0A4E20693970FE94" author="Hampson" page="377" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6EFFEB0A4E206938A2FE94" author="Hampson" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1896) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, Moths. Vol. IV. Printed by Taylor and Francis, London, i - xxviii, 1 - 594." type="book chapter" year="1896">Hampson, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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: 377
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</treatmentCitation>
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, but cited as "
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0EC7200F3AD8FE94" authority="Swinhoe" authorityName="Swinhoe" box="[445,647,322,344]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cascale">
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0EC7200F3A7FFE94" box="[445,544,322,344]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">T. cascale</emphasis>
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Swinhoe
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</taxonomicName>
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||
").
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6EFFEB0FED202E3CEDFE78" blockId="1.[151,1436,292,436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FED202E3944FEBB" box="[151,283,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Mimocomma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6EFFEB0E5B202E39F1FEBB" author="Warren" box="[289,430,353,375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" refString="Warren, W. (1895) New genera and species of Pyralidae, Thyrididae, and Epiplemidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 16, 460 - 477." type="journal article" year="1895">Warren, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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: 473.
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||
<typeStatus id="54F49A9CDF6EFFEB0E90202E3A43FEBB" box="[490,540,354,375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0D03202E3C5BFEBB" authority="Warren, 1895" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[633,1028,353,375]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Mimocomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvimargo">
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0D03202E3B2DFEBB" box="[633,882,353,375]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Mimocomma fulvimargo</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6EFFEB0C02202E3C5BFEBB" author="Warren" box="[888,1028,353,375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" refString="Warren, W. (1895) New genera and species of Pyralidae, Thyrididae, and Epiplemidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 16, 460 - 477." type="journal article" year="1895">Warren, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FED20CC3946FE5A" box="[151,281,384,406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Polychorista</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6EFFEB0E6420CD39F4FE5A" author="Warren" box="[286,427,384,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" refString="Warren, W. (1896) New species of Pyralidae from the Khasia Hills. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 18, 107 - 119." type="journal article" year="1896">Warren, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 109.
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||
<typeStatus id="54F49A9CDF6EFFEB0E9220CD3A45FE5A" box="[488,538,385,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0D0D20CC3C5FFE5A" authority="Swinhoe, 1890" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1890" box="[631,1024,384,406]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calvatalis">
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0D0D20CC3B3FFE5A" box="[631,864,384,406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras calvatalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6EFFEB0C1C20CC3C5FFE5A" author="Swinhoe" box="[870,1024,384,406]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" refString="Swinhoe, C. (1890) The moths of Burma. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 38, 161 - 296, pls. 6 - 8." type="journal article" year="1890">Swinhoe, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FED20D238B0FE78" box="[151,239,414,436]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Parudea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6EFFEB0F8E20D239D0FE78" author="Swinhoe" box="[244,399,414,436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" refString="Swinhoe, C. (1900) Noctuina, Geometrina and Pyralidina. In: Swinhoe, C., Walsingham, L. & Durrant, J. H. (Eds.), Catalogue of eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the Oxford University Museum, Part II. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 1 - 540, pls. 1 - 8." type="book chapter" year="1900">Swinhoe, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 523.
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<typeStatus id="54F49A9CDF6EFFEB0EB620D339A1FE78" box="[460,510,415,436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0D2120D23BE8FE78" authority="Swinhoe, 1900" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1900" box="[603,951,414,436]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Parudea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fimbriata">
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<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0D2120D23B48FE78" box="[603,791,414,436]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Parudea fimbriata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6EFFEB0C6720D23BE8FE78" author="Swinhoe" box="[797,951,414,436]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" refString="Swinhoe, C. (1900) Noctuina, Geometrina and Pyralidina. In: Swinhoe, C., Walsingham, L. & Durrant, J. H. (Eds.), Catalogue of eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the Collection of the Oxford University Museum, Part II. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 1 - 540, pls. 1 - 8." type="book chapter" year="1900">Swinhoe, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6EFFEB0FED20AD3AC8FD7C" blockId="1.[151,1437,481,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
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||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FED20AD394EFE36" bold="true" box="[151,273,481,506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">DIagnosIs.</emphasis>
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Species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0EEF20AD3A7DFE36" ID-CoL="92P9L" box="[405,546,481,506]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0EEF20AD3A7DFE36" box="[405,546,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
can be recognized superficially by a hind wing with the postmedial line either parallel with the termen or oblique and straight to behind CuA1, in the male by the modified antenna and in some species by modified, broad scales along the posterior margin of the forewing. In the male genitalia the combination of a narrowly triangular uncus usually with anteriorly directed lateral setae, a finger- to club-shaped editum, a sacculus with a dorsal process, and presence of an anellus are diagnostic for
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<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0C8B23383C21FD41" ID-CoL="92P9L" box="[1009,1150,628,653]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0C8B23383C21FD41" box="[1009,1150,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. The female genitalia are characterized by a sclerotized tubular antrum.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6EFFEB0FBD23F03C80FC1C" blockId="1.[151,1437,481,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0FBD23F0390AFD19" ID-CoL="92P9L" box="[199,341,700,725]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FBD23F0390AFD19" box="[199,341,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is superficially similar to
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0DEB23F03BF6FD18" ID-CoL="925HR" authority="Butler, 1879" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" box="[657,937,700,725]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Circobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0DEB23F03B54FD19" box="[657,779,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Circobotys</emphasis>
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Butler, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, but can be distinguished by the modified antenna with sinus and scale-tuft or scale-tooth, the minute outer mid-spur on the hind tibia, a finger-shaped editum, absence of sella and presence of anellus in the male, and a tubular antrum in the female.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0B8922483DDFFCD1" ID-CoL="92P9L" box="[1267,1408,772,797]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0B8922483DDFFCD1" box="[1267,1408,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is definitely close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0E1322643985FC8D" ID-CoL="92PLW" box="[361,474,808,833]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Toxobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0E1322643985FC8D" box="[361,474,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Toxobotys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, as Munroe and Mutuura mentioned (1968), based on similar wing pattern and valva shape. The two genera also share a modified antenna and a hind tibia with outer mid-spur minute in the male, a finger-shaped editum, a process to the sacculus and a sclerotized tubular antrum. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0BA9223C3D1BFC45" ID-CoL="92PLW" box="[1235,1348,880,905]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Toxobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0BA9223C3D1BFC45" box="[1235,1348,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Toxobotys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by an uncus with a distal appendix and a vinculum with a long dorsal process. The sclerotized transverse ridges posterior to the ostium in the female could be another apomorphy for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0B1D22F43C88FC1D" ID-CoL="92PLW" box="[1127,1239,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Toxobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0B1D22F43C88FC1D" box="[1127,1239,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Toxobotys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6EFFEB0FBD22903DCCF9AB" blockId="1.[151,1437,481,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FBD22903906FC39" bold="true" box="[199,345,988,1013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">DescrIptIon.</emphasis>
|
||
Head. Frons flat and oblique, seldom conically projecting. Labial palpus sinuate, obliquely upturned, exceeding frons by about length of head or a little less, third segment porrect. Maxillary palpus filiform. Antenna modified at base in male (except in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0DE825693B4FFBF1" box="[658,784,1060,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Toxobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0DE825693B4FFBF1" box="[658,784,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">T. gladialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), usually with sinus and scale-tuft or scale-tooth. Thorax.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6EFFEB0FED25043890FBAD" box="[151,207,1096,1121]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
tibia with inner mid-spur longer than other inner spurs and outer mid-spur minute in male, other outer spurs about 1/3–1/2 of inner. Forewing in males sometimes with frenulum hook extending posterodistad from behind costa (subcostal frenulum hook). Wing venation. Forewing cell about half length of wing; R1 from 2/3 to 4/5 of anterior margin of cell; R3 and R4 stalked at about 3/5–2/3 of distance from cell to apex; discocellulars curved; M1 much closer to R5 at base than to M2; CuA2 from 3/5–2/3 of posterior margin of cell; 2A sometimes absent. Hindwing with cell 1/3 length of wing; Sc+R1 and Rs anastomosed for 1/3– over 1/2 of Rs; CuA2 from 3/5–3/4 of posterior margin of cell. Abdomen. Posterior margin of 7th sternite bordered by modified scales. Male genitalia. Uncus slender and long, narrowly triangular or inverted T-shaped, usually with anteriorly directed setae along margin and dorsal surface. Valva narrow and long, costa usually with excavation and apex with spine; editum arising from base or middle of valva, curved, finger- to club-shaped, with apex sparsely setose; sella absent; sacculus inflated, with dorsal process submedially, sometimes with a process distally. Anellus usually developed. Aedeagus cylindrical, usually with spine-shaped cornuti. Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes flat, densely setose. Anterior apophyses longer, posterior apophyses short. Antrum widened and sclerotized, tubular, with ductus seminalis arising from close to its anterior end. Ductus bursae long, parallel-sided and usually more or less spiraled, usually membraneous. Corpus bursae with accessory bursae, signum rhomboid, sometimes bipartite and irregular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6EFFEB0FBD273E3CE0F963" blockId="1.[151,1437,481,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FBD273E393FF947" bold="true" box="[199,352,1650,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">DIstrIbutIon.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0E16273E39A5F947" ID-CoL="92P9L" box="[364,506,1650,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0E16273E39A5F947" box="[364,506,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6EFFEB0D04273E3A9BF947" box="[638,708,1650,1675]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6EFFEB0DAF273F3B47F946" box="[725,792,1651,1674]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6EFFEB0C52273E3B3BF947" box="[808,868,1650,1675]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6EFFEB0C0C273F3BBAF947" box="[886,997,1651,1675]" name="Myanmar" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6EFFEB0C8F273E3C04F947" box="[1013,1115,1650,1675]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6EFFEB0B16273E3CBDF947" box="[1132,1250,1650,1675]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6EFFEB0E9227DB3A39F963" box="[488,614,1686,1711]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6EFFEB0DF527DA3A8AF963" box="[655,725,1686,1711]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the majority of species occurs in the south.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6EFFEB0FBD27F639F6F803" blockId="1.[151,1437,481,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0FBD27F63978F91F" bold="true" box="[199,295,1722,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">BIology.</emphasis>
|
||
All Chinese material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0D4127F63A97F91F" ID-CoL="92P9L" box="[571,712,1722,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0D4127F63A97F91F" box="[571,712,1722,1747]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected at light and host information is not available. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6EFFEB0E762792399CF93B" author="Banziger" box="[268,451,1758,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" refString="Banziger, H. (1987) Description of new moths which settle on man and animals in S. E. Asia (genera Thliptoceras, Hemiscopis, Toxobotys, Pyralidae, Lepid.). Revue suisse de zoologie, 94 (4), 671 - 681." type="journal article" year="1987">Bänziger (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed mostly males of 5 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0CFE27923C4DF93B" ID-CoL="92P9L" box="[900,1042,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0CFE27923C4DF93B" box="[900,1042,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sucking lachrymal and other body fluids from animals or humans:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0D7E264F3AADF8D7" authority="Swinhoe" authorityName="Swinhoe" box="[516,754,1794,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cascale">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0D7E264F3A2CF8D7" box="[516,627,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">T. cascale</emphasis>
|
||
(Swinhoe)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sucking at the eye of a sambar deer (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0BDA264F3DCBF8D6" ID-CoL="T56R" authority="Kerr" authorityName="Kerr" box="[1184,1428,1794,1819]" class="Mammalia" family="Cervidae" genus="Cervus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0BDA264F3D08F8D7" box="[1184,1367,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Cervus unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
Kerr
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and flying around an Indian elephant (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0D34266A3B4AF8F2" ID-CoL="398D9" box="[590,789,1830,1855]" class="Mammalia" family="Elephantidae" genus="Elephas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Proboscidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maximus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0D34266A3B4AF8F2" box="[590,789,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Elephas maximus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0C35266B3CD2F8F3" ID-CoL="56JBH" authority="Banziger" authorityName="Banziger" box="[847,1165,1830,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthropophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0C35266B3C40F8F3" box="[847,1055,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">T. anthropophilum</emphasis>
|
||
Bänziger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sucking perspiration of humans and lachrymal fluid of Indian elephants;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0DBA26073BA6F8AF" ID-CoL="7C8GR" authority="Banziger" authorityName="Banziger" box="[704,1017,1866,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umoremsugente">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0DBA26073BD3F8AE" box="[704,908,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">T. umoremsugente</emphasis>
|
||
Bänziger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sucking perspiration of a human and lachrymal fluid and blood droplets expelled by mosquitoes on elephant and buffalo;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0B0626233DC3F84B" ID-CoL="56JC2" authority="Banziger" authorityName="Banziger" box="[1148,1436,1902,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacriphagum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0B0626233D74F84B" box="[1148,1323,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">T. lacriphagum</emphasis>
|
||
Bänziger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sucking lachrymal fluid of a zebu (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0D4826DF3AE8F867" ID-CoL="MLPX" box="[562,695,1938,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0D4826DF3AE8F867" box="[562,695,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">Bos indicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) and elephant’s skin secretions;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6EFFEB0B2D26DF3D65F867" ID-CoL="56JC6" authority="Banziger" authorityName="Banziger" box="[1111,1338,1938,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shafferi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6EFFEB0B2D26DF3C94F867" box="[1111,1227,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="266">T. shafferi</emphasis>
|
||
Bänziger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sucking perspiration of a human.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35577B5DF6DFFE80FBD21DB3CB0FC38" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6DFFE80FBD21DB3CFCFEA9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80FBD21DB3964FF7C" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on external structures, the species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80C5121DB3BE7FF7C" box="[811,952,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80C5121DB3BE7FF7C" box="[811,952,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Oriental region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6DFFE80BAF21DB3D47FF7C" box="[1237,1304,151,176]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
are divided into three species groups:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80EB721F13B50FF19" authority="Caradja, 1925" authorityName="Caradja" authorityYear="1925" box="[461,783,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artatalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80EB721F13A13FF19" box="[461,588,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. artatalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6DFFE80D1A21F03B59FF19" author="Caradja" box="[608,774,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refString="Caradja, A. (1925) Ueber Chinas Pyraliden, Tortriciden, Tineiden nebst kurze Betrachtungen, zu denen das Studium dieser Fauna Veranlassung gibt (Eine biogeographische Skizze). Academia Romana Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, Seria 3, 3 (7), 257 - 383, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1925">Caradja, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80C6521F13D56FF19" authority="Munroe & Mutuura, 1968" authorityName="Munroe & Mutuura" authorityYear="1968" box="[799,1289,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80C6521F13B94FF18" box="[799,971,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. formosanum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6DFFE80CAC21F13D56FF19" author="Munroe" box="[982,1289,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refString="Munroe, E. G. & Mutuura, A. (1968) Contributions to a study of the Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of temperate East Asia II. The Canadian Entomologist, 100 (8), 861 - 868. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 100861 - 8" type="journal article" year="1968">Munroe & Mutuura, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80A6021F13966FF34" authority="Leech, 1889" authorityName="Leech" authorityYear="1889" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Toxobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80A6021F13DC3FF19" box="[1306,1436,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. gladialis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6DFFE80FE42193396FFF34" author="Leech" box="[158,304,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refString="Leech, J. H. (1889) New species of Deltoids and Pyrales from Corea, North China, and Japan. The Entomologist, 22, 62 - 71, pls. 2 - 4." type="journal article" year="1889">Leech, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80E0321AD3A6FFF34" box="[377,560,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicuspidatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80E0321AD3A6FFF34" box="[377,560,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. bicuspidatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2084557DF6DFFE80D4621933AC4FF34" box="[572,667,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80D4621933AC4FF34" bold="true" box="[572,667,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80D8221933B08FF34" box="[760,855,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artatalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80D8221933B08FF34" box="[760,855,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">artatalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80CC221AD3D27FF34" authority="Munroe & Mutuura, 1968" authorityName="Munroe & Mutuura" authorityYear="1968" box="[952,1400,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caradjai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80CC221AD3C69FF34" box="[952,1078,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. caradjai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6DFFE80B3921AC3D27FF34" author="Munroe" box="[1091,1400,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refString="Munroe, E. G. & Mutuura, A. (1968) Contributions to a study of the Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) of temperate East Asia II. The Canadian Entomologist, 100 (8), 861 - 868. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 100861 - 8" type="journal article" year="1968">Munroe & Mutuura, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80AFD21AD3970FED1" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicirculare" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80AFD21AD3970FED1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. semicirculare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2084557DF6DFFE80E46204839C4FED1" box="[316,411,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80E46204839C4FED1" bold="true" box="[316,411,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80ED520493A02FED1" box="[431,605,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisulciforme" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80ED520493A02FED1" box="[431,605,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. bisulciforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2084557DF6DFFE80D1020483A96FED1" box="[618,713,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80D1020483A96FED1" bold="true" box="[618,713,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80C7620493C3BFED1" authority="Warren, 1895" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[780,1124,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Mimocomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvimargo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80C7620493B46FED0" box="[780,793,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80C5720483BF8FED1" box="[813,935,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">fulvimargo</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6DFFE80CC120483C02FED1" author="Warren" box="[955,1117,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refString="Warren, W. (1895) New genera and species of Pyralidae, Thyrididae, and Epiplemidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Series 6, 16, 460 - 477." type="journal article" year="1895">Warren, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80BBF20483D7BFED1" box="[1221,1316,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caradjai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80BBF20483D7BFED1" box="[1221,1316,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">caradjai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80AFD20493A5DFE8C" authority="Banziger, 1987" authorityName="Banziger" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anthropophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80AFD20493914FE8C" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. anthropophilum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6DFFE80E29206B3A5DFE8C" author="Banziger" box="[339,514,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refString="Banziger, H. (1987) Description of new moths which settle on man and animals in S. E. Asia (genera Thliptoceras, Hemiscopis, Toxobotys, Pyralidae, Lepid.). Revue suisse de zoologie, 94 (4), 671 - 681." type="journal article" year="1987">Bänziger, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80D7520653B64FE8C" authority="Banziger, 1987" authorityName="Banziger" authorityYear="1987" box="[527,827,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shafferi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80D7520653ADDFE8C" box="[527,642,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. shafferi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6DFFE80DF6206B3B64FE8C" author="Banziger" box="[652,827,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refString="Banziger, H. (1987) Description of new moths which settle on man and animals in S. E. Asia (genera Thliptoceras, Hemiscopis, Toxobotys, Pyralidae, Lepid.). Revue suisse de zoologie, 94 (4), 671 - 681." type="journal article" year="1987">Bänziger, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80C3220653C2AFE8C" authority="Caradja, 1925" authorityName="Caradja" authorityYear="1925" box="[840,1141,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80C3220653BEAFE8C" box="[840,949,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. sinense</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDE59CFDF6DFFE80CB2206B3C33FE8C" author="Caradja" box="[968,1132,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" refString="Caradja, A. (1925) Ueber Chinas Pyraliden, Tortriciden, Tineiden nebst kurze Betrachtungen, zu denen das Studium dieser Fauna Veranlassung gibt (Eine biogeographische Skizze). Academia Romana Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, Seria 3, 3 (7), 257 - 383, pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1925">Caradja, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80BF920653D68FE8C" box="[1155,1335,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filamentosum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80BF920653D68FE8C" box="[1155,1335,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. filamentosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2084557DF6DFFE80A3A206B3DC3FE8C" box="[1344,1436,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80A3A206B3DC3FE8C" bold="true" box="[1344,1436,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80FBC2001396AFEA9" box="[198,309,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impube" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80FBC2001396AFEA9" box="[198,309,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. impube</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2084557DF6DFFE80E41200039CAFEA9" box="[315,405,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80E41200039CAFEA9" bold="true" box="[315,405,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80E9920013A6AFEA8" box="[483,565,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80E9920013A6AFEA8" box="[483,565,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group. Diagnoses for the three groups are given below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6DFFE80FBD20233991FD4B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
|
||
Sexual dimorphism is prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80D2D20233ABAFE44" box="[599,741,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80D2D20233ABAFE44" box="[599,741,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is expressed in antennal structure, wing shape and colour, wing venation and modified scales on male forewing, as well as in the size of the hind tibial mid-spur. All species in the Oriental region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35864AEDF6DFFE80EC220FB39A4FE1C" box="[440,507,439,464]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80D2C20F53A89FE1C" box="[598,726,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Toxobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80D2C20F53A89FE1C" box="[598,726,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. gladialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a modified antennal base. In the hind tibia of males the inner mid-spur is longer than the other inner spurs and the outer mid-spur is minute. Males of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80B8920903D0DFE39" box="[1267,1362,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artatalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80B8920903D0DFE39" box="[1267,1362,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">artatalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group have narrowly elongate forewings with an acute apex and a strongly oblique termen. Males of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80B85234D3D0DFDD4" box="[1279,1362,513,536]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80B85234D3D0DFDD4" box="[1279,1362,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group have modified scales along the posterior margin of the forewing obliquely extending forward, corresponding with a close approximation of 1A to CuA2 at the wing margin. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80C5123053BF7FDAC" box="[811,936,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Toxobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80C5123053BF7FDAC" box="[811,936,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. gladialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80CA523053CD8FDAC" box="[991,1159,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisulciforme" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80CA523053CD8FDAC" box="[991,1159,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. bisulciforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2084557DF6DFFE80BF4230B3CB7FDAC" box="[1166,1256,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80BF4230B3CB7FDAC" bold="true" box="[1166,1256,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
the female is in general paler than the male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6DFFE80FBD23DE3A47FC93" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
|
||
Wing shape and venation are usually very uniform at the generic level in the subfamily Pyraustinae. But in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80FED23FA397BFD03" box="[151,292,694,719]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80FED23FA397BFD03" box="[151,292,694,719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">Thliptoceras</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is a substantial range of variation in both wing shape and venation (Figs. 3–14). In males of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80FED239638A9FD3F" box="[151,246,730,755]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artatalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80FED239638A9FD3F" box="[151,246,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">artatalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group the forewings are narrowly elongate, with a strongly oblique termen and an acute apex, and the hindwings are nearly triangular. Both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80DCA224C3B74FCDB" box="[688,811,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caradjai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80DCA224C3B74FCDB" box="[688,811,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. caradjai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80C1D224C3C42FCDB" box="[871,1053,766,791]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semicirculare" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80C1D224C3C42FCDB" box="[871,1053,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. semicirculare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2084557DF6DFFE80B5C23B23CDDFCDB" box="[1062,1154,766,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80B5C23B23CDDFCDB" bold="true" box="[1062,1154,766,791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
have the forewing costa arched and the termen obliquely rounded. All other species have the forewing costa straight and the termen oblique, and the hindwing oblong.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF0243EDF6DFFE80FBD22263CB0FC38" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">
|
||
Variation of forewing venation is restricted to the course of CuA2, 1A and 2A. In the males of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80A7822203D0BFC4F" box="[1282,1364,876,899]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80A7822203D0BFC4F" box="[1282,1364,876,899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sinense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group vein 1A is closely approximated to CuA2 at the wing margin, and 2A is absent in these species in both sexes. In the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80FED22F438A9FC1D" box="[151,246,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artatalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80FED22F438A9FC1D" box="[151,246,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">artatalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80E1822F4399EFC1D" box="[354,449,952,977]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caradjai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80E1822F4399EFC1D" box="[354,449,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">caradjai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups 1A and 2A usually form a loop, with both ends of 2A fused with 1A in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80AFD22F538A6FC39" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Toxobotys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gladialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80AFD22F538A6FC39" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. gladialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80E55229139BEFC39" box="[303,481,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicuspidatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80E55229139BEFC39" box="[303,481,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. bicuspidatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2084557DF6DFFE80E9322903A1DFC39" box="[489,578,988,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80E9322903A1DFC39" bold="true" box="[489,578,988,1013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
but 2A reduced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80C6322913BCBFC39" box="[793,916,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artatalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80C6322913BCBFC39" box="[793,916,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. artatalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80CD822913C68FC39" box="[930,1079,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Mimocomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvimargo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80CD822913BF0FC38" box="[930,943,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80CC722903C68FC39" box="[957,1079,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">fulvimargo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4F5FBDDF6DFFE80B1722913CB9FC39" box="[1133,1254,988,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Thliptoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="267" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caradjai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93BF82CDF6DFFE80B1722913CB9FC39" box="[1133,1254,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="267">T. caradjai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |