293 lines
34 KiB
XML
293 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="02C96D908AE402AF219BCBFAD7B9D826" ID-CLB-Dataset="45658" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3802.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43524c34-a5b7-4f7e-908a-3e3b61ffc6db" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252490" ID-ZooBank="CF479CC3-C014-460D-9C71-3A6C2AB2778B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460427181093" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jørgensen, Aslak, Boesgaard, Tom M., Møbjerg, Nadja & Kristensen, Reinhardt M." docDate="2014" docId="03F487B7FF86FFD868CE1D6AD71AA7F4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03802p443.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3802 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tanarctus hirsutospinosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="438" masterDocId="FFCDFFCFFFA7FFFD68591B0DD61FA000" masterDocTitle="The tardigrade fauna of Australian marine caves: With descriptions of nine new species of Arthrotardigrada" masterLastPageNumber="443" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="434" updateTime="1698330854638" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="1D91E800456E5A1A68DBB939BADD62E9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B1B4A1B8CDBB37E2CEFA7DD15C6D6D86">
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<mods:title id="563B253050BCB24355E18EA2FE37B4CC">The tardigrade fauna of Australian marine caves: With descriptions of nine new species of Arthrotardigrada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="58AB97837DB3963C8BA8B649E68476BF">Jørgensen, Aslak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="AFA946955347E941ED5B62D2C5D748F6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A9710576E7C36C0AE8291200BEBE464D">Boesgaard, Tom M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="46156B5A77BE131A0B524CE156A25FFF">Møbjerg, Nadja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5FD40322D41AA07C476DE6F3F520EB80">Kristensen, Reinhardt M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3D85AD525ABDABC3012DC6622B6D6549">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CB3824F92B1C2EC430634CD35B26A799">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D78E5C5B6A9E536AF8A28F63F6E858D7">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FD9B2C9195C40D6B91AB4F3110802DC8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="44B4D8D05A0046EA4FF2B06EF369BF3D">3802</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="52C7A5591F10529235B9F3DCBAE0775A">4</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="49E4C5A49535050463556E2E101CE6A1" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3802.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F487B7FF86FFD868CE1D6AD71AA7F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5691107" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5691107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487B7FF86FFD868CE1D6AD71AA7F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487B7FF86FFD868CE1D6AD71AA7F4" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFF86FFDC68CE1D6AD4ECA681" box="[151,755,1639,1665]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF86FFDC68CE1D6AD4ECA681" blockId="33.[151,755,1639,1665]" box="[151,755,1639,1665]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
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<heading id="D0AA81CDFF86FFDC68CE1D6AD4ECA681" bold="true" box="[151,755,1639,1665]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF86FFDC68CE1D6AD4ECA681" bold="true" box="[151,755,1639,1665]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
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Description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF86FFDC69161D6AD492A681" box="[335,653,1639,1665]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF86FFDC69161D6AD492A681" bold="true" box="[335,653,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Tanarctus hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nov. sp.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFF86FFDC68CE1DA3D471A77F" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF86FFDC68CE1DA3D471A77F" blockId="33.[151,1437,1710,2029]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF86FFDC68CE1DA3D70EA6C7" bold="true" box="[151,273,1710,1735]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A small tanarctid, with primary clavae longer than the total body length. The primary clavae with cuticular hairs. Teardrop-shaped secondary clava with a posterior arched furrow. Two cephalic projections are situated laterally on the head. A small cephalic vesicle filled with associated symbiontic bacteria is embedded in the head. Typical telescopic tanarctid leg construction with coxa, femur, lanceolate tibia and a conical tarsus with long internal and smaller external digits. Large simple clava-like fourth leg appendages with small cuticular hairs and a corrugated section on the flagellum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFF86FFDF689E1C86D5EFA0FA" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF86FFDF689E1C86D5EFA0FA" blockId="33.[151,1437,1710,2029]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF86FFDC689E1C86D766A7A4" bold="true" box="[199,377,1931,1956]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FF86FFDC689E1C86D71DA7A4" box="[199,258,1931,1956]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FF86FFDC69E21C86D402A7A4" box="[443,541,1931,1956]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(Fig. 18) is an adult female [
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<collectionCode id="ED4CAE64FF86FFDC6B261C86D5CCA7A3" box="[895,979,1931,1955]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">ZMUC</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="ED4CAE64FF86FFDC6B871C86D20BA7A3" box="[990,1044,1931,1955]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">TAR</collectionCode>
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1309] with openings for seminal receptacles and a fully developed gonopore; collected on
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<date id="FFE31061FF86FFDC6B171CBDD20CA7C8" box="[846,1043,1968,1992]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" value="1999-01-13">13 January 1999</date>
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from Jim’s Cave. A total of
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<specimenCount id="9D5BFD28FF86FFDC6DD91CA2D713A7ED" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF86FFDC696D1CDBD7BDA7ED" box="[308,418,2006,2029]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF86FFDC696D1CDBD7BDA7ED" box="[308,418,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Tanarctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were retrieved from the sediment samples; of which 12 were
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF86FFDC6C3C1CDBD32DA7ED" box="[1125,1330,2004,2029]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF86FFDC6C3C1CDBD32DA7ED" box="[1125,1330,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">T. hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF86FFDC6D631CD9D38AA7ED" bold="true" box="[1338,1429,2004,2029]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">nov. sp.</emphasis>
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, and the rest assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF85FFDF69901B94D428A0B0" box="[457,567,153,176]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF69901B94D428A0B0" box="[457,567,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Tanarctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6A1C1B9AD4B8A0B0" bold="true" box="[581,679,151,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">nov. sp.</emphasis>
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A (2 undescribed specimens),
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF85FFDF6C7E1B94D28AA0B0" box="[1063,1173,153,176]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6C7E1B94D28AA0B0" box="[1063,1173,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Tanarctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6CFD1B9AD31BA0B0" bold="true" box="[1188,1284,151,176]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">nov. sp.</emphasis>
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B (a single undescribed specimen) and a single undetermined specimen (
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<tableCitation id="C6DF031AFF85FFDF6B311BB1D5DFA0D5" box="[872,960,188,213]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,238,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1355,272,620]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Overview of the specimens collected at Fish Rock Cave (FRC) and Jim’s Cave (JC). If known the sex is stated as female (F), male (M) or larva (L). Undetermined species are also listed to give a better indication of the abundance of tardigrades in the samples." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF226629FFA4FFFE68CE1B95D7B1A0EF" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" tableUuid="DF226629FFA4FFFE68CE1B95D7B1A0EF">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). The
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FF85FFDF6C4C1BB0D25AA0D5" box="[1045,1093,189,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">type</typeStatus>
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material is deposited in The Natural History Museum of
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<collectingCountry id="F34A7631FF85FFDF698D1BECD420A0FA" box="[468,575,225,250]" name="Denmark" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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, University of Copenhagen,
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<collectingCountry id="F34A7631FF85FFDF6BD91BECD5F3A0FA" box="[896,1004,225,250]" name="Denmark" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Denmark</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFF85FFDF689E1A0BD308A11F" box="[199,1303,262,287]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF85FFDF689E1A0BD308A11F" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" box="[199,1303,262,287]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF689E1A0BD751A11F" bold="true" box="[199,334,262,287]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The name refers to the Latin
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6AC01A0BD4ECA11F" box="[665,755,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">hirsutus</emphasis>
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meaning “hairy” and
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6BB21A0AD254A11E" box="[1003,1099,263,286]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">spinosus</emphasis>
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meaning “spiny”.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C347652AFF85FFD9689E1A26D233A53B" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="437" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF85FFDF689E1A26D778A1B2" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF689E1A26D408A144" bold="true" box="[199,535,299,324]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
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Description of the
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FF85FFDF69F01A26D40DA144" box="[425,530,299,324]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The holotypic female of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF85FFDF6B641A21D27BA144" box="[829,1124,299,324]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6B641A21D27BA144" box="[829,1124,299,324]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Tanarctus hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6C341A26D2D6A144" bold="true" box="[1133,1225,299,324]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">nov. sp.</emphasis>
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measures 103 µm long and 59 µm wide between second and third leg pair (Figs 18 and 19A). The head is clearly distinct from the body, which appears slender, and ovoid with a complete set of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF85FFDF6B041A79D5E4A18D" box="[861,1019,372,397]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Halechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6B041A79D5E4A18D" box="[861,1019,372,397]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Halechiniscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like cephalic appendages (Fig. 20A; SEM of
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<typeStatus id="54E68803FF85FFDF68AF1A97D743A1B2" box="[246,348,410,434]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF85FFDF689E1AB2D528A245" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Ten amoebocytes are embedded in the surface of the brain, five anterior to the mouth cone and five posterior. On both sides of the head two cephalic projections protrude in between the large cirrophorus of the primary clava and the first leg pair. A small cephalic vesicle filled with associated symbiontic bacteria is situated anteriorly in between the internal cirri and ventrally to the median cirrus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF85FFDF689E195CD5CDA346" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">The 12 µm long median cirrus consists of a simple but strong flagellum extending from the area above the vesicle. The 27 µm internal cirrus consists of a prominent scapus and a long thin flagellum. The scapi of the internal cirri are dorsally connected by a cuticular sheet. The 25 µm external cirrus consists of a large scapus and a composite flagellum divided into proximal and distal sections. The 15 µm short lateral cirrus is a well developed flagellum which shares a prominent cirrophorus with the primary clava. The “van der Land’s organ” is clearly visible within the cirrophorus. The 153 µm primary clava has proximal small thin hairs. The teardrop-shaped secondary clavae are situated ventrally above and around the mouth cone.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF85FFDF689E185ED51FA500" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">The mouth opening is located in the center of a prominent six-lobed mouth cone. The 23 µm long buccal tube stretches from the mouth to the three-lobed pharyngeal bulb. The two long needle-shaped stylets are 23 µm long and supported by 9 µm long stylet supports, which extend from the stylet furcae (Fig. 19B). The hooked-shaped tanarctid placoids are 7 µm long with a bulbous outer branch imbedded in the three-lobed pharyngeal bulb. From the short esophagus the pharyngeal bulb is connected to the large apparently empty intestine which ends at a posterior anus. The anus is covered with two overlapping folds and a minor caudal fold giving it a characteristic wave-like appearance. The gonopore, the outer character of the reproductive system, is located on a large ovoid papilla surrounded by a rosette comprised of six cells. The distance between the gonopore and anus is 12 µm. The reproductive system consists of a single ovary with a single ovum or oocyte. Nurse cells were not visible in the upper part of the ovary. Seminal receptacles are visible laterally between leg pair III and IV. Each receptacle consists of a globe-like vesicle connected to a tube-shaped genital duct that opens lateral to the female gonopore. A few spermatozoa are visible in the seminal receptacles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF85FFDF689E1E01D595A5DD" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Each telescopic leg pair consists of a coxa, femur, tibia and tarsus. Each coxa, indistinctly separated from the femur, bears a simple leg sense organ. The first leg spine is 10 µm long. The second and third spines are of both 12 µm. The sense organ on leg pair IV consists of a large 15 µm long ampulla-like cirrophorus and a very long and slender clava-like appendage (flagellum) with a combined length of 352 µm. Small thin cuticular hairs are placed in the first (proximal) half of the appendage (Figs 20B and 20C). The extensions of the hair-like structures end in a 5 µm long corrugated section. The rest of the appendage is smooth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF85FFDF689E1EE4D48EA64B" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Each conical tarsus extends from a lanceolate tibia and consists of four digits, two shorter (8 µm long) external and two larger 12 µm internal digits with a basal fold. A small cushion-like structure is seen ventrally in the Vshaped part of each tarsus (Figs 18 and 19C).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF85FFDF689E1D5AD49EA6DE" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
|
||
The simple claw of internal digits has a well-defined calcar and a small anterior spur (Fig. 20E; SEM of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68803FF85FFDF68CE1D70D6E2A695" box="[151,253,1661,1685]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Claw glands are visible in each coxa extending into the femur. Cirrus E, situated between leg pair III and IV, consists of a short (4 µm) cirrophorus and a long (40 µm) smooth thread-like flagellum with several small proximal punctuations (Figs 19A and 20D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF85FFDF689E1DE6D31CA703" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1796]" box="[199,1283,1771,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">
|
||
Morphometric data of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68803FF85FFDF69B41DE6D450A704" box="[493,591,1771,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF85FFDF6A2D1DE1D586A704" box="[628,921,1771,1796]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="34" pageNumber="435" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6A2D1DE1D586A704" box="[628,921,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">Tanarctus hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF85FFDF6BF91DE6D5E6A704" bold="true" box="[928,1017,1771,1796]" pageId="34" pageNumber="435">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
is presented in Table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF84FFDE68CE1C4AD5A5A7DA" blockId="35.[151,1437,1863,2013]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF84FFDE68CE1C4AD739A75C" bold="true" box="[151,294,1863,1885]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Drawing of the holotypic female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF84FFDE6A941C45D5FFA75D" box="[717,992,1863,1885]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="35" pageNumber="436" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF84FFDE6A941C45D5FFA75D" box="[717,992,1863,1885]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">Tanarctus hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF84FFDE6BA91C4AD254A75C" bold="true" box="[1008,1099,1863,1884]" pageId="35" pageNumber="436">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
(ventral view). Abbreviations: am—amoebocyte; an—anus; bt—buccal tube; bv—bacteria filled vesicle; cE—cirrus E; ch—cuticular hair; cg—claw gland; ec—external cirrus; fe—femur; go—gonopore; ic—internal cirrus; lc—lateral cirrus; mc—median cirrus; mo—mouth cone; ov—ovary; pl—placoid; pc—primary clava; sc—secondary clava; se1–4—leg sense organs 1–4;; sr—seminal receptacle; st—stylet; vb1—“van der Land’s organ” of primary clava; vc—ventral cushion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF83FFD968CE1FCAD233A53B" blockId="36.[151,1436,1223,1339]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD968CE1FCAD703A4DC" bold="true" box="[151,284,1223,1245]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
LM of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD969311FC5D46FA4DD" box="[360,624,1223,1245]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD969311FC5D46FA4DD" box="[360,624,1223,1245]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Tanarctus hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96A2E1FCAD4D7A4DC" bold="true" box="[631,712,1223,1244]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
A. Ventral view of holotypic female. B. Close-up of buccal apparactus of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68803FF83FFD968ED1FEBD70FA4FC" box="[180,272,1254,1276]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. C. Close-up of fourth pair of legs (third
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E68803FF83FFD96A9D1FEAD53FA4FC" box="[708,800,1255,1276]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
). Abbreviations: bt—buccal tube; cE—cirrus E; ec—external cirrus; ed—external digit; ic—internal cirrus; id—internal digit; lc—lateral cirrus; pl—placoid; pc—primary clava; se2–4—leg sense organs 2–4; ss—stylet support; st—stylet; ta—tarsus; ti—tibia; vc—ventral cushion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347652AFF83FFD8689E1E65D71AA7F4" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="438" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF83FFD9689E1E65D48EA6C5" blockId="36.[151,1436,1384,2021]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD9689E1E65D724A581" bold="true" box="[199,315,1384,1409]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
A unique feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96A721E64D54DA581" box="[555,850,1384,1409]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96A721E64D54DA581" box="[555,850,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Tanarctus hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96B031E65D5AAA581" bold="true" box="[858,949,1384,1409]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
is the small vesicle in the head filled with symbiotic bacteria, a character usually associated with the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96BAF1E81D29EA5A5" box="[1014,1153,1420,1445]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Florarctinae">Florarctinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The cave dwelling
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96DDE1E83D758A5C9" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96DDE1E83D758A5C9" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD969171EBDD7B7A5C9" bold="true" box="[334,424,1456,1481]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
has the longest (352 µm) fourth leg appendages known from any arthrotardigrade, which are more than three times the length of the body, and small cuticular hair-like structures (Figs 18–20). Small cuticular hairs are also present on the primary clavae; a character shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96C181EF4D2E8A611" box="[1089,1271,1528,1553]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="arbospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96C181EF4D2E8A611" box="[1089,1271,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. arbospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The recently described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD969491D13D41DA635" box="[272,514,1564,1589]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="diplocerus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD969491D13D41DA635" box="[272,514,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Tanarctus diplocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from a Japanese marine cave, has almost as long but simple sense organs (Fujimoto
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD9694B1D4CD751A659" box="[274,334,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013). When compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96ACF1D4CD549A659" box="[662,854,1600,1625]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="arborspinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96ACF1D4CD549A659" box="[662,854,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. arborspinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96B311D4CD219A659" box="[872,1030,1600,1625]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="dendriticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96B311D4CD219A659" box="[872,1030,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. dendriticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96C1C1D4CD2F1A659" box="[1093,1262,1600,1625]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="longisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96C1C1D4CD2F1A659" box="[1093,1262,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. longisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which do not possess vesicles with symbiotic bacteria and have more branched fourth leg appendages, the slender and spiny clava-like fourth leg appendage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96A651D84D511A6A1" box="[572,782,1672,1697]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96A651D84D511A6A1" box="[572,782,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96B421D85D565A6A1" bold="true" box="[795,890,1672,1697]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
appears to be a plesiomorphic character (see discussion in Jørgensen & Kristensen, 2001).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF83FFD9689E1DDCD23AA79D" blockId="36.[151,1436,1384,2021]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
|
||
In most tanarctid literature the leg appendages are called papilla I–IV (Gallo D’Addabbo
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96C801DDCD30BA6E9" box="[1241,1300,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999). The description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD969191DFBD431A70D" box="[320,558,1780,1805]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="bubulubus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD969191DFBD431A70D" box="[320,558,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Tanarctus bubulubus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
added a new species to the group of tanarctids with strongly modified leg appendages and this clade of four tanarctid species with balloon- or leaf-like structures terminating the sense organ of the fourth leg was suggested by Jørgensen & Kristensen (2001).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96BD11C33D24BA755" box="[904,1108,1852,1877]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96BD11C33D24BA755" box="[904,1108,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96C021C31D2ABA755" bold="true" box="[1115,1204,1852,1877]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
joins a second clade of tanarctids with hair-like structures on simple or branched, clavae-like fourth leg sense organs, which includes:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96DDE1C6CD728A79D" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="arborspinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96DDE1C6CD728A79D" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. arborspinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD9691C1C8BD7C1A79D" box="[325,478,1924,1949]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="dendriticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD9691C1C8BD7C1A79D" box="[325,478,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. dendriticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD96A4C1C8BD200A79D" authority="Jorgensen & Kristensen 2001" authorityName="Jorgensen & Kristensen" authorityYear="2001" box="[533,1055,1924,1949]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="longisetosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96A4C1C8BD4A4A79D" box="[533,699,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. longisetosus</emphasis>
|
||
(Jørgensen & Kristensen 2001)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF83FFD9689E1CA4D36FA7E5" blockId="36.[151,1436,1384,2021]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">
|
||
Among the many undescribed tanarctid species present at the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A7631FF83FFD96B321CA4D5B5A7C0" box="[875,938,1961,1984]" name="Faroe Islands" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">Faroe</collectingCountry>
|
||
Bank (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B50FF83FFD96BA11CA4D2D7A7C1" author="Hansen" box="[1016,1224,1960,1985]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" refString="Hansen, J. G., Jorgensen, A. & Kristensen, R. M. (2001) Preliminary studies of the tardigrade fauna of the Faroe Bank. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 385 - 393. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1078 / 0044 - 5231 - 00046" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Hansen
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96C0A1CA4D295A7C1" box="[1107,1162,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) at least one shares many similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF83FFD969CA1CC3D446A7E5" box="[403,601,1996,2021]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="36" pageNumber="437" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD969CA1CC3D446A7E5" box="[403,601,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">T. hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF83FFD96A381CC1D4A7A7E5" bold="true" box="[609,696,1996,2021]" pageId="36" pageNumber="437">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
, including the long and hairy clava-like fourth leg appendages.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236A1FF82FFD868CE1C6CD71AA7F4" blockId="37.[151,1436,1889,2036]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF82FFD868CE1C6CD73BA776" bold="true" box="[151,292,1889,1911]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D22FF82FFD869D71C6FD483A777" box="[398,668,1889,1911]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Tanarctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="37" pageNumber="438" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hirsutospinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF82FFD869D71C6FD483A777" box="[398,668,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">Tanarctus hirsutospinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAB3FF82FFD86AFE1C6FD4E2A777" bold="true" box="[679,765,1890,1911]" pageId="37" pageNumber="438">nov. sp.</emphasis>
|
||
A. Dorsal view. B. Close up of primary clavae with hair-like structure. C. Close up of sense organ of fourth leg. D. Close up of Cirrus E. E. Close up of external and internal digits of first leg. Abbreviations: ac—accessory hook; cE—cirrus E; ch—cuticular hair; cl—claw; ec—external cirrus; ed—external digit; ic—internal cirrus; id—internal digit; lc—lateral cirrus; mc—median cirrus; pc—primary clava; se4—leg sense organ 4; ta—tarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |