254 lines
31 KiB
XML
254 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="AF30D04D83E8EA6822B9CADFC776AB12" ID-CLB-Dataset="302280" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.302.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b2a4d9b-61cd-4acf-b67f-39f7fc5d5e16" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13687091" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725487568464" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Suetsugu, Kenji" docDate="2017" docId="0389BB34FFA3B803FF60FE6FFBA4449A" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.302.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 302 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.3.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Gastrodia okinawensis Suetsugu 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="256" masterDocId="FFB0C34CFFA0B806FFE8FFD1FFEE406B" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Gastrodia (Gastrodieae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="251" pageNumber="254" updateTime="1725488259132" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7CA4DDE27572C157073F942FF9FFB110">
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<mods:title id="4188071F59671AE1654B1684273BD2B9">Two new species of Gastrodia (Gastrodieae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) from Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="48AB8AE6F287C6771AFD798B2B6E73BF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3F9C3413B4F1A2699E82E5D1D44640A1">Suetsugu, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7AC19DD8A2BE788F9E9705F359826629">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="77E7D14BCF3EBFF4A303DC8859D692C5">
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<mods:date id="E04284D277D348AAA0C13CFB46989CFE">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="652A393D5DC784B3554AE52C15BCF2E6">2017-04-04</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E6823EA6EA30352CC2BAE7D7ED8DAD24">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.302.3.4</mods:url>
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<treatment id="0389BB34FFA3B803FF60FE6FFBA4449A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13687101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13687101" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0389BB34FFA3B803FF60FE6FFBA4449A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0389BB34FFA3B803FF60FE6FFBA4449A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">
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<subSubSection id="C33A59A9FFA3B805FF60FE6FFD0E41B2" box="[136,736,446,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA3B805FF60FE6FFD0E41B2" blockId="3.[136,736,446,473]" box="[136,736,446,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">
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<heading id="D0D7BD4EFFA3B805FF60FE6FFD0E41B2" box="[136,736,446,473]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA3B805FF60FE6FFE1141B2" ID-CoL="8WVR4" authority="Suetsugu" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,511,446,473]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B954D630FFA3B805FF60FE6FFE6141B2" bold="true" box="[136,399,446,473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">Gastrodia okinawensis</emphasis>
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Suetsugu
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B954D630FFA3B805FDE2FE11FDB141B2" box="[522,607,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2676B4BFFA3B805FDE2FE11FDB141B2" box="[522,607,448,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B16A7FFA3B805FD85FE11FD3641B2" box="[621,728,448,473]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[136,229,1685,1706]" captionStartId-1="4.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,641,1660]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1415,195,1910]" captionTargetId-0="figure-167@3.[151,1436,641,1660]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@4.[166,1422,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Gastrodia okinawaensis from the type locality. A. Flowering plants. B. Flower, side view. C. Flower, front view." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Gastrodia okinawensis (from the holotype). A. Habit. B. Flower, view from above. C. Flower, side view. D. Flower, bottom view. E. Flower, Front view). F. Flattened perianth tube. G. Flattened lip. H.Anther cap. I. Column, bottom view. J. Column, side view. K. Column, top view).A. Bar = 3 cm., B–D., F. Bar = 1 cm., E, G, I–K. Bar = 5 mm., H = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13687099" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13687103" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13687099/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13687103/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33A59A9FFA3B803FF60FE37FDA041B2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA3B805FF60FE37FE844274" blockId="3.[136,1452,486,615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">
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Type:
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<emphasis id="B954D630FFA3B805FF56FE37FF3D4190" box="[190,211,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">—</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F3374AB2FFA3B805FF3CFE37FECE4190" box="[212,288,486,507]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
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. Ryukyu:
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<collectingRegion id="49E4C4C0FFA3B805FE97FE37FDE34190" box="[383,525,486,507]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49E4C4C0FFA3B805FDFEFE37FD834190" box="[534,621,486,507]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
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Island, Kunigami Village, Hungawa,
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<date id="FF9E2CE2FFA3B805FC3EFE37FB854190" box="[982,1131,486,507]" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" value="2016-03-12">12 March 2016</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="B954D630FFA3B805FB9CFE37FA424190" box="[1140,1452,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA3B805FB9CFE37FA904190" authority=", Watanabe, Watanabe" authorityName="Watanabe, Watanabe" box="[1140,1406,486,507]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Toma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Toma, Watanabe, Watanabe</taxonomicName>
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s. n.
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="549BB480FFA3B805FF2CFDDBFEF34274" box="[196,285,522,543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="ED3192E7FFA3B805FECEFDDBFE8E4274" box="[294,352,522,543]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15604" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15604" name="Kyoto University" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" type="Herbarium">KYO</collectionCode>
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!)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA3B805FF60FDFFFEBE420C" blockId="3.[136,1452,486,615]" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA3B805FF60FDFFFE8D4228" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,355,558,579]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawensis">
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<emphasis id="B954D630FFA3B805FF60FDFFFE8D4228" box="[136,355,558,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">Gastrodia okinawensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA3B805FE36FDFFFD6E4228" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2013" box="[478,640,558,579]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="takeshimensis">
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<emphasis id="B954D630FFA3B805FE36FDFFFD6E4228" box="[478,640,558,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">G. takeshimensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but is distinguished by having chasmogamous flowers with a paler perianth tube and longer column.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5F5AAAFFA3B805FF60F944FAD446C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13687099" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13687099" box="[136,1338,1685,1706]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13687099/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" startId="3.[136,229,1685,1706]" targetBox="[151,1436,641,1660]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA3B805FF60F944FAD446C1" blockId="3.[136,1338,1685,1706]" box="[136,1338,1685,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">
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<emphasis id="B954D630FFA3B805FF60F944FF1046C1" bold="true" box="[136,254,1685,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA3B805FEEBF944FE0546C1" box="[259,491,1685,1706]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawaensis">
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<emphasis id="B954D630FFA3B805FEEBF944FE0546C1" box="[259,491,1685,1706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">Gastrodia okinawaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the type locality. A. Flowering plants. B. Flower, side view. C. Flower, front view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA3B803FF60F90AFE7041FA" blockId="3.[136,1452,1755,2068]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1452,160,1265]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="256" pageId="3" pageNumber="254">
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Terrestrial, mycoheterotrophic herbs. Roots few, slender, often produced from the junction between rhizome and inflorescence after the flowering season. Rhizome tuberous, fusiform or cylindrical,
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FBBFF92EFB3D4773" box="[1111,1235,1791,1816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="20.0">20–60 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FAF7F92EFA624773" box="[1311,1420,1791,1816]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="3.0">3–10 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, yellowish brown, covered with numerous scales and root-hair-like unicellular hairs. Inflorescence erect, pale brown,
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FF36F896FEA0470B" box="[222,334,1863,1888]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="10.0">10–17 cm</quantity>
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long, 2.5–4.0 mm in diameter, 3–4 nodes, with tubular, membranous sheaths. Bracts ovate, up to 6 ×
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FF77F8BAFF0A47EF" box="[159,228,1899,1924]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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. Pedicel and ovary up to
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FDE9F8BAFDBE47EF" box="[513,592,1899,1924]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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long. Flowers 1–4, tubular, tilted upwards or downwards, resupinate,
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FA8DF8BAFF5A47C3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="18.0">18–21 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FF12F85EFEB947C3" box="[250,343,1935,1960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter. Sepals and petals united, forming a five-lobed perianth tube. Sepals subsimilar,
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FA8DF85EFF5A47A7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="18.0">18–21 mm</quantity>
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long, adnate ca. 4/5 their length with petals, lateral ones connate ca. 4/5 their length, outer surface pale brown with numerous white warty spots, margin entire or slightly undulate; free portion of dorsal sepal straight, ovate-triangular, obtuse at apex, ca. 5 ×
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FE65F82AFE3C487F" box="[397,466,2043,2068]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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; free portions of lateral sepals, triangular, acute at apex, ca. 5 ×
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA3B805FB4FF82AFB02487F" box="[1191,1260,2043,2068]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="254" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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. Free portions of petals ovate or ellipse, ca 3.0 ×
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FE05FF71FDA840D2" box="[493,582,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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. Lip joined with perianth tube, ca.
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FC26FF71FBF040D2" box="[974,1054,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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long, hypochile pale green without any appendages or calli; epichile pale greenish yellow to whitish reddish orange, ellipse, base contracted, disc 2 ridged, extended toward the apex, margin slightly undulate; the apical portion ligulate, reddish orange, ca.
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||
<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FABCFF39FA42416A" box="[1364,1452,232,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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wide. Column straight, semi-cylindrical, ca. 10.0 mm long, 2.0–
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FCB6FEDDFC5A414E" box="[862,948,268,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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wide, white; lateral wings (stelidia) distinct, narrow, the edges parallel to column, base slightly angled, apex acute; rostellum absent. Anther hemispheric, 1.0–
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FA62FEE1FF5A4106" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
in diameter, pollinia 2. Capsule cylindrical, ca.
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FD23FE85FCEC4106" box="[715,770,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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long, pedicel elongating to ca.
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FB89FE85FB3E4106" box="[1121,1232,340,365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="cm" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 cm</quantity>
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long in fruit. Seeds fusiform, ca.
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<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FEF5FEA9FEB041FA" box="[285,350,376,401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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long.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF5F5AAAFFA4B802FF60F870FBE14795" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13687103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13687103" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13687103/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" startId="4.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[192,1415,195,1910]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA4B802FF60F870FBE14795" blockId="4.[136,1452,1953,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA4B802FF60F870FF1047DD" bold="true" box="[136,254,1953,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA4B802FEECF870FE0E47DD" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[260,480,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="255" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA4B802FEECF870FE0E47DD" box="[260,480,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="255">Gastrodia okinawensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from the holotype). A. Habit. B. Flower, view from above. C. Flower, side view. D. Flower, bottom view. E. Flower, Front view). F. Flattened perianth tube. G. Flattened lip. H. Anther cap. I. Column, bottom view. J. Column, side view. K. Column, top view). A. Bar = 3 cm., B–D., F. Bar = 1 cm., E, G, I–K. Bar = 5 mm., H = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA5B803FF55FE4DFDA041B2" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FF55FE4DFDB541DE" bold="true" box="[189,603,411,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
Additional specimens examined:
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FDD7FE4AFDB541DE" bold="true" box="[575,603,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">—</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3374AB2FFA5B803FDB3FE4DFD5D41DE" box="[603,691,412,437]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ryukyu:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E4C4C0FFA5B803FCCBFE4DFC2941DE" box="[803,967,412,437]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E4C4C0FFA5B803FC39FE4DFBD841DE" box="[977,1078,412,437]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island, Azuma Village, Arakawa,
|
||
<date id="FF9E2CE2FFA5B803FF60FE11FEFD41B2" box="[136,275,448,473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="2012-03-02">2 Mar. 2012</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FEF6FE11FE1E41B2" box="[286,496,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Suetsugu et al. s.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3192E7FFA5B803FE17FE11FDAF41B2" box="[511,577,448,473]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15604" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15604" name="Kyoto University" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="Herbarium">KYO</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33A59A9FFA5B803FF55FE35FBA4449A" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA5B803FF55FE35FAE7424A" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FF55FE35FDDB4196" bold="true" box="[189,565,484,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Distribution and phenology:—</emphasis>
|
||
To date, the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FC96FE35FBC04196" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[894,1070,484,509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FC96FE35FBC04196" box="[894,1070,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">G. okinawensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E4C4C0FFA5B803FB07FE35FABA4196" box="[1263,1364,484,509]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island. Flowering was observed from late February to mid-March, and fruiting from late March through April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA5B803FF55FDFDFAB04292" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FF55FDFDFE42422E" bold="true" box="[189,428,556,581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Taxonomic notes:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FE43FDFDFD42422E" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[427,684,556,581]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FE43FDFDFD42422E" box="[427,684,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Gastrodia okinawensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by having an elongate perianth tube, which belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FF23FD81FEB54202" authorityName="Tuyama" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Honda" box="[203,347,592,617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FF23FD81FEB54202" box="[203,347,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">G. nipponica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.Among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FDA4FD81FD324202" authorityName="Tuyama" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Honda" box="[588,732,592,617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FDA4FD81FD324202" box="[588,732,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">G. nipponica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FCA6FD81FC164202" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[846,1016,592,617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FCA6FD81FC164202" box="[846,1016,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">G. okinawensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also characterized by relatively taller stature. Therefore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FEB6FDA5FDE442E6" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[350,522,628,653]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FEB6FDA5FDE442E6" box="[350,522,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">G. okinawensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FC88FDA5FBF142E6" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2013" box="[864,1055,628,653]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="takeshimensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FC88FDA5FBF142E6" box="[864,1055,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">G. takeshimensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which shares the same characters. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FF16FD49FE4542DA" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[254,427,664,689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FF16FD49FE4542DA" box="[254,427,664,689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">G. okinawensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by its different floral condition (chasmogamous vs. cleistogamous), colour of the perianth tube (pale brown with numerous white warty spots vs. dark brown), colour of the lip (pale greenish yellow to whitish-reddish orange vs. reddish orange) and length of column (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FB81FD31FB564292" box="[1129,1208,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD8A7C7FFA5B803FAE4FD31FABF4292" box="[1292,1361,736,761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA5B803FF55FCD5FEA54456" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FF55FCD5FE274376" bold="true" box="[189,457,772,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Reproductive notes:—</emphasis>
|
||
Pollinia of both species described here rapidly fragment into massulae before the flowers mature, which I observed by a careful dissection of flowers at different stages. Therefore, these species have an automatic selfing strategy. Mycoheterotrophic plants are often found growing on the dense forest floor, shaded by woodland or scrub. It can be theorized that mycoheterotrophy developed as an adaptation for these species to survive in such low-light conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB177D3FFA5B803FE38FC45FD3D43C6" author="Bidartondo, M. I. & Burghardt, B. & Gebauer, G. & Bruns, T. D. & Read, D. J." box="[464,723,916,941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="1799 - 1806" refId="ref2752" refString="Bidartondo, M. I., Burghardt, B., Gebauer, G., Bruns, T. D. & Read, D. J. (2004) Changing partners in the dark: isotopic and molecular evidence of ectomycorrhizal liaisons between forest orchids and trees. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 271: 1799 - 1806. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2004.2807" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Bidartondo
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FDBFFC45FD6143C6" box="[599,655,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, such low-light environments are not suited to species of insects commonly associated with pollination, which could limit plant reproduction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB177D3FFA5B803FBA7FC69FB0943BA" author="Herrera, C. M." box="[1103,1255,952,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="218 - 228" refId="ref3124" refString="Herrera, C. M. (1995) Floral biology, microclimate and pollination by ectothermic bees in an early-blooming herb. Ecology 76: 218 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1940644" type="journal article" year="1995">Herrera 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB177D3FFA5B803FB19FC69FAC343BA" author="Herrera, C. M." box="[1265,1325,952,977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="601 - 611" refId="ref3164" refString="Herrera, C. M. (1997) Thermal biology and foraging responses of insect pollinators to the forest floor irradiance mosaic. Oikos 78: 601 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3545623" type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It appears that most mycoheterotrophic species investigated to date (especially nectarless species) have indeed abandoned an insect-mediated pollination system in favor of automatic self-pollination (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB177D3FFA5B803FBFCFBD1FB224472" author="Suetsugu, K." box="[1044,1228,1024,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="375 - 378" refId="ref3960" refString="Suetsugu, K. (2013 a) Gastrodia takeshimensis (Orchidaceae), a new mycoheterotrophic species from Japan. Annales Botanici Fennici 50: 375 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.5735 / 085.050.0613" type="journal article" year="2013">Suetsugu 2013a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b, Suetsugu 2014,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB177D3FFA5B803FF60FBF5FED14456" author="Suetsugu, K." box="[136,319,1060,1085]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="115 - 125" refId="ref4152" refString="Suetsugu, K. (2015 c) Autonomous self-pollination and insect visitors in partially and fully mycoheterotrophic species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae). Journal of Plant Research 128: 115 - 125. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10265 - 014 - 0669 - 4" type="journal article" year="2015">Suetsugu 2015c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F0A22FFA5B803FF55FB99FBA4449A" blockId="5.[136,1452,160,1265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
|
||
This strategy can therefore be considered a mechanism that provides reproductive assurance to compensate for pollinator limitation due to their lack of nectar and a habitat hostile to pollinators. In extreme cases, complete cleistogamy can be observed in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FDD4FB41FCE044C2" box="[572,782,1168,1193]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FDD4FB41FD4344C2" box="[572,685,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Gastrodia</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
As suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB177D3FFA5B803FC30FB41FAE544C2" author="Tsukaya, H. & Hidayat, A." box="[984,1291,1168,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="77 - 80" refId="ref4877" refString="Tsukaya, H. & Hidayat, A. (2016) A new species of Gastrodia (Orchidaceae: Gastrodieae, Epidendroideae) from Java. Phytotaxa 273: 77 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 273.1.9" type="journal article" year="2016">Tsukaya & Hidayat (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, because both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FF60FB65FE7344A6" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,413,1204,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nipponicoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FF60FB65FE7344A6" box="[136,413,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Gastrodia nipponicoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2071A1FFA5B803FE3BFB65FD9044A6" authorityName="Suetsugu" authorityYear="2017" box="[467,638,1204,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Gastrodia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="okinawensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B954D630FFA5B803FE3BFB65FD9044A6" box="[467,638,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">G. okinawensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
open their flowers only slightly, it is possible that these two species also exhibit an evolutionary transitional stage between outcrossing and obligate autogamy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |