275 lines
36 KiB
XML
275 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a7" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7867111" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B8E4EDF-D6E0-4118-A8C9-CFC7589EC5C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1682508754950" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Laere, Gaëlle Van & Mörs, Thomas" docDate="2023" docId="03FA5002830FFFC75A04FBD8FE11FC25" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.45.7.223-241.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 45 (7)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Castor fiber Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="226" masterDocId="FFC3287A830AFFC05B2BFFACFFF7FF8A" masterDocTitle="Beavers and flying squirrels (Rodentia: Castoridae, Pteromyini) from the Late Pliocene of Hambach 11 C, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="241" masterPageNumber="223" pageNumber="226" updateTime="1682585831537" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Beavers and flying squirrels (Rodentia: Castoridae, Pteromyini) from the Late Pliocene of Hambach 11 C, Germany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Laere, Gaëlle Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm (Sweden)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gaelle.vanlaere@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mörs, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm (Sweden) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm (Sweden)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thomas.moers@nrm.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>45</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>223</mods:start>
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<mods:end>241</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7867111</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B8E4EDF-D6E0-4118-A8C9-CFC7589EC5C4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA5002830FFFC75A04FBD8FE11FC25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA5002830FFFC75A04FBD8FE11FC25" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<subSubSection box="[303,604,1140,1167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[303,604,1140,1167]" box="[303,604,1140,1167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<heading box="[303,604,1140,1167]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="RQPW" ID-ENA="10185" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[303,604,1140,1167]" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fiber">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[303,429,1140,1167]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Castor fiber</emphasis>
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Linnaeus, 1758
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[414,493,1172,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[414,493,1172,1198]" box="[414,493,1172,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[423,484,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1800,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,218,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-185@6.[713,1266,732,1288]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 from Hambach 11C: A, IPB-HaR-5653, incisor fragment labial view and section; B, IPB-HaR-5641, left m1/2 labial,occlusal and lingual views;C, IPB-HaR-5637,left P4 in maxillary fragment, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; D, IPB-HaR-5640, left, P4 labial, occlusal, and lingual views; E, IPB-HaR-5639, left M1/2, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; F, IPB-HaR-5638, left M1/2 labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[132,775,1229,1306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<smallCapsWord baselines="1246,1247" box="[132,231,1229,1252]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord baselines="1247" box="[236,335,1234,1251]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
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. —
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<materialsCitation box="[376,650,1229,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" specimenCode="IPB-HaR-5641" specimenCount="1">
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Left m1/2 (
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<specimenCode box="[484,640,1229,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">IPB-HaR-5641</specimenCode>
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),
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="IPB" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" specimenCode="IPB- HaR-5637, IPB-HaR-5640" specimenCount="1">
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left P4 (
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<specimenCode pageId="5" pageNumber="226">IPB- HaR-5637</specimenCode>
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and
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<specimenCode box="[291,446,1255,1279]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">IPB-HaR-5640</specimenCode>
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),
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="226" specimenCode="IPB-HaR-5638, IPB-HaR-5639" specimenCount="1">
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left M1/2 (
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<specimenCode box="[576,730,1255,1279]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">IPB-HaR-5638</specimenCode>
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and
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<specimenCode box="[134,289,1282,1306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">IPB-HaR-5639</specimenCode>
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),
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation box="[306,648,1282,1306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" specimenCode="IPB-HaR-5653" specimenCount="1">
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incisor fragment (
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<specimenCode box="[479,637,1282,1306]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">IPB-HaR-5653</specimenCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[132,450,1329,1354]" box="[132,450,1329,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<smallCapsWord baselines="1347,1348" box="[132,290,1330,1353]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
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. — See
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<tableCitation box="[372,450,1329,1354]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[138,149,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements (in mm) of Castor fiber teeth from Hambach 11C." pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Table 1.</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[132,775,1396,1517]" box="[132,288,1396,1422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<smallCapsWord baselines="1415,1415" box="[132,288,1396,1422]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Descriptions" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">DESCRIPTIONS</smallCapsWord>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[132,775,1396,1517]" box="[132,394,1427,1453]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<emphasis box="[132,394,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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I – HaR-5653 (
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<figureCitation box="[300,381,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1800,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,218,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-185@6.[713,1266,732,1288]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 from Hambach 11C: A, IPB-HaR-5653, incisor fragment labial view and section; B, IPB-HaR-5641, left m1/2 labial,occlusal and lingual views;C, IPB-HaR-5637,left P4 in maxillary fragment, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; D, IPB-HaR-5640, left, P4 labial, occlusal, and lingual views; E, IPB-HaR-5639, left M1/2, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; F, IPB-HaR-5638, left M1/2 labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[132,775,1396,1517]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">A fragment of an incisor exhibits the smooth enamel and a rather flattened surface with both lateral edges curved. N</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[132,432,1554,1581]" box="[132,432,1554,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<heading box="[132,432,1554,1581]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" reason="8">
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<emphasis box="[132,432,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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m1/2 – HaR-5641 (
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<figureCitation box="[346,424,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1800,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,218,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-185@6.[713,1266,732,1288]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 from Hambach 11C: A, IPB-HaR-5653, incisor fragment labial view and section; B, IPB-HaR-5641, left m1/2 labial,occlusal and lingual views;C, IPB-HaR-5637,left P4 in maxillary fragment, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; D, IPB-HaR-5640, left, P4 labial, occlusal, and lingual views; E, IPB-HaR-5639, left M1/2, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; F, IPB-HaR-5638, left M1/2 labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[130,777,1586,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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Unworn tooth germ showing the original cusp configuration. Rectangular shape, the labial side is slightly shorter than the lingual side. There is a small cusplet on the labial side of the protoconid, below the occlusal surface (
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<figureCitation box="[581,663,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1800,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,218,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-185@6.[713,1266,732,1288]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 from Hambach 11C: A, IPB-HaR-5653, incisor fragment labial view and section; B, IPB-HaR-5641, left m1/2 labial,occlusal and lingual views;C, IPB-HaR-5637,left P4 in maxillary fragment, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; D, IPB-HaR-5640, left, P4 labial, occlusal, and lingual views; E, IPB-HaR-5639, left M1/2, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; F, IPB-HaR-5638, left M1/2 labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[663,673,1695,1712]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[620,631,1611,1628]" captionTargetBox="[426,1161,214,1571]" captionTargetId="figure-200@4.[355,965,752,1314]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 2. — Stratigraphic column of the section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867117/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<subScript attach="left" box="[663,673,1695,1712]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">2</subScript>
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</figureCitation>
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). All the striids reach the base of the tooth. There is some cement in the striids. The metaconid is the highest cusp, followed by the paraconid. The hypoflexid and metaflexid are “face to face”. The hypoflexid is oriented posteriorly. The paraflexid and mesoflexid are oriented anteriorly. No roots are developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[132,610,1905,1932]" box="[132,610,1905,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<heading box="[132,610,1905,1932]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" reason="8">
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<emphasis box="[132,610,1905,1932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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P4 – HaR-5637 and HaR-5640 (
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<figureCitation box="[488,602,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1800,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,218,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-185@6.[713,1266,732,1288]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 from Hambach 11C: A, IPB-HaR-5653, incisor fragment labial view and section; B, IPB-HaR-5641, left m1/2 labial,occlusal and lingual views;C, IPB-HaR-5637,left P4 in maxillary fragment, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; D, IPB-HaR-5640, left, P4 labial, occlusal, and lingual views; E, IPB-HaR-5639, left M1/2, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; F, IPB-HaR-5638, left M1/2 labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3C, D</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[131,775,1937,2028]" lastBlockId="5.[811,1458,215,720]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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HaR-5637 (
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<figureCitation box="[261,340,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1800,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,218,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-185@6.[713,1266,732,1288]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 from Hambach 11C: A, IPB-HaR-5653, incisor fragment labial view and section; B, IPB-HaR-5641, left m1/2 labial,occlusal and lingual views;C, IPB-HaR-5637,left P4 in maxillary fragment, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; D, IPB-HaR-5640, left, P4 labial, occlusal, and lingual views; E, IPB-HaR-5639, left M1/2, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; F, IPB-HaR-5638, left M1/2 labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
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) is slightly worn and preserved in a maxillary fragment with no other tooth in situ whereas HaR-5640 (
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<figureCitation box="[141,225,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1800,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,218,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-185@6.[713,1266,732,1288]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 from Hambach 11C: A, IPB-HaR-5653, incisor fragment labial view and section; B, IPB-HaR-5641, left m1/2 labial,occlusal and lingual views;C, IPB-HaR-5637,left P4 in maxillary fragment, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; D, IPB-HaR-5640, left, P4 labial, occlusal, and lingual views; E, IPB-HaR-5639, left M1/2, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; F, IPB-HaR-5638, left M1/2 labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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) has an occlusal surface too damaged to determine a wear stage. There is clearly cement in the striae. On HaR- 5637, they all seem to run through the entire height of the tooth. This is not the case on HaR-5640 where the end of the parastria is visible and the mesostria seems to be closing. The anterior and posterior sides are slightly rounded. The lingual side is shorter than the labial. Although on HaR-5640, the outer wall is damaged, it seems that its posterior side was flatter than that of HaR-5637. The hypoflexus and the paraflexus are “face to face”. On HaR-5637, the hypoflexus is curving anteriorly. The mesoflexus and paraflexus are curving anteriorly, then posteriorly and are parallel to each other. The mesoflexus and metaflexus almost reach the posterior wall. On HaR-5640, the mesoflexus is broken but seems to be curving posteriorly and the metaflexus is not preserved. HaR-5637 does not have formed roots, the base is still open. On HaR-5640, this part is not preserved.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[813,1313,757,784]" box="[813,1313,757,784]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<heading box="[813,1313,757,784]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" reason="8">
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<emphasis box="[813,1313,757,784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
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<collectionCode box="[813,838,757,783]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
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1/2 – HaR-5638 and HaR-5639 (
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<figureCitation box="[1198,1306,757,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1800,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1422,218,1758]" captionTargetId="figure-185@6.[713,1266,732,1288]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 from Hambach 11C: A, IPB-HaR-5653, incisor fragment labial view and section; B, IPB-HaR-5641, left m1/2 labial,occlusal and lingual views;C, IPB-HaR-5637,left P4 in maxillary fragment, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; D, IPB-HaR-5640, left, P4 labial, occlusal, and lingual views; E, IPB-HaR-5639, left M1/2, labial, occlusal, and lingual views; F, IPB-HaR-5638, left M1/2 labial, occlusal, and lingual views. Scale bar: 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867119" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Fig. 3E, F</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[811,1457,789,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Both teeth are slightly worn. The shape is square with the anterior side slightly rounded and the lingual side slightly smaller than the labial side. Both characteristics are less marked than on the P4. The hypostria runs through the entire height of the tooth. On the labial side, the parastria is the shortest on HaR-5638 and the mesostria the longest almost reaching the end of the tooth crown. On HaR-5639 the metastria is the shortest and the parastria and mesostria are about the same length. There is clearly cement in the striae. The paraflexus and hypoflexus are “face to face”. On HaR-5638, they are both oriented towards the anterior side and on HaR-5639, the hypoflexus is going anteriorly and the paraflexus is rather straight and horizontal. The mesoflexus changes orientation mid-way to go toward the posterior side and almost reaches the posterior wall, the angle of the curve is close to 90° on HaR-5639. On this tooth, the metaflexus is dipping anteriorly at its mid-point whereas on HaR-5638, the metaflexus is going slightly posteriorly but is relatively straight and reaches the end of the mesoflexus. The enamel of the hypoflexus is thickened on its anterior side and so is the enamel of the mesoflexus. Both do not have roots.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[811,1457,1491,2028]" box="[813,913,1491,1517]" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
<smallCapsWord baselines="1510,1510" box="[813,913,1491,1517]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[811,1457,1491,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[132,776,789,943]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">
|
||
The attribution to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1011,1131,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fiber">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1011,1131,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Castor fiber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was made based on the observation of several characters. Firstly, the smooth enamel of the incisor and its almost flat face (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="NEWTON E. T." box="[1167,1322,1587,1613]" firstAuthor="Newton" journalOrPublisher="Geological Magazine" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="385 - 388" part="9" refId="ref12661" refString="NEWTON E. T. 1902. - Trogontherium from a Pleistocene Deposit in the Thames Valley. Geological Magazine 9 (9): 385 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800181324" title="Trogontherium from a Pleistocene Deposit in the Thames Valley" type="journal article" year="1902">Newton 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FOSTOWICZ-FRELIK L." firstAuthor="Fostowicz-Frelik" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="765 - 778" part="30" refId="ref11362" refString="FOSTOWICZ-FRELIK L. 2008. - First record of Trogontherium cuvieri (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the middle Pleistocene of Poland and review of the species. Geodiversitas 30 (4): 765 - 778." title="First record of Trogontherium cuvieri (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the middle Pleistocene of Poland and review of the species" type="journal article" year="2008">Fostowicz-Frelik 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CUENCA-BESCOS G. & ROSELL ARDEVOL J. & MORCILLO-AMO A. & GALINDO-PELLICENA M. A. & SANTOS E. & COSTA R. M." box="[947,1223,1618,1645]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cuenca-Bescos" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="263 - 277" part="433" refId="ref10967" refString="CUENCA-BESCOS G., ROSELL ARDEVOL J., MORCILLO-AMO A., GALINDO-PELLICENA M. A., SANTOS E. & COSTA R. M. 2015. - Beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Quaternary sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca, in Burgos, Spain. Quaternary International 433: 263 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quaint. 2015.10.072" title="Beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Quaternary sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca, in Burgos, Spain" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Cuenca-Bescós
|
||
<emphasis box="[1113,1163,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but also the presence of cement (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MAYHEW D. F." box="[939,1098,1650,1676]" firstAuthor="Mayhew" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="407 - 438" part="281" refId="ref12354" refString="MAYHEW D. F. 1978. - Reinterpretation of the extinct beaver Trogontherium (Mammalia, Rodentia). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 281 (983): 407 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1978.0004" title="Reinterpretation of the extinct beaver Trogontherium (Mammalia, Rodentia)" type="journal article" year="1978">Mayhew 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the lack of roots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="REKOVETS L. & KOPIJ G. & NOWAKOWSKI D." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Rekovets" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia - Series A: Vertebrata" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="95 - 105" part="52" refId="ref12936" refString="REKOVETS L., KOPIJ G. & NOWAKOWSKI D. 2009. - Taxonomic diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of late Cenozoic beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia) of Ukraine. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia - Series A: Vertebrata 52 (1): 95 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.3409 / azc. 52 a _ 1 - 2.95 - 105" title="Taxonomic diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of late Cenozoic beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia) of Ukraine" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Rekovets
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,865,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as well as the fact that the hypostria runs down the entire height of the tooth, unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Fostowicz-Frelik 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Fostowicz-Frelik" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Trogontherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1291,1455,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Trogontherium</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FOSTOWICZ-FRELIK L." box="[822,1068,1746,1772]" firstAuthor="Fostowicz-Frelik" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="765 - 778" part="30" refId="ref11362" refString="FOSTOWICZ-FRELIK L. 2008. - First record of Trogontherium cuvieri (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the middle Pleistocene of Poland and review of the species. Geodiversitas 30 (4): 765 - 778." title="First record of Trogontherium cuvieri (Mammalia, Rodentia) from the middle Pleistocene of Poland and review of the species" type="journal article" year="2008">Fostowicz-Frelik 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, the size and morphology of the specimens are coherent with other finds, for example from Early Pleistocene sites in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1243,1342,1810,1836]" name="Romania" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1396,1457,1810,1836]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Olteţ River Valley, Gran Dolina and Sima del Elefante) and from the Middle Pleistocene of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1153,1245,1873,1899]" name="Portugal" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Gruta da Aroeira) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CUENCA-BESCOS G. & ROSELL ARDEVOL J. & MORCILLO-AMO A. & GALINDO-PELLICENA M. A. & SANTOS E. & COSTA R. M." box="[822,1106,1905,1932]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cuenca-Bescos" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="263 - 277" part="433" refId="ref10967" refString="CUENCA-BESCOS G., ROSELL ARDEVOL J., MORCILLO-AMO A., GALINDO-PELLICENA M. A., SANTOS E. & COSTA R. M. 2015. - Beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Quaternary sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca, in Burgos, Spain. Quaternary International 433: 263 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quaint. 2015.10.072" title="Beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Quaternary sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca, in Burgos, Spain" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Cuenca-Bescós
|
||
<emphasis box="[992,1044,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CUENCA-BESCOS G. & SANZ M. & DAURA J. & ZILHAO J." box="[1119,1176,1905,1931]" firstAuthor="Cuenca-Bescos" journalOrPublisher="Quaternaire" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="1 - 10" part="32" refId="ref11043" refString="CUENCA-BESCOS G., SANZ M., DAURA J. & ZILHAO J. 2021. - The fossils of Castor fiber from the middle Pleistocene site of Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal) and human-beaver interaction. Quaternaire 32: 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.4000 / quaternaire. 14975" title="The fossils of Castor fiber from the middle Pleistocene site of Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal) and human-beaver interaction" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="TERHUNE C. E. & CURRAN S. & CROITOR R. & DRsGUsIN V. & GAUDIN T. & PETCULESCU A. & ROBINSON C. & ROBU M. & WERDELIN L." box="[1188,1399,1905,1931]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Terhune" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="14 - 33" part="553" refId="ref13495" refString="TERHUNE C. E., CURRAN S., CROITOR R., DRsGUsIN V., GAUDIN T., PETCULESCU A., ROBINSON C., ROBU M. & WERDELIN L. 2020. - Early Pleistocene fauna of the Oltet River Valley of Romania: Biochronological and biogeographic implications. Quaternary International 553: 14 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quaint. 2020.06.020" title="Early Pleistocene fauna of the Oltet River Valley of Romania: Biochronological and biogeographic implications" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Terhune
|
||
<emphasis box="[1286,1337,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and with recent specimens (personal observations in the collections of the NRM).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1024,1144,1969,1996]" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fiber">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1024,1144,1969,1996]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">Castor fiber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has previously been reported from the Late Pliocene of Hambach 11 (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1257,1307,2001,2028]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="5" pageNumber="226">MN</collectionCode>
|
||
16a) by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MORS T. & VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mors" journalOrPublisher="Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="5" pageNumber="226" pagination="135 - 160" part="60" refId="ref12454" refString="MORS T., VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F. 1998. - Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany). Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 60: 135 - 160." title="Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany)" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Mörs
|
||
<emphasis box="[132,182,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It was also found in the Late Pliocene (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[678,727,1937,1964]" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">MN</collectionCode>
|
||
16a) Slovakian locality of Hajnačka I (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SABOL M. & KONECNY V. & VASS D. & KOVACOVA M. & DURIsOVA A. & TUNYI I." box="[499,683,1969,1995]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sabol" journalOrPublisher="Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" pagination="261 - 274" part="256" refId="ref13099" refString="SABOL M., KONECNY V., VASS D., KOVACOVA M., DURIsOVA A. & TUNYI I. 2006. - Early Late Pliocene site of Hajnacka I (Southern Slovakia) - geology, palaeovolcanic evolution, fossil assemblages and palaeoenvironment. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 256: 261 - 274." title="Early Late Pliocene site of Hajnacka I (Southern Slovakia) - geology, palaeovolcanic evolution, fossil assemblages and palaeoenvironment" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sabol
|
||
<emphasis box="[567,620,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fiber">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Castor fiber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[446,514,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[446,514,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Castor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
still present today (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="STEFEN C." box="[732,911,1937,2027]" firstAuthor="Stefen" journalOrPublisher="Baltic Forestry" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" pagination="148 - 153" part="17" refId="ref13266" refString="STEFEN C. 2011. - A brief overview of the evolution of European tertiary beavers. Baltic Forestry 17 (1): 148 - 153." title="A brief overview of the evolution of European tertiary beavers" type="journal article" year="2011">Stefen 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1052,1120,1938,1964]" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1052,1120,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Castor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears in the European fossil record during the Late Miocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="HUGUENEY M." box="[1185,1364,1969,1996]" editor="ROSSNER G. E. & HEISSIG K." firstAuthor="Hugueney" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" pagination="281 - 300" refId="ref11783" refString="HUGUENEY M. 1999. - Family castoridae, in ROSSNER G. E. & HEISSIG K. (eds), The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich: 281 - 300." title="Family castoridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe" year="1999">Hugueney 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is already present in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1025,1130,2001,2027]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="227">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
at this time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CUENCA-BESCOS G. & ROSELL ARDEVOL J. & MORCILLO-AMO A. & GALINDO-PELLICENA M. A. & SANTOS E. & COSTA R. M." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Cuenca-Bescos" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary International" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="6" pageNumber="227" pagination="263 - 277" part="433" refId="ref10967" refString="CUENCA-BESCOS G., ROSELL ARDEVOL J., MORCILLO-AMO A., GALINDO-PELLICENA M. A., SANTOS E. & COSTA R. M. 2015. - Beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Quaternary sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca, in Burgos, Spain. Quaternary International 433: 263 - 277. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quaint. 2015.10.072" title="Beavers (Castoridae, Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Quaternary sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca, in Burgos, Spain" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Cuenca-Bescós
|
||
<emphasis box="[132,185,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[406,528,789,816]" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fiber">
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,528,789,816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">Castor fiber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears in the middle Villafranchian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="BARISONE G. & ARGENTI P. & KOTSAKIS T." box="[306,525,821,847]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Barisone" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" pagination="757 - 770" part="39" refId="ref10440" refString="BARISONE G., ARGENTI P. & KOTSAKIS T. 2006. - Plio-Pleistocene evolution of the genus Castor (Rodentia, Mammalia) in Europe: C. fiber plicidens of Pietrafitta (Perugia, Central Italy). Geobios 39 (6): 757 - 770. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2005.10.004" title="Plio-Pleistocene evolution of the genus Castor (Rodentia, Mammalia) in Europe: C. fiber plicidens of Pietrafitta (Perugia, Central Italy)" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Barisone
|
||
<emphasis box="[408,461,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="228">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The quasi absence of wear on HaR-5641 indicates that it belonged to a really young individual, less than five months old according to the tooth pattern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="STEFEN C." box="[338,470,917,943]" firstAuthor="Stefen" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="7" pageNumber="228" pagination="926 - 936" part="155" refId="ref13294" refString="STEFEN C. 2009. - Intraspecific variability of beaver teeth (Castoridae: Rodentia). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (4): 926 - 936. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00467. x" title="Intraspecific variability of beaver teeth (Castoridae: Rodentia)" type="journal article" year="2009">Stefen 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |