200 lines
22 KiB
XML
200 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A4EDD3599873C7EC4CC20955477A6ACE">Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4C957D37A40C1D9D3C9E67902386F64">Frahnert, Sylke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="94C92AE8081542F280F50C62F4D231AA">Turner, Donald A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="114EE88E967C3C358772F3F16821D76A">Bracker, Cordula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3C8C4386459951E4F1E8A7CF55E6900F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0ACA16A1D817BDE009A7B0D2C88C6014">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FCF919AB1101" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8269976" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212447872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8269976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FCF919AB1101" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FCF919AB1101" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E238FFC1AFF1FCF919C0141A" box="[151,733,783,809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E238FFC1AFF1FCF919C0141A" blockId="26.[151,733,783,809]" box="[151,733,783,809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D082921FE238FFC1AFF1FCF919C0141A" bold="true" box="[151,733,783,809]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB65025DE238FFC1AFF1FCF919C0141A" box="[151,733,783,809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AFF1FCF919C0141A" bold="true" box="[151,733,783,809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD40362E238FFC1AFF1FCF919CA141A" author="Reichenow, A." box="[151,727,783,809]" page="114" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1879">
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AFF1FCF919CA141A" authority="Reichenow, 1879 b: 114" authorityName="Reichenow" authorityPageNumber="114" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,727,783,809]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Dryoscopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AFF1FCF91AAF141A" bold="true" box="[151,434,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dryoscopus nigerrimus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E238FFC1AEDFFCF919CA141A" author="Reichenow, A." box="[441,727,783,809]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="114" refId="ref74565" refString="Reichenow, A. (1879 b) Neue Vogel aus Ostafrika. Ornithologisches Centralblatt, 4 (11), 114. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 109197 # page / 318 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1879">Reichenow, 1879b: 114</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E238FFC1AFF1FCA21AD314B9" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E238FFC1AFF1FCA21AD314B9" blockId="26.[151,1436,851,937]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AFF1FCA21BD5145F" bold="true" box="[151,200,852,876]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Now</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AFB0FCA21999145F" authority="(Reichenow, 1879 b)" baseAuthorityName="Reichenow" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[214,644,852,876]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AFB0FCA21AB01458" box="[214,429,852,875]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laniarius nigerrimus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E238FFC1AEDDFCA21960145F" author="Reichenow, A." box="[443,637,852,876]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="114" refId="ref74565" refString="Reichenow, A. (1879 b) Neue Vogel aus Ostafrika. Ornithologisches Centralblatt, 4 (11), 114. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 109197 # page / 318 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1879">Reichenow, 1879b</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="49B1EB91E238FFC1ADE8FCA219AE145F" box="[654,691,852,876]" country="South Sudan" name="Lakes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">See</collectingRegion>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E238FFC1ADDEFCA218ED145F" author="Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L." box="[696,1008,852,876]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref69289" refString="Dickinson, E. C. & Christidis, L. (Eds.) (2014) The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4 th Edition. Vol. 2. Passerines. Aves Press, Eastbourne, xlii + 752 pp." type="book" year="2014">Dickinson & Christidis (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E238FFC1AC9CFCA21FC2145F" author="Finch, B. W. & Hunter, N. D. & Winkelmann, I. & Manzano-Vargas, K. & Njoroge, P. & Fjeldsa, J. & Gilbert, M. T. P." box="[1018,1247,851,876]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="74 - 85" refId="ref69519" refString="Finch, B. W., Hunter, N. D., Winkelmann, I., Manzano-Vargas, K., Njoroge, P., Fjeldsa, J. & Gilbert, M. T. P. (2016) Redefining the taxonomy of the all-black and pied boubous (Laniarius spp.) in coastal Kenya and Somalia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club, 136 (2), 74 - 85. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 252407 # page / 4 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="2016">Finch et al. (2016: 74)</bibRefCitation>
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; but see also
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E238FFC1AA03FCA21AD714B9" author="Mayr, E. & Greenway J. C. Jr." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref72877" refString="Mayr, E. & Greenway J. C. Jr. (1960) Check-list of Birds of the World: a Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 9. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 506 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14581" type="book" year="1960">Mayr & Greenway (1960: 329)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E238FFC1AFF1FC671FA4149A" box="[151,1209,913,937]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E238FFC1AFF1FC671FA4149A" blockId="26.[151,1436,851,937]" box="[151,1209,913,937]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AFF1FC671BE7149A" bold="true" box="[151,250,913,937]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<typeStatus id="54CE9BD1E238FFC1AFF1FC671BE7149A" box="[151,250,913,937]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: 24256 (B 15705, Fischer no. 244), skin, former mount, male, collected at Kipini,
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<date id="FFCB03B3E238FFC1AB26FC671FA8149A" box="[1088,1205,913,937]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1878-07-15">15.07.1878</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E238FFC1AFF1FC211A1C1326" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E238FFC1AFF1FC211A1C1326" blockId="26.[151,1437,983,1586]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AFF1FC211A2B14C2" bold="true" box="[151,310,983,1009]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type locality</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B1D2F2EE238FFC1AE2DFC211BE01326" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4398931516" country="Kenya" location="Kipini" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tana River" typeStatus="holotype">
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<location id="8EAA73A8E238FFC1AE2DFC211A8E14C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC9465E238FFC1AFF1FCF919AB1101:8EAA73A8E238FFC1AE2DFC211A8E14C2" box="[331,403,983,1009]" country="Kenya" name="Kipini" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Tana River">Kipini</location>
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[Kipini,
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<collectingRegion id="49B1EB91E238FFC1AD62FC2E19FA14C2" box="[516,743,983,1010]" country="Kenya" name="Tana River" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tana River County</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F36265E3E238FFC1AD91FC2E185B14C1" box="[759,838,984,1010]" name="Kenya" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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], from the original description and locality of the
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<typeStatus id="54CE9BD1E238FFC1AFF1FC0D1BE01326" box="[151,253,1019,1045]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36F76F8E238FFC1AFA1FBE919AB1101" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E238FFC1AFA1FBE91FF51396" blockId="26.[151,1437,983,1586]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AFA1FBE91A20130A" bold="true" box="[199,317,1055,1081]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks:</emphasis>
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In the original description, no type was chosen and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for
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<specimenCount id="9D73EEFAE238FFC1AD6DFBB219BA136E" box="[523,679,1091,1118]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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and the locality “Kipini” were given. As the given measurements are identical to those in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E238FFC1AEC2FB9119F113B2" author="Fischer, G. A. & Reichenow, A." box="[420,748,1127,1153]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="337 - 356" refId="ref70553" refString="Fischer, G. A. & Reichenow, A. (1879) Uebersicht der von Dr. G. A. Fischer auf einer zweiten Reise durch das ostafricanische Kustenland von Mombassa bis Wito und am Tana-Fluss gesammelten Vogel. Journal fur Ornithologie, 27 (4), 337 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02012304" type="journal article" year="1879">Fischer & Reichenow (1879)</bibRefCitation>
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, no. 244 is the
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<typeStatus id="54CE9BD1E238FFC1ACF0FB9118E113B2" box="[918,1020,1127,1153]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. In the entry catalogue (B 15705) the specimen was mentioned as type for
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AD53FB7A18A71396" authority=", Reichenow" authorityName="Reichenow" box="[565,954,1163,1190]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Dryoscopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aterrimus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AD53FB7A18321396" box="[565,815,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Dryoscopus aterrimus</emphasis>
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, Reichenow
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</taxonomicName>
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(an error for
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AB37FB7A1FD11396" baseAuthorityName="Reichenow" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1105,1228,1164,1189]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AB37FB7A1FD11396" box="[1105,1228,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">nigerrimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCA2573E238FFC1AFA1FB5919AB1101" blockId="26.[151,1437,983,1586]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E238FFC1AFA1FB591ABD13FA" author="Stresemann, E." box="[199,416,1199,1225]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="518 - 519" refId="ref76912" refString="Stresemann, E. (1947) Laniarius nigerrimus (Rchw.): a mutation of Laniarius ferrugineus sublacteus (Cassin). Ibis, 89, 518 - 519. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1474 - 919 x. 1947. tb 04376. x" type="journal article" year="1947">Stresemann (1947)</bibRefCitation>
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was of the opinion that
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1ADACFB46185813FA" baseAuthorityName="Reichenow" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[714,837,1200,1225]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1ADACFB46185813FA" box="[714,837,1200,1225]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">nigerrimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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merely represented an all-black form of
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AA49FB461AE013DE" authority="(Cassin)" baseAuthorityName="Cassin" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ferrugineus" subSpecies="sublacteus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AA49FB461A8B13DE" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laniarius ferrugineus sublacteus</emphasis>
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(Cassin)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E238FFC1AD52FB22181213DE" author="Turner, D. A. & Finch, B. W. & Hunter, N. D." box="[564,783,1235,1262]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="125 - 128" refId="ref77280" refString="Turner, D. A., Finch, B. W. & Hunter, N. D. (2011) Remarks concerning the all-black coastal boubous (Laniarius ssp.) of Kenya and southern Somalia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 131 (2), 125 - 128. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 50795691 # page / 55 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="2011">Turner et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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discussed the problem, giving several possibilities for the status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AE66FB0E19251222" authority="(Reichenow)" baseAuthorityName="Reichenow" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[256,568,1271,1297]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AE66FB0E1A871222" box="[256,410,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. nigerrimus</emphasis>
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(Reichenow)
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</taxonomicName>
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: a) the all-black birds occurring on Manda Island alongside
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AB8FFB0E1E811222" box="[1257,1436,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. a. sublacteus</emphasis>
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possess vocalisations unlike any form of
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AD14FAEA18631206" authority="(Gmelin)" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[626,894,1307,1333]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aethiopicus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AD14FAEA18161206" box="[626,779,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L aethiopicus</emphasis>
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(Gmelin)
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</taxonomicName>
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, and thus require comparison with the
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<typeStatus id="54CE9BD1E238FFC1AA26FAEA1E661205" box="[1344,1403,1308,1334]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">types</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AFF1FAB61A29126A" baseAuthorityName="Reichenow" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[151,308,1344,1369]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AFF1FAB61A29126A" box="[151,308,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. nigerrimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AE14FAC91AC7126A" box="[370,474,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">erlangeri</emphasis>
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(Reichenow); also that b) should the all-black birds from southern
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<collectingCountry id="F36265E3E238FFC1AB9FFAC91E48126A" box="[1273,1365,1343,1369]" name="Somalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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south to Manda Island and Kipini require a higher taxonomic status (as the vocal evidence suggests) than as races of
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AFF1FA7E1A241292" baseAuthorityName="Gmelin" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[151,313,1415,1441]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aethiopicus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AFF1FA7E1A241292" box="[151,313,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. aethiopicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the nomenclature of these East African birds would require revision; c) the all-black birds may revert to
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AF99FA5A1A8712F6" baseAuthorityName="Reichenow" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[255,410,1452,1477]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AF99FA5A1A8712F6" box="[255,410,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. nigerrimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, while d) the black-and-white birds in southern
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<collectingCountry id="F36265E3E238FFC1ACA7FA5D1F0012F6" box="[961,1053,1451,1477]" name="Somalia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Somalia</collectingCountry>
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would revert to
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<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1ABBBFA5A1E8012F6" box="[1245,1437,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">L. a. somaliensis</emphasis>
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|
(Reichenow), and that the taxonomic status of
|
|
<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1ADD0FA39180312DA" box="[694,798,1487,1513]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">erlangeri</emphasis>
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|
as defined by Nguembock et al. (2008) would require re-evaluation as that name was originally used by Reichenow for an all-black bird.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE45882E238FFC1AB2AFA051E02113E" author="Finch, B. W. & Hunter, N. D. & Winkelmann, I. & Manzano-Vargas, K. & Njoroge, P. & Fjeldsa, J. & Gilbert, M. T. P." box="[1100,1311,1523,1550]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="74 - 85" refId="ref69519" refString="Finch, B. W., Hunter, N. D., Winkelmann, I., Manzano-Vargas, K., Njoroge, P., Fjeldsa, J. & Gilbert, M. T. P. (2016) Redefining the taxonomy of the all-black and pied boubous (Laniarius spp.) in coastal Kenya and Somalia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club, 136 (2), 74 - 85. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 252407 # page / 4 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="2016">Finch et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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argued for separate species status for
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<taxonomicName id="4C755EF0E238FFC1AEA6F9EE19B21102" baseAuthorityName="Reichenow" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[448,687,1560,1585]" class="Aves" family="Malaconotidae" genus="Laniarius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">
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|
<emphasis id="B901F961E238FFC1AEA6F9EE19B21102" box="[448,687,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Laniarius nigerrimus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |