treatments-xml/data/03/97/72/0397721BFFADBC03D79CFB4FFBFA6D6A.xml

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<mods:title id="914F3A78E1C052F84A73FBC0F7C0FCAE">Dusted off — the African Amietophrynus superciliaris - species complex of giant toads</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BDC3FBC44130F05F340A9739A6D78F47">Schmitz, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7995B667FB33D7041CCD9895390EC9D1">Hillers, Annika</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0397721BFFADBC03D79CFB4FFBFA6D6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191918" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119389750" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0397721BFFADBC03D79CFB4FFBFA6D6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0397721BFFADBC03D79CFB4FFBFA6D6A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFADBC0ED79CFB4FFDE36EAA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFADBC0ED79CFB4FFC006E8B" blockId="5.[151,971,1194,1253]" box="[151,971,1194,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0C97461FFADBC0ED79CFB4FFC006E8B" bold="true" box="[151,971,1194,1220]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFADBC0ED79CFB4FFC006E8B" bold="true" box="[151,971,1194,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFADBC0ED79CFB4FFD406E8B" ID-CoL="CSCD" box="[151,651,1194,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFADBC0ED79CFB4FFD406E8B" bold="true" box="[151,651,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amietophrynus superciliaris superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFADBC0ED591FB4FFCA86E8B" author="Boulenger" box="[666,867,1194,1220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1888) A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Rio del Rey, Cameroons District, W. Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, 1887, 564 - 565." type="book chapter" year="1888">Boulenger, 1888</bibRefCitation>
“1887”)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFADBC0ED79CFB28FDE36EAA" blockId="5.[151,971,1194,1253]" box="[151,552,1229,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFADBC0ED79CFB28FF286EAA" box="[151,227,1229,1253]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a “ H ”, vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark “? ” refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H = Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H 1 = Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H 2 = South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H = Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276863/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFADBC0ED7FAFB28FECB6EAA" box="[241,256,1229,1253]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[389,1199,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</figureCitation>
b, 3a–g, 4b, 5, 6e–g, 7b–c.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFADBC0ED79CFAF0FA8E6FC8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFADBC0ED79CFAF0FC706F64" blockId="5.[151,1436,1301,1415]" box="[151,955,1301,1323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFADBC0ED79CFAF0FE316F64" ID-CoL="NPFK" authority="Boulenger, 1888" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,506,1301,1323]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFADBC0ED79CFAF0FE876F64" box="[151,332,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bufo superciliaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFADBC0ED659FAF0FE316F64" author="Boulenger" box="[338,506,1301,1323]" pageId="5" pageNumber="28" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1888) A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Rio del Rey, Cameroons District, W. Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, 1887, 564 - 565." type="book chapter" year="1888">Boulenger, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
“1887”, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1887: 565
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFADBC0ED79CFAD1FC5F6F06" blockId="5.[151,1436,1301,1415]" box="[151,916,1331,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFADBC0ED79CFAD1FE196F06" ID-CoL="NP8L" authority="Werner, 1897" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,466,1332,1354]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFADBC0ED79CFAD1FE896F05" box="[151,322,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bufo laevissimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFADBC0ED643FAD0FE196F06" author="Werner" box="[328,466,1332,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="31" refString="Werner, F. (1897) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frosche der zoologischen Sammlung des Staates Munchen. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der koniglich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 27, 203 - 220." type="journal article" year="1897">Werner, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. München 27: 212
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFADBC0ED79CFAB7FA8E6FC8" blockId="5.[151,1436,1301,1415]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFADBC0ED79CFAB7FE7D6F27" ID-CoL="CSCD" box="[151,438,1362,1384]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFADBC0ED79CFAB7FE7D6F27" box="[151,438,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Amietophrynus superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFADBC0ED4C9FAB6FBC46FC8" author="Sa" pageId="5" pageNumber="29" refString="Frost, D., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 291." type="journal article" year="2006">Sa, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, &amp; Wheeler, 2006</bibRefCitation>
, Bull. Am. Nat. Hist. 297: 363
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFADBC0ED79CFA51FDAD6F83" blockId="5.[151,1437,1459,2024]" box="[151,614,1459,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFADBC0ED79CFA51FEFE6F83" bold="true" box="[151,309,1459,1484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFADBC0ED79CFA51FF196F83" box="[151,210,1460,1484]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
“Rio del Rey, 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED6D1FA51FD976F83" box="[474,604,1460,1484]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroons</collectingCountry>
”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFADBC0DD7CCFA32FECC6B70" blockId="5.[151,1437,1459,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2011]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFADBC0ED7CCFA32FE786FBF" bold="true" box="[199,435,1495,1520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</emphasis>
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757.61 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED5ECFA32FC946FA0" box="[743,863,1495,1519]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Efulen; 
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917.99-100 (
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) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED243FA32FF0F6C5B" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Sangmelima, Foulassi; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED6D1FA19FDFB6C5B" box="[474,560,1532,1556]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
955.88-89 (female + juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED49DFA19FBC56C5B" box="[918,1038,1532,1556]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Sangmelima; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED3BCFA19FAC66C5B" box="[1207,1293,1532,1556]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
1018.74-75, 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED79CF9FAFF266C78" box="[151,237,1567,1591]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
1018.78, 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED66DF9FAFE776C78" box="[358,444,1567,1591]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
1018.88, 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED53DF9FAFD476C78" box="[566,652,1567,1591]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
1018.91 (
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFADBC0ED40CF9FAFCA86C78" box="[775,867,1567,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
+ 
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFADBC0ED480F9FAFBC06C78" box="[907,1035,1567,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="juvenile">3 juveniles</specimenCount>
) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED314F9FAFB5C6C78" box="[1055,1175,1567,1591]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Sangmelima; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED24CF9FAFA566C78" box="[1351,1437,1567,1591]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
1018.77 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED655F9A1FE1E6C13" box="[350,469,1604,1628]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Ambam (Ntem); 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED5AAF9A1FD3D6C13" box="[673,758,1604,1628]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
1390.94-96 (male + 
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFADBC0ED4EAF9A1FB846C13" box="[993,1103,1604,1628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED356F9A1FB1E6C13" box="[1117,1237,1604,1628]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Okola, Yaoundé; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED79CF982FF266C30" box="[151,237,1639,1663]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
1390.97 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED6D3F982FD9B6C30" box="[472,592,1639,1663]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Kolmon 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED5CCF98CFD336CCE" box="[711,760,1641,1665]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Nga</collectingCountry>
, Yaoundé; 
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1467.9 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED3A8F982FB3B6C30" box="[1187,1264,1639,1663]" name="Gabon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, exact locality unknown; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED606F969FEA86CEB" box="[269,355,1676,1700]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
2094.10 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED53BF969FD636CEB" box="[560,680,1676,1700]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Ongot; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED40DF969FC976CEB" box="[774,860,1676,1700]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
2207.55-57 (
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFADBC0ED4FAF969FB966CEB" box="[1009,1117,1676,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
+ juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED3EFF969FAFA6CEB" box="[1252,1329,1676,1700]" name="Gabon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, Ogouée- Ivindo, Makokou; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED665F94AFE0F6C88" box="[366,452,1711,1735]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MHNG</collectionCode>
2207.62 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED590F94AFD226C88" box="[667,745,1711,1735]" name="Gabon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, Loa Loa-Ivindo; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED4B7F954FBD96C87" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[956,1042,1713,1736]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MNHN</collectionCode>
1946.157 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED20EF94AFA986C88" box="[1285,1363,1711,1735]" name="Gabon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, exact locality unknown; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED665F930FE776CA3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[366,444,1749,1772]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
4578 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED57AF931FD226CA3" box="[625,745,1748,1772]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Kumba; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED450F930FC626CA3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[859,937,1749,1772]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
8328 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED356F931FB1E6CA3" box="[1117,1237,1748,1772]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Victoria; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED244F930FA566CA3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[1359,1437,1749,1772]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
14905-6 (
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFADBC0ED608F912FEB96D40" box="[259,370,1783,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED68AF912FE326D40" box="[385,505,1783,1807]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Mezam, Bafut; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED5B9F91CFCCB6D5F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[690,768,1785,1808]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
15990 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED4B2F912FBFA6D40" box="[953,1073,1783,1807]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, exact locality unknown; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED244F91CFA566D5F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[1359,1437,1785,1808]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
18682 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED66FF8F9FE176D7B" box="[356,476,1820,1844]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED6E5F8F8FDF76D7B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[494,572,1821,1844]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
57800 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED403F8F9FC4B6D7B" box="[776,896,1820,1844]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Kumba; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED4F3F8F8FB8D6D7B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[1016,1094,1821,1844]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
67268 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED22BF8F9FA536D7B" box="[1312,1432,1820,1844]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Meked; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED7FDF8A4FE8F6D17" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[246,324,1857,1880]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
73192 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED51EF8A5FDA86D17" box="[533,611,1856,1880]" name="Gabon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, Barrage de Kinguélé; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED47AF8A4FC746D17" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" box="[881,959,1857,1880]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34613" name="Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZFMK</collectionCode>
90569 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED389F8A5FB316D17" box="[1154,1274,1856,1880]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Rumpi Hills, Mofako Balue; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED65AF880FE466D33" box="[337,397,1893,1916]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
3907 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED541F881FD096D33" box="[586,706,1892,1916]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, exact locality unknown; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED4FDF880FBF96D33" box="[1014,1074,1893,1916]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
19919-20, 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED3B6F880FB316D33" box="[1213,1274,1893,1916]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
19924, 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED254F880FA576D33" box="[1375,1436,1893,1916]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
71139-40 (formerly part of 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED6C5F86CFDC06DEF" box="[462,523,1929,1952]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
19920) (
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFADBC0ED57AF86DFD146DEF" box="[625,735,1928,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
+ juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED462F86DFC2A6DEF" box="[873,993,1928,1952]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Bipindi; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED35BF86CFB466DEF" box="[1104,1165,1929,1952]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
19921 (female) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED243F86DFF0F6D8B" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, exact locality unknown; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED6E3F848FDEE6D8B" box="[488,549,1965,1988]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
19922-23 (
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFADBC0ED5A2F849FCD26D8B" box="[681,793,1964,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED421F849FC696D8B" box="[810,930,1964,1988]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Kribi; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED4F2F848FBFE6D8B" box="[1017,1077,1965,1988]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
19971-73 (
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFADBC0ED3B0F849FAF36D8B" box="[1211,1336,1964,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="juvenile">3 juveniles</specimenCount>
) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED243F849FF0F6DA7" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Bipindi; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED63FF834FEBA6DA7" box="[308,369,2001,2024]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
20074 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED530F835FD786DA7" box="[571,691,2000,2024]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, exact locality unknown; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFADBC0ED4DDF834FBD96DA7" box="[982,1042,2001,2024]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMB</collectionCode>
20076 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFADBC0ED3D6F835FA9E6DA7" box="[1245,1365,2000,2024]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, exact locality unknown; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD662FF7DFE6D6AE0" box="[361,422,152,175]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMB</collectionCode>
20694 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD566FF72FD2E6AE0" box="[621,741,151,175]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, south 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD438FF72FC606AE0" box="[819,939,151,175]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD4BCFF7DFC3F6AE0" box="[951,1012,152,175]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMB</collectionCode>
20718 (male) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD39CFF72FAC46AE0" box="[1175,1295,151,175]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, south 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD255FF72FF116A9B" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD7ECFF58FEE86A9B" box="[231,291,189,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMB</collectionCode>
28775, 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD689FF58FE756A9B" box="[386,446,189,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMB</collectionCode>
74317-8 (formerly part of 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD5FEFF58FCFA6A9B" box="[757,817,189,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMB</collectionCode>
28775) (female + 
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFAEBC0DD302FF59FB4D6A9B" box="[1033,1158,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD39DFF59FAC56A9B" box="[1174,1294,188,212]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Bipindihof; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD79CFF05FF1F6AB8" box="[151,212,224,247]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMB</collectionCode>
32037 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD6A8FF3AFDD06AB8" box="[419,539,223,247]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Bipindi; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD585FF05FD016AB8" box="[654,714,224,247]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMB</collectionCode>
74319 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD490FF3AFC396AB8" box="[923,1010,223,247]" name="Nigeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, Cross River; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD392FF05FB1E6AB8" box="[1177,1237,224,247]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZMB</collectionCode>
74522 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD79CFEE1FEC46B53" box="[151,271,260,284]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, Nfakwo; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD680FEE1FE0E6B53" box="[395,453,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ZSM</collectionCode>
148/1989/1-2 (
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFAEBC0DD572FEE1FD166B53" box="[633,733,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD401FEE1FC016B53" box="[778,970,260,284]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD401FEE1FC016B53" box="[778,970,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<specimenCount id="9D380884FFAEBC0DD4E3FEE1FBA26B53" box="[1000,1129,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="juvenile">2 juveniles</specimenCount>
) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD370FEE1FB396B53" box="[1147,1266,260,284]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, exact locality unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAEBC0DD7CEFEAEFC686B80" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD7CEFEAEFE1B6B2B" bold="true" box="[197,464,331,356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Problematic material.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD6D6FEA8FDF86B2B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[477,563,333,356]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MNHN</collectionCode>
1923.50 (juvenile) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD42FFEA9FC076B2B" box="[804,972,332,356]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">French Congo</collectingCountry>
, locality unknown (today territories of 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD79CFE8AFF2E6BC8" box="[151,229,367,391]" name="Gabon" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gabon</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD7FFFE8AFDD16BC8" box="[244,538,367,391]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD521FE8AFCF26BC8" box="[554,825,367,391]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
); 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD45AFE95FC6C6BC8" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[849,935,368,391]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MNHN</collectionCode>
1933.16 (adult) Equatorial Africa, locality unknown; 
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD61BFE70FEAD6BE3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[272,358,405,428]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MNHN</collectionCode>
2002.0655 (adult) 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD54FFE71FCAC6BE3" box="[580,871,404,428]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, La Maboké, Mboye. 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD363FE71FB4C6BE3" box="[1128,1159,404,428]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">As</collectingCountry>
<collectionCode id="ED2F5BC8FFAEBC0DD39AFE70FB2C6BE3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1169,1255,405,428]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MNHN</collectionCode>
2002.0655 was completely dried out, the taxon specific characters are irrecognizable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFAEBC0DD7CEFE3EFF2A6930" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAEBC0DD7CEFE3EFC2A6873" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD7CEFE3EFEF46BBB" bold="true" box="[197,319,475,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Genetically the taxon belongs to the African toad genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD4CBFE39FAF46BBB" authority="Frost et al. 2006" authorityName="Frost et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[960,1343,476,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD4CBFE39FBA26BBB" box="[960,1129,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Amietophrynus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAEBC0DD37CFE39FAFC6BBB" author="Frost" box="[1143,1335,476,500]" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" refString="Frost, D., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., de Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. &amp; Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 291." type="journal article" year="2006">
Frost 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD3B0FE38FB276BBB" box="[1211,1260,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAEBC0DD241FE39FAA26BBB" box="[1354,1385,476,500]" name="American Samoa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">As</collectingCountry>
part of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD7E8FDE5FDE96857" box="[227,546,512,536]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD7E8FDE5FDE96857" box="[227,546,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Amietophrynus superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-species complex, the taxon differs from all other members of the genus by a smooth dorsal skin in adult specimens, straight loreal region and large size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAEBC0DD7CEFDADFC2D695B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Large toad; dorsal skin smooth in adults, granular in juveniles; body shape very broad, ovoid; tympanum distinct, drop-shaped, smaller than eye diameter; parotids prominent, shape of parotids like slender drop, parotid glands distinctly converging caudally, posterior end of parotid glands pointed; eyelid triangular in dorsal view, enlarging from edge to middle of eyelid in lateral view, forming a triangular eyelid process (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAEBC0DD39CFD51FB116883" box="[1175,1242,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1951,1974]" captionTargetBox="[389,1198,193,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[389,1199,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid in adult specimens (insets show how to measure width of eyelid): Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a; photo: C. Brede); A. s. superciliaris (b); A. channingi sp. nov. (c). Note the pointed eyelid in (b) and (c) forming a triangular eyelid process in lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276864/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
b); flank colouration reddish-purple; posterior part of back coloured like anterior part of dorsum; pair of spots on abdominal region present; extremities slender; males with nuptial swelling on fingers I and II.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAEBC0DD7CEFCC5FF2A6930" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD7CEFCC5FE446977" box="[197,399,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD7CEFCC5FE446977" box="[197,399,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD5DBFCC5FCB46977" box="[720,895,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD5DBFCC5FCB46977" box="[720,895,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the new species 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD377FCC5FAC46977" box="[1148,1295,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD377FCC5FAC46977" box="[1148,1295,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. channingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD212FCC5FABD6977" bold="true" box="[1305,1398,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFAEBC0DD212FCC5FABD6977" box="[1305,1398,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by colouration and body shape. For characters distinguishing between 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD490FCA1FBAE6913" box="[923,1125,836,860]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD490FCA1FBAE6913" box="[923,1125,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the two other taxa see below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFAEBC0CD7CCFC6EFB016D54" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAEBC0DD7CCFC6EFDEB6CF3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD7CCFC6EFE9269EB" bold="true" box="[199,345,907,932]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</emphasis>
Large sized 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD6E7FC69FD5E69EB" box="[492,661,908,932]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD6E7FC69FD5E69EB" box="[492,661,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Amietophrynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, with very robust body shape; females distinctly larger than males (maximum snout-urostyle-length – SUL – in males: 116.0– 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFAEBC0DD48BFC4AFC3F6987" box="[896,1012,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.284" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="128.4">128.4 mm</quantity>
, in females: 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFAEBC0DD38DFC4AFA816988" box="[1158,1354,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3074999999999999" metricValueMax="1.534" metricValueMin="1.081" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="130.75" valueMax="153.4" valueMin="108.1">108.1–153.4 mm</quantity>
); mean head width similar in both sexes, in males 38% of SUL, in females 39%; snout in lateral view short, slightly rounded; head without bony ridges; canthus rostralis distinct, angular; loreal region straight, slightly concave; distance eye-snout similar to eye diameter; nares closer to snout tip than to eye; eyelid in adult specimens of prominent triangular shape from dorsal and in lateral view, possessing a distinct prolongation in the middle; eyelid process in juveniles less distinct and almost absent in very small specimens; tympanum more or less distinct, positioned at a concave part of the cheeks; tympanum vertically prolonged, horizontal diameter smaller than eye diameter; dorsal skin smooth in adults, warty in juveniles; parotid glands very prominent, shaped like a slender drop, converging backwards, usually with a pointed tip (parotid length / parotid width ratio in males: 3.17, in females: 3.23); in some specimens posterior to parotids a glandular bulge extending to the groins as a dorsolateral fold; parotids distinctly bi-coloured: like flanks on lateral lower part and like back on dorsal surface; gland openings only on dorsal part of parotids (rarely extending onto the borderline of the colour transition); border between the two colours sharp; fingers and toes simple, not enlarged at the end; subarticular tubercles simple; relative length of fingers: III&gt; I&gt; II ≥ IV (mean length of finger I / length of finger III ratio in males: 88%, in females: 94%); manual webbing absent; femora short and slender; mean tibia length in both sexes 38% of SUL; inner and outer metatarsal tubercle present; relative toe length: IV&gt; III&gt; V&gt; II&gt; I; webbing rudimentary: 1 (0.5), 2 (1-0.5), 3 (2-1) or 3 (2- 1.25), 4 (2.75-2.75), 5 (1) or 5 (1.25); females growing larger than males; males with nuptial pads on fingers I and II. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAEBC0DD7B2F9F1FE4B6C63" author="Boulenger" box="[185,384,1556,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1888) A list of the reptiles and batrachians collected by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Rio del Rey, Cameroons District, W. Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London, 1887, 564 - 565." type="book chapter" year="1888">Boulenger (1888)</bibRefCitation>
mentions the presence of a tarsal fold in his description of the species, while 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAEBC0DD3F3F9F0FA576C63" author="Werner" box="[1272,1436,1556,1580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="31" refString="Werner, F. (1897) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frosche der zoologischen Sammlung des Staates Munchen. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der koniglich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 27, 203 - 220." type="journal article" year="1897">Werner (1897)</bibRefCitation>
states that the tarsal fold is absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD53BF9DDFD266C1F" box="[560,749,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD53BF9DDFD266C1F" box="[560,749,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Bufo laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(current synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD4D5F9DDFB696C1F" box="[990,1186,1592,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD4D5F9DDFB696C1F" box="[990,1186,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see below); a character also used within his bufonid key. A distinct tarsal fold was absent in all examined specimens, only an indistinct bulging of the skin has been observed in some specimens. In dehydrated specimens, this somehow concave skin might be mistaken for a tarsal fold.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAEBC0DD7CEF922FA5B6D03" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2011]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Juveniles possess a granular skin till they reach a size of about 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFAEBC0DD48BF922FC056CAF" box="[896,974,1735,1760]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAEBC0DD4D7F922FB076C90" author="Amiet" box="[988,1228,1735,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. &amp; Perret, J. - L. (1969) Contributions a la faune de la region de Yaounde (Cameroun) II. - Amphibiens anoures. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 3, 117 - 137." type="journal article" year="1969">Amiet &amp; Perret 1969</bibRefCitation>
). The largest specimen still showing minuscule warts on the dorsum measured 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFAEBC0DD434F909FC476D4B" box="[831,908,1772,1796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="46.0">46 mm</quantity>
(MHNG 917.99), in few subadult and predominantly smooth specimens, single tiny bulges were recognizable on the eyelids. The eyelid projection can be very small and almost absent in juveniles of 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD55AF8D1FCD66D03" box="[593,797,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAEBC0DD55AF8D1FCD36D03" box="[593,792,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">A. s. superciliaris</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
forming only a very indistinct “swelling” on the eyelid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAEBC0CD7CEF8B2FA5A6B2D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2011]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAEBC0DD7CEF8B2FE966D3F" bold="true" box="[197,349,1879,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colouration.</emphasis>
Dorsum a pale yellowish colour or marbled orange yellow (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAEBC0DD309F8BDFB9B6D3F" box="[1026,1104,1880,1904]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1396,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
b, c, e–g), extending from the tip of the snout, along the upper side of the parotids backwards to the abdominal region; a pair of dark spots on posterior third of back (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAEBC0DD672F87AFE0D6DF8" box="[377,454,1951,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1396,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
a, c, e–g); additional smaller spots on anterior part of back or between eyes in few adult specimens (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAEBC0DD617F826FEA06D94" box="[284,363,1987,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1396,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
c, e); intense red lateral colouration from tip of snout, continuing beneath the canthus rostralis and along entire flanks; sometimes parts of flank colouration darker, red-purple; ventral colouration ranging from light to intense reddish colour (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAFBC0CD6FAFF5EFDF86A9C" box="[497,563,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1396,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
d); extremities dark purple; inguinal region rarely with small spots; upper hind limbs and feet with white transversal bars; anterior extremities dark purple ventrally; gular region coloured like venter; juveniles coloured like adults but with additional transversal bars on tibiofibula, usually less distinct in adults (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAFBC0CD7E3FEC2FEFF6B70" box="[232,308,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1396,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
a–c, e); juveniles with more spots in addition to the abdominal pair on anterior part of back and in the interorbital region (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAFBC0CD67AFEAFFE756B2D" box="[369,446,330,354]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1396,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
a; 4; 5), these dark spots of different structure than surrounding skin, “drier and softer”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAFBC0CD7CEFE8BFEAA68CF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Interorbital markings of juvenile specimens usually consist of a pair of small blotches (sometimes dissolved into several smaller spots), caudally converging towards each other and barely reaching the eyelids (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAFBC0CD21AFE77FAAA6BE5" box="[1297,1377,402,426]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[221,1360,195,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[208,1377,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pattern of head markings in juvenile Amietophrynus s. chevalieri, A. s. superciliaris and A. channingi sp. nov. (specimens in lines from left to right; SUL in mm given in brackets). A. s. chevalieri (a): line 1: ZMB 74322 (22.3 mm); A. s. superciliaris (b): line 2: MHNG 757.61 (42.4 mm); MHNG 917.99 (46.2 mm); MHNG 955.89 (59.3 mm); MHNG 1018.88 (47.5 mm); line 3: MHNG 1018.91 (30.9 mm); MHNG 1390.97 (18.2 mm); ZFMK 67268 (17.0 mm); ZFMK 73192 (30.4 mm); line 4: ZMB 19924 (57.2 mm); ZMB 19971 (35.5 mm); ZMB 19972 (34.9 mm); ZMB 19973 (30.7 mm); line 5: ZMB 74319 (19.3 mm); ZMB 74522 (38.3 mm); A. channingi sp. nov. (c) line 6: MHNG 2520.25 (36.3 mm); ZFMK 34376; ZFMK 63895 (27.0 mm); ZFMK 63896 (21.3 mm); line 7: IRSNB-KBIN 1985, IRSNB-KBIN 11364 (2 juveniles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276866/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
b; 5). Exceptionally these blotches are fused (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAFBC0CD555FE53FD6F6B81" box="[606,676,438,462]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1814,1837]" captionTargetBox="[221,1360,195,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[208,1377,193,1787]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pattern of head markings in juvenile Amietophrynus s. chevalieri, A. s. superciliaris and A. channingi sp. nov. (specimens in lines from left to right; SUL in mm given in brackets). A. s. chevalieri (a): line 1: ZMB 74322 (22.3 mm); A. s. superciliaris (b): line 2: MHNG 757.61 (42.4 mm); MHNG 917.99 (46.2 mm); MHNG 955.89 (59.3 mm); MHNG 1018.88 (47.5 mm); line 3: MHNG 1018.91 (30.9 mm); MHNG 1390.97 (18.2 mm); ZFMK 67268 (17.0 mm); ZFMK 73192 (30.4 mm); line 4: ZMB 19924 (57.2 mm); ZMB 19971 (35.5 mm); ZMB 19972 (34.9 mm); ZMB 19973 (30.7 mm); line 5: ZMB 74319 (19.3 mm); ZMB 74522 (38.3 mm); A. channingi sp. nov. (c) line 6: MHNG 2520.25 (36.3 mm); ZFMK 34376; ZFMK 63895 (27.0 mm); ZFMK 63896 (21.3 mm); line 7: IRSNB-KBIN 1985, IRSNB-KBIN 11364 (2 juveniles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276866/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
b), a pattern also reported by Andersson (1905). Boulenger (1887) describes a “very fine lighter vertebral line” in some juveniles. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD4F2FE3CFB336BBE" author="Amiet" box="[1017,1272,473,497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. &amp; Perret, J. - L. (1969) Contributions a la faune de la region de Yaounde (Cameroun) II. - Amphibiens anoures. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 3, 117 - 137." type="journal article" year="1969">Amiet &amp; Perret (1969)</bibRefCitation>
juveniles possess a brown-black gular colouration and breast, while adults show an overall pale belly. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD38DFE1BFA57685A" author="Perret" box="[1158,1436,509,533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Perret, J. - L. &amp; Mertens, R. (1957) Etude d'une collection herpetologique faite au Cameroun de 1952 a 1955. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire. Serie A, 19, 548 - 601." type="journal article" year="1957">Perret &amp; Mertens (1957)</bibRefCitation>
comment on the absence of the pair of dark spots on the posterior part of the back in two specimens. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD3F2FDC7FA576876" author="Werner" box="[1273,1436,545,569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="31" refString="Werner, F. (1898) Ueber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Tunis aus dem kgl. Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin (Teil II.). Verhandlungen der kaiserlich - koniglichen zoologisch - botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 48, 191 - 230." type="journal article" year="1898">Werner (1898)</bibRefCitation>
mentions a female from 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD6A2FDA1FDD56813" box="[425,542,580,604]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(referred to as 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAFBC0CD5C2FDA0FC4D6812" box="[713,902,581,605]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD5C2FDA0FC4D6812" box="[713,902,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bufo laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) with pale red-brown upper surface and chocolate brown flanks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAFBC0CD7CEFD69FECB6918" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD7CEFD69FDD768EA" bold="true" box="[197,540,652,677]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Colouration in preservation.</emphasis>
Preserved specimens may loose their reddish colouration, which turns brownish. The typical reddish colouration was only observable where it remained covered between skin folds; in other specimens it completely disappeared. Nonetheless, in many specimens a clear differentiation between the lateral and dorsal colouration is recognizable. Very old specimens may be bleached out completely, lacking any colour pattern; e.g. even the pair of abdominal spots then may only be recognizable by a closer examination of the skin structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAFBC0CD7CEFC86FB016D54" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD7CEFC86FE4D6934" bold="true" box="[197,390,866,891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAFBC0CD69BFC86FD266934" box="[400,749,867,891]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD69BFC86FD266934" box="[400,749,867,891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Amietophrynus s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the forest floor in primary forest vegetation along small rivers (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD622FC63FDD269D1" author="Fretey" box="[297,537,902,926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Fretey, T. &amp; Blanc, C. P. (2001) Inventaire systematique des amphibiens anoures du centre du Gabon. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 126, 375 - 390." type="journal article" year="2001">Frétey &amp; Blanc 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD52EFC62FD2C69D1" author="Lasso" box="[549,743,902,926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Lasso, C. A., Rial, A. I., Castroviejo, J. &amp; de la Riva, I. (2002) Herpetofauna del Parque Nacionale de Monte Alen (Rio Muni, Guinea Equatorial). Graellsia, 58, 21 - 34." type="journal article" year="2002">
Lasso 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD566FC62FD5569D1" box="[621,670,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAFBC0CD5F8FC63FCF469D1" box="[755,831,902,926]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1768,1791]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1396,193,1747]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitat of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri at Monts Nimba, Guinea (a); Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (b); Déré Forest Reserve, Guinea (c); Mont Béro, Guinea (d); habitat of A. s superciliaris at Cross River National Park, Nigeria (e); Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon (f, g: photos: V. Gvoždík)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276868/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
e–g). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD474FC63FB9F69D1" box="[895,1108,902,926]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Akani, G. C., Politano, E. &amp; Luiselli, L. (2004) Amphibians recorded in forest swamp areas of the river Niger delta (southeastern Nigeria), and the effects of habitat alteration from oil industry development on species richness and diversity. Applied Herpetology, 2, 1 - 22." type="journal article">
Akani 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD4C1FC62FC3069D1" box="[970,1019,902,926]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. (2004)
</bibRefCitation>
report the finding of the species in the rainy season in a pristine swamp site. But the species also inhabits secondary growth with dense vegetation or even plantations (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD6A0FC2BFD8A69A9" author="Amiet" box="[427,577,974,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1976 a) Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais V. Bufonidae; genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 21 - 22, 139 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Amiet 1976a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD547FC2BFD4C69A9" author="Amiet" box="[588,647,974,998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1986) La batrachofaune sylvicole d'un secteur forestier du Cameroun: la region de Yaounde. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 132, 29 - 42." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
; Rödel 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD5D7FC2AFCDF69A9" box="[732,788,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2004). Occasionally the species can be seen in more open places searching for food (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD6CFFC14FD406E46" author="Sanderson" box="[452,651,1009,1033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Sanderson, I. T. (1936 a) The giant frog problem. The Nigerian Field, 5, 161 - 170." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="a">Sanderson 1936a</bibRefCitation>
). Similarly, local farmers in western 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD325FC14FB686E46" box="[1070,1187,1009,1033]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
reported to the senior author on occasional findings of the species in plantations. During the late rainy season (
<date id="FF80E5CDFFAFBC0CD3A0FBF0FAA16E62" box="[1195,1386,1045,1069]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2010-09">September 2010</date>
) M. Hirschfeld and M.- 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD67BFBDCFE4C6E1E" box="[368,391,1081,1105]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. Rödel (
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD6ECFBDFFD9F6E1E" box="[487,596,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pers. obs.</emphasis>
) observed an adult male (SUL 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFAFBC0CD4B0FBDCFBD06E1E" box="[955,1051,1081,1105]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="124.0">124 mm</quantity>
) in a near pristine part of the Ebo forest, 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD7EDFBB9FE956E3B" box="[230,350,1116,1140]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, over a period of four days. During this time the toad only moved about 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFAFBC0CD396FBB9FB116E3B" box="[1181,1242,1116,1140]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
, the largest daily distance being about 
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<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFAFBC0CD689FB65FE766ED7" box="[386,445,1152,1176]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
During two consecutive nights the male climbed onto the top of two different bare rocks of 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFAFBC0CD7BEFB41FEEF6EF3" box="[181,292,1188,1212]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 cm</quantity>
height, respectively and seemed to stay there motionless for the night. The other days it was observed sitting under a smaller tree, turning its body only once into another direction. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD39BFB2DFAF86EAF" author="Amiet" box="[1168,1331,1224,1248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1976 a) Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais V. Bufonidae; genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 21 - 22, 139 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Amiet (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
breeding males possess slightly hypertrophied anterior extremities and black callosities on fingers I and II. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAFBC0CD3D3FB09FA576F4B" box="[1240,1436,1260,1284]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD3D3FB09FA576F4B" box="[1240,1436,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males lack a vocal sac (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD6AFFAEAFD5D6F68" author="Perret" box="[420,662,1295,1319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Perret, J. - L. &amp; Amiet, J. - L. (1971) Remarques sur les Bufo (Amphibiens Anoures) du Cameroun. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 5, 47 - 55." type="journal article" year="1971">Perret &amp; Amiet 1971</bibRefCitation>
) and the species is assumed to utter no advertisement call (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD232FAEAFEFE6F04" author="Perret" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Perret, J. - L. &amp; Mertens, R. (1957) Etude d'une collection herpetologique faite au Cameroun de 1952 a 1955. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire. Serie A, 19, 548 - 601." type="journal article" year="1957">Perret &amp; Mertens 1957</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD64AFAD6FDE66F04" author="Tandy" box="[321,557,1331,1355]" pageId="7" pageNumber="31" refString="Tandy, M. &amp; Keith, R. (1972) Evidence from osteology. In: Blair, W. F. (Ed.) Evolution in the genus Bufo. University of Texas Press, Dallas, 119 - 170." type="book chapter" year="1972">Tandy &amp; Keith 1972</bibRefCitation>
). A published sonogram of a 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAFBC0CD471FAD6FBF46F04" box="[890,1087,1331,1355]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD471FAD6FBF46F04" box="[890,1087,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vocalization is not regarded to show an advertisement call (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD6DDFAB2FDA56F20" author="Amiet" box="[470,622,1367,1391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1976 a) Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais V. Bufonidae; genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 21 - 22, 139 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Amiet 1976a</bibRefCitation>
). This vocalization, a dull buzzing noise, lasted for almost 1– 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0AA5CAFFAFBC0CD216FAB2FA8A6F20" box="[1309,1345,1367,1391]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="5555" value="-1.5">1.5</geoCoordinate>
s, comprising a long series of pulses (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD6FAFA9FFD4C6FDD" author="Amiet" box="[497,647,1402,1426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1976 a) Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais V. Bufonidae; genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 21 - 22, 139 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Amiet 1976a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD599FA9FFD686FDD" author="Amiet" box="[658,675,1402,1426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1976 b) Observations anatomique et biologique sur le genre Werneria Poche, 1903. Revue Zoologique Africaine, 90, 33 - 45." type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
). Amiet only observed movements of the flanks during sound emission, but no movements of the gular region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD5AEFA7BFC8A6FF9" author="Amiet" box="[677,833,1438,1462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1976 a) Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais V. Bufonidae; genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 21 - 22, 139 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Amiet 1976a</bibRefCitation>
). Hence, Amiet doubts that this noise represents an advertisement call, as it can be heard on short distances only. However, it may function in short distance recognition (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD7DFFA03FEA56FB1" author="Amiet" box="[212,366,1510,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1976 a) Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais V. Bufonidae; genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 21 - 22, 139 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Amiet 1976a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD677FA03FE736FB1" author="Amiet" box="[380,440,1510,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1989) Quelques aspects de la biologie des Amphibiens Anoures du Cameroun. L'annee biologique, 28, 73 - 136." type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
). Clutches are deposited and tadpoles may develop in slowly running streams (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD25FFA03FF156C6E" author="Amiet" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1976 a) Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais V. Bufonidae; genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 21 - 22, 139 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Amiet 1976a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD7E1F9ECFEEE6C6E" author="Amiet" box="[234,293,1545,1569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1986) La batrachofaune sylvicole d'un secteur forestier du Cameroun: la region de Yaounde. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 132, 29 - 42." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD63BF9ECFEA06C6E" author="Amiet" box="[304,363,1545,1569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1989) Quelques aspects de la biologie des Amphibiens Anoures du Cameroun. L'annee biologique, 28, 73 - 136." type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD67CF9ECFDBB6C6E" author="Gossmann" box="[375,624,1545,1569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Gossmann, V., Lotters, S., Obame, F. &amp; Bohme, W. (2002) Zur Herpetofauna Gabuns - Teil II: Kommentierte Artenliste der gefundenen Reptilien, Bemerkungen zur Artenvielfalt. herpetofauna, 24 (136), 19 - 33." type="journal article" year="2002">
Gossmann 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD6FFF9EFFDE66C6E" box="[500,557,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAFBC0CD570F9ECFD036C6E" box="[635,712,1545,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1768,1791]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,193,1747]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[191,1396,193,1747]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitat of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri at Monts Nimba, Guinea (a); Taï National Park, Ivory Coast (b); Déré Forest Reserve, Guinea (c); Mont Béro, Guinea (d); habitat of A. s superciliaris at Cross River National Park, Nigeria (e); Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon (f, g: photos: V. Gvoždík)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276868/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
e–f). Egg size ranges from 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFAFBC0CD4F2F9ECFB576C6E" box="[1017,1180,1545,1569]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6749999999999998" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.6749999999999998" valueMax="1.95" valueMin="1.4">1.40–1.95 mm</quantity>
(N= 102, mean= 1.67, SD= 0.09). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD612F9C8FE776C0A" author="Amiet" box="[281,444,1581,1605]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. (1976 a) Voix d'Amphibiens camerounais V. Bufonidae; genres Bufo, Werneria et Nectophryne. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 21 - 22, 139 - 157." type="book chapter" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Amiet (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
assumes that reproduction takes place in the dry season (January – March) as most specimens have been found during that time and only at that time males show their nuptial dress. Juveniles have been found in January in 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD67DF991FE016CC3" box="[374,458,1652,1676]" name="Nigeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
(M.- 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD50FF991FDD06CC3" box="[516,539,1652,1676]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O</collectingCountry>
. Rödel &amp; A.B. Onadeko, pers. obs; 
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAFBC0CD4A7F991FC336CC3" box="[940,1016,1652,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1784,1807]" captionTargetBox="[190,1396,193,1762]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[190,1396,193,1763]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Colour pattern in Amietophrynus s. superciliaris; juvenile from Cross River National Park, Nigeria (a); adult from Mezam, Cameroon (b); adult from Dikume Balue, Cameroon (c, d); adults from Bamenda, Cameroon (e, f: photos: V. Gvoždík); g) adult from Gabon (photo: Overmas)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276865/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
a; 6e) and 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD366F991FB296CC3" box="[1133,1250,1652,1676]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD3FBF991FA5B6CC3" author="Schmitz" box="[1264,1424,1652,1676]" pageId="7" pageNumber="31" refString="Schmitz, A. (1998) Systematik und Zoogeographie der Herpetofauna einer montanen Regenwaldregion in Kamerun. unpublished diploma thesis, University of Bonn, 276 pp." type="book" year="1998">Schmitz 1998</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD79CF97DFE5D6CFF" author="Amiet" box="[151,406,1688,1712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Amiet, J. - L. &amp; Perret, J. - L. (1969) Contributions a la faune de la region de Yaounde (Cameroun) II. - Amphibiens anoures. Annales de la Faculte des Sciences du Cameroun, 3, 117 - 137." type="journal article" year="1969">Amiet &amp; Perret (1969)</bibRefCitation>
report on juveniles (&lt;
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) collected in February, May, June and July–October. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD7D5F959FEB86C9B" author="Angel" box="[222,371,1724,1748]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Angel, F. (1931) Note sur des exemplaires vivants de Bufo superciliaris Boulenger, de l'Afrique Equatoriale. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 e Serie, 3, 606 - 607." type="journal article" year="1931">Angel (1931)</bibRefCitation>
specimens in captivity feed on insects, snails, but also on frogs and tadpoles. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD3D1F958FF2A6CB7" author="Perret" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Perret, J. - L. &amp; Mertens, R. (1957) Etude d'une collection herpetologique faite au Cameroun de 1952 a 1955. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire. Serie A, 19, 548 - 601." type="journal article" year="1957">Perret &amp; Mertens (1957)</bibRefCitation>
mention beef meat as food in captivity. Affa’a &amp; Amiet (1990) report on nyctotheres (Protozoa, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAFBC0CD224F905FF2D6D54" class="Spirotrichea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protista" order="Clevelandellida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="order">Clevelandellida</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAFBC0CD7FAF8E1FE346D53" box="[241,511,1796,1820]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Sicuophoridae" genus="Prosicuophora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="basoglui">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD7FAF8E1FE346D53" box="[241,511,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Prosicuophora basoglui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAFBC0CD506F8E1FC816D53" box="[525,842,1796,1820]" class="Heterotrichea" family="Nyctotheridae" genus="Nyctotheroides" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Heterotrichida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="ptychadenae">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD506F8E1FC816D53" box="[525,842,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nyctotheroides ptychadenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) found in adult 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAFBC0CD4F4F8E1FB086D53" box="[1023,1219,1796,1820]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD4F4F8E1FB086D53" box="[1023,1219,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3249086FFAFBC03D7CEF8C2FBFA6D6A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFAFBC03D7CEF8C2FAD7685A" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2034]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1829]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD7CEF8C2FE956D0F" bold="true" box="[197,350,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFAFBC0CD66EF8C2FD766D70" box="[357,701,1831,1856]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD66EF8C2FD766D70" box="[357,701,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Amietophrynus s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabits the western Lower Guinean rain forest (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFAFBC0CD3EDF8C2FAE36D70" box="[1254,1320,1831,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a “ H ”, vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark “? ” refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H = Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H 1 = Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H 2 = South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H = Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276863/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). At present the taxon is known from localities in 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD56EF8AEFD726D2C" box="[613,697,1867,1891]" name="Nigeria" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
(Boulenger in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD468F8A9FBA26D2C" author="Perret" box="[867,1129,1867,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Perret, J. - L. &amp; Mertens, R. (1957) Etude d'une collection herpetologique faite au Cameroun de 1952 a 1955. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire. Serie A, 19, 548 - 601." type="journal article" year="1957">Perret &amp; Mertens 1957</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD37EF8AEFAC06D2C" author="Schiotz" box="[1141,1291,1867,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="31" refString="Schiotz, A. (1963) The amphibians of Nigeria. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening I Kobenhavn, 125, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1963">Schiøtz 1963</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD213F8AEFF186DC8" author="Akani" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Akani, G. C., Politano, E. &amp; Luiselli, L. (2004) Amphibians recorded in forest swamp areas of the river Niger delta (southeastern Nigeria), and the effects of habitat alteration from oil industry development on species richness and diversity. Applied Herpetology, 2, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2004">
Akani 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD26FF8A9FA5E6D2C" box="[1380,1429,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
; this paper), 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD668F88AFE136DC8" box="[355,472,1903,1927]" name="Cameroon" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD513F88AFD6D6DC8" author="Muller" box="[536,678,1903,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Muller, L. (1910) Beitrage zur Herpetologie Kameruns. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Klasse der koniglich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 24, 544 - 627." type="journal article" year="1910">Müller 1910</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD5B9F88AFC846DC8" author="Barbour" box="[690,847,1903,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Barbour, T. (1911) Some West African amphibians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 54, 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="1911">Barbour 1911</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD450F88AFC2C6DC8" author="Parker" box="[859,999,1903,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Parker, H. W. (1936) The amphibians of the Mamfe Division, Cameroons. - I. Zoogeography and systematics. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 44, 135 - 163." type="journal article" year="1936">Parker 1936</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD4F8F88AFB736DC8" author="Sanderson" box="[1011,1208,1903,1927]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Sanderson, I. T. (1936 b) The amphibians of the Mamfe Division, Cameroon. - II. Ecology of the frogs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 44, 165 - 208." type="journal article" year="1936" yearSuffix="b">Sanderson 1936b</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD3CFF895FAA96DC8" author="Mertens" box="[1220,1378,1903,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Mertens, R. (1940) Amphibien aus Kamerun, gesammelt von M. Kohler und Dr. H. Graf. Senckenbergiana, 22, 103 - 135." type="journal article" year="1940">Mertens 1940</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD265F895FF336DE5" author="Perret" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Perret, J. - L. (1966) Les amphibiens du Cameroun. Zoologische Jahrbucher (Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere), 8, 289 - 464." type="journal article" year="1966">Perret 1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD608F876FE336DE5" author="Herrmann" box="[259,504,1938,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Herrmann, H. - W., Bohme, W., Herrmann, P. A., Plath, M., Schmitz, A. &amp; Solbach, M. (2005) African biodiversity hotspots: The amphibians of Mt. Nlonako, Cameroon. Salamandra, 41, 61 - 81." type="journal article" year="2005">
Herrmann 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD677F871FE656DE4" box="[380,430,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
, this paper), 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD581F877FD1E6DE5" box="[650,725,1938,1962]" name="Gabon" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gabon</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD5E8F877FBC86DE5" author="Fretey" box="[739,1027,1938,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Fretey, T. &amp; Dewynter, M. (1998) Amphibiens anoures de la Foret des Abeilles (Gabon). Journal of African Zoology, 112, 171 - 184." type="journal article" year="1998">Frétey &amp; Dewynter 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD31BF877FACB6DE5" author="Fretey" box="[1040,1280,1938,1962]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Fretey, T. &amp; Blanc, C. P. (2001) Inventaire systematique des amphibiens anoures du centre du Gabon. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 126, 375 - 390." type="journal article" year="2001">Frétey &amp; Blanc 2001</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD207F876FF196D81" author="Lotters" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Lotters, S., Gossmann, V., Obame, F. &amp; Bohme, W. (2001) Zur Herpetofauna Gabuns Teil I: Einleitung, Untersuchungsgebiet und Methodik, kommentierte Artenliste der gefundenen Froschlurche. herpetofauna, 23 (133), 19 - 34." type="journal article" year="2001">
Lötters 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD268F871FA5E6DE4" box="[1379,1429,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD7EBF853FE136D81" author="Blanc" box="[224,472,1974,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Blanc, C. P. &amp; Fretey, T. (2004) Repartition ecologique des amphibiens dans la Reserve de Faune de la Lope et la station biologique de la Makande (Gabon). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 129, 297 - 315." type="journal article" year="2004">Blanc &amp; Frétey 2004</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD6EDF853FD3E6D81" author="Pauwels" box="[486,757,1974,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Pauwels, O. S. G. &amp; Rodel, M. - O. (2007) Amphibians and National Parks in Gabon, western Central Africa. Herpetozoa, 19, 135 - 148." type="journal article" year="2007">Pauwels &amp; Rödel 2007</bibRefCitation>
), and 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD436F853FBC66D81" box="[829,1037,1974,1998]" name="Equatorial Guinea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD315F853FB7E6D81" author="Nieden" box="[1054,1205,1974,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" refString="Nieden, F. (1910) Die Fauna der deutschen Kolonien, Reihe I Kamerun, Heft 2 Die Reptilien (außer den Schlangen) und Amphibien. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, 74 pp." type="book" year="1910">Nieden 1910</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD3CFF852FA5A6D81" author="Lasso" box="[1220,1425,1974,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" refString="Lasso, C. A., Rial, A. I., Castroviejo, J. &amp; de la Riva, I. (2002) Herpetofauna del Parque Nacionale de Monte Alen (Rio Muni, Guinea Equatorial). Graellsia, 58, 21 - 34." type="journal article" year="2002">
Lasso 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFAFBC0CD204F85DFA886D80" box="[1295,1347,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFAFBC0CD63BF83FFDE56DBD" author="Fretey" box="[304,558,2010,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" refString="Fretey, T. &amp; Blanc, C. P. (2000) Liste des Amphibiens d'Afrique Centrale. Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, Guinee-Equatoriale, Republique Centrafricaine, Republique Democratique du Congo, Sao Tome et Principe. Les dossiers de l'ADIE, Serie Biodiversite, N ° 2, 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="2000">Frétey &amp; Blanc (2000)</bibRefCitation>
the species is also known from the 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC0CD4B1F83FFB446DBD" box="[954,1167,2010,2034]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
and the 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFAFBC03D3E5F83FFF346AE0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" name="Central African Republic" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, but the authors do not provide localities. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D5D0FF7DFCA16AE0" author="Joger" box="[731,874,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Joger, U. (1990) The herpetofauna of the Central African Republic, with description of a new species of Rhinotyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). In: Peters, G. &amp; Hutterer, R. (Eds.) Vertebrates in the Tropics. Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute and Zoological Research Museum, Bonn: 85 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1990">Joger (1990)</bibRefCitation>
lists 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D4ACFF7DFBA66AFF" box="[935,1133,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D4ACFF7DFBA66AFF" box="[935,1133,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MHNP 1968.331) for the 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D79CFF5EFE786A9C" box="[151,435,187,211]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
(Oubangi-Chari = without specification), but the respective collection number is associated with a 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D610FF3AFE356AB8" box="[283,510,223,247]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinodis">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D610FF3AFE356AB8" box="[283,510,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ptychadena trinodis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(mentioned with this number in the very publication). The only specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D261FF3AFEE86B54" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D261FF3AFEE86B54" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a similar collection number (MHNP 1968.359) refers to a specimen from “Afrique”. However, a specimen in very bad condition from the 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D567FEC2FC426B70" box="[620,905,295,319]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
is deposited in the MNHN collection (MNHN 2002.0655; see remark above). The placement of MNHN 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA0BC03D435FEAFFC1D6B2D" box="[830,982,330,354]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08524637" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="2002.0655">2002.0655 in</quantity>
the distribution map (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA0BC03D3D7FEAFFAEA6B2D" box="[1244,1313,330,354]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a “ H ”, vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark “? ” refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H = Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H 1 = Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H 2 = South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H = Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276863/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) has been matched according to publications referring to the same locality (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D476FE8BFC356BC9" author="Joger" box="[893,1022,366,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Joger, U. (1990) The herpetofauna of the Central African Republic, with description of a new species of Rhinotyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). In: Peters, G. &amp; Hutterer, R. (Eds.) Vertebrates in the Tropics. Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute and Zoological Research Museum, Bonn: 85 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1990">Joger 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D307FE8AFADA6BC9" author="Rasmussen" box="[1036,1297,366,390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" refString="Rasmussen, J. B., Chirio, L. &amp; Ineich, I. (2000) The herald snakes (Crotaphopeltis) of the Central African Republic, including a systematic review of C. hippocrepis. Zoosystema, 22, 585 - 600." type="journal article" year="2000">
Rasmussen 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D399FE8AFB0F6BC9" box="[1170,1220,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
). Hence, we tentatively assign 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D66EFE77FDE66BE5" box="[357,557,402,426]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D66EFE77FDE66BE5" box="[357,557,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the herpetofauna of the western part of the 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D342FE77FAA06BE5" box="[1097,1387,402,426]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
, but suggest verifying the taxonomic status of this population as soon as new material becomes available. The wide distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D617FE3CFE156BBE" box="[284,478,473,497]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D617FE3CFE156BBE" box="[284,478,473,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in western lowland rain forests of Central Africa (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA0BC03D31BFE3CFB9B6BBE" box="[1040,1104,473,497]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,195,1080]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. (red), A. superciliaris chevalieri (green) and A. s. superciliaris (blue, the purple spot refers to a specimen which was dried up, see text). Type localities are marked with a “ H ”, vouchers from localities marked with an asterisk (*) were not available and are added from literature. Locality symbols with an embedded question mark “? ” refer to imprecise recordings. I. West Africa: H = Ivory Coast (A. superciliaris chevalieri); II. western Central Africa: H 1 = Rio del Rey, Cameroons (A. s. superciliaris), H 2 = South Cameroon (A. laevissimus, synonym of A. s. superciliaris); III. eastern Central Africa: H = Democratic Republic of Congo, West Mwana (A. channingi sp. nov.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276863/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) makes it likely that this toad is indeed living in the south-western 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D53EFE18FC9B685A" box="[565,848,509,533]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
and possibly likewise in western 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D3C2FE18FAD3685A" box="[1225,1304,509,533]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Congo</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA0BC03D7CEFDC4FBC26E1A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D7CEFDC4FE836876" bold="true" box="[197,328,545,569]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D644FDC4FD466876" box="[335,653,545,569]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D644FDC4FD466876" box="[335,653,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amietophrynus superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described based on a series of juvenile specimens from “Rio del Rey 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D7C6FDA0FE846812" box="[205,335,581,605]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameroons</collectingCountry>
” (Boulenger 1887; 
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA0BC03D539FDA0FDBC6812" box="[562,631,581,605]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1279,1302]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1257]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,1258]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal view of syntypes of Amietophrynus s. superciliaris (in order left to right, top: BMNH 1947.2.21.41 - 45; bottom: BMNH 1947.2.21.46 - 49; scale bar: 10 mm; photo: C. McCarthy)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276867/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D462FDA0FBE36812" box="[873,1064,581,605]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D462FDA0FBE36812" box="[873,1064,581,605]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bufo laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based on juveniles and one adult specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D683FD8CFE3768CE" box="[392,508,617,641]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D507FD8CFD6868CE" author="Werner" box="[524,675,617,641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" refString="Werner, F. (1897) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frosche der zoologischen Sammlung des Staates Munchen. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der koniglich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 27, 203 - 220." type="journal article" year="1897">Werner 1897</bibRefCitation>
), and in a later publication 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D4D7FD8FFB4B68CE" author="Werner" box="[988,1152,617,641]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" refString="Werner, F. (1898) Ueber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Tunis aus dem kgl. Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin (Teil II.). Verhandlungen der kaiserlich - koniglichen zoologisch - botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 48, 191 - 230." type="journal article" year="1898">Werner (1898)</bibRefCitation>
describes a second adult toad. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D7DCFD6BFEB768EA" author="Werner" box="[215,380,653,677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" refString="Werner, F. (1897) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frosche der zoologischen Sammlung des Staates Munchen. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der koniglich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 27, 203 - 220." type="journal article" year="1897">Werner (1897)</bibRefCitation>
distinguishes the two species on the size of the parotid glands and the lack of a dorsolateral fold in 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D7ECFD57FE4C6886" box="[231,391,689,713]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D7ECFD57FE4C6886" box="[231,391,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D524FD57FD716886" author="Frost" box="[559,698,689,713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Frost, D. (2010) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.4 (8 April, 2010). Electronic Database accessible at http: // research. amnh. org / vz / herpetology / amphibia / American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA." type="journal article" year="2010">Frost (2010)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D5CBFD57FCAB6886" box="[704,864,689,713]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D5CBFD57FCAB6886" box="[704,864,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was synonymised with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D367FD57FADC6886" box="[1132,1303,689,713]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D367FD57FADC6886" box="[1132,1303,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Andersson (1905). Indeed, Andersson (1905) discusses the consistency in morphometrics between juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D22BFD33FF0F695E" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D22BFD33FF0F695E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D657FD1FFDC3695E" box="[348,520,761,785]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D657FD1FFDC3695E" box="[348,520,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and remarks that distinguishing characters presented by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D38CFD1FFAE0695E" author="Werner" box="[1159,1323,761,785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" refString="Werner, F. (1897) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frosche der zoologischen Sammlung des Staates Munchen. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der koniglich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 27, 203 - 220." type="journal article" year="1897">Werner (1897)</bibRefCitation>
are based on the presence of an adult specimen in his material only. He concluded that the differences in the descriptions may have been the result of allometric growth (Andersson 1905). Earlier, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D4A3FCA4FBA46916" author="Boulenger" box="[936,1135,833,857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) A list of the batrachians and reptiles of the Gaboon (French Congo), with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900, 433 - 456." type="proceedings paper" year="1900">Boulenger (1900)</bibRefCitation>
remarks that “adult specimens [of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D60BFC80FE086932" box="[256,451,869,893]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D60BFC80FE086932" box="[256,451,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] have been redescribed by Werner under the name of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D315FC83FB756932" box="[1054,1214,869,893]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D315FC83FB756932" box="[1054,1214,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D202FC80FA456932" box="[1289,1422,869,893]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameroons</collectingCountry>
”. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D79CFC6CFE9669EE" author="Boulenger" box="[151,349,905,929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) A list of the batrachians and reptiles of the Gaboon (French Congo), with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900, 433 - 456." type="proceedings paper" year="1900">Boulenger (1900)</bibRefCitation>
reports on a toad of about 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA0BC03D580FC6CFD2369EE" box="[651,744,905,929]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
and already lists 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D4A7FC6FFB8669EE" box="[940,1101,905,929]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D4A7FC6FFB8669EE" box="[940,1101,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. laevissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D219FC6FFF08698A" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D219FC6FFF08698A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Andersson (1905) later provides a more detailed comparison and confirmed the conspecificity of the two species. He states that “therefore it can be that both Boulenger’s and Werner’s descriptions correspond with the case in this same species, that of the former with the young, the latter with the older ones”. He also cites Boulenger’s (1900) publication. Consequently, the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D5D1FBFCFBF86E7E" authority="Werner, 1897" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1897" box="[730,1075,1049,1073]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D5D1FBFCFC5D6E7E" box="[730,918,1049,1073]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bufo laevissimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D496FBFFFBF86E7E" author="Werner" box="[925,1075,1049,1073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" refString="Werner, F. (1897) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frosche der zoologischen Sammlung des Staates Munchen. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der koniglich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 27, 203 - 220." type="journal article" year="1897">Werner, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D37AFBFCFE546E1A" authority="Boulenger, 1887" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D37AFBFCFF006E1A" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amietophrynus s. superciliaris</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
, as defined in this work, is based on 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D430FBD8FBCE6E1A" author="Boulenger" box="[827,1029,1085,1109]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) A list of the batrachians and reptiles of the Gaboon (French Congo), with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1900, 433 - 456." type="proceedings paper" year="1900">Boulenger (1900)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA0BC03D7CEFB84FBA16F3A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The 
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFA0BC03D7F1FB87FE976E35" box="[250,348,1122,1146]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D68EFB84FD2C6E36" authority="Werner, 1897" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1897" box="[389,743,1121,1145]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevissimus">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D68EFB84FD8E6E36" box="[389,581,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bufo laevissimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D545FB87FD2C6E36" author="Werner" box="[590,743,1121,1145]" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" refString="Werner, F. (1897) Ueber einige neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frosche der zoologischen Sammlung des Staates Munchen. Sitzungsberichte der mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der koniglich bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen, 27, 203 - 220." type="journal article" year="1897">Werner, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
are deposited in the ZSM collection. Two juvenile 
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFA0BC03D231FB87FA576E35" box="[1338,1436,1122,1146]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
(ZSM 148/1989/1-2) are still present in the ZSM collection (and have been examined herein), while the only adult female 
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFA0BC03D7E0FB4FFE896E8D" box="[235,322,1194,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
(ZSM 1113/0) is lost (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D54EFB4CFC8D6E8E" author="Glaw" box="[581,838,1193,1217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Glaw, F. &amp; Franzen, M. (2006) Type catalogue of amphibians in the Zoologische Staatssammlung Munchen. Spixiana, 29, 153 - 192." type="journal article" year="2006">Glaw &amp; Franzen 2006</bibRefCitation>
; M. Franzen 
<date id="FF80E5CDFFA0BC03D4D6FB4CFB906E8E" box="[989,1115,1193,1217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2010-01-18">
18.01. 
<quantity id="4CC66EE8FFA0BC03D314FB4CFB906E8E" box="[1055,1115,1193,1217]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1053999999999995" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="2010.0">2010</quantity>
</date>
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D368FB4FFB546E8E" box="[1123,1183,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">in litt</emphasis>
.). Our examination of the two available 
<typeStatus id="54857DAFFFA0BC03D66AFB2BFE086EA9" box="[353,451,1230,1254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
revealed no characters distinguishing them from other juvenile 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D391FB28FAAB6EAA" box="[1178,1376,1229,1253]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D391FB28FAAB6EAA" box="[1178,1376,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The available specimens also correspond in the shape of the eyelid (
<figureCitation id="1305DF88FFA0BC03D46AFB14FC7B6F46" box="[865,944,1265,1289]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,989,1012]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,968]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,968]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. Head in lateral view, showing shape of eyelid: a) holotype of Amietophrynus s. chevalieri (a: MNHN 1908.033); syntype of A. laevissimus (b: ZSM 148 - 1989.1); syntype of A. s. superciliaris (c: BM 1947.2.21.42; photo C. McCarthy)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276869/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
b, c) and we regard these specimens as conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D626FAF0FE3A6F62" box="[301,497,1301,1325]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D626FAF0FE3A6F62" box="[301,497,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D50BFAF0FC9D6F62" box="[512,854,1301,1325]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D50BFAF0FC9D6F62" box="[512,854,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amietophrynus s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D3EFFAF0FAB86F62" box="[1252,1395,1301,1325]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D3EFFAF0FAB86F62" box="[1252,1395,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. channingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D271FAF0FF036F1E" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFA0BC03D271FAF0FF036F1E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, the second taxon from Central Africa. 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D587FADCFC2E6F1E" box="[652,997,1337,1361]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D587FADCFC2E6F1E" box="[652,997,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Amietophrynus s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in colouration and morphology from 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D7DFFAB8FEB76F3A" box="[212,380,1373,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="chevalieri">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D7DFFAB8FEB76F3A" box="[212,380,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. s. chevalieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D6B8FAB8FD8A6F3A" box="[435,577,1373,1397]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="channingi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D6B8FAB8FD8A6F3A" box="[435,577,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. channingi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D542FAB8FD696F3A" bold="true" box="[585,674,1373,1397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A279A264FFA0BC03D542FAB8FD696F3A" box="[585,674,1373,1397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(see respective paragraphs and the key).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B81C30DFFA0BC03D7CEFA64FBFA6D6A" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D7CEFA64FEA56FD6" bold="true" box="[197,366,1409,1433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ethnozoology.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D673FA67FD5C6FD6" author="Perret" box="[376,663,1409,1433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" refString="Perret, J. - L. &amp; Mertens, R. (1957) Etude d'une collection herpetologique faite au Cameroun de 1952 a 1955. Bulletin de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire. Serie A, 19, 548 - 601." type="journal article" year="1957">Perret &amp; Mertens (1957)</bibRefCitation>
report that indigenous people fear the toad because of its venom. According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D63BFA43FDFA6FF2" box="[304,561,1445,1469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Herrmann, H. - W., Bohme, W., Herrmann, P. A., Plath, M., Schmitz, A. &amp; Solbach, M. (2005) African biodiversity hotspots: The amphibians of Mt. Nlonako, Cameroon. Salamandra, 41, 61 - 81." type="journal article">
Herrmann 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D6A3FA43FE126FF2" box="[424,473,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C3EB88EFFA0BC03D53CFA40FD316FF2" box="[567,762,1445,1469]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amietophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="superciliaris" subSpecies="superciliaris">
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D53CFA40FD316FF2" box="[567,762,1445,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. s. superciliaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plays an important role in traditional medicine for people in the Mt. Nlonako area, but they also report on the people’s fear that the toad transmits leprosy. This is similar to the belief in villages close to the Ebo forest, 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D579FA08FD216C4A" box="[626,746,1517,1541]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
, where people think that the saliva of the toad may damage human skin (M. Hirschfeld &amp; M.- 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D514F9F4FDFD6C66" box="[543,566,1553,1577]" name="Iceland" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">O</collectingCountry>
. Rödel, 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D59DF9F4FCEE6C66" box="[662,805,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">unpubl. data</emphasis>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D434F9F7FC276C66" author="Lawson" box="[831,1004,1553,1577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Lawson, D. P. (1993) The reptiles and amphibians of the Korup National Park Project, Cameroon. Herpetological Natural History, 1, 27 - 90." type="journal article" year="1993">Lawson (1993)</bibRefCitation>
describes a local belief from western 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D79CF9D0FEC76C02" box="[151,268,1589,1613]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
that toad bones are used to treat poisoning and mentally deranged people. Traditional healers of the Bakossi people dry toads and pound them for native medicine (A. Schmitz, 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D31AF9BFFBB26C3E" box="[1041,1145,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pers. obs</emphasis>
.). In southern 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D22CF9BCFA506C3E" box="[1319,1435,1625,1649]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
Bakola-pygmees use the parotid secretion to envenom their arrowheads for hunting (Medjo, WWF-guide at Campo Ma’an NP, 
<emphasis id="B94A1F1FFFA0BC03D61DF947FE536CF6" box="[278,408,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">pers. comm</emphasis>
.). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFAFBEFCFFA0BC03D6BCF947FDA96CF6" author="Lawson" box="[439,610,1697,1721]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Lawson, D. P. (1993) The reptiles and amphibians of the Korup National Park Project, Cameroon. Herpetological Natural History, 1, 27 - 90." type="journal article" year="1993">Lawson (1993)</bibRefCitation>
reports the local belief in south-western 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D324F944FB6F6CF6" box="[1071,1188,1697,1721]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
where people assume that these toads indicate the change of season by changing position into the opposite direction, while they otherwise rest for long times in the same place and position (see above). Local hunters in southern 
<collectingCountry id="F329839DFFA0BC03D3ACF90CFAD76D4E" box="[1191,1308,1769,1793]" name="Cameroon" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
reported to the senior author on large frogs sitting for months without movement in the forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>