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<mods:title id="391BDE3B3D5B99F9E9148E79E2D07B8B">The female velvet ants (aka modkhong) of southern Thailand (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae), with a key to the genera of southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="22261C48B6F964B814C5C6772B4083AF">Lelej, Arkady S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA7605378912931A5D0E9A620DA2757E">Okayasu, Juriya</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DCF504FFEB9860FF3928EC4DDFC430" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5923629" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157062782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5923629" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DCF504FFEB9860FF3928EC4DDFC430" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DCF504FFEB9860FF3928EC4DDFC430" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<subSubSection id="C36F1799FFEB9861FF3928EC4B34C1A4" box="[151,596,1934,1960]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCA4412FFEB9861FF3928EC4B34C1A4" blockId="30.[151,596,1934,1960]" box="[151,596,1934,1960]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading id="D082F37EFFEB9861FF3928EC4B34C1A4" bold="true" box="[151,596,1934,1960]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEB9861FF3928EC4B34C1A4" bold="true" box="[151,596,1934,1960]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Genus 22.
<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFEB9861FEB428EC4B34C1A4" authority="Lelej, 1996" authorityName="Lelej" authorityYear="1996" box="[282,596,1934,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Eotrogaspidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEB9861FEB428EC48A3C1A4" bold="true" box="[282,451,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Eotrogaspidia</emphasis>
Lelej, 1996
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F1799FFEB9860FF3928B74AB4C711" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCA4412FFEB9860FF3928B74C3DC6D9" blockId="30.[151,1436,2005,2030]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1436,151,573]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEB9861FF3928B74871C1E2" bold="true" box="[151,273,2005,2030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
FEMALE. This genus has the procoxa armed with a tooth or smooth tubercle (
<figureCitation id="134E5897FFEB9861FB3528B74D9DC1E2" box="[1179,1277,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURES 115124" captionStartId="61.[151,264,1512,1535]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[169,1417,193,1491]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 115124. Mutillinae: Trogaspidiini females I. 115118. Eotrogaspidia oryzae; 119121. E. auroguttata; 122124. Wallacidia oculata. 115, 119, 122. Habitus, dorsal view; 116, 120, 123. Habitus, lateral view; 117, 121, 124. T6; 118. Procoxal tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669947/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
), the scutellar scale present; the propodeum broader than the pronotum; the T2 disc with two pale lateral spots; T3 and T4 each with pale setal bands; and the pygidium defined, but not striate or entirely rugose. MALE. See Lelej (1996c).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA4412FFEA9860FF692FBD4AB4C711" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FF692FBD4B70C6F4" bold="true" box="[199,528,223,248]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diversity and Distribution.</emphasis>
Four Oriental species are recognized (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFEA9860FC7B2FBD4D36C6F4" author="Lelej, A. S." box="[981,1110,223,248]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref59074" refString="Lelej, A. S. (2005) Catalogue of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of the Oriental Region. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 252 pp." type="book" year="2005">Lelej 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFEA9860FBCB2FBD4CF0C6F4" author="Lelej, A. S. &amp; van Harten, A." box="[1125,1424,223,248]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref59335" refString="Lelej, A. S. &amp; van Harten, A. (2006) A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Yemen. Zootaxa, 1226, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2006">Lelej &amp; van Harten 2006</bibRefCitation>
), three are discussed below and one,
<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFEA9860FD8D2E674A7AC710" authority="(Nurse, 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Nurse" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[547,794,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Eotrogaspidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekka">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FD8D2E674B16C711" box="[547,630,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E. ekka</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFEA9860FD2A2E664A72C710" author="Nurse, C. G." box="[644,786,260,284]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="79 - 92" refId="ref60104" refString="Nurse, C. G. (1902) New species of Indian Hymenoptera. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 14, 79 - 92, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1902">Nurse, 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, occurs in
<collectingCountry id="F3620482FFEA9860FC3C2E664AAFC711" box="[914,975,260,285]" name="India" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36F1799FFEA9860FF692E454DDFC430" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCA4412FFEA9860FF692E454D6BC7DC" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FF692E45485BC74C" bold="true" box="[199,315,295,320]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks.</emphasis>
By having flattened and setose metacoxae in the male, this genus is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFEA9860FB122E454888C769" authority="Lelej in Lelej &amp; van Harten, 2006" authorityName="Lelej in Lelej &amp; van Harten" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Vanhartenidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FB122E454C3BC74C" box="[1212,1371,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Vanhartenidia</emphasis>
Lelej in
<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFEA9860FF192E2E4888C769" author="Lelej, A. S. &amp; van Harten, A." box="[183,488,332,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref59335" refString="Lelej, A. S. &amp; van Harten, A. (2006) A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Yemen. Zootaxa, 1226, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2006">Lelej &amp; van Harten, 2006</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. In fact, one of the previously recognized
<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFEA9860FC742E2E4D19C769" authorityName="Lelej" authorityYear="1996" box="[986,1145,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Eotrogaspidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FC742E2E4D19C769" box="[986,1145,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Eotrogaspidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFEA9860FB482E2F49B8C784" authority="(Smith, 1855)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Vanhartenidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dives">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FB482E2F4C5BC769" box="[1254,1339,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">V. dives</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFEA9860FAFE2E2E49B0C784" author="Smith, F." pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref60981" refString="Smith, F. (1855) Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part III. Mutillidae and Pompilidae. Taylor and Francis, London, 206 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1855">Smith, 1855</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was transferred into
<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFEA9860FE662E0D4AC0C784" authority="(Lelej &amp; van Harten 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Lelej &amp; van Harten" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[456,928,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Vanhartenidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FE662E0D4B06C784" box="[456,614,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Vanhartenidia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFEA9860FDD82E0D4AF8C784" author="Lelej, A. S. &amp; van Harten, A." box="[630,920,367,392]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref59335" refString="Lelej, A. S. &amp; van Harten, A. (2006) A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Yemen. Zootaxa, 1226, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2006">Lelej &amp; van Harten 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. An interesting similarity in females of these genera is that the procoxa is armed with a tooth in both genera, although various other trogaspidiine genera have a similar tooth, including
<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFEA9860FE0A2ED54B7CC7DC" authorityName="Lelej &amp; Brothers" authorityYear="2008" box="[420,540,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Wallacidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FE0A2ED54B7CC7DC" box="[420,540,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Wallacidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and many species within
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FC902ED54AA4C7DC" box="[830,964,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Trogaspidia</emphasis>
itself.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCA4412FFEA9860FF602EBF4DDFC430" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
In males, there are distinct genitalic differences between these genera and in females they can be separated by the coarsely sculpted pygidium of
<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFEA9860FDB22E9D4BDBC414" baseAuthorityName="Lelej &amp; van Harten" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[540,699,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Vanhartenidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FDB22E9D4BDBC414" box="[540,699,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Vanhartenidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that has the lateral carina expanded apically (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE439E3FFEA9860FB112E9D49B3C431" author="Lelej, A. S. &amp; van Harten, A." pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 50" refId="ref59335" refString="Lelej, A. S. &amp; van Harten, A. (2006) A review of the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Yemen. Zootaxa, 1226, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="2006">Lelej &amp; van Harten 2006</bibRefCitation>
), while
<taxonomicName id="4C753F91FFEA9860FE852D4648AAC431" authorityName="Lelej" authorityYear="1996" box="[299,458,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Mutillidae" genus="Eotrogaspidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9019800FFEA9860FE852D4648AAC431" box="[299,458,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Eotrogaspidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have weaker pygidium sculpture and lateral carina (
<figureCitation id="134E5897FFEA9860FBBB2D464DD2C430" box="[1045,1202,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 115124" captionStartId="61.[151,264,1512,1535]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,193,1488]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[169,1417,193,1491]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 115124. Mutillinae: Trogaspidiini females I. 115118. Eotrogaspidia oryzae; 119121. E. auroguttata; 122124. Wallacidia oculata. 115, 119, 122. Habitus, dorsal view; 116, 120, 123. Habitus, lateral view; 117, 121, 124. T6; 118. Procoxal tubercles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2669947/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 117, 121</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>