880 lines
99 KiB
XML
880 lines
99 KiB
XML
<document id="1A48BE7BDBF78C2BEB43F9EB3DCDB73C" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas & Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFCA2F3FFF1AFC17FE51FDA0" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema orarium D. M. Masson, Magain & Serus., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="85" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1726075871790" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="19DFEEC0E353C67E91E0B09BFFD14853">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E10B5283A6164EE0B497ADA5D12280F6">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC4996D7F0BF7EE3DB2FCB46B7ED6F24">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2FEBE28AA5D436DF5A97DC1AAD486ACD" type="email">di.masson@wanadoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F70D4D97440FD2459FF2F1DED3DCAC43">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="783862B352143E567EB0BEFEE4DC93AD" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5409-9518</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A0D91B33CEC89D4249A92FF519B42AB1">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FC87520BB9E8FA8B4FF3983A6A1558F6" type="email">nicolas.magain@uliege.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="90B0AB0E9124C71DAEBD79E5AB0AFA7D">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="72ED0F8F665FA9962C5E1848E3F4CE49" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3340-5472</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FDF3B10D3A89A6BD1311BCD89BF0B940">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 & Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author & Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="11FF6942AA58F93F2303D113D8723D2B" type="email">di.masson@wanadoo.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="510A38DB0790CA6B03BC54F379F2101F">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E1E2DF3E45A0C966AEA0B6458CE38D1D">
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<mods:date id="96B403BE4198AA9802F8C4796957E022">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DDCBE17388CC7C156B76098A45CD0DF7">2024-06-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7AD17AC4473715598117A33E6F5F93A6">657</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="96B0B118C7C32AE24EF79E1F2BB40C22">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E5CDA9B28A58A0AB3CB1C0B5D32113C6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AB771A01BCC6AAC84CC29C81D3A975F1" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="41BF4DA3B991EC6F42EEAE8FD6067010" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5377A65060B01D0B05A0F682AAF9358B" type="Zenodo-Dep">13217474</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FA864EFFCA2F3FFF1AFC17FE51FDA0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFCA2F3FFF1AFC17FE51FDA0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA864EFFCA2F3FFF1AFC17FE51FDA0" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFCA2F38FF1AFC17FBC9FC49" box="[136,1110,914,941]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCA2F38FF1AFC17FBC9FC49" blockId="82.[136,1452,914,1192]" box="[136,1110,914,941]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<heading id="D0A48034FFCA2F38FF1AFC17FBC9FC49" box="[136,1110,914,941]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCA2F38FF1AFC17FD71FC48" authority="D.M. Masson, Magain & Serus." authorityName="D. M. Masson, Magain & Serus." box="[136,750,914,941]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FF1AFC17FEE0FC48" bold="true" box="[136,383,914,941]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Parmotrema orarium</emphasis>
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||
D.M. Masson, Magain & Sérus.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FD6BFC17FCD1FC48" box="[761,846,915,940]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFCA2F38FD6BFC17FCD1FC48" box="[761,846,915,940]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
MycoBank no. 853876
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFCA2F38FF1AFC3EFAA0FBFC" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCA2F38FF1AFC3EFAA0FBFC" blockId="82.[136,1452,914,1192]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FF1AFC3EFF6EFC34" bold="true" box="[136,241,954,976]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Characterized by a medium-sized, adnate thallus, the sublinear to subirregular narrow lobes (
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wide) with margins generally eciliate, the maculate upper surface with isidia and/or soredia, the medium-sized ascospores (16–24 × 7–10.5 µm), the short (4–5 µm) bacilliform conidia, and the presence of succinprotocetraric and fumarprotocetraric acids in the medulla.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFCA2F39FF1AFBA2FCD7F870" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCA2F38FF1AFBA2FADBFBBB" blockId="82.[136,1452,914,1192]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FF1AFBA2FF7AFBDF" bold="true" box="[136,229,1062,1083]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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||
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFCA2F38FF1AFBA2FF7AFBDF" box="[136,229,1062,1083]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:—
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||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCA2F38FE90FBA2FEF9FBDF" box="[258,358,1062,1083]" name="France" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFCA2F38FEE2FBA2FE5AFBD8" box="[368,453,1062,1084]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Réunion</collectingRegion>
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: Sainte-Rose, les Cascades, elev.
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<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FC9FFBA2FCDEFBDF" box="[781,833,1062,1083]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCA2F38FCDEFBA2FC20FBDF" box="[844,959,1062,1083]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-21.185276">21°11’07”S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCA2F38FC58FBA2FBDFFBD8" box="[970,1088,1062,1084]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="15" seconds="57" value="55.8325">55°49’57”E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, in coastal
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<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCA2F38FB3DFBA2FA90FBDF" box="[1199,1295,1062,1083]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FB3DFBA2FA90FBDF" box="[1199,1295,1062,1083]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pandanus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
thicket, on cliff top, on bark of branch of
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<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCA2F38FE20FBCEFDD7FBBB" box="[434,584,1098,1119]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FE20FBCEFDD7FBBB" box="[434,584,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<date id="FFED1198FFCA2F38FDC6FBCEFD71FBBB" box="[596,750,1098,1119]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="2013-08-13">13 August 2013</date>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FD6AFBCEFC5FFBBB" box="[760,960,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">D. Masson 974.4219</emphasis>
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(MNHN-PC-PC0088079;
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<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFCA2F38FB51FBCEFA93FB84" box="[1219,1292,1098,1120]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
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: LG).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCA2F38FF1AFBEAFC5CFB60" blockId="82.[136,1452,914,1192]" box="[136,963,1134,1156]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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||
GenBank accession numbers: ITS (
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<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCA2F38FE49FBEAFE67FB60" box="[475,504,1134,1156]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">PP</collectionCode>
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840561), mtSSU (
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<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCA2F38FD37FBEAFD5DFB60" box="[677,706,1134,1156]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">PP</collectionCode>
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842533), LSU (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCA2F38FCC5FBEAFCECFB60" box="[855,883,1134,1156]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">PP</collectionCode>
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836528)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCA2F38FF1AFB0AFF75FB4C" blockId="82.[136,1452,914,1192]" box="[136,234,1166,1192]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCA2F38FF02FB0AFF7DFB4C" box="[144,226,1166,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCA2F39FF1AFB52FBE3FF38" blockId="82.[136,1452,1238,2093]" lastBlockId="83.[136,1451,158,221]" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FF1AFB52FF43FB14" box="[136,220,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Thallus</emphasis>
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||
foliose, adnate to tightly adnate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCA2F38FDD8FB52FD2EFB14" box="[586,689,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 32D</figureCitation>
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||
), membranaceous, up to 6.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FC6DFB52FBD9FB15" box="[1023,1094,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FBDCFB52FB0EFB14" box="[1102,1169,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Lobes</emphasis>
|
||
sublinear to subirregular, contiguous to imbricate,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FE38FB7EFD94FAF1" box="[426,523,1274,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
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||
wide, plane to ± concave; margins crenate, isidiate-dentate to shortly laciniate, occasionally lobulate, sometimes with a narrow brown or black rim, eciliate to weakly ciliate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCA2F38FB3EFA9AFA8AFADC" box="[1196,1301,1310,1336]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 32D</figureCitation>
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).
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FABBFA9AFAFEFADC" box="[1321,1377,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Cilia</emphasis>
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||
black, generally absent, occasionally present at lobe margins, mostly in lobe axils, or on some isidia, very rarely laminal, simple, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FE95FAE2FE36FA65" box="[263,425,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="0.04" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.05 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at the base, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FD64FAE2FCD4FA65" box="[758,843,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FC02FAE3FBAEFA64" box="[912,1073,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Upper surface</emphasis>
|
||
pale greenish grey, shiny towards lobe apices, duller centrally, ± distinctly effigurate white-maculate, smooth to rugose, ± cracked, especially in old parts; isidiate, sorediate, pustulate, lacking schizidia, true dactyls.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FCE0FA2AFC2DFA2C" box="[882,946,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Isidia</emphasis>
|
||
present in all thalli examined but sometimes only in the early stages of development, at the margin of lobes and apices of laciniae, often also submarginal and ± laminal; granular or subcylindrical, sometimes ± tapering, very rarely dactyliform (one thallus), rarely ciliate, simple or ± branched; usually quickly sorediate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCA2F38FDF3F99EFD58F9D0" box="[609,711,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 32E</figureCitation>
|
||
), very rarely developing into
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FB8AF99EFBE3F9D0" box="[1048,1148,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">phyllidia</emphasis>
|
||
; up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FB5CF99EFA8FF9D1" box="[1230,1296,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
high.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FACBF99EFA34F9D0" box="[1369,1451,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Soralia</emphasis>
|
||
present in 34 of the 37 thalli examined, marginal, submarginal and ± laminal, often originating from rapid decay of young isidia, more rarely from pustules, occasionally orbicular or subcapitate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FB8BF9E6FBF0F998" box="[1049,1135,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Soredia</emphasis>
|
||
subgranulose to granulose, (35)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FF57F902FF69F944" box="[197,246,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">51.0</emphasis>
|
||
–(80) µm in diameter (n = 90, from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D55FCD1FFCA2F38FD12F902FC93F944" box="[640,780,1670,1696]" count="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, SD = 9.4 µm).
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FC29F902FB85F944" box="[955,1050,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pustules</emphasis>
|
||
submarginal, or subapical on lateral lobes, soon bursting into soredia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCA2F38FE6CF92EFDFEF920" box="[510,609,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 32F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FDE1F92FFD4AF920" box="[627,725,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Laciniae</emphasis>
|
||
occasional, marginal, short, unbranched or sparsely branched, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FF37F94AFF64F90D" box="[165,251,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FED0F94AFE56F90D" box="[322,457,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, apices often isidiate or sorediate.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FC1FF94AFC79F90C" box="[909,998,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Lobules</emphasis>
|
||
occasional, marginal, up to 2 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FADDF94AFA37F90D" box="[1359,1448,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FF1AF976FF7AF8E8" box="[136,229,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Medulla</emphasis>
|
||
white throughout.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FE2DF977FDFEF8E8" box="[447,609,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Lower surface</emphasis>
|
||
smooth to rugulose, shiny, black to the margin, or with a buff or chestnut brown, erhizinate marginal zone (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FDABF892FD31F8D5" box="[569,686,1814,1841]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide) at main lobe tips.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FC44F892FBAAF8D4" box="[982,1077,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Rhizines</emphasis>
|
||
numerous, ± evenly distributed, black, simple, rarely once branched, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FDF8F8BEFD5EF8B1" box="[618,705,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FC9BF8BEFCE4F8B0" box="[777,891,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Apothecia</emphasis>
|
||
rare (fertile thalli found in 2 localities out of 18), laminal and submarginal, cupuliform, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCA2F38FD16F8DAFD42F89D" box="[644,733,1886,1913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, sessile; disc imperforate, orange brown, concave, shiny, smooth; margin crenate-isidiate, amphithecium early isidiate; hymenium s. lat. (54)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FBE9F806FB33F878" box="[1147,1196,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">65.6</emphasis>
|
||
–(80) µm high, hyaline layer (6)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FF68F822FE82F824" box="[250,285,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">6.4</emphasis>
|
||
–(7) µm high, intermediate layer (7)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FD47F822FC99F824" box="[725,774,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">10.0</emphasis>
|
||
–(12) µm high, cortex-like basal layer (12)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FA9FF822FAA1F824" box="[1293,1342,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">15.4</emphasis>
|
||
–(18) µm high.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FF5BF84FFED7F801" box="[201,328,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Ascospores</emphasis>
|
||
8 per ascus, simple, colourless, ellipsoidal, sometimes slightly reniform, 16–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FB20F84EFB7CF800" box="[1202,1251,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">19.7</emphasis>
|
||
–24 × 7–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FADBF84EFAF3F800" box="[1353,1388,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">8.7</emphasis>
|
||
–10.5 µm, Q = (1.78)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FEDEF86AFEE2F7EC" box="[332,381,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">2.29</emphasis>
|
||
–(2.67), epispore (1)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FDEBF86AFD03F7EC" box="[633,668,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">1.4</emphasis>
|
||
–(2) µm thick, n = 30, from 1 thallus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FBF9F86AFB50F7EC" box="[1131,1231,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Pycnidia</emphasis>
|
||
fairly rare, mostly submarginal on lobes, but sometimes also on isidia, black.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCA2F38FCB9F796FC1AF7C8" box="[811,901,2066,2092]" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Conidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Arthoniales" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FCB9F796FC1AF7C8" box="[811,901,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Conidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bacilliform (3)4–5(6) × ca. 1 µm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCA2F38FA87F797FA34F7C8" box="[1301,1451,2067,2092]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Upper cortex</emphasis>
|
||
palisade plectenchymatous, (12)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FD97FF1AFDA9FF5C" box="[517,566,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">15.8</emphasis>
|
||
–(19) µm thick.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FD66FF1AFCEBFF5C" box="[756,884,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Algal layer</emphasis>
|
||
± continuous, (12)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FBCDFF1AFB0FFF5C" box="[1119,1168,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">15.9</emphasis>
|
||
–(20) µm thick.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FADCFF1AFA34FF5C" box="[1358,1451,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Medulla</emphasis>
|
||
(59)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FF57FF46FF69FF38" box="[197,246,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">69.4</emphasis>
|
||
–(78) µm thick.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FE3EFF47FDDEFF38" box="[428,577,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Lower cortex</emphasis>
|
||
prosoplectenchymatous, (10)–
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FC09FF46FC45FF38" box="[923,986,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">10.9–</emphasis>
|
||
(13) µm thick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFCB2F39FF1AF9BDFDD8F93B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" targetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" targetPageId="83" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCB2F39FF1AF9BDFDD8F93B" blockId="83.[136,1452,1593,1760]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FF1AF9BDFE95F9AB" bold="true" box="[136,266,1593,1615]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCB2F39FE82F9BEFE42F9AB" box="[272,477,1594,1615]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FE82F9BEFE42F9AB" box="[272,477,1594,1615]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Parmotrema orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FE7BF9BDFE65F9AA" bold="true" box="[489,506,1593,1614]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">A</emphasis>
|
||
: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FB82F9BEFBBFF9AB" bold="true" box="[1040,1056,1594,1615]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">B</emphasis>
|
||
: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCB2F39FC28F9DAFA9FF997" author="Rivas-Martinez, S. & Rivas-Saenz, S. & Penas, A." box="[954,1280,1630,1652]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 634" refId="ref129604" refString="Rivas-Martinez, S., Rivas-Saenz, S. & Penas, A. (2011) Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1 - 634 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
Rivas-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FBC6F9DAFBE2F997" box="[1108,1149,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011: 17–18
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FA82F9D9FABEF997" bold="true" box="[1296,1313,1629,1651]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">C</emphasis>
|
||
: Coastal stand of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCB2F39FF33F906FEA9F973" box="[161,310,1666,1687]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FF33F906FEA9F973" box="[161,310,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a typical habitat for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCB2F39FE6DF906FDFAF973" box="[511,613,1666,1687]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FE6DF906FDFAF973" box="[511,613,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13 August 2015);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FB51F906FB4BF973" bold="true" box="[1219,1236,1666,1687]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">D</emphasis>
|
||
: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FEACF922FED1F95F" bold="true" box="[318,334,1702,1723]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">E</emphasis>
|
||
: Sorediate isidia (
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FE6FF922FD37F95E" box="[509,680,1701,1723]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Masson 974.4646</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FD2EF922FD54F95F" bold="true" box="[700,715,1702,1723]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">F</emphasis>
|
||
: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FB17F922FAB0F95F" box="[1157,1327,1702,1723]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Masson 974.4221</emphasis>
|
||
). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCB2F39FF2FF88AFCD7F870" blockId="83.[136,1452,1806,2084]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FF2FF88AFEA4F8CC" bold="true" box="[189,315,1806,1832]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Chemistry</emphasis>
|
||
:—
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FECDF88AFD11F8CC" box="[351,654,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
|
||
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K+ slowly orange brown,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCB2F39FA10F88AFA38F8CC" box="[1410,1447,1806,1832]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">C−</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCB2F39FF1AF8B6FF5EF8A8" box="[136,193,1842,1868]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">KC−</collectionCode>
|
||
, P+ orange, UV−.
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FE07F8B6FD0BF8A8" box="[405,660,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCB2F39FD36F8B6FD40F8A8" box="[676,735,1842,1868]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">TLC</collectionCode>
|
||
): upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with succinprotocetraric acid (major), fumarprotocetraric acid (minor/trace), virensic acid (trace), unidentified substance (grey; Rf classes:A3, B5,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFCB2F39FE3FF8FEFE5DF871" box="[429,450,1914,1941]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
5; trace), ± gyrophoric acid (trace).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFCB2F39FF2FF81AFB81F7C0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCB2F39FF2FF81AFACEF85C" blockId="83.[136,1452,1806,2084]" box="[189,1361,1950,1976]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FF2FF81AFEA1F85C" bold="true" box="[189,318,1950,1976]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
: From the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FD83F81BFDFCF85C" box="[529,611,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">orarius</emphasis>
|
||
: of the coast; in reference to the coastal distribution of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCB2F39FF2FF846FB81F7C0" blockId="83.[136,1452,1806,2084]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCB2F39FF2FF846FE69F838" bold="true" box="[189,502,1986,2012]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:—Currently known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCB2F39FCCEF846FC21F838" box="[860,958,1986,2012]" name="Réunion" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where it was found at low elevations (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCB2F39FA12F846FF50F7E4" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="300.0" valueMax="590.0" valueMin="10.0">10– 590 m</quantity>
|
||
) at 18 localities, in 14 UTM 1×
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCB2F39FDBCF862FDFBF7E4" box="[558,612,2022,2048]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
|
||
grid cells (or 10 UTM 2×
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCB2F39FC13F862FC26F7E4" box="[897,953,2022,2048]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
grid cells,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCB2F39FBA0F862FB06F7E4" box="[1074,1177,2022,2048]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
|
||
). All known occurrences are coastal, or close to the coast, and located in the southeastern part of the island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFCC2F3FFF2FFF1AFE51FDA0" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCC2F3EFF2FFF1AFDA9FE74" blockId="84.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF2FFF1AFE83FF5C" bold="true" box="[189,284,158,184]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
:—This lichen typically grows on smooth bark, especially of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC4FFF1AFB11FF5C" box="[989,1166,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC4FFF1AFB11FF5C" box="[989,1166,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, more occasionally of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFA05FF1BFEB1FF39" authority="Bory" authorityName="Bory" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFA05FF1BFF6FFF38" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
Bory
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFEC2FF47FE2AFF39" box="[336,437,195,221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFEC2FF47FE11FF38" box="[336,398,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ficus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on trunks as well as branches. The main phorophyte (95% of the occurrences), the common screw-pine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFE9BFF63FEC4FEE4" box="[265,347,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE9BFF63FEC4FEE4" box="[265,347,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is a tree native and endemic to the Mascarenes, which is now introduced into many tropical regions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCC2F3EFF02FE8EFE0BFEC0" author="Bosser, J. & Gueho, J." box="[144,404,266,292]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref116453" refString="Bosser, J. & Gueho, J. (2003) 190. Pandanacees. In: Bosser, J., Callmander, M. & Guehot, J. (Eds.) Flore des Mascareignes, La Reunion, Maurice, Rodrigues. IRD Editions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris, pp. 1 - 54." type="book chapter" year="2003">Bosser & Guého 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCC2F3EFE55FE8EFDB6FEC0" box="[455,553,266,292]" name="Réunion" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
, it forms adlittoral woodlands that are either natural or the result of plantations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCC2F3EFF02FEAAFEF2FEAC" author="Delbosc, P. & Lacoste, M. & Picot, F." box="[144,365,302,329]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refId="ref118377" refString="Delbosc, P., Lacoste, M. & Picot, F. (2011) Cahiers d'habitats de La Reunion: etage littoral. Rapport technique n ° 5, Conservatoire Botanique de Mascarin, Saint-Leu, 584 pp." type="book" year="2011">
|
||
Delbosc
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF61FEABFEBBFEAC" box="[243,292,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFD89FEABFDF1FEAC" box="[539,622,302,328]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD89FEABFDF1FEAC" box="[539,622,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
woodlands are the main habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC61FEABFB7EFEAC" box="[1011,1249,303,328]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC61FEABFB7EFEAC" box="[1011,1249,303,328]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Parmotrema orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCC2F3EFB62FEAAFAC9FEAC" box="[1264,1366,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 32C</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was also collected once in a lowland dry forest,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFDEBFED6FD2BFE88" box="[633,692,338,364]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
from the coast. Thalli of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC4AFED7FBCEFE88" box="[984,1105,339,364]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC4AFED7FBCEFE88" box="[984,1105,339,364]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are frequently associated with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFF7AFEF3FECCFE74" box="[232,339,375,400]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Caliciaceae" genus="Dirinaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Caliciales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF7AFEF3FECCFE74" box="[232,339,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Dirinaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFE18FEF3FDA9FE74" box="[394,566,374,400]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Caliciaceae" genus="Pyxine" kingdom="Fungi" order="Caliciales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE18FEF3FE49FE74" box="[394,470,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pyxine</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCC2F3EFF2FFE1EFAD1FE3C" blockId="84.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
The bioclimate of the localities is pluvial tropical, thermotype belts = lower and upper thermotropical (585 ≤ It ≤ 685), ombrotype belts are variable = from upper subhumid to upper hyperhumid (5.7 ≤ Io ≤ 20.7) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCC2F3EFB48FE3AFADEFE3C" box="[1242,1345,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="83.[136,229,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,286,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-47@83.[150,1435,284,1569]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 32. Parmotrema orarium. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011:17–18); C: Coastal stand of Pandanus utilis, a typical habitat for P. orarium on Réunion Island (Sainte-Rose, Bois Blanc, 13August 2015); D: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype); E: Sorediate isidia (Masson 974.4646); F: Submarginal pustules, bursting into soredia (Masson 974.4221). Scale bars: A = 10 km; D = 20 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217538" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217538/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 32B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCC2F3EFF2FFE66FEF7FD8C" blockId="84.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF2FFE66FE9FFE18" bold="true" box="[189,256,482,508]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
:—With its small or medium adnate thallus, sublinear to subirregular and rather narrow lobes,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFA8DFE67FF7BFDC4" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFA8DFE67FF7BFDC4" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Parmotrema orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
looks more like a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFE28FD82FDC3FDC4" authorityName="Elix & Hale" authorityYear="1986" box="[442,604,518,544]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Canoparmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE28FD82FDC3FDC4" box="[442,604,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canoparmelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFCC2F3EFDF6FD83FD3DFDC4" box="[612,674,518,545]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
than a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFD65FD83FC1BFDC4" box="[759,900,519,544]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD65FD83FC1BFDC4" box="[759,900,519,544]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Parmotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our molecular data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCC2F3EFBECFD82FB5CFDC4" box="[1150,1219,518,544]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="15.[136,229,1946,1968]" captionTargetBox="[262,1324,440,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-147@15.[249,1336,428,1922]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships of the two new species Parmotrema orarium and P. intonsum among selected representatives of parmelioid taxa, resulted from a RaxML analysis on three loci (ITS, nuLSU, mtSSU) and 71 specimens. Bootstrap values are represented near the branches when ≥ 70." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217478" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217478/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) demonstrate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFA05FD83FF7BFDA0" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFA05FD83FF7BFDA0" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does indeed belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFE60FDAFFDE0FDA0" box="[498,639,555,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE60FDAFFDE0FDA0" box="[498,639,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Parmotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFCC2F3EFD1AFDAFFD58FDA1" box="[648,711,555,581]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and not to the taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC24FDAEFBC7FDA0" authorityName="Elix & Hale" authorityYear="1986" box="[950,1112,554,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Canoparmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC24FDAEFBC7FDA0" box="[950,1112,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canoparmelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFCC2F3EFBF3FDAFFB3EFDA1" box="[1121,1185,555,581]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFB3CFDAFFA93FDA1" box="[1198,1292,555,581]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Crespoa" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFB3CFDAFFA93FDA1" box="[1198,1292,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Crespoa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFAAFFDAEFA34FDA0" box="[1341,1451,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Africanae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCC2F3EFF1DFDCAFEC3FD8C" author="Kirika, P. M. & Divakar, P. K. & Crespo, A. & Leavitt, S. D. & Mugambi, G. & Gatheri, G. W. & Lumbsch, H. T." box="[143,348,590,617]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="36 - 48" refId="ref123835" refString="Kirika, P. M., Divakar, P. K., Crespo, A., Leavitt, S. D., Mugambi, G., Gatheri, G. W. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2016) Polyphyly of the genus Canoparmelia - uncovering incongruences between phenotype-based classification and molecular phylogeny within lichenized Ascomycota (Parmeliaceae). Phytotaxa 289: 36 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 289.1.2" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Kirika
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF72FDCBFE8EFD8C" box="[224,273,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCC2F3EFF2FFDF7FA09FC48" blockId="84.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFF2FFDF7FE31FD68" box="[189,430,627,652]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF2FFDF7FE31FD68" box="[189,430,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Parmotrema orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a rather enigmatic species, with a unique combination of characters within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFA8DFDF7FA33FD68" box="[1311,1452,627,652]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFA8DFDF7FA33FD68" box="[1311,1452,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Parmotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFCC2F3EFF1AFD13FF5AFD55" box="[136,197,663,689]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Some of them are shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFDA0FD13FCC6FD54" authority="(Vain.) Elix" authorityName="Elix" baseAuthorityName="Vain." box="[562,857,662,688]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="adspersum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFDA0FD13FD57FD54" box="[562,712,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. adspersum</emphasis>
|
||
(Vain.) Elix
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the most phenotypically similar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFB4BFD13FAF9FD54" box="[1241,1382,663,688]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFB4BFD13FAF9FD54" box="[1241,1382,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Parmotrema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFCC2F3EFAFDFD13FA33FD55" box="[1391,1452,663,689]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
This taxon is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCC2F3EFE2CFD3EFDBBFD30" box="[446,548,698,724]" name="Thailand" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCC2F3EFDA1FD3EFD2BFD30" box="[563,692,698,724]" name="Philippines" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCC2F3EFD53FD3FFC00FD30" box="[705,927,698,725]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCC2F3EFC49FD3EFB04FD30" box="[987,1179,698,724]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCC2F3EFB3FFD3EFAB7FD30" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1197,1320,698,724]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref122694" refString="Hale, M. E. (1976) A monograph of the lichen genus Pseudoparmelia Lynge (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 31: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1976">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFB3FFD3EFB7BFD30" box="[1197,1252,698,724]" genus="Hale" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
|
||
1976
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCC2F3EFAA7FD3EFE80FD1C" author="Aptroot, A. & Sipman, H." pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="221 - 256" refId="ref115413" refString="Aptroot, A. & Sipman, H. (1991) New lichens and lichen records from New Guinea. Willdenowia 20: 221 - 256." type="journal article" year="1991">Aptroot & Sipman 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, McCarty & Elix 2002), and was previously placed in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC64FD5AFB07FD1C" authorityName="Elix & Hale" authorityYear="1986" box="[1014,1176,734,760]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Canoparmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC64FD5AFB07FD1C" box="[1014,1176,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Canoparmelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCC2F3EFB34FD5AFAC7FD1C" author="Elix, J. A. & Johnston, J. & Verdon, D." box="[1190,1368,734,761]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="271 - 282" refId="ref120774" refString="Elix, J. A., Johnston, J. & Verdon, D. (1986) Canoparmelia, Paraparmelia and Relicinopsis, three new genera in the Parmeliaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina). Mycotaxon 27: 271 - 282." type="journal article" year="1986">
|
||
Elix
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFB4CFD5BFA90FD1C" box="[1246,1295,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1986
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2002). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFF6CFC87FE0BFCF8" box="[254,404,770,796]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="adspersum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF6CFC87FE0BFCF8" box="[254,404,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. adspersum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more rounded and wider lobes (3–15 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFC0FFC86FB9FFCF8" box="[925,1024,770,796]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
), isidia that do not become sorediate, and fumarprotocetraric acid as major medullary extrolite instead of succinprotocetraric acid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCC2F3EFB03FCA2FA82FCA4" author="Vainio, E. A." box="[1169,1309,806,832]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="168 - 181" refId="ref131638" refString="Vainio, E. A. (1907) Lichenes novi rarioresque. Ser. IV. Hedwigia 46 (3 / 4): 168 - 181." type="journal article" year="1907">Vainio 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCC2F3EFABAFCA2FA00FCA4" author="Hale, M. E." box="[1320,1439,806,832]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref122694" refString="Hale, M. E. (1976) A monograph of the lichen genus Pseudoparmelia Lynge (Parmeliaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 31: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1976">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFABAFCA2FAC2FCA4" box="[1320,1373,806,832]" genus="Hale" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
|
||
1976
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A thallus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFE8EFCCFFE08FC80" box="[284,407,843,868]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE8EFCCFFE08FC80" box="[284,407,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with pustular soralia and poorly developed isidia could be misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFA82FCCFFE15FC6D" authority="Louwhoff & Elix. But" authorityName="Louwhoff & Elix. But" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="pustulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFA82FCCFFA34FC80" box="[1296,1451,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. pustulatum</emphasis>
|
||
Louwhoff & Elix. But
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this New Caledonian species possess wider lobes (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFC71FCEAFBD6FC6C" box="[995,1097,878,904]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), lacks isidia, and the medulla contains protocetraric acid in addition to succinprotocetraric and fumarprotocetraric acids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFCC2F3EFB10FC16FA15FC48" author="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. & Elix, J. A." box="[1154,1418,914,940]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="195 - 203" refId="ref125857" refString="Louwhoff, S. H. J. J. & Elix, J. A. (2000) Five new species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Grande Terre, New Caledonia. Mycotaxon 75: 195 - 203." type="journal article" year="2000">Louwhoff & Elix 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCC2F3EFF2FFC32FDAFFB4C" blockId="84.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Within our material here assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFDF3FC33FD46FC34" box="[609,729,951,976]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFDF3FC33FD46FC34" box="[609,729,951,976]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two different ITS sequences have been detected (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFCC2F3EFA81FC32FAF5FC34" box="[1299,1386,950,976]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[136,224,1743,1767]" captionText="TABLE 3. ITS barcode selected in ITS 1 for all species whose DNA could be extracted. Variation within species reported as species epithet followed par 1, 2 or 3. The barcode is selected with the first six positions identical and with the last two identical. See Schoch et al. (2012) for details on the selection and use of ITS barcode. aurantioreagens G C T T T G A C G G T C C T C G G G G G C C T T C C T C C G T A C C G G austrosinense G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T T C T C C T C C G C G T C G G brachyblepharum G C T T T G G C G G G C C C C T G G G G T C T A C C T C C G C A T C G G cf clavuliferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C C C T C C G C A C C G G crinitum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T C T T C C T T C G C A C C G G cristiferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C T C C T C C G C A T C G G ......continued on the next page" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The other two loci studied (mtSSU and EF1-α) do not show any variation. No other characters, either morpho-anatomical, chemical or ecological, could be found to support the recognition of two entities. The rather large variation in the soralia and isidia developed within the populations of this species does not correlate with the two ITS sequences. Further neither of the two species discovery methods used for species delimitation (bPP and Stacey) supported the recognition of two different species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCC2F3EFDBCFBEEFDEBFB60" box="[558,628,1130,1156]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). We therefore assign this variation to the presence of two different ITS within the populations of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCC2F3EFF2FFB36FB86FB15" blockId="84.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
According to our phylogenetic tree based on 3-locus data (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFCC2F3EFCC7FB36FC06FB28" box="[853,921,1202,1228]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC22FB37FBB7FB28" box="[944,1064,1203,1228]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="orarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC22FB37FBB7FB28" box="[944,1064,1203,1228]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">P. orarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a well-supported clade comprising four other species, all of them potentially endemic to the Mascarenes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFCC2F3FFF2FFB7EFE51FDA0" blockId="84.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="85.[136,1452,158,580]" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF2FFB7EFD57FAF0" bold="true" box="[189,712,1274,1300]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Additional specimens examined (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFCC2F3EFDACFB7EFD24FAF0" box="[574,699,1274,1300]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFCC2F3EFD77FB7EFCC9FAF0" box="[741,854,1274,1300]" name="France" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFCC2F3EFCCCFB7EFC5EFAF0" box="[862,961,1274,1300]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Réunion</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Saint-Philippe, Basse Vallée, Cap Mascarin, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFF50FA9AFF63FADD" box="[194,252,1310,1337]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
, 21°22’35–36”S, 55°42’06–10”E, in coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFD63FA9AFCFEFADC" box="[753,865,1310,1336]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD63FA9AFCFEFADC" box="[753,865,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thicket, on bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFBABFA9AFB78FADC" box="[1081,1255,1310,1336]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFBABFA9AFB78FADC" box="[1081,1255,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFB66FA9AFA38FADC" box="[1268,1447,1310,1336]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2017-08-26">26 August 2017</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF1AFAC7FEE7FAB8" box="[136,376,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.5130</emphasis>
|
||
(REU),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE4DFAC6FDD7FAB8" box="[479,584,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">974.5132</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFDCBFAC6FD5DFAB8" box="[601,706,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">974.5135</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFCC3FAC6FC25FAB8" box="[849,954,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">974.5131</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC59FAC6FBABFAB8" box="[971,1076,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">974.5134</emphasis>
|
||
(LG);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFB1BFAC6FB2AFAB8" box="[1161,1205,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., Cap Méchant, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFF1AFAE2FF5AFA65" box="[136,197,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFF40FAE2FEC7FA64" box="[210,344,1382,1408]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-21.375">21°22’30”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFEF4FAE2FE71FA65" box="[358,494,1382,1409]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="39" value="55.710835">55°42’39”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in coastal landscaped picnic area, on bark of a trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFBE5FAE2FAB7FA64" box="[1143,1320,1382,1408]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFBE5FAE2FAB7FA64" box="[1143,1320,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFAA5FAE2FF5CFA41" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2015-08-14">14 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF5CFA0FFE29FA40" box="[206,438,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.4646</emphasis>
|
||
(LG);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD91FA0EFDB0FA40" box="[515,559,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., near Pointe de la Mare d’Arzule, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFC60FA0EFBB2FA41" box="[1010,1069,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
, 21°21’52–53”S, 55°46’25–26”E, in coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFE93FA2AFEEEFA2C" box="[257,369,1454,1480]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE93FA2AFEEEFA2C" box="[257,369,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thicket, on bark of trunks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFD42FA2AFC1CFA2C" box="[720,899,1454,1480]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD42FA2AFC1CFA2C" box="[720,899,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFC07FA2AFBCFFA2D" box="[917,1104,1454,1481]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2015-08-14">14 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFBCDFA2BFAD0FA2C" box="[1119,1359,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.4640</emphasis>
|
||
(REU),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF1AFA56FF6EFA08" box="[136,241,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">974.4645</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFEEBFA56FE3AFA08" box="[377,421,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., near la Petite Vache, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFD70FA56FC81FA09" box="[738,798,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFCB8FA56FC2EFA08" box="[810,945,1490,1516]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="43" value="-21.361944">21°21’43”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFC2FFA56FBD9FA09" box="[957,1094,1490,1517]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="40" value="55.77778">55°46’40”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in disturbed coastal thicket, on bark of a trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFEC7FA72FD9AF9F4" box="[341,517,1526,1552]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFEC7FA72FD9AF9F4" box="[341,517,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFD81FA72FD57F9F5" box="[531,712,1526,1553]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2015-08-14">14 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD46FA73FC21F9F4" box="[724,958,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.4642</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFBD7FA72FBEEF9F4" box="[1093,1137,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., Ravine Angot, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFAF9FA72FA38F9F5" box="[1387,1447,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFF1AF99EFE90F9D0" box="[136,271,1562,1588]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-21.350555">21°21’02”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFE8BF99EFE3EF9D1" box="[281,417,1562,1589]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="38" value="55.793888">55°47’38”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in secondary coastal thicket with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC8EF99FFC0DF9D1" box="[796,914,1563,1589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC8EF99FFC0DF9D1" box="[796,914,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Casuarina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC0DF99EFB90F9D0" box="[927,1039,1562,1588]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC0DF99EFB90F9D0" box="[927,1039,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFB8EF99EFBE7F9D0" box="[1052,1144,1562,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFB8EF99EFBE7F9D0" box="[1052,1144,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Psidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, etc., on bark of a branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFF1AF9BBFF71F9BD" box="[136,238,1599,1625]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF1AF9BBFF59F9BC" box="[136,198,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ficus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFF6BF9BAFE33F9BC" box="[249,428,1598,1624]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2013-08-17">17 August 2013</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE24F9BBFD02F9BC" box="[438,669,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.4288</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM); Saint-Pierre, Piton de Mont Vert, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFB5FF9BAFA8AF9BD" box="[1229,1301,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="590.0">590 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFAB2F9BAFA38F9BC" box="[1312,1447,1598,1624]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-21.327778">21°19’40”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFF1AF9E6FE8EF999" box="[136,273,1634,1661]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="33" value="55.5425">55°32’33”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in lowland dry forest, on bark of a branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC87F9E6FC6BF998" box="[789,1012,1634,1660]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC87F9E6FC6BF998" box="[789,1012,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFB90F9E6FB28F998" box="[1026,1207,1634,1660]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2017-08-19">19 August 2017</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFB50F9E7FA34F998" box="[1218,1451,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.5016</emphasis>
|
||
(LG); Sainte-Rose, le Port, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFE61F902FD80F945" box="[499,543,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFDB8F902FD2EF944" box="[554,689,1670,1696]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-21.125555">21°07’32”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFD2EF902FCDAF945" box="[700,837,1670,1697]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="21" value="55.789165">55°47’21”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in coastal landscaped picnic area, on bark of a trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFF1AF92EFEA7F920" box="[136,312,1706,1732]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF1AF92EFEA7F920" box="[136,312,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFED4F92EFE79F920" box="[326,486,1706,1732]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2003-04-12">12 April 2003</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE63F92FFD44F920" box="[497,731,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.0291</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFCF1F92EFC10F920" box="[867,911,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., la Marine, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFBC8F92EFB09F921" box="[1114,1174,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFB30F92EFAB6F920" box="[1186,1321,1706,1732]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-21.125278">21°07’31”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 55°47’26– 32”E, in secondary coastal thicket, on bark of trunks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFD60F94AFC3EF90C" box="[754,929,1742,1768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD60F94AFC3EF90C" box="[754,929,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFC3CF94AFBFEF90C" box="[942,1121,1742,1769]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2013-08-15">15 August 2013</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFBF9F94BFACCF90C" box="[1131,1363,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.4242</emphasis>
|
||
(REU),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF1AF976FF6EF8E8" box="[136,241,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">974.4245</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE90F976FEF4F8E8" box="[258,363,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">974.4246</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE68F976FDB9F8E8" box="[506,550,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., near Pointe de Sainte-Rose, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFC56F976FB9DF8E9" box="[964,1026,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFB83F976FB08F8E8" box="[1041,1175,1778,1804]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-21.126667">21°07’36”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFB35F976FAB0F8E9" box="[1191,1327,1778,1805]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="50" value="55.797222">55°47’50”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFF1AF892FF67F8D4" box="[136,248,1814,1840]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFF1AF892FF67F8D4" box="[136,248,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thicket on cliff top, on bark of a trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFD56F892FCEDF8D4" box="[708,882,1814,1840]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD56F892FCEDF8D4" box="[708,882,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFCEDF892FBACF8D5" box="[895,1075,1814,1841]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2015-08-14">14 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFBAFF893FABAF8D4" box="[1085,1317,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.4639</emphasis>
|
||
(LG);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFAE0F892FA01F8D4" box="[1394,1438,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., between Pointe de Sainte-Rose and Bassin des Harengs, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFCC2F8BEFC12F8B1" box="[848,909,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFC09F8BEFBBDF8B0" box="[923,1058,1850,1876]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-21.128056">21°07’41”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFBA2F8BEFB27F8B1" box="[1072,1208,1850,1877]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="02" value="55.800556">55°48’02”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFAA9F8BEFA34F8B0" box="[1339,1451,1850,1876]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFAA9F8BEFA34F8B0" box="[1339,1451,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thicket on cliff top, on bark of a branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFDF1F8DAFC8DF89C" box="[611,786,1886,1912]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFDF1F8DAFC8DF89C" box="[611,786,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFCB2F8DAFC4BF89D" box="[800,980,1886,1913]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2015-08-14">14 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC4DF8DBFB57F89C" box="[991,1224,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.4638</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFADFF8DAFAE6F89C" box="[1357,1401,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., La Cayenne, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFEA2F806FEF5F879" box="[304,362,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFEE7F806FE64F879" box="[373,507,1922,1949]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-21.133055">21°07’59”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCC2F3EFD94F806FD10F879" box="[518,655,1922,1949]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="15" seconds="23" value="55.80639">55°48’23”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in coastal landscaped picnic area, on bark of a trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFB65F806FA3BF878" box="[1271,1444,1922,1948]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFB65F806FA3BF878" box="[1271,1444,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFF1AF822FEA0F825" box="[136,319,1958,1985]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2015-08-14">14 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFED9F823FDA8F824" box="[331,567,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.4636</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD53F822FD72F824" box="[705,749,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., Bois Blanc, SW of Quai au Bois, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFB53F822FAB7F825" box="[1217,1320,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">20–30 m</quantity>
|
||
, 21°12’33– 34”S, 55°49’03–05”E, in coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFD90F84EFDEDF800" box="[514,626,1994,2020]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD90F84EFDEDF800" box="[514,626,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thicket on cliff top, on bark of trunks and adventitious root of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFAA9F84EFF5FF7EC" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFAA9F84EFF5FF7EC" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCC2F3EFF5DF86AFE1AF7ED" box="[207,389,2030,2057]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2015-08-13">13 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFE03F86BFDE3F7EC" box="[401,636,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Masson 974.4610</emphasis>
|
||
(LG),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFD59F86AFCC3F7EC" box="[715,860,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">974.4611–13</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC77F86AFB8EF7EC" box="[997,1041,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., Bois Blanc, between Quai au Bois and Quai de l’Église, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCC2F3EFE27F796FE6FF7C9" box="[437,496,2066,2093]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
, 21°12’26–29”S, 55°49’15–18”E, in coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCC2F3EFC74F796FBC9F7C8" box="[998,1110,2066,2092]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCC2F3EFC74F796FBC9F7C8" box="[998,1110,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thicket on cliff top, on bark of trunks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFF64FF1AFE39FF5C" box="[246,422,158,184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFF64FF1AFE39FF5C" box="[246,422,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCD2F3FFE27FF1AFDF3FF5D" box="[437,620,158,185]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2015-08-13">13 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFDEBFF1BFCFAFF5C" box="[633,869,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">D. Masson 974.4616</emphasis>
|
||
(LG),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFC26FF1AFB82FF5C" box="[948,1053,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">974.4617</emphasis>
|
||
(REU),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFBEDFF1AFB77FF5C" box="[1151,1256,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">974.4618</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFAE0FF1AFA01FF5C" box="[1394,1438,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., Bois Blanc, near Quai de Tigo, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCD2F3FFDB5FF46FDFDFF39" box="[551,610,194,221]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
|
||
, 21°12’15–18”S, 55°49’24–25”E, in coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFBCEFF46FB53FF38" box="[1116,1228,194,220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFBCEFF46FB53FF38" box="[1116,1228,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thicket on cliff top, on bark of trunks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFEEBFF62FDB5FEE4" box="[377,554,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFEEBFF62FDB5FEE4" box="[377,554,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCD2F3FFDA8FF62FD6CFEE5" box="[570,755,230,257]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2015-08-13">13 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFC92FF63FC71FEE4" box="[768,1006,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">D. Masson 974.4619</emphasis>
|
||
(LG),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFBD2FF62FB36FEE4" box="[1088,1193,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">974.4622</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFAA7FF62FAFEFEE4" box="[1333,1377,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., Bois Blanc, between Quai de Tigo and Roche du Pas de Cabri, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCD2F3FFCCAFE8EFC0BFEC1" box="[856,916,266,293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCD2F3FFC32FE8EFBB9FEC0" box="[928,1062,266,292]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-21.203056">21°12’11”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCD2F3FFBA1FE8EFB24FEC1" box="[1075,1211,266,293]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="15" seconds="29" value="55.824722">55°49’29”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFAA9FE8EFA34FEC0" box="[1339,1451,266,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFAA9FE8EFA34FEC0" box="[1339,1451,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thicket on cliff top, on bark of a trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFDFFFEAAFC81FEAC" box="[621,798,302,328]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFDFFFEAAFC81FEAC" box="[621,798,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCD2F3FFCBDFEAAFC77FEAD" box="[815,1000,302,329]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2015-08-13">13 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFC64FEABFB7BFEAC" box="[1014,1252,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">D. Masson 974.4623</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFAE0FEAAFA01FEAC" box="[1394,1438,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., Bois Blanc, near Pointe de Bois Blanc, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCD2F3FFDEDFED6FD25FE89" box="[639,698,338,365]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCD2F3FFD54FED6FCD3FE89" box="[710,844,338,365]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-21.198332">21°11’54”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCD2F3FFCCAFED6FC7FFE89" box="[856,992,338,365]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="15" seconds="30" value="55.825">55°49’30”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in coastal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFBCCFED6FB51FE88" box="[1118,1230,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFBCCFED6FB51FE88" box="[1118,1230,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thicket on cliff top, on bark of a trunk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFEEFFEF2FDB2FE74" box="[381,557,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFEEFFEF2FDB2FE74" box="[381,557,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCD2F3FFDAEFEF2FD6DFE75" box="[572,754,374,401]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2015-08-13">13 August 2015</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFD6DFEF3FC75FE74" box="[767,1002,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">D. Masson 974.4625</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFBE1FEF2FB00FE74" box="[1139,1183,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., les Cascades, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCD2F3FFA1DFEF2FF3FFE51" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCD2F3FFF3FFE1EFEACFE50" box="[173,307,410,436]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="15" seconds="07" value="-21.185276">21°11’07”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 55°49’57–58”E, in secondary coastal thicket with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFCE9FE1EFC74FE50" box="[891,1003,410,436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFCE9FE1EFC74FE50" box="[891,1003,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFBB1FE1FFB06FE51" box="[1059,1177,411,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFBB1FE1FFB06FE51" box="[1059,1177,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Casuarina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on cliff top, on bark of branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFE80FE3AFE5EFE3C" box="[274,449,446,472]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFE80FE3AFE5EFE3C" box="[274,449,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCD2F3FFE5DFE3AFD1BFE3C" box="[463,644,446,472]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2013-08-13">13 August 2013</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFD02FE3BFCE5FE3C" box="[656,890,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">D. Masson 974.4221</emphasis>
|
||
(LG),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFC5AFE3AFBAEFE3C" box="[968,1073,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">974.4222</emphasis>
|
||
(REU),
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFB03FE3AFB65FE3C" box="[1169,1274,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">974.4247</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFA9AFE3AFAEEFE3C" box="[1288,1393,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">974.4248</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM);
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFF5FFE66FF66FE18" box="[205,249,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">ibid</emphasis>
|
||
., between Pointe des Cascades and Pointe des Bambous, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFCD2F3FFC21FE66FC72FE19" box="[947,1005,482,509]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCD2F3FFC6AFE66FBE0FE19" box="[1016,1151,482,509]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-21.180832">21°10’51”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFCD2F3FFB18FE66FA8DFE19" box="[1162,1298,482,509]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" precision="15" seconds="06" value="55.835">55°50’06”E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in secondary coastal thicket with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFEF8FD82FE45FDC4" box="[362,474,518,544]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFEF8FD82FE45FDC4" box="[362,474,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFD80FD83FD17FDC5" box="[530,648,519,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFD80FD83FD17FDC5" box="[530,648,519,545]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Casuarina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on cliff top, on bark of branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFCD2F3FFB83FD82FB5FFDC4" box="[1041,1216,518,544]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="utilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFB83FD82FB5FFDC4" box="[1041,1216,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pandanus utilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFED1198FFCD2F3FFB5DFD82FA1AFDC4" box="[1231,1413,518,544]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2013-08-13">13 August 2013</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFCD2F3FFA02FD83FED0FDA0" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">D. Masson 974.4225</emphasis>
|
||
(Hb. DM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |