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<document id="7ED5E7DCE87D6E727241A053E03512E3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391931" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391931" ID-ZooBank="25B9843D-F0AA-4100-8E8E-DA0030EBE56D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648504512204" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skelley, Paul E., Clavijo-Bustos, Julian &amp; Keller, Oliver" docDate="2022" docId="039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0915.1-14.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (915)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Termitodius woodruffi Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller 2022, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFAEE00A650FEE60FFF5FFA8FF91FF91" masterDocTitle="Extinct or extant? A new species of Termitodius Wasmann, 1894, (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) with a short review of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1699308853719" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
<mods:mods id="D1A018D1F99F4D31AF71ED277048CA9A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6126D207EF0155A8E4F8A2D077388AA4">
<mods:title id="0FE67D21886BD2471704925D726D36DA">Extinct or extant? A new species of Termitodius Wasmann, 1894, (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) with a short review of the genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="AAC1FBB6B468D9F97996C816AB4F2420" type="personal">
<mods:role id="97A53DBAF57B4D55ACA04870723F9FB4">
<mods:roleTerm id="7ED2C2BEC3FC0C30342880CD9DBA06C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8E032138D2AE852E3DB5DEBC42DFC0A3">Skelley, Paul E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DAF6381D0C688C47CEC4DDB350B7ACF8">Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services P. O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614 - 7100</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D91D206BD958585F8A142084B4087F06" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CC704D85BAB6A36F53F1D8FDED940DBC">
<mods:roleTerm id="A1AE8C6C94022BCE3FE6D57B90FED812">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9A81BB3D090B409A5C6B0956F6C6DC28">Clavijo-Bustos, Julian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CA582385306A965F23834A74880B66F1">Entomology section, Biological Collections Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="76E45B4E7A2B5C6C91544B6F6F08B17D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0D9271EF12C76E8024358F14237DF81B">
<mods:roleTerm id="856EF7103ABD89AC53C22F233E7736F7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B33E1B6303529EB25EDBD5A33D25DEDE">Keller, Oliver</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4BD3C401A159B720AAB8352B5EB5A452">Florida State Collection of Arthropods Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services P. O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614 - 7100</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0ED6EA7B0F1066004F6DA1EE955F021D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="DA8C0CF5065667DFD87D2A7197162801" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="3752C2F274E7E96EB269B43B7699D544">
<mods:title id="3FE4C49A6C58E71D38562DE8D1C40E1E">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A99BD3AA37F13B5AD724DD578E64B26B">
<mods:date id="162CFE4DB2AF3C6245AD2E0552F5BB05">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C6B4A59130113DCE63F928AE65034AB4" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3E068A434A69E53DED92EAC65B1BCEAB">2022-02-24</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="5E7EE453B1D604D0CD62097F1C8121D8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="15E6320FA73699618BA6C94CFD1C05A6">2022</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B822FDE526969D9700F47826604B49E6" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BFAB526CE5079E463365060C3191ACED">915</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="455CCF6A5B7A6F2B26DB12936FFEBD40">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="8BFA09B820EC2D868F8B620B6298ACBC">14</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="AE109FE617FDBE9A9BB72BDE571EF354">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A79A02B211F947ABD087D4082E7BD40F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391931</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="53F66D5A77C3165C2FC576442D2579A7" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C3247AEF6508EE67FF35FCBEFBA7FCA2" box="[192,1078,790,819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8129646508EE67FF35FCBEFBA7FCA2" blockId="7.[192,1078,790,853]" box="[192,1078,790,819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0C99E086508EE67FF35FCBEFBA7FCA2" box="[192,1078,790,819]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FF35FCBEFBA7FCA2" bold="true" box="[192,1078,790,819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76508EE67FF35FCBEFC04FCA2" authority="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[192,917,790,819]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FF35FCBEFE48FCA2" bold="true" box="[192,473,790,819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Termitodius woodruffi</emphasis>
Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279480D6508EE67FC54FCBFFBA7FCA2" box="[929,1078,790,819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3247AEF6508EE67FF35FC93FE6EFCC4" box="[192,511,827,853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8129646508EE67FF35FC93FE6EFCC4" blockId="7.[192,1078,790,853]" box="[192,511,827,853]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="130535E16508EE67FF35FC93FEC3FCC4" box="[192,338,827,853]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–10" captionStart-1="Figures 11–16" captionStart-2="Figures 17–25" captionStartId-0="5.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionStartId-1="8.[192,279,1329,1355]" captionStartId-2="9.[192,279,1561,1587]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1440,213,1532]" captionTargetId-0="figure-673@5.[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@8.[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetId-2="figure-67@9.[192,1440,213,1532]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="Figures 1–10. Termitodius species dorsal habitus and lateral pronotum. 1–2) T. coronatus, cotype. 3–4) T. araujoi. 5–6) T. chaki, paratype. 7–8) T. woodruffi, copal paratype. 9–10) T. woodruffi, holotype." captionText-1="Figures 11–16. Termitodius woodruffi, recent specimen, holotype. 11) Dorsal habitus. 12) Ventral habitus. 13) Lateral habitus. 14) Elytra apex, caudal view. 15) Head, anterior view. 16) Labels." captionText-2="Figures 17–25. Images of Termitodius and host. 17) T. woodruffi, paratype, cut open in copal processing, note genitalia inside body (arrow). After photographing, genitalia removed for study.18–19) T. araujoi male genitalia, caudal and lateral view. 20–21) T. woodruffi male genitalia of paratype in Fig. 17, caudal and lateral view. 22) T. woodruffi with worker host termite.23) Soldier termite with T. woodruffi. 24–25) T. woodruffi, individual paratypes." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391935" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391937" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391939" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6391935/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6391937/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6391939/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figures 7–17</figureCitation>
, 220–22, 24–32
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3247AEF6508EE67FF35FCCCFA0CFC77" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8129646508EE67FF35FCCCFA0CFC77" blockId="7.[191,1440,868,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FF35FCCCFEADFCEF" bold="true" box="[192,316,868,894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76508EE67FE2DFCCDFDCDFCEE" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1894" box="[472,604,869,895]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FE2DFCCDFDCDFCEE" box="[472,604,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Termitodius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the pronotal paramedian costa having the anterior lobe elongate in dorsal view and evenly rounded in lateral view, posterior part of discolateral pronotal costa absent medially, elytra intercostal areas glossy and entirely lacking transverse wrinkles, caudal bulbs of elytra appearing bilobed in dorsal view, posterior lobe of pronotal lateral margin concave to sharp posterior angle, and in distribution (
<collectingCountry id="F32969F46508EE67FAE9FC63FA00FC77" box="[1308,1425,971,998]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Colombia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3247AEF6508EE68FF35FC5DFDE3F888" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8129646508EE68FF35FC5DFDF6F9F8" blockId="7.[190,1443,1013,1927]" lastBlockId="8.[192,1443,1481,1641]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FF35FC5DFEC3FB9E" bold="true" box="[192,338,1013,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Description.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548597C66508EE67FEAEFC5DFE52FB9E" box="[347,451,1013,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FDE7FC5DFDC4FB9E" bold="true" box="[530,597,1013,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Body.</emphasis>
Length 3.44 mm, width 1.44 mm; color reddish brown; dorsum strongly costate often encrusted debris [removed for study], costae with fine punctures bearing fine setae; surface between costae glossy (
<figureCitation id="130535E16508EE67FE96FB91FE42FBC5" box="[355,467,1081,1108]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–10" captionStart-1="Figures 11–16" captionStartId-0="5.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionStartId-1="8.[192,279,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetId-0="figure-673@5.[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@8.[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Figures 1–10. Termitodius species dorsal habitus and lateral pronotum. 1–2) T. coronatus, cotype. 3–4) T. araujoi. 5–6) T. chaki, paratype. 7–8) T. woodruffi, copal paratype. 9–10) T. woodruffi, holotype." captionText-1="Figures 11–16. Termitodius woodruffi, recent specimen, holotype. 11) Dorsal habitus. 12) Ventral habitus. 13) Lateral habitus. 14) Elytra apex, caudal view. 15) Head, anterior view. 16) Labels." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391935" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391937" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6391935/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6391937/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7–13</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FE1CFB92FDBFFBC5" bold="true" box="[489,558,1082,1108]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Head.</emphasis>
Clypeus with anteriorly sinuate on each side, appearing multi-dentate; short sharp denticle on each side of anterior margin, lobes on gena angulate. Clypeus with central disc distinctly convex; with two weakly-raised parallel costae evident by punctation; peridiscal impression fine. Frons with four short but distinct longitudinal costae (two frontodiscal and two frontolateral), each with fine punctures; punctures of frons with setae similar to those on clypeus (
<figureCitation id="130535E16508EE67FD29FB6AFCBCFB4C" box="[732,813,1218,1245]" captionStart="Figures 11–16" captionStartId="8.[192,279,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11–16. Termitodius woodruffi, recent specimen, holotype. 11) Dorsal habitus. 12) Ventral habitus. 13) Lateral habitus. 14) Elytra apex, caudal view. 15) Head, anterior view. 16) Labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391937/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FCB1FB6AFC55FB4D" bold="true" box="[836,964,1218,1244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pronotum.</emphasis>
Surface glossy and apparently impunctate between costae; anterior portions of costae enlarged, appearing swollen and lobe-like. Paramedian costa complete, reduced behind anterior lobe, anterior lobe elongate, outwardly convex in dorsal view, evenly rounded on top in lateral view. Discolateral costa interrupted by pronotal depression, anterior lobe rounded, costa behind depression reduced to small tubercle at posterior margin base and near anterior fovea, absent medially. Submarginal costa complete, partially interrupted behind anterior lobe and at basal third. Lateral margin with laterally flattened anterior lobe on anterior third; posterior lobe prominent, concave laterally to sharp posterior angle. Scutellar shield not visible.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FE1BFA19FDDCFA5A" bold="true" box="[494,589,1457,1483]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Elytron.</emphasis>
Surface glossy and apparently impunctate between costae. Juxtasutural costa complete, fine, not prominently raised. Discomedial costa complete, prominent, swelling posteriorly to a weakly triangularly shaped postdiscal bulb. Discolateral costa complete, prominent, equally developed entire length to caudal trichome. Posthumeral costa sinuate basally, showing humeral umbone anteriorly, posteriorly becoming smaller, reaching caudal trichome. Marginal costa smaller than others, complete from anterior margin to caudal bulb. Caudal bulb in caudal view nearly spherical (
<figureCitation id="130535E16508EE67FCD8F9F3FCEFF9E4" box="[813,894,1627,1653]" captionStart="Figures 11–16" captionStartId="8.[192,279,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11–16. Termitodius woodruffi, recent specimen, holotype. 11) Dorsal habitus. 12) Ventral habitus. 13) Lateral habitus. 14) Elytra apex, caudal view. 15) Head, anterior view. 16) Labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391937/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), with impunctate depression on dorsal surface, creating the internal and external protrusion visible in dorsal and lateral views, appearing bilobed. Metaventrite. Surface evenly, distinctly punctate. Median impression distinct on posterior half, anterolateral and postlateral juxtacoxal impressions weak.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FDEDF969FD02F94A" bold="true" box="[536,659,1729,1755]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Ventrites finely punctate; groove along anteror margin of ventrites weakly fluted. Terminal ventrite with weak depressions along anterior margin.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FBCDF94BFB23F96C" bold="true" box="[1080,1202,1763,1789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pygidium.</emphasis>
Surface with median longitudinal carina, longitudinal furrow on each side; punctation similar to punctation of abdominal ventrites.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FF34F880FF6FF8D3" bold="true" box="[193,254,1832,1858]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Legs.</emphasis>
All femora and tibiae with surface evenly distinctly punctate. Profemur enlarged; mesofemur moderately swollen medially; metafemur narrow entire length, reaching elytral apex. Protibia with two small apical teeth, exterior margin weakly curved. Mesotibia with subapical concavity on inner margin (
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76508EE67FB87F8C4FB67F817" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1894" box="[1138,1270,1900,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766508EE67FB87F8C4FB67F817" box="[1138,1270,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Termitodius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956508EE68FAA7F8C4FF6BFA72" author="Skelley PE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref9150" refString="Skelley PE. 2007. Generic limits of the Rhyparini with respect to the genus Termitodius Wasmann, 1894 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae). Insecta Mundi 0009: 1 - 9." type="book chapter" year="2007">Skelley 2007</bibRefCitation>
); subapical tooth sharp. Metatibia narrow entire length, almost cylindrical in cross section. Tarsi shorter than tibia, tarsomeres thickened, basal meso- and metatarsomere as long as next two tarsomeres; claws reduced.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FF35F9A4FEFCF9B7" bold="true" box="[192,365,1548,1574]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
Not studied on unique
<typeStatus id="548597C66507EE68FD82F9A4FD4DF9B7" box="[631,732,1548,1574]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
;
<typeStatus id="548597C66507EE68FD13F9A5FCD6F9B6" box="[742,839,1549,1575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
with genitalia accessible (
<figureCitation id="130535E16507EE68FB9DF9A4FB70F9B7" box="[1128,1249,1548,1574]" captionStart="Figures 17–25" captionStartId="9.[192,279,1561,1587]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[192,1440,213,1532]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 17–25. Images of Termitodius and host. 17) T. woodruffi, paratype, cut open in copal processing, note genitalia inside body (arrow). After photographing, genitalia removed for study.18–19) T. araujoi male genitalia, caudal and lateral view. 20–21) T. woodruffi male genitalia of paratype in Fig. 17, caudal and lateral view. 22) T. woodruffi with worker host termite.23) Soldier termite with T. woodruffi. 24–25) T. woodruffi, individual paratypes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391939/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 20–21</figureCitation>
) have phallobase elongate, tubular; parameres short about a third length of phallobase; paramere apex ventrally curved in lateral view, broadly rounded in caudal view.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4179EC6507EE68FF35FA99FBD2FAFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391937/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" startId="8.[192,279,1329,1355]" targetBox="[192,1440,213,1300]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B8129646507EE68FF35FA99FBD2FAFC" blockId="8.[192,1441,1329,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FF35FA99FEFDFADD" bold="true" box="[192,364,1329,1356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Figures 11–16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76507EE68FE80FA9AFDFAFADD" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[373,619,1330,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FE80FA9AFDFAFADD" box="[373,619,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Termitodius woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recent specimen, holotype.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FC47FA99FC49FADA" bold="true" box="[946,984,1329,1355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">11)</emphasis>
Dorsal habitus.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FB66FA99FB28FADA" bold="true" box="[1171,1209,1329,1355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">12)</emphasis>
Ventral habitus.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FA89FA99FA30FADA" bold="true" box="[1404,1441,1329,1355]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">13)</emphasis>
Lateral habitus.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FE87FAFBFE06FAFC" bold="true" box="[370,407,1363,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">14)</emphasis>
Elytra apex, caudal view.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FD43FAFBFD4AFAFC" bold="true" box="[694,731,1363,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">15)</emphasis>
Head, anterior view.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FC3CFAFBFC7FFAFC" bold="true" box="[969,1006,1363,1389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">16)</emphasis>
Labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8129646507EE68FF35F9D1FDE3F888" blockId="8.[191,1441,1657,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FF35F9D1FEA7F902" bold="true" box="[192,310,1657,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Variation.</emphasis>
Variation is seen in the distinctness of the lobes on the elytral caudal bulb (
<figureCitation id="130535E16507EE68FB81F9D1FB5EF902" box="[1140,1231,1657,1683]" captionStart="Figures 1–10" captionStartId="5.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-673@5.[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1–10. Termitodius species dorsal habitus and lateral pronotum. 1–2) T. coronatus, cotype. 3–4) T. araujoi. 5–6) T. chaki, paratype. 7–8) T. woodruffi, copal paratype. 9–10) T. woodruffi, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391935/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7, 9</figureCitation>
). In all, the surface is at least slightly concave, flattened, compared with the convex to distinctly rounded bulb of the other species. Other variations in surface structure (e.g. weak elytral interval sculpture
<figureCitation id="130535E16507EE68FC15F914FB8DF946" box="[992,1052,1724,1751]" captionStart="Figures 1–10" captionStartId="5.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-673@5.[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1–10. Termitodius species dorsal habitus and lateral pronotum. 1–2) T. coronatus, cotype. 3–4) T. araujoi. 5–6) T. chaki, paratype. 7–8) T. woodruffi, copal paratype. 9–10) T. woodruffi, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391935/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
vs. no sculpture
<figureCitation id="130535E16507EE68FB20F914FA83F947" box="[1237,1298,1724,1750]" captionStart="Figures 1–10" captionStartId="5.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetId="figure-673@5.[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 1–10. Termitodius species dorsal habitus and lateral pronotum. 1–2) T. coronatus, cotype. 3–4) T. araujoi. 5–6) T. chaki, paratype. 7–8) T. woodruffi, copal paratype. 9–10) T. woodruffi, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391935/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) could relate to resin preservation and subsequent viewing methods. Visibility of resin-preserved specimens is usually poor, hindering detailed studies of variation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3247AEF6507EE6AFF35F881FEE0FDBE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8129646507EE68FF35F881FA30F817" blockId="8.[192,1442,1833,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766507EE68FF35F881FE3EF8D2" bold="true" box="[192,431,1833,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Materials examined.</emphasis>
Male
<typeStatus id="548597C66507EE68FE03F881FDC9F8D2" box="[502,600,1833,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="130535E16507EE68FD9DF881FD45F8D5" box="[616,724,1833,1860]" captionStart-0="Figures 1–10" captionStart-1="Figures 11–16" captionStartId-0="5.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionStartId-1="8.[192,279,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetId-0="figure-673@5.[192,1444,995,1836]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@8.[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Figures 1–10. Termitodius species dorsal habitus and lateral pronotum. 1–2) T. coronatus, cotype. 3–4) T. araujoi. 5–6) T. chaki, paratype. 7–8) T. woodruffi, copal paratype. 9–10) T. woodruffi, holotype." captionText-1="Figures 11–16. Termitodius woodruffi, recent specimen, holotype. 11) Dorsal habitus. 12) Ventral habitus. 13) Lateral habitus. 14) Elytra apex, caudal view. 15) Head, anterior view. 16) Labels." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391935" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391937" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6391935/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6391937/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 9–15</figureCitation>
) label data (
<figureCitation id="130535E16507EE68FCAAF881FC21F8D5" box="[863,944,1833,1860]" captionStart="Figures 11–16" captionStartId="8.[192,279,1329,1355]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[192,1440,213,1300]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figures 11–16. Termitodius woodruffi, recent specimen, holotype. 11) Dorsal habitus. 12) Ventral habitus. 13) Lateral habitus. 14) Elytra apex, caudal view. 15) Head, anterior view. 16) Labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391937/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
): “// Feby 1924 / WMMann // Santa Anna /
<collectingCountry id="F32969F46507EE68FF34F8E2FEA1F8F5" box="[193,304,1866,1892]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Colombia</collectingCountry>
// Collection / WMMann //
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76507EE68FD83F8E2FD6EF8F5" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1894" box="[630,767,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Termitodius</taxonomicName>
/ cornonatus Wasm. / ReyesCastillo. det. 86 //
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76507EE68FAE5F8E3FA33F8F4" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[1296,1442,1867,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Rhinotermitidae" genus="Coptotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Coptotermes</taxonomicName>
/ sp. D. R. Smith 67 // [yellow paper with red ink, OLCartwright’s handwriting] N. Sp. N3[?] median / pronotal
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4179EC6506EE69FF35F9B1FA30F908" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391939/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" startId="9.[192,279,1561,1587]" targetBox="[192,1440,213,1532]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B8129646506EE69FF35F9B1FA30F908" blockId="9.[191,1441,1561,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FF35F9B1FEFDF9A5" bold="true" box="[192,364,1561,1588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Figures 17–25.</emphasis>
Images of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76506EE69FE1EF9B2FDFEF9A5" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1894" box="[491,623,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FE1EF9B2FDFEF9A5" box="[491,623,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Termitodius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and host.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FD12F9B1FC9CF9A2" bold="true" box="[743,781,1561,1587]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">17)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76506EE69FCE1F9B3FC0CF9A5" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[788,925,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FCE1F9B3FCB4F9A5" box="[788,805,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FCC6F9B2FC0CF9A5" box="[819,925,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, cut open in copal processing, note genitalia inside body (arrow). After photographing, genitalia removed for study.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FBC2F993FB16F9C4" bold="true" box="[1079,1159,1595,1621]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">18–19)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76506EE69FB78F994FB68F9C4" box="[1165,1273,1596,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araujoi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FB78F994FB0FF9C4" box="[1165,1182,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FB5FF994FB68F9C4" box="[1194,1273,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">araujoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male genitalia, caudal and lateral view.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FE38F9F5FD8DF9E6" bold="true" box="[461,540,1629,1655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">20–21)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76506EE69FDD7F9F6FD38F9E6" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[546,681,1629,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FDD7F9F6FDA2F9E6" box="[546,563,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FDB4F9F5FD38F9E6" box="[577,681,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male genitalia of paratype in Fig. 17, caudal and lateral view.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FAABF9F5FA12F9E6" bold="true" box="[1374,1411,1629,1655]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">22)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76506EE69FA7CF9F6FEB9F908" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FA7CF9F6FA0BF9E6" box="[1417,1434,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FF35F9D7FEB9F908" box="[192,296,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with worker host termite.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FDB7F9D6FDF9F909" bold="true" box="[578,616,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">23)</emphasis>
Soldier termite with
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76506EE69FCBCF9D7FC5FF908" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[841,974,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FCBCF9D7FCCBF909" box="[841,858,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FC93F9D7FC5FF908" box="[870,974,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FC2CF9D6FBB8F909" bold="true" box="[985,1065,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">24–25)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76506EE69FBD8F9D7FB20F908" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[1069,1201,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FBD8F9D7FBAFF909" box="[1069,1086,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FBBCF9D7FB20F908" box="[1097,1201,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, individual paratypes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8129646506EE69FF35F94CFE41F88E" blockId="9.[192,1440,1763,1823]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
carinae / [blue ink] #1 // [red paper]
<typeStatus id="548597C66506EE69FD81F94CFC94F96F" box="[628,773,1764,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6506EE69FCFBF94DFCB2F891" box="[782,803,1765,1792]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76506EE69FCC3F94CFC2BF96F" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1894" box="[822,954,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FCC3F94CFC2BF96F" box="[822,954,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Termitodius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76506EE69FC23F94CFB09F96F" authority="Skelley" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[982,1176,1764,1790]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FC23F94CFBD1F96F" box="[982,1088,1764,1790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">woodruffi</emphasis>
Skelley
</taxonomicName>
, / Clavijo, &amp; Keller //”, deposited in the
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16506EE69FE8FF8ADFE5DF88E" box="[378,460,1797,1823]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8129646506EE6AFF35F887FEE0FDBE" blockId="9.[192,1440,1839,1899]" lastBlockId="10.[192,1443,230,559]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396506EE6AFF35F887FCFAFE91" collectionCode="AAIC" country="Colombia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" location="One" municipality="Colombian" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="10" stateProvince="Boyaca" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE69FF35F887FEA3F8D8" bold="true" box="[192,306,1839,1865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus id="548597C66506EE69FF35F887FEA3F8D8" box="[192,306,1839,1865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(&gt;200).
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5B31E6506EE69FE65F887FD9FF8D8" box="[400,526,1839,1865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Colombian</collectingMunicipality>
specimens reported in the 17 copal pieces reported here are considered
<typeStatus id="548597C66506EE69FADBF887FA0DF8D8" box="[1326,1436,1839,1865]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, and will have
<typeStatus id="548597C66506EE69FE96F8F9FE55F8FA" box="[355,452,1873,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
labels associated with each piece of copal in their repositories.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766506EE6AFB52F8F8FEC6FE91" bold="true" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
<collectingCountry id="F32969F46506EE69FB52F8F8FAAFF8FB" box="[1191,1342,1872,1898]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FAE7866506EE6AFAB9F8F8FEC3FE91" country="Colombia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" name="Boyaca" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Boyacá Department</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFEA8FF4EFE1CFE91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFEA8FF4EFE1CFE91" box="[349,397,230,256]" country="Colombia" municipality="Colombian" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Boyaca">One</location>
medium piece with ~
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFD8AFF4EFC9CFE91" box="[639,781,230,256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">10 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFCEEFF4EFCF5FE91" box="[795,868,230,256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">AAIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFC80FF4EFAF7FE91" box="[885,1382,230,256]" collectionCode="AAIC" country="Colombia" location="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Boyaca" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFC80FF4EFC34FE91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFC80FF4EFC34FE91" box="[885,933,230,256]" country="Colombia" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Boyaca">One</location>
medium piece with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFB7DFF4EFA99FE91" box="[1160,1288,230,256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">2 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFAE0FF4EFACFFE91" box="[1301,1374,230,256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">AAIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFA85FF4EFF77FED2" collectionCode="AAIC, CEMT" country="Colombia" location="Four" municipality="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE5B31E6505EE6AFA85FF4EFA31FE91" box="[1392,1440,230,256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">One</collectingMunicipality>
small piece with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFE77FEAFFD95FEB3" box="[386,516,263,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">2 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFDE1FEAFFDCCFEB0" box="[532,605,263,289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">AAIC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFD87FEAFFC18FEB0" bold="true" box="[626,905,263,289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<collectingRegion id="49FAE7866505EE6AFD87FEAFFC15FEB0" box="[626,900,263,289]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Santander Department</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFC61FEA0FC5BFEB3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFC61FEA0FC5BFEB3" box="[916,970,264,290]" country="Colombia" municipality="One" name="Four" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Santander">Four</location>
pieces with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFBAFFEAFFB40FEB3" box="[1114,1233,263,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">1 paratype</specimenCount>
each (
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFAE8FEAFFAFDFEB0" box="[1309,1388,263,289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">CEMT</collectionCode>
,
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFA8DFEAFFF4FFED2" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="12.[192,279,1564,1590]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-65@12.[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 27–32. Some smaller copal pieces containing T. woodruffi paratypes, host termites and other inclusions. 27) CMNC. 28) REWC. 29–30) CEMT. Scale line = 1 mm. 31) IAvH-E. 32) FSCA (ex. RLBC), arrow indicates male with genitalia extracted, see Fig. 17. Photos for Figures 29–30 by Vinícius Costa-Silva (CEMT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391945/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFF07FE81FD73FED2" box="[242,738,297,323]" collectionCode="CEMT" country="Colombia" location="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFF07FE81FEB3FED2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFF07FE81FEB3FED2" box="[242,290,297,323]" country="Colombia" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Santander">One</location>
piece with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFE56FE81FDB2FED2" box="[419,547,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">3 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFDC4FE81FD11FED2" box="[561,640,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">CEMT</collectionCode>
,
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFD7EFE81FD4BFED2" box="[651,730,297,323]" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="12.[192,279,1564,1590]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-65@12.[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 27–32. Some smaller copal pieces containing T. woodruffi paratypes, host termites and other inclusions. 27) CMNC. 28) REWC. 29–30) CEMT. Scale line = 1 mm. 31) IAvH-E. 32) FSCA (ex. RLBC), arrow indicates male with genitalia extracted, see Fig. 17. Photos for Figures 29–30 by Vinícius Costa-Silva (CEMT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391945/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFD1BFE81FB39FED2" box="[750,1192,297,323]" collectionCode="IFIC" country="Colombia" location="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFD1BFE81FC8FFED2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFD1BFE81FC8FFED2" box="[750,798,297,323]" country="Colombia" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Santander">One</location>
small piece with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFC17FE81FBC6FED2" box="[994,1111,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">1 paratype</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFB93FE81FB31FED2" box="[1126,1184,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">IFIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFB46FE81FC9DFE58" collectionCode="AAIC, CMNC, RLBC, FSCA" country="Colombia" location="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="22" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFB46FE81FB72FED2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFB46FE81FB72FED2" box="[1203,1251,297,323]" country="Colombia" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Santander">One</location>
small piece with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFF34FEE3FED0FEF4" box="[193,321,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">2 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFEBAFEE3FE09FEF4" box="[335,408,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">AAIC</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFE5CFEE2FD73FEF4" bold="true" box="[425,738,330,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Questionable locality data:</emphasis>
One small piece with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFC2FFEE2FBCBFEF4" box="[986,1114,330,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">5 paratypes</specimenCount>
labeled “copal from Kacheta, Colombia”, with “Kacheta” crossed out and replaced with “Cachira ??” (
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFC17FEC4FBA8FE17" box="[994,1081,364,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">CMNC</collectionCode>
,
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFBB1FEC4FB04FE17" box="[1092,1173,364,390]" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="12.[192,279,1564,1590]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-65@12.[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 27–32. Some smaller copal pieces containing T. woodruffi paratypes, host termites and other inclusions. 27) CMNC. 28) REWC. 29–30) CEMT. Scale line = 1 mm. 31) IAvH-E. 32) FSCA (ex. RLBC), arrow indicates male with genitalia extracted, see Fig. 17. Photos for Figures 29–30 by Vinícius Costa-Silva (CEMT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391945/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFB5CFEC4FAFBFE17" bold="true" box="[1193,1386,364,390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">No locality data:</emphasis>
One medium-sized piece with about
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFDC6FE25FD52FE39" box="[563,707,397,424]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">15 paratypes</specimenCount>
including the male specimen (arrow) with genitalia visible and removed for study (
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFE6FFE07FE70FE58" box="[410,481,431,457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">RLBC</collectionCode>
donated to
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFD93FE07FD3AFE58" box="[614,683,431,457]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
,
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFD40FE07FC95FE58" box="[693,772,431,457]" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="12.[192,279,1564,1590]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-65@12.[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 27–32. Some smaller copal pieces containing T. woodruffi paratypes, host termites and other inclusions. 27) CMNC. 28) REWC. 29–30) CEMT. Scale line = 1 mm. 31) IAvH-E. 32) FSCA (ex. RLBC), arrow indicates male with genitalia extracted, see Fig. 17. Photos for Figures 29–30 by Vinícius Costa-Silva (CEMT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391945/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFCE2FE07FAF4FE5B" box="[791,1381,431,458]" collectionCode="FSCA" country="Colombia" location="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="100" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFCE2FE07FCD6FE58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFCE2FE07FCD6FE58" box="[791,839,431,457]" country="Colombia" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Santander">One</location>
large piece with ~
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFBE7FE07FB3EFE5B" box="[1042,1199,431,458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">100 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFB48FE07FA95FE58" box="[1213,1284,431,457]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/jekt-x82m" name="Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="Museum">FSCA</collectionCode>
,
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFAFBFE07FACDFE5B" box="[1294,1372,431,458]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="11.[191,267,1291,1317]" captionTargetBox="[194,1442,216,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-230@11.[194,1442,216,1261]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 26. Large copal piece with about 100 T. woodruffi paratypes (FSCA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391943/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFA85FE07FC9CFE7A" collectionCode="IAvH-E" country="Colombia" location="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="40" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFA85FE07FA31FE58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFA85FE07FA31FE58" box="[1392,1440,431,457]" country="Colombia" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Santander">One</location>
medium piece with ~
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFE5AFE79FDD1FE7A" box="[431,576,465,491]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">40 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFDBAFE79FD3BFE7A" box="[591,682,465,491]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">IAvH-E</collectionCode>
,
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFD40FE79FC95FE7A" box="[693,772,465,491]" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="12.[192,279,1564,1590]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-65@12.[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 27–32. Some smaller copal pieces containing T. woodruffi paratypes, host termites and other inclusions. 27) CMNC. 28) REWC. 29–30) CEMT. Scale line = 1 mm. 31) IAvH-E. 32) FSCA (ex. RLBC), arrow indicates male with genitalia extracted, see Fig. 17. Photos for Figures 29–30 by Vinícius Costa-Silva (CEMT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391945/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFCECFE79FAB3FE7A" box="[793,1314,465,491]" collectionCode="RLBC" country="Colombia" location="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="17" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFCECFE79FCD8FE7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFCECFE79FCD8FE7A" box="[793,841,465,491]" country="Colombia" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Santander">One</location>
medium piece with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFBC7FE79FB51FE7A" box="[1074,1216,465,491]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">17 paratypes</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFB3AFE79FA8BFE7A" box="[1231,1306,465,491]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">RLBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFAD8FE79FD9EFD9C" collectionCode="OKIC" country="Colombia" location="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFAD8FE79FACCFE7A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFAD8FE79FACCFE7A" box="[1325,1373,465,491]" country="Colombia" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Santander">One</location>
small piece with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFECFFE5BFE3EFD9C" box="[314,431,499,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">1 paratype</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFE4BFE5BFD96FD9C" box="[446,519,499,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">OKIC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5623396505EE6AFDEFFE5BFEFCFDBE" collectionCode="REWC" country="Colombia" location="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Santander" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EE17FBF6505EE6AFDEFFE5BFDDBFD9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039798726508EE6BFF35FCBEFC73F93F:8EE17FBF6505EE6AFDEFFE5BFDDBFD9C" box="[538,586,499,525]" country="Colombia" name="One" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Santander">One</location>
small piece with
<specimenCount id="9D38E2ED6505EE6AFCFEFE5BFC1AFD9C" box="[779,907,499,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">3 paratypes</specimenCount>
and millipedes (
<collectionCode id="ED2FB1A16505EE6AFBB1FE5BFB07FD9C" box="[1092,1174,499,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">REWC</collectionCode>
,
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFB54FE5AFB7FFD9C" box="[1185,1262,498,525]" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="12.[192,279,1564,1590]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-65@12.[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 27–32. Some smaller copal pieces containing T. woodruffi paratypes, host termites and other inclusions. 27) CMNC. 28) REWC. 29–30) CEMT. Scale line = 1 mm. 31) IAvH-E. 32) FSCA (ex. RLBC), arrow indicates male with genitalia extracted, see Fig. 17. Photos for Figures 29–30 by Vinícius Costa-Silva (CEMT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391945/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
, current repository unknown)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3247AEF6505EE6AFF35FD95FB1EFD0A" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8129646505EE6AFF35FD95FB1EFD0A" blockId="10.[192,1440,573,667]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFF35FD95FECBFDC6" bold="true" box="[192,346,573,599]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</emphasis>
‘Santa Anna’ refers to a municipality in the department of
<collectingRegion id="49FAE7866505EE6AFBFCFD96FB16FDC9" box="[1033,1159,574,600]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32969F46505EE6AFB61FD96FA97FDC9" box="[1172,1286,574,600]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. Records at a department level certainly correspond to localities in the
<collectingRegion id="49FAE7866505EE6AFCC8FDF7FC29FDE8" box="[829,952,607,633]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
valley. In this way, the species is distributed in the
<collectingRegion id="49FAE7866505EE6AFEF2FD29FE7CFD0A" box="[263,493,641,667]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Magdalena province</collectingRegion>
, in the Pacific dominion of the Brazilian subregion (
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFBC7FD29FB13FD0A" box="[1074,1154,641,667]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="13.[265,341,1323,1349]" captionTargetBox="[243,1386,218,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-206@13.[239,1392,213,1293]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 33. Distribution of Termitodius species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391947/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3247AEF6505EE6AFF35FD03FDC1FC1F" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8129646505EE6AFF35FD03FDC1FC1F" blockId="10.[191,1442,682,910]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFF35FD03FED5FD54" bold="true" box="[192,324,683,709]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Etymology.</emphasis>
Noun in the genitive case. Named for Robert E. “Bob” Woodruff, a coleopterist and dealer in amber fossils. Bob worked hard identifying insects in amber for other dealers with the underlying goal of getting the best insect fossils to the appropriate scientists for taxonomic research. He built an amber collection at the FSCA and was very fond of amber from
<collectingCountry id="F32969F46505EE6AFDC0FCA7FD4CFCB8" box="[565,733,783,809]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
Republic. It is fitting we name a resin preserved species for him.
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFF35FC99FED5FCDA" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1894" box="[192,324,817,843]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFF35FC99FED5FCDA" box="[192,324,817,843]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Termitodius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the rarest genera in collections of extant species and belongs in Bob’s favorite beetle family, the scarabs. A few years ago, Bob gave PES a few pieces as gifts to work jointly on this description. Bob died before the manuscript could be completed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3247AEF6505EE6BFF35FC35FC73F93F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8129646505EE6AFF35FC35FE15FBAF" blockId="10.[191,1443,925,1927]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFF35FC35FED9FC26" bold="true" box="[192,328,925,951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Comments.</emphasis>
Detailed study of the recent specimen and those visible in copal yielded no characters sufficient to consider the two as distinct species. This would indicate the copal containing this species is from a younger deposit. Despite the lack of consensus about the age of Colombian copal, radiocarbon dating has been used, placing pieces from
<collectingRegion id="49FAE7866505EE6AFE87FBAAFE72FB8D" box="[370,483,1026,1052]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Santander</collectingRegion>
in the order of 60 to around 10,000 years old (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956505EE6AFC10FBAAFB29FB8C" author="Clifford DJ &amp; Hatcher PG &amp; Botto RE &amp; Muntean JV &amp; Michels B &amp; Anderson KB" box="[997,1208,1026,1053]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="449 - 464" refId="ref7566" refString="Clifford DJ, Hatcher PG, Botto RE, Muntean JV, Michels B, Anderson KB. 1997. The nature and fate of natural resins in the geosphere - VIII - NMR and Py-GC-MS characterization of soluble labdanoid polymers, isolated from Holocene class I resins. Organic Geochemistry 27 (7 - 8): 449 - 464." type="journal article" year="1997">Clifford et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956505EE6AFB37FBABFA0DFB8D" author="Penney D &amp; Wadsworth C &amp; Fox G &amp; Kennedy SL &amp; Preziosi RF &amp; Brown TA" box="[1218,1436,1026,1053]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="73150" refId="ref8645" refString="Penney D, Wadsworth C, Fox G, Kennedy SL, Preziosi RF, Brown TA. 2013 b. Absence of Ancient DNA in Sub-Fossil insect inclusions preserved in ' Anthropocene' Colombian Copal. PLoS ONE 8 (9): e 73150." type="journal article" year="2013">Penney et al. 2013b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956505EE6AFF35FB8CFEE9FBAF" author="Modi A &amp; Vergata C &amp; Zilli C &amp; Vischioni C &amp; Vai S &amp; Malagoli G &amp; Lari M &amp; Caramelli D &amp; Taccioli C." box="[192,376,1060,1087]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="6851" refId="ref8403" refString="Modi A, Vergata C, Zilli C, Vischioni C, Vai S, Malagoli G, Lari M, Caramelli D, Taccioli C. 2021. Successful extraction of insect DNA from recent copal inclusions: limits and perspectives. Scientific Reports 11: 6851." type="journal article" year="2021">Modi et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8129646505EE6AFEF5FBEEFC53FADA" blockId="10.[191,1443,925,1927]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
Small copal pieces often lack host termites. Larger pieces have termite hosts and often other arthropod inclusions (e.g., millipedes,
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFE08FBCFFDDCFB10" box="[509,589,1127,1153]" captionStart="Figures 27–32" captionStartId="12.[192,279,1564,1590]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-65@12.[192,1440,216,1534]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 27–32. Some smaller copal pieces containing T. woodruffi paratypes, host termites and other inclusions. 27) CMNC. 28) REWC. 29–30) CEMT. Scale line = 1 mm. 31) IAvH-E. 32) FSCA (ex. RLBC), arrow indicates male with genitalia extracted, see Fig. 17. Photos for Figures 29–30 by Vinícius Costa-Silva (CEMT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391945/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) that may also be termite nest guests. Some pieces have too many beetles to easily count (
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFE80FB21FE59FB35" box="[373,456,1161,1188]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="11.[191,267,1291,1317]" captionTargetBox="[194,1442,216,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-230@11.[194,1442,216,1261]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 26. Large copal piece with about 100 T. woodruffi paratypes (FSCA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391943/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
). With the knowledge that the copal is of a more recent origin, a soldier of the termite preserved with copal preserved
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFDD3FB03FD3FFB55" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[550,686,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFDD3FB03FDA7FB55" box="[550,566,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFDB1FB02FD3FFB55" box="[580,686,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFD48FB02FCA4FB54" box="[701,821,1194,1221]" captionStart="Figures 17–25" captionStartId="9.[192,279,1561,1587]" captionTargetBox="[192,1440,213,1532]" captionTargetId="figure-67@9.[192,1440,213,1532]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figures 17–25. Images of Termitodius and host. 17) T. woodruffi, paratype, cut open in copal processing, note genitalia inside body (arrow). After photographing, genitalia removed for study.18–19) T. araujoi male genitalia, caudal and lateral view. 20–21) T. woodruffi male genitalia of paratype in Fig. 17, caudal and lateral view. 22) T. woodruffi with worker host termite.23) Soldier termite with T. woodruffi. 24–25) T. woodruffi, individual paratypes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391939/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 22–23</figureCitation>
) was shown to R. Scheffrahn (University of Florida, Ft. Lauderdale) who identified it as a
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFDB6FB64FCD3FB76" authority="Wasmann" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1896" box="[579,834,1228,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Rhinotermitidae" genus="Coptotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFDB6FB64FD5DFB77" box="[579,716,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Coptotermes</emphasis>
Wasmann
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFCA7FB64FC23FB77" box="[850,946,1228,1254]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Isoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFC49FB64FBEAFB76" box="[956,1147,1228,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Rhinotermitidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhinotermitidae</taxonomicName>
). He stated (Scheffrahn in lit. 2005;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956505EE6AFED9FB46FDB4FA99" author="Scheffrahn RH &amp; Carrijo TF &amp; Krecek J &amp; Su N-Y &amp; Szalanski AL &amp; Austin JW &amp; Chase JA &amp; Mangold JR" box="[300,549,1261,1288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="333 - 348" refId="ref8873" refString="Scheffrahn RH, Carrijo TF, Krecek J, Su N-Y, Szalanski AL, Austin JW, Chase JA, Mangold JR. 2015. A single endemic and three exotic species of the termite genus Coptotermes (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) in the New World. Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny 73 (2): 333 - 348." type="journal article" year="2015">Scheffrahn et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
) that there is only one New World endemic species presently in
<collectingCountry id="F32969F46505EE6AFAFEFB46FAEDFA99" box="[1291,1404,1262,1288]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFA7FFB46FEB1FAB8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Rhinotermitidae" genus="Coptotermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testaceus">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFA7FFB46FEB1FAB8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">C. testaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.). These are known to live in the heartwood of living trees (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956505EE6AFC1CFAA7FB6CFAB8" author="Garcia Costa J &amp; de Lima Santos IC &amp; Peres Filho O &amp; Zanetti R &amp; dos Santos A." box="[1001,1277,1295,1322]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="310 - 314" refId="ref7974" refString="Garcia Costa J, de Lima Santos IC, Peres Filho O, Zanetti R, dos Santos A. 2020. Characterization of injury caused by Coptotermes testaceus in Tectona grandis plantations in Brazil. CERNE, 26 (3): 310 - 314." type="journal article" year="2020">Garcia Costa et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
), which might explain why
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFEB8FA9AFE43FADA" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[333,466,1329,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFEB8FA9AFE43FADA" box="[333,466,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">T. woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been preserved so abundantly in amber.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8129646505EE6AFEF5FAFAFE9AF9A7" blockId="10.[191,1443,925,1927]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
Compared to other aphodiines,
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFD84FAFBFD6BFAFD" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[625,762,1362,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFD84FAFBFD6BFAFD" box="[625,762,1362,1388]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">T. woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most common resin preserved aphodiine. The copal piece in
<figureCitation id="130535E16505EE6AFED6FADCFE1FFA1F" box="[291,398,1396,1422]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="11.[191,267,1291,1317]" captionTargetBox="[194,1442,216,1261]" captionTargetId="figure-230@11.[194,1442,216,1261]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 26. Large copal piece with about 100 T. woodruffi paratypes (FSCA)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391943/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figure 26</figureCitation>
likely has more specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFD11FADDFCFCFA1F" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[740,877,1396,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFD11FADDFD65FA1F" box="[740,756,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFCF7FADCFCFCFA1F" box="[770,877,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, than there are specimens of all species in collections. Bob Woodruff once owned a piece about the size of a grapefruit that had multiple hundreds of specimens. He sold that piece which he stated (pers. comm. PES) was on display in a museum. Specimens of this species are present in several collections and numerous private holdings not mentioned here. Photographs of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFAE2FA72FA31FA62" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[1303,1440,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFAE2FA72FAB6FA62" box="[1303,1319,1498,1523]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFAC0FA71FA31FA62" box="[1333,1440,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have appeared in various publications, like Penny and Green (2011), and on websites discussing copal or selling pieces.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8129646505EE6AFEF5F996FC09F891" blockId="10.[191,1443,925,1927]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
Despite that most of the
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFDE0F996FD7FF9C9" box="[533,750,1598,1624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFDE0F996FD08F9C9" box="[533,665,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Termitodius</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are known from a couple of localities and few specimens, the abundance of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFEA8F9C8FE4DF9E8" box="[349,476,1631,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruff">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFEA8F9C8FE4DF9E8" box="[349,476,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">T. woodruff</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in copal is likely atypical. In contrast, only one living specimen of the species has been recorded and collected almost a century ago. These aspects may suggest a couple probable explanations that are not exclusive between each other. First, the rarity nowadays of the species is because of its association with termites in heartwood of living trees and ineffective collecting techniques, as true for other members of the genus and the tribe, or even for the subfamily (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956505EE6AFD77F94EFC1CF891" author="Smith ABT &amp; Skelley PE" box="[642,909,1766,1792]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref9261" refString="Smith ABT, Skelley PE. 2007. A review of the Aphodiinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of southern South America. Zootaxa 1458: 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2007">Smith and Skelley 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8129646505EE6BFEF5F8AFFB0BF996" blockId="10.[191,1443,925,1927]" lastBlockId="11.[191,1440,1415,1711]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
Second, the rarity of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76505EE6AFE13F8A0FDFBF8B0" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[486,618,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766505EE6AFE13F8A0FDFBF8B0" box="[486,618,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">T. woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could also be explained by the probable reduction of its populations given the age of copal pieces and the climate and landscape changes that have taken place in Colombian tropical dry forests in recent years. Tropical dry forests are suffering from climate changes, especially more in the Americas than in other regions of the world (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956505EE6AFDB2F8C4FC93F816" author="Miles L &amp; Newton AC &amp; DeFries RS &amp; Ravilious C &amp; May I &amp; Blyth S &amp; Kapos V &amp; Gordon JE" box="[583,770,1900,1927]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="491 - 505" refId="ref8356" refString="Miles L, Newton AC, DeFries RS, Ravilious C, May I, Blyth S, Kapos V, Gordon JE. 2006. A global overview of the conservation status of tropical dry forests. Journal of biogeography 33: 491 - 505." type="journal article" year="2006">Miles et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Also, the distribution of dry forests in
<collectingCountry id="F32969F46505EE6AFB48F8C4FABDF817" box="[1213,1324,1900,1926]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Colombia</collectingCountry>
have been affected by landscape changes caused primarily by urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956504EE6BFB1FFA2FFA0DFA30" author="Etter A &amp; McAlpine C &amp; Wilson K &amp; Phinn S &amp; Possingham H." box="[1258,1436,1415,1442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="369 - 386" refId="ref7794" refString="Etter A, McAlpine C, Wilson K, Phinn S, Possingham H. 2006. Regional patterns of agricultural land use and deforestation in Colombia. Agriculture, Ecosystems &amp; Environment 114 (2 - 4): 369 - 386." type="journal article" year="2006">Etter et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956504EE6BFF35FA01FD89FA52" author="Fernandez-Mendez F &amp; Melo O &amp; Alvarez E &amp; Perez U &amp; Lozano A." box="[192,536,1449,1475]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="35 - 54" refId="ref7838" refString="Fernandez-Mendez F, Melo O, Alvarez E, Perez U, Lozano A. 2014. Status of knowledge, conservation, and management of tropical dry forest in the Magdalena River Valley, Colombia. p. 35 - 54. In: Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Powers JS, Fernandes GW, Quesada M. Tropical dry forest in the Americas: ecology, conservation, and management. CRC Press, Taylor &amp; Francis Group; Boca Raton, Florida, USA. 556 p." type="book chapter" year="2014">Fernández-Méndez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). As a result, the dry forests of
<collectingCountry id="F32969F46504EE6BFC87FA01FC70FA52" box="[882,993,1449,1475]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Colombia</collectingCountry>
in the
<collectingRegion id="49FAE7866504EE6BFBC5FA01FB3AFA52" box="[1072,1195,1449,1475]" country="Colombia" name="Magdalena" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Magdalena</collectingRegion>
valley and Caribbean region where
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76504EE6BFEACFA63FE70FA75" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[345,481,1482,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766504EE6BFEACFA63FEFBFA75" box="[345,362,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766504EE6BFE82FA62FE70FA75" box="[375,481,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded, have been declining in recent years and are vulnerable ecosystems that are endangered and in critical risk (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956504EE6BFD88FA44FC43F997" author="Fernandez-Mendez F &amp; Melo O &amp; Alvarez E &amp; Perez U &amp; Lozano A." box="[637,978,1516,1543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" pagination="35 - 54" refId="ref7838" refString="Fernandez-Mendez F, Melo O, Alvarez E, Perez U, Lozano A. 2014. Status of knowledge, conservation, and management of tropical dry forest in the Magdalena River Valley, Colombia. p. 35 - 54. In: Sanchez-Azofeifa A, Powers JS, Fernandes GW, Quesada M. Tropical dry forest in the Americas: ecology, conservation, and management. CRC Press, Taylor &amp; Francis Group; Boca Raton, Florida, USA. 556 p." type="book chapter" year="2014">Fernández-Méndez et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAF54956504EE6BFC29FA45FB1EF996" author="Etter A &amp; Andrade A &amp; Amaya P &amp; Arevalo P." box="[988,1167,1516,1543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" refId="ref7739" refString="Etter A, Andrade A, Amaya P, Arevalo P. 2015. Estado de los ecosistemas colombianos - 2014. Una aplicacion de la metodologia Lista Roja de Ecosistemas - UICN. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Colombia, Conservacion Internacional Colombia; Bogota D. C., Colombia. 74 p." type="book" year="2015">Etter et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4179EC6504EE6BFF4AFAA3FB9DFAB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391943" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391943" box="[191,1036,1291,1317]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391943/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" startId="11.[191,267,1291,1317]" targetBox="[194,1442,216,1261]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B8129646504EE6BFF4AFAA3FB9DFAB4" blockId="11.[191,1036,1291,1317]" box="[191,1036,1291,1317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766504EE6BFF4AFAA3FEA5FAB4" bold="true" box="[191,308,1291,1317]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Figure 26.</emphasis>
Large copal piece with about 100
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76504EE6BFD45FAA4FCA9FAB4" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[688,824,1291,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766504EE6BFD45FAA4FD50FAB4" box="[688,705,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766504EE6BFD3BFAA3FCA9FAB4" box="[718,824,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paratypes (FSCA).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8129646504EE6BFEF5F9A6FC73F93F" blockId="11.[191,1440,1415,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
In conclusion, we feel the rarity of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76504EE6BFD83F9A6FD6BF9B9" authorityName="Wasmann" authorityYear="1894" box="[630,762,1550,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766504EE6BFD83F9A6FD6BF9B9" box="[630,762,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Termitodius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in collections is only partially due to changes in the landscape which restrict populations to suitable habitats. But, the most important factor to their rarity is in the difficulty of sampling from live termite nests. As long as the host termites survive, populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C3E52E76504EE6BFB86F9FAFB6AF9FA" authorityName="Skelley, Clavijo-Bustos, and Keller" authorityYear="2022" box="[1139,1275,1617,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Termitodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodruffi">
<emphasis id="B94AF5766504EE6BFB86F9FAFB15F9FA" box="[1139,1156,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94AF5766504EE6BFB64F9F9FB6AF9FA" box="[1169,1275,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">woodruffi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will survive. If we had a better understanding how the copal was formed, we might gain some insight into these beetles. Obviously, we need to sample more appropriately for these taxa to find them.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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