326 lines
41 KiB
XML
326 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="1C55EAAA311D246CC3B1B5A997A69E75" ID-CLB-Dataset="20711" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5099.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69f07912-2097-47e6-bc57-dfb7c4d8e70e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6036691" ID-ZooBank="934C6AE1-7C92-4889-8DEC-F3C31C8A060F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1644487360350" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sáfián, Szabolcs, Bayliss, Julian & Congdon, T. Colin E." docDate="2022" docId="03BDF23BCB460E53EBAA1986FC86FB90" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5099.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5099 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Iolaus bundali Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="FF848A43CB490E43EB3D1911FF9FFFA5" masterDocTitle="Description of four IolausHübner, 1819 species in the subgenus PhiliolausStempffer & Bennett, 1958 from East Africa, assigned to the proposed I. maritimus species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae)" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1699308147107" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="486AABF3420A959BA3B49EDCCE0B29A3">
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<mods:title id="08403515B822215EE2425BEDEAE32A59">Description of four IolausHübner, 1819 species in the subgenus PhiliolausStempffer & Bennett, 1958 from East Africa, assigned to the proposed I. maritimus species group (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8BA67CD568CF6E81836C76ACDAA3E531" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A1FF0BE3401B6AE51F7092B4160B895C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B15D3E618B7BE6C2E108350C6273A01F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="749BAE6AD8C3FD41FB49B973355F01AC">Sáfián, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3902C3F22043223AF61D2B05C9679116" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0614-4203</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="2012A14FA7760CF1DBE3133494E04C0C">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya. & Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of Sopron, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky út 4. H 9400 Sopron, Hungary. Corresponding author. szsafian @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0614 - 4203</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3824750EA1B60B0F4533F74EAF0281FF" type="email">szsafian@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="14E9F2EDF4ECC22C39CF4A10D478F5E8" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EF0E570EB02C09ABE0330BF4288844C7">
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<mods:roleTerm id="387DDFC8B2AA51BBFF5E3243844D2A97">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="01071BA1B983FFB968BB321821AF2658">Bayliss, Julian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D74C25A8B40434E7A45B9D4B4118D51" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1480-294X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8138111E40192B080B54B8C18CD854CB">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya. & Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX 3 0 BP, United Kingdom. jlbayliss @ yahoo. co. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1480 - 294 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C158CB30B6492A3940A451D13E5AB8D3" type="email">jlbayliss@yahoo.co.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="2E33CE5341CBF68D0EFF2FB9F9D5AA1D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="300B3342FD923D6DC06478D9338118B3">Congdon, T. Colin E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="59CA129E10C22CB1E126A00E00CF5B87">African Butterfly Research Institute, P. O. Box 14308, 0800 Nairobi, Kenya.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="52AD13A9A6DDAFD8C0EF9652AC5248F6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5FC67270360F2F5BD0A89089D697FB6A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7B013816B485E67B0D4E1192C75FC1D4">
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<mods:date id="99DEAC3CAF5D9DB60601C94142D8D903">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="94B55E4121EE503B1FE26AC3A85D5167" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="1D184FAB834486F04A0A1A20860A14F1">2022-02-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="22EC19B1B58F5F3ED949CA40AF391799">5099</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7E9EBA2CB95FD0120F309F87AD332B50">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7F8E117E4FD01D8E2543E73EE8E20595">46</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="83E747BBB39D6EC0DF0A5D97762DD7E6" type="CLB-Dataset">20711</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A779CD4E6F9FE2CAD32DBF38685BFF3D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5099.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4FC2185A69B20775532F7B492CB4BB94" type="GBIF-Dataset">69f07912-2097-47e6-bc57-dfb7c4d8e70e</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4F71C94B6A9A889084DE978487092126" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2A708F5FC20124EE8B2497ED97EECCCD" type="Zenodo-Dep">6036691</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BDF23BCB460E53EBAA1986FC86FB90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6309104" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193331481" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6309104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB460E53EBAA1986FC86FB90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDF23BCB460E53EBAA1986FC86FB90" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB460E4CEBAA1986FD16FF70" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB460E4CEBAA1986FD02FF14" blockId="15.[151,669,150,214]" box="[151,669,150,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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<heading id="D0E3F441CB460E4CEBAA1986FD02FF14" bold="true" box="[151,669,150,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEBAA1986FD02FF14" bold="true" box="[151,669,150,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB460E4CEBAA1986FED7FF17" authority="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon, 2022" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,328,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEBAA1986FED7FF17" bold="true" box="[151,328,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Iolaus bundali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2532244CB460E4CEA721986FE32FF14" box="[335,429,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Sáfián & Congdon
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB460E4CEBAA19AAFD16FF70" blockId="15.[151,669,150,214]" box="[151,649,187,214]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">FIGS.: 2I, L; 3I, L; 4F; 5F; 6I, L; 8A; 9A;10</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB460E4CEBAA1812FEB1FE2C" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB460E4CEBAA1812FF62FEE4" blockId="15.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB460E4CEBAA1812FF62FEE4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449302" collectingDate="2004-01-02" collectionCode="TCEC, MH, ABRI" country="Tanzania" location="Bundali Hills" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="SAFI00212" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEBAA1812FE92FEB8" bold="true" box="[151,269,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB460E4CEBAA1812FE97FEB8" box="[151,264,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D1288A4CB460E4CEA281815FEB5FEBB" box="[277,298,260,286]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB460E4CEA0F1812FE5CFEB8" box="[306,451,259,285]" name="Tanzania" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="8ECB15F6CB460E4CEAED1812FDF9FEB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB460E53EBAA1986FC86FB90:8ECB15F6CB460E4CEAED1812FDF9FEB8" box="[464,614,259,285]" country="Tanzania" name="Bundali Hills" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Bundali Hills</location>
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<date id="FFAA65EDCB460E4CE9521812FD4FFEB8" box="[623,720,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" value="2004-01-02">
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<collectingDate id="EFEE9C05CB460E4CE9521812FD4FFEB8" box="[623,720,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" value="2004-01-02">2.I.2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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. Leg.: IB/
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<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB460E4CE87C1812FC14FEB8" box="[833,907,259,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">TCEC</collectionCode>
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/
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<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB460E4CE8A91812FC5DFEB8" box="[916,962,259,285]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">MH</collectionCode>
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. Bred. Gen. prep.:
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<specimenCode id="DBB2EB56CB460E4CEFA41812FA80FEB8" box="[1177,1311,259,285]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">SAFI00212</specimenCode>
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. Deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB460E4CEB8F1836FF66FEE4" box="[178,249,295,321]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">ABRI</collectionCode>
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||
.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB460E4CEBFA185AFEB1FE2C" blockId="15.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB460E4CEBFA185AFC76FEC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449308" box="[199,1001,331,358]" collectingDate="2004-01-03" collectionCode="TCEC, MH" country="Tanzania" location="Bundali Hills" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEBFA185AFEA2FEC0" bold="true" box="[199,317,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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||
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB460E4CEBFA185AFEA7FEC0" box="[199,312,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<specimenCount id="9D1288A4CB460E4CEA79185DFEC6FEC3" box="[324,345,332,358]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB460E4CEA62185AFE6FFEC0" box="[351,496,331,357]" name="Tanzania" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">TANZANIA</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8ECB15F6CB460E4CEAC1185AFD0EFEC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF23BCB460E53EBAA1986FC86FB90:8ECB15F6CB460E4CEAC1185AFD0EFEC0" box="[508,657,331,357]" country="Tanzania" name="Bundali Hills" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Bundali Hills</location>
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||
<date id="FFAA65EDCB460E4CE9A5185AFD66FEC0" box="[664,761,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" value="2004-01-03">
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<collectingDate id="EFEE9C05CB460E4CE9A5185AFD66FEC0" box="[664,761,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" value="2004-01-03">3.I.2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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. Leg.: IB/
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<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB460E4CE855185AFC2DFEC0" box="[872,946,331,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">TCEC</collectionCode>
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/
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<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB460E4CE886185AFC76FEC0" box="[955,1001,331,357]" country="Switzerland" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">MH</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C4970CB460E4CE8CE185AFADEFEC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3464449313" box="[1011,1345,331,358]" collectionCode="SAFI" country="Tanzania" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="SAFI00213" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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Bred. Gen. prep.:
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<specimenCode id="DBB2EB56CB460E4CEF86185AFADEFEC0" box="[1211,1345,331,357]" collectionCode="SAFI" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">SAFI00213</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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. Deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED05DBE8CB460E4CEBDE187EFEB5FE2C" box="[227,298,367,393]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">ABRI</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB460E4CEBFA1882FAFEF878" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB460E4CEBFA1882FF6EFD0C" blockId="15.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEBFA1882FE22FE08" bold="true" box="[199,445,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Description of male.</emphasis>
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Forewing length:
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<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CE9AE1882FD78FE0B" box="[659,743,403,430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 mm</quantity>
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. Wingspan:
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<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CE84B1882FC40FE0B" box="[886,991,403,430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="37.5">37.5 mm</quantity>
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. General appearance as males of other species in the subgenera
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEA9718A6FD88FE74" box="[426,535,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Argiolaus</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB460E4CE97118A6FD20FE74" authorityName="Stempffer & Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[588,703,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CE97118A6FD20FE74" box="[588,703,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Philiolaus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with black ground colour overlaid by extensive iridescent blue on upperside, and dirty white underside with black and orange submarginal lines, two tails at the tip of veins 1 and 2 and a small kick at the tip of vein 3 on the hindwing. Upperside blue colour of royal blue tone with no greenish or silverish tinge. Slightly less than basal half of forewing covered with blue, except along costa, where black extends to base, leaving a moderately broad,
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<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CE97C1B56FD06FDC7" box="[577,665,583,610]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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black costal margin. Black outer margin very broad, over
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<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CEE011B56FAE0FDC7" box="[1340,1407,583,610]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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at tornus. The outer edge of blue slightly lobed in spaces 1b, 2 and 3, also with small blue dusting also beyond cell in space 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB460E4CEBFA1BA2FE13FA94" blockId="15.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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||
Majority of hindwing covered with blue, except dark grey-black space 1a, along black costa and the broad black margin between apex and tornus. Black margin narrows down to
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<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CE8501BC6FC31FD57" box="[877,942,727,754]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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at tip of vein 2, with a black spot in the blue area further inwards. Androconia cover most of cell and upper part of wing to black costa, dark, greasy grey-black with brownish-black, well-defined circular heart. Tornal lobe dark claret-red, speckled with few blue scales, with black margin. Underside dirty white, with very faint creamy tinge along forewing costa and almost invisible grey dusting along forewing and hindwing margin. Forewing with bright, slightly curving orange-red submarginal line between veins 1 and 8. Black, faint, 1 mm-long cell-closing streak also present. Forewing androconial hair tuft beige. On hindwing, prominent, orange-red inner submarginal line keeps strongly away from outer margin, reaching costa
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||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CEA381AC2FED8FC4B" box="[261,327,979,1006]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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from apex. Outer submarginal line absent. Tornal spot at the end of space 1a largely black, edged with claret-red and silvery-blue ring inwardly. That in space 2 circular, claret red, with faint silvery-blue dusting, loosely connected to tornal end of orange submarginal line. Tails black with white edge. Fringes short along outer margin of forewing, black on upperside, longer, grey along inner margin. Fringes black on hindwing outer margin around apex, black and white double layered towards tails, with longer white hairs around tornus. Fringes replaced by longer whitish hairs along inner margin. Fringes grey on forewing underside, white on hindwing. Head, thorax and abdomen black with greyish hairs on upperside, covered by white hairs on thorax underneath, abdomen with yellowish overlay. Palpi black on top, white below, twice as long as diameter of eyes. Eyes bald, black and brown. Antennae black, speckled with tiny white dots underneath, only slightly thickened towards apex, their length shorter than half of forewing.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB460E4CEBFA1C2AFB92FA64" blockId="15.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEBFA1C2AFEE4FAF0" bold="true" box="[199,379,1339,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
General morphology like other species in the group, but anterior half of valvae, process on vinculum completely reduced. Valvae oblong, ending in long inwardly curving acute tip, with two, almost equally large spines and almost no serration on between spines. The terminal cornutus on aedeagus strong, straight, the inner one narrow, shorter. Spike on aedeagus short, rather blunt, protruding upwards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB460E4CEBFA1CDAFBFAF8E8" blockId="15.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEBFA1CDAFE52FA40" bold="true" box="[199,461,1483,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Description of female.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CE9A71CDAFC9FFA43" box="[666,768,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.08" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="20.8">20.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Wingspan:
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CE8B41CDAFC44FA43" box="[905,987,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
. General appearance as females of other species in the subgenera
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEA8E1CFEFDBFF9AC" box="[435,544,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Argiolaus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB460E4CE9641CFEFD53F9AC" authorityName="Stempffer & Bennett" authorityYear="1958" box="[601,716,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Philiolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CE9641CFEFD53F9AC" box="[601,716,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Philiolaus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with black ground colour overlaid by blue and orange spotting along outer margin on hindwing in spaces 1a, 2 and 3. Underside dirty white with black and/or orange-red submarginal lines and two tails at the tip of veins 1 and 2 and a small kick at the tip of vein 3 on hindwing. Blue colour of darker sky-blue tone. Less than half of forewing covered with blue basally, costa broadly black to base. Outer edge of blue area evenly rounded, with a small black indentation at the end of discal cell. Basal half of hindwing covered with blue, between veins 1 and 6, with blue dusting in space 6. Black between vein 7 and costa, except light blue basal spot. Black submarginal line fused to black margin, appears as black indentation in the blue area in spaces 1b, 2, and 3. Tornal lobe claret red, with black margin, not conjoint with fused bright orange spotting in spaces 1b, 2 and 3. Tails black, edged with white. Underside colour and pattern and body identical to those of male with more prominent orangish submarginal lines and visible grey dusting along hindwing margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB460E4CEBFA1E46FAFEF878" blockId="15.[151,1437,259,2014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB460E4CEBFA1E46FE0AF8D4" bold="true" box="[199,405,1879,1905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="61">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Papillae analis small (
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CE9AA1E46FD6BF8D7" box="[663,756,1879,1906]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), moderately sclerotized, strongly rounded. with dense hair, apophyses straight, shorter than
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB460E4CEAC21E6AFDDCF833" box="[511,579,1915,1942]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="61" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Lamella antevaginalis strongly sclerotized, its terminal end slightly bilobed, anteriorly, ending in strongly sclerotized mouth of ductus. Mouth of ductus broad, two thirds of ductus also sclerotized, narrows down moderately before the mouth of bursa. Bursa copulatrix completely membranous, ovoid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB590E53EBFA1987FB82FDBC" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB590E53EBFA1987FB82FDBC" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EBFA1987FE51FF15" bold="true" box="[199,462,150,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Due to variation in facies and the limited number of specimens available for examination, no diagnosis is given based on wing morphology. The main differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EF5C19AAFB50FF70" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1121,1231,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EF5C19AAFB50FF70" box="[1121,1231,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EE3B19AAFAE7FF71" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[1286,1400,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EE3B19AAFAE7FF71" box="[1286,1400,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lie in male genitalia, particularly in the shape of the lobes of uncus, which is narrow and pointy in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EFE719CEFAD2FF5D" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[1242,1357,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EFE719CEFAD2FF5D" box="[1242,1357,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, broad in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EB881812FEBDFEB8" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[181,290,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EB881812FEBDFEB8" box="[181,290,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB590E53EA0F1812FE2DFEB8" box="[306,434,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,936,960]" captionTargetBox="[187,1406,194,904]" captionTargetId="figure-28@9.[168,1419,181,912]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Male genitalia (dorsal view): I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00375)—A; I. uluguru (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00369)—B; I. collinsi (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00359)—C; I. njombe (Tanzania, Njombe)—D; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00210)—E; I. bundali (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00212)—F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036718" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036718/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Figs. 5E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Also, the valva in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53E9A91812FC9DFEB8" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[660,770,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53E9A91812FC9DFEB8" box="[660,770,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much narrower with only the tip turning upwards. Valva is broad in both known populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53E9721836FD5EFEE5" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[591,705,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53E9721836FD5EFEE5" box="[591,705,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also the two spines on the tip of valva are more developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EEB11836FF6EFEC1" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EEB11836FF6EFEC1" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the valva turns upwards gradually towards the tip (3H, I). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53E8F2185AFBDFFEC1" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[975,1088,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53E8F2185AFBDFFEC1" box="[975,1088,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the narrow, anterior part of the aedeagus is much longer, twice the size of the squat posterior part (without the terminal cuneus), while the anterior part is only one and a half times the size of the posterior part in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53E8411882FC74FE08" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[892,1003,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53E8411882FC74FE08" box="[892,1003,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB590E53E8C61882FB1CFE08" box="[1019,1155,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,191,1469]" captionTargetId="figure-28@5.[151,1436,181,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia: I. maritimus usambara (Tanzania, Usambara, Gen. prep.: SAFI00375) lateral view—A, aedeagus— D; I. uluguru (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00369) lateral view—B, aedeagus—E; I. collinsi (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00359) lateral view—C, aedeagus—F; I. njombe (Tanzania, Njombe, Gen.prep.: SAFI00366) laterial view—G, aedeagus—J; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00210) lateral view—H, aedeagus—K; I. bundali (holotype, Gen. prep.: SAFI00212) lateral view—I, aedeagus—L." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036703" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036703/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Figs. 3K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The main difference in female genitalia appears in the ductus bursae, which narrows down only moderately in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EF4818A6FB7CFE74" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[1141,1251,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EF4818A6FB7CFE74" box="[1141,1251,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while it is very narrow (bottleneck-like) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EAF418CAFDA6FE51" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[457,569,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EAF418CAFDA6FE51" box="[457,569,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB590E53E97518CAFD55FE50" box="[584,714,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1924,1948]" captionTargetBox="[176,1412,205,1883]" captionTargetId="figure-28@13.[151,1436,181,1900]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Female genitalia (lateral view): I. bundali (paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills, Gen. prep.: SAFI00213)—A; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00211)—B; I. njombe (paratype, Tanzania, Njombe, Gen. prep.: SAFI00367)— C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036737/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Figs. 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lower plate of the lamella antevaginalis has a single, gently curved tip in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EA1118EEFE06FDBC" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[300,409,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EA1118EEFE06FDBC" box="[300,409,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while it is also gently bilobed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53E82818EEFC19FDBD" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[789,902,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53E82818EEFC19FDBD" box="[789,902,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB590E53E8AB18EEFB90FDBC" box="[918,1039,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1450,1474]" captionTargetBox="[183,1421,224,1384]" captionTargetId="figure-19@14.[151,1436,211,1397]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female genitalia (lamella antevaginalis and papillae analis ventral view): I. bundali (paratype, Tanzania, Bundali Hills, Gen. prep.: SAFI00213)—A; I. stewarti (Malawi, Nyika Plateau, Gen. prep.: SAFI00211)—B; I. stewarti (allotype, Zambia, Mafinga Hills)—C (redrawn from Heath’s (1985) original)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036743" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036743/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB590E53EBFA1B33FCD1FD20" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB590E53EBFA1B33FCD1FD20" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EBFA1B33FE26FD99" bold="true" box="[199,441,546,573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Biology and habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EA821B32FDB3FD98" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[447,556,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EA821B32FDB3FD98" box="[447,556,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flies in the riverine montane forest—montane grassland mosaic of the Bundali Hills. The larval foodplant is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EAD81B56FA94FDC7" authority="usuiensis (Oliv.) M. G. Gilbert" authorityName="M. G. Gilbert" baseAuthorityName="Oliv." box="[485,1291,583,610]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Phragmanthera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Santalales" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="usuiensis" subSpecies="usuiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EAD81B56FCECFDC5" box="[485,883,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Phragmanthera usuiensis usuiensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Oliv.) M.G.Gilbert (Loranthaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a hemiparasite growing on the shrub
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EA861B7AFCD1FD20" authority="(Thunb.) Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." baseAuthorityName="Thunb." box="[443,846,619,646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Tecomaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EA861B7AFD06FD21" box="[443,665,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Tecomaria capensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Thunb.) Lindl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB590E53EBFA1B9EFF74FD54" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB590E53EBFA1B9EFF74FD54" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EBFA1B9EFED1FD0C" bold="true" box="[199,334,655,681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB590E53E9941B9EFD46FD0C" box="[681,729,655,681]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, the Bundali Hills in south-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB590E53EFF71B9EFAADFD0C" box="[1226,1330,655,681]" name="Tanzania" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The butterfly fauna of this undulating grassy plateau with submontane-montane forest in the deeper valleys is very poorly known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E10A6CB590E53EBFA1BEBFC86FB90" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB590E53EBFA1BEBFD32FCF8" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EBFA1BEBFED3FCB1" bold="true" box="[199,332,762,788]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EA691BEAFE5CFCB0" authorityName="Sáfián & Bayliss & Congdon" authorityYear="2022" box="[340,451,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bundali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EA691BEAFE5CFCB0" box="[340,451,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. bundali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB590E53E9E91BEAFC9BFCB0" box="[724,772,763,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and is replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EF031BEAFB2FFCB1" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[1086,1200,763,788]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EF031BEAFB2FFCB1" box="[1086,1200,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only
|
||
<quantity id="4CECEEC8CB590E53EFCF1BEAFAA5FCB0" box="[1266,1338,763,789]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
|
||
south in the Mafinga Hills in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB590E53EABF1A0EFE44FC9C" box="[386,475,799,825]" name="Zambia" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This extreme speciation projects the existence of further similar taxa in mountainous areas along the western shores of Lake
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30303BDCB590E53E96D1A52FD36FCF8" box="[592,681,835,861]" name="Malawi" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB432DCB590E53EBFA1A77FC86FB90" blockId="16.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EBFA1A77FE11FC24" bold="true" box="[199,398,870,897]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Taxonomic note.</emphasis>
|
||
the genitalia of the “as yet undescribed” taxon mentioned in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53EEB11A76FF6EFC01" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53EEB11A76FF6EFC01" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to occur on Nyika Plateau correspond with those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB590E53E85A1A9AFC56FC00" box="[871,969,907,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1438AECB590E53E8D21A9AFBFFFC01" authorityName="Heath" authorityYear="1985" box="[1007,1120,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Iolaus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stewarti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53E8D21A9AFBFFFC01" box="[1007,1120,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">I. stewarti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB590E53EE3C1A9AFA06FC00" author="Heath, A." box="[1281,1433,906,933]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" pagination="257 - 266" refId="ref10554" refString="Heath, A. (1985) Revision of three Iolaus subgenera and descriptions of two new species Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera) from Zambia. Arnoldia Zimbabwe, 9 (18), 257 - 266." type="journal article" year="1985">Heath (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is not mentioned again by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB590E53EAEB1ABEFD33FC6C" author="Heath, A. & Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D." box="[470,684,943,969]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" refId="ref10591" refString="Heath, A., Newport, M. A. & Hancock, D. (2002) The butterflies of Zambia. African Butterfly Research Institute and The Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Nairobi, 137 pp., CD ROM." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Heath
|
||
<emphasis id="B9609F3FCB590E53E9221ABEFDC8FC6C" box="[543,599,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, the blue colour on the upperside of females in the Nyika Plateau population is visibly lighter compared to one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AFFD8FCB590E53E8081AC2FC3FFC48" box="[821,928,979,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
illustrated in colour by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF853EDCCB590E53EF901AC2FAF9FC48" author="References d'Abrera, B." box="[1197,1382,979,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="62" pagination="531 - 880" refId="ref10070" refString="References d'Abrera, B. (2009) s. n. In: Butterflies of the Afrotropical Region. Part III Lycaenidae, Riodinidae. Hill House Publishers, Melbourne and London, pp. 531 - 880." type="book chapter" year="2009">d’Abrera (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The cell-closing black tooth on the forewing upperside (illustrated on
|
||
<figureCitation id="132F5FA8CB590E53E8571AE6FC75FBB4" box="[874,1002,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,889,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-341@17.[151,1436,885,1823]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Known localities of species in the Iolaus maritimus species group. Only type localities and identifications confirmed via examination of genitalia are illustrated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6036745" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6036745/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="62">Fig. 10B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) is also rather inconspicuous. The matter could be best approached using molecular techniques.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |