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<mods:title id="3AB6E008B8ABA110C4991B717EE9048D">Three new species Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China and notes on W. japonica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="656063D26E4B33B8BEBF3251C459F230">Zhou, Rong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="098E417ACB1F6BA6D1B85296E431F818">School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226000, P. R. China. zhourong @ ntu. edu. cn https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6908 - 472 x; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8660 - 0503</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7D2A0F14121F88B7816978E53EA4C4AB">Pan, Zhixiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="18BD529B87986EA943EF40C253F2B567">School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province 318000, P. R. China. pzx 1118 @ hotmail. com https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3507 - 9639</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4E48CD89B9683AEB4D99E88DA19F40F8">Ma, Yitong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9C5F73333B4D56A4D03D1A043E140420">School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226000, P. R. China. zhourong @ ntu. edu. cn https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6908 - 472 x; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8660 - 0503</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6503A10CEE15FF22A95AFE0AFDCA" box="[151,438,583,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10CEE15FF22A95AFE0AFDCA" blockId="1.[151,438,583,646]" box="[151,438,583,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
<heading id="D0B781E4A10CEE15FF22A95AFE0AFDCA" bold="true" box="[151,438,583,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10CEE15FF22A95AFE0AFDCA" bold="true" box="[151,438,583,610]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="4C404D0BA10CEE15FF22A95AFEECFDC9" authority="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma, 2021" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,336,583,610]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10CEE15FF22A95AFEECFDC9" bold="true" box="[151,336,583,610]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Willowsia flava</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10CEE15FF22A976FED5FD2E" blockId="1.[151,438,583,646]" box="[151,361,619,646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10CEE15FF22A976FEB6FD2D" box="[151,266,619,646]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14" captionStart-1="FIGURES 512" captionStart-2="FIGURES 1317" captionStart-3="FIGURES 1819" captionStart-4="FIGURES 2025" captionStartId-0="1.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,264,1764,1788]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,264,1665,1689]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,264,1396,1420]" captionStartId-4="5.[151,264,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1430,927,1734]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1418,390,1724]" captionTargetBox-2="[168,1423,198,1627]" captionTargetBox-3="[182,1403,323,1358]" captionTargetBox-4="[209,1403,206,1216]" captionTargetId-0="figure-151@1.[151,1436,919,1743]" captionTargetId-1="figure-144@2.[151,1436,381,1741]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1641]" captionTargetId-3="figure-82@4.[151,1436,309,1373]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1248]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 14. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 12, habitus; 3, scales; 4, scales on dens. Scale bars: 12 = 500μm; 34 = 20μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 512. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 5, apex of Ant. IV; 6, distal part of Ant. III; 7, distal part of Ant. II; 8, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 9, eyes and interocular chaetae; 10, labrum; 11, lateral process of labial palp; 12, labium. Scale bars: 512 = 20μm." captionText-2="FIGURES 1317. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 13, maxillary outer lobe; 14, chaetotaxy of Th. IIIII; 15, trochanteral organ; 1617, foot complex. Scale bars: 13, 1517 = 20μm; 14 = 100μm." captionText-3="FIGURES 1819. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 18, chaetotaxy of Abd. IIII; 19, chaetotaxy of Abd. IV. Scale bars: 1819 = 100μm." captionText-4="FIGURES 2025. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 20, anterior face of ventral tube; 21, posterior face of ventral tube (partially); 22, lateral flap of ventral tube; 23, manubrial plaque; 24, ventro-apical part of manubrium; 25, distal part of dens and mucro. Scale bars: 2025 = 20μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098755" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098757" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098765" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098769" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098773" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5098755/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5098757/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5098765/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5098769/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5098773/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Figs 125</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6C20333A10CEE15FEA3A976FED5FD2E" box="[278,361,619,645]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,239,708,734]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison between the three new species and all species cited in this article." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3F6600A100EE19FF22A9D9FBEFFD75" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" tableUuid="DF3F6600A100EE19FF22A9D9FBEFFD75">Table 1</tableCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10CEE15FF22A9AEFA96FC91" blockId="1.[151,1437,691,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10CEE15FF22A9AEFF5EFD66" bold="true" box="[151,226,691,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Types.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54FB882AA10CEE15FF52A9AEFEEDFD66" box="[231,337,691,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: adult female on slide,
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,
<collectingRegion id="4984F86AA10CEE15FD27A9AEFCE8FD66" box="[658,852,691,717]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Shaanxi Province</collectingRegion>
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<collectingCounty id="629E4E04A10CEE15FCE8A9AEFC71FD66" box="[861,973,691,717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Baoji City</collectingCounty>
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,
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,
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,
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,11, July, 2012, collection number:1102, by Yitong Ma with entomological aspirator
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B283CD5A10CEE15FF22A9E1FA9AFC91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320085303" collectorName="July &amp; Yitong Ma. All" country="China" county="Zhouzhi County" latitude="34.094166" location="Cuifeng Town" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="108.04083" municipality="Five" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54FB882AA10CEE15FF22A9E1FEBAFCBD" box="[151,262,764,790]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9BACF2A10CEE15FEA7A9E6FEFFFCBE" box="[274,323,763,789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Five</collectingMunicipality>
adult females on slides,
<collectingCountry id="F3577618A10CEE15FDECA9E6FD21FCBE" box="[601,669,763,789]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="4984F86AA10CEE15FD1FA9E6FCD3FCBE" box="[682,879,763,789]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Shaanxi Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="629E4E04A10CEE15FCC9A9E6FB8EFCBE" box="[892,1074,763,789]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Zhouzhi County</collectingCounty>
,
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,
<location id="8E9F6053A10CEE15FB5EA9E6FA25FCBE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9879EA10CEE10FF22A95AFB7DF95E:8E9F6053A10CEE15FB5EA9E6FA25FCBE" box="[1259,1433,763,789]" country="China" county="Zhouzhi County" latitude="34.094166" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="108.04083" municipality="Five" name="Qing Mountain" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Qing Mountain</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE74504FA10CEE15FF22A83CFE9FFC91" box="[151,291,800,828]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" precision="15" seconds="39" value="34.094166">34°0539″ N</geoCoordinate>
,
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, 14,
<collectorName id="26B5535EA10CEE15FE4CA802FD94FC92" box="[505,552,799,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">July</collectorName>
, 2012, collection number: 1109, by
<collectorName id="26B5535EA10CEE15FC07A802FBEBFC92" box="[946,1111,799,826]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Yitong Ma. All</collectorName>
deposited in NTU
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10CEE15FF72A85EFB7DFC2A" blockId="1.[151,1437,691,898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10CEE15FF72A85EFEE5FCF6" bold="true" box="[199,345,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Description.</emphasis>
Body length up to
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,
<typeStatus id="54FB882AA10CEE15FD16A85EFCB9FCF6" box="[675,773,835,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4CB89B6DA10CEE15FCB8A85EFCC8FCF5" box="[781,884,835,862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.38" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="2.38">2.38 mm</quantity>
. Ground colour pale yellow or yellow in alcohol. Eye patches dark blue. Distal part of Ant. IV and base of Ant. I with blue pigment (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10CEE15FB8CA87AFB08FC2A" box="[1081,1204,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,927,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-151@1.[151,1436,919,1743]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 12, habitus; 3, scales; 4, scales on dens. Scale bars: 12 = 500μm; 34 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098755/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Figs 1 &amp; 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F6600A10CEE15FF22ADF4FACFF8AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5098755" box="[151,1395,1769,1793]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098755/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" startId="1.[151,264,1769,1793]" targetBox="[162,1430,927,1734]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10CEE15FF22ADF4FACFF8AA" blockId="1.[151,1395,1769,1793]" box="[151,1395,1769,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10CEE15FF22ADF4FE80F8AA" bold="true" box="[151,316,1769,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">FIGURES 14.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C404D0BA10CEE15FEF6ADF4FE5CF8AA" authority="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma, 2021" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma" authorityYear="2021" box="[323,480,1769,1793]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10CEE15FEF6ADF4FE5CF8AA" box="[323,480,1769,1793]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Willowsia flava</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757E1A10CEE15FE53ADF4FD8AF8AA" box="[486,566,1769,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
12, habitus; 3, scales; 4, scales on dens. Scale bars: 1
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10CEE15FBD1ADF4FBCEF8AA" bold="true" box="[1124,1138,1769,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74"></emphasis>
2 = 500μm; 3
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10CEE15FB4EADF4FAB5F8AA" bold="true" box="[1275,1289,1769,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74"></emphasis>
4
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10CEE15FAA9ADF4FA96F8AA" bold="true" box="[1308,1322,1769,1793]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">=</emphasis>
20μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10CEE15FF72AC32FCCFF8C6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1839,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
Scales. Scales spinulate
<typeStatus id="54FB882AA10CEE15FE6CAC2DFDB5F8E1" box="[473,521,1840,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10CEE15FDACAC32FD29F8E2" box="[537,661,1839,1865]" captionStart="FIGURES 14" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1769,1793]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,927,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-151@1.[151,1436,919,1743]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 14. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 12, habitus; 3, scales; 4, scales on dens. Scale bars: 12 = 500μm; 34 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098755/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Figs 3 &amp; 4</figureCitation>
), present on Ant. III, head, terga, legs, ventral tube and ventral side of manubrium. Basal part of ventral side of dens also with scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10CEE16FF72AC6AFDB8FECE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1839,2010]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">
Head. Antennae 0.750.81 times as long as body. Antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.361.87: 1.361.58: 2.052.50. Distal part of Ant. IV with many smooth sensory chaetae, normal ciliate chaetae and a bilobed apical bulb (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10CEE15FECBACA2FE7EF871" box="[382,450,1983,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,390,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-144@2.[151,1436,381,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 512. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 5, apex of Ant. IV; 6, distal part of Ant. III; 7, distal part of Ant. II; 8, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 9, eyes and interocular chaetae; 10, labrum; 11, lateral process of labial palp; 12, labium. Scale bars: 512 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098757/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Sensory organ of Ant. III as 34 rods (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10CEE15FC3FACA2FC73F871" box="[906,975,1983,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,390,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-144@2.[151,1436,381,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 512. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 5, apex of Ant. IV; 6, distal part of Ant. III; 7, distal part of Ant. II; 8, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 9, eyes and interocular chaetae; 10, labrum; 11, lateral process of labial palp; 12, labium. Scale bars: 512 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098757/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Sensory organ of Ant. II as 2 rods (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10CEE16FADAACA2FF1BFF1A" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,390,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-144@2.[151,1436,381,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 512. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 5, apex of Ant. IV; 6, distal part of Ant. III; 7, distal part of Ant. II; 8, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 9, eyes and interocular chaetae; 10, labrum; 11, lateral process of labial palp; 12, labium. Scale bars: 512 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098757/files/figure.png" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy as 9 antennal (An), 4 median (M) and 8 sutural (S) mac. Ps2 present. Interocular mes as p, r, t. Eyes 8+8, G and H smaller (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10FEE16FD84ABA6FD15FF7E" box="[561,681,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,390,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-144@2.[151,1436,381,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 512. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 5, apex of Ant. IV; 6, distal part of Ant. III; 7, distal part of Ant. II; 8, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 9, eyes and interocular chaetae; 10, labrum; 11, lateral process of labial palp; 12, labium. Scale bars: 512 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098757/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Figs 8 &amp; 9</figureCitation>
). Labral setae as 4/5, 5, 4, all slender; prelabral chaetae ciliate, other smooth, four labral papillae with one minute denticle each (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10FEE16FC82ABC2FC37FF52" box="[823,907,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,390,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-144@2.[151,1436,381,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 512. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 5, apex of Ant. IV; 6, distal part of Ant. III; 7, distal part of Ant. II; 8, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 9, eyes and interocular chaetae; 10, labrum; 11, lateral process of labial palp; 12, labium. Scale bars: 512 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098757/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Lateral process of labial palp slightly curved, with tip not reaching apex of labial papilla (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10FEE16FD27AA1EFD5AFEB6" box="[658,742,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,390,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-144@2.[151,1436,381,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 512. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 5, apex of Ant. IV; 6, distal part of Ant. III; 7, distal part of Ant. II; 8, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 9, eyes and interocular chaetae; 10, labrum; 11, lateral process of labial palp; 12, labium. Scale bars: 512 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098757/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Labial triangular chaetae as M
<subScript id="17C434CDA10FEE16FBEFAA08FBDEFE88" attach="both" box="[1114,1122,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">1</subScript>
M
<subScript id="17C434CDA10FEE16FBCEAA08FB3FFE88" attach="both" box="[1147,1155,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">2</subScript>
REL
<subScript id="17C434CDA10FEE16FB0DAA08FB7CFE88" attach="both" box="[1208,1216,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">1</subScript>
L
<subScript id="17C434CDA10FEE16FB64AA08FB65FE88" attach="left" box="[1233,1241,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">2</subScript>
, all ciliate and R 0.630.73 length of M
<subScript id="17C434CDA10FEE16FE2DAA24FE1CFEEC" attach="left" box="[408,416,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">1</subScript>
(
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10FEE16FE18AA3AFDBEFEEA" box="[429,514,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,390,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-144@2.[151,1436,381,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 512. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 5, apex of Ant. IV; 6, distal part of Ant. III; 7, distal part of Ant. II; 8, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 9, eyes and interocular chaetae; 10, labrum; 11, lateral process of labial palp; 12, labium. Scale bars: 512 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098757/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Subapical chaeta of maxillary outer lobe thin, subequal to apical one; 3 smooth hairs on sublobal plate (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10FEE16FE16AA56FE4BFECE" box="[419,503,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 1317" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[168,1423,198,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1641]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1317. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 13, maxillary outer lobe; 14, chaetotaxy of Th. IIIII; 15, trochanteral organ; 1617, foot complex. Scale bars: 13, 1517 = 20μm; 14 = 100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098765/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F6600A10FEE16FF22ADF9FAC3F88A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098757" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5098757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098757/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75" startId="2.[151,264,1764,1788]" targetBox="[161,1418,390,1724]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10FEE16FF22ADF9FAC3F88A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1764,1825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10FEE16FF22ADF9FEF4F957" bold="true" box="[151,328,1764,1788]" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">FIGURES 512.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C404D0BA10FEE16FEF9ADF8FE54F956" authority="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma, 2021" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma" authorityYear="2021" box="[332,488,1765,1789]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10FEE16FEF9ADF8FE54F956" box="[332,488,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Willowsia flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10FEE16FE58ADF8FD80F956" bold="true" box="[493,572,1765,1789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757E1A10FEE16FE58ADF8FD80F956" box="[493,572,1765,1789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
5, apex of Ant. IV; 6, distal part of Ant. III; 7, distal part of Ant. II; 8, dorsal chaetotaxy of head; 9, eyes and interocular chaetae; 10, labrum; 11, lateral process of labial palp; 12, labium. Scale bars: 512 = 20μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10FEE16FF72AC52FA2BF851" blockId="2.[151,1437,1871,2042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">
Thorax. Th. II with 3 (m1, m2, m2i) mac on T1 area, 4 (m4, m4i, m4p, m5) mac on T2 area, 2223 posterior mac, 2 sens on each side. Th. III with 2021 (p2ea sometimes absent) mac, 2 sens on each side (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10FEE16FB10AC6EFB45F826" box="[1189,1273,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIGURES 1317" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[168,1423,198,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1641]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1317. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 13, maxillary outer lobe; 14, chaetotaxy of Th. IIIII; 15, trochanteral organ; 1617, foot complex. Scale bars: 13, 1517 = 20μm; 14 = 100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098765/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Trochanteral organ with 78101 smooth spiny chaetae (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10FEE16FDC5AC8AFD7EF819" box="[624,706,1943,1970]" captionStart="FIGURES 1317" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[168,1423,198,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1641]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1317. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 13, maxillary outer lobe; 14, chaetotaxy of Th. IIIII; 15, trochanteral organ; 1617, foot complex. Scale bars: 13, 1517 = 20μm; 14 = 100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098765/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Unguis with 4 inner teeth, one pair located 0.450.50 from base of inner edge of unguis, distal unpaired two respectively at 0.690.74 and 0.840.90 distance from base. Unguiculus acuminate and outer edge serrate. Tenent hair thick with clavate tip, longer than inner side of unguis (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10FEE16FAB3ACC2FA37F851" box="[1286,1419,2015,2042]" captionStart="FIGURES 1317" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[168,1423,198,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1641]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1317. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 13, maxillary outer lobe; 14, chaetotaxy of Th. IIIII; 15, trochanteral organ; 1617, foot complex. Scale bars: 13, 1517 = 20μm; 14 = 100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098765/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Figs 1617</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3F6600A10EEE17FF22AD9CFD50F916" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5098765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098765/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" startId="3.[151,264,1665,1689]" targetBox="[168,1423,198,1627]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10EEE17FF22AD9CFD50F916" blockId="3.[151,1436,1665,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10EEE17FF22AD9CFEE9F932" bold="true" box="[151,341,1665,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">FIGURES 1317.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C404D0BA10EEE17FEEFAD9CFE4AF932" authority="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma, 2021" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma" authorityYear="2021" box="[346,502,1665,1689]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10EEE17FEEFAD9CFE4AF932" box="[346,502,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Willowsia flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10EEE17FE4EAD9CFDF7F932" bold="true" box="[507,587,1665,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757E1A10EEE17FE4EAD9CFDF7F932" box="[507,587,1665,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
13, maxillary outer lobe; 14, chaetotaxy of Th. IIIII; 15, trochanteral organ; 1617, foot complex. Scale bars: 13, 15
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA10EEE17FE6BADB8FE50F916" bold="true" box="[478,492,1701,1725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="76"></emphasis>
17 = 20μm; 14 = 100μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A10EEE10FF72ADF6FCC5FF52" blockId="3.[151,1437,1771,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,150,285]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
Abdomen. Abd. IV 4.005.23 times as long as Abd. III along dorsal midline. Abd. I with 7 (m2, m2i, m3, m4, a2, a3, a5) mac, 1 ms and 1 sens, ms not inner to sens. Abd. II with 2 (a2, a3) mac on A1 area, 4 (m3, m3e, m3ea, m3ep) mac on A2 area, 1 (m5) lateral mac and 2 sens. Abd. III with 2 (a2, a3) mac on A4 area, 1 (m3) mac on A5 area, 5 (am6, pm6, p6, m7, p7) lateral mac, 1 ms and 2 sens. Abd. IV with 1620 central and 2122 lateral mac. Accessory mic of bothriotrichal complexes of Abd. IIIV strongly modified or scale-like (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10EEE17FBCAAC66FABEF83D" box="[1151,1282,1915,1942]" captionStart="FIGURES 1819" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[182,1403,323,1358]" captionTargetId="figure-82@4.[151,1436,309,1373]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1819. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 18, chaetotaxy of Abd. IIII; 19, chaetotaxy of Abd. IV. Scale bars: 1819 = 100μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Figs 1819</figureCitation>
). Ventral tube anteriorly with 4648 ciliate chaetae or scales on each side, 3 of them much larger than others (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10EEE17FB09AC82FAB3F811" box="[1212,1295,1951,1978]" captionStart="FIGURES 2025" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[209,1403,206,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2025. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 20, anterior face of ventral tube; 21, posterior face of ventral tube (partially); 22, lateral flap of ventral tube; 23, manubrial plaque; 24, ventro-apical part of manubrium; 25, distal part of dens and mucro. Scale bars: 2025 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
), posteriorly not seen wholly (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10EEE17FED5ACDEFE09F875" box="[352,437,1987,2014]" captionStart="FIGURES 2025" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[209,1403,206,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2025. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 20, anterior face of ventral tube; 21, posterior face of ventral tube (partially); 22, lateral flap of ventral tube; 23, manubrial plaque; 24, ventro-apical part of manubrium; 25, distal part of dens and mucro. Scale bars: 2025 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
), laterally with 56 smooth and 1725 (rarely 14) ciliate chaetae (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA10EEE17FB0FACDEFAADF875" box="[1210,1297,1987,2014]" captionStart="FIGURES 2025" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[209,1403,206,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2025. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 20, anterior face of ventral tube; 21, posterior face of ventral tube (partially); 22, lateral flap of ventral tube; 23, manubrial plaque; 24, ventro-apical part of manubrium; 25, distal part of dens and mucro. Scale bars: 2025 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098773/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Manubrial plaque dorsally with 1221 (rarely 9) ciliate chaetae and 25 pseudopores (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA109EE10FC43AB8AFBF7FF1A" box="[1014,1099,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 2025" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[209,1403,206,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2025. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 20, anterior face of ventral tube; 21, posterior face of ventral tube (partially); 22, lateral flap of ventral tube; 23, manubrial plaque; 24, ventro-apical part of manubrium; 25, distal part of dens and mucro. Scale bars: 2025 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
), ventrally with 4147 ciliate chaetae on each side (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA109EE10FE3BABA6FE5FFF7E" box="[398,483,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 2025" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[209,1403,206,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2025. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 20, anterior face of ventral tube; 21, posterior face of ventral tube (partially); 22, lateral flap of ventral tube; 23, manubrial plaque; 24, ventro-apical part of manubrium; 25, distal part of dens and mucro. Scale bars: 2025 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
). Uncrenulated dens 1.502.38 times as mucro in length. Mucro bidentate, two teeth subequal and tip of basal spine reaching subapical tooth (
<figureCitation id="137B2A0DA109EE10FCADABC2FCD0FF52" box="[792,876,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 2025" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[209,1403,206,1216]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[151,1436,181,1248]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 2025. Willowsia flava sp. nov. 20, anterior face of ventral tube; 21, posterior face of ventral tube (partially); 22, lateral flap of ventral tube; 23, manubrial plaque; 24, ventro-apical part of manubrium; 25, distal part of dens and mucro. Scale bars: 2025 = 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098773/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A6503A109EE10FF72AA1EFCFCFEB6" box="[199,832,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A109EE10FF72AA1EFCFCFEB6" blockId="4.[151,1436,150,285]" box="[199,832,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FF72AA1EFE90FEB6" bold="true" box="[199,300,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Ecology.</emphasis>
In litter, mainly composed of leaves of maples.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF3F6600A109EE10FF22AE69FF5AFA1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5098769" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5098769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5098769/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" startId="4.[151,264,1396,1420]" targetBox="[182,1403,323,1358]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A109EE10FF22AE69FF5AFA1A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1396,1457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FF22AE69FEE5FA27" bold="true" box="[151,345,1396,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">FIGURES 1819.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C404D0BA109EE10FED6AE68FDBFFA26" authority="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma, 2021" authorityName="Zhou &amp; Pan &amp; Ma" authorityYear="2021" box="[355,515,1397,1421]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FED6AE68FDBFFA26" box="[355,515,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Willowsia flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FDB8AE68FDDDFA26" bold="true" box="[525,609,1397,1421]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757E1A109EE10FDB8AE68FDDDFA26" box="[525,609,1397,1421]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
18, chaetotaxy of Abd. IIII; 19, chaetotaxy of Abd. IV. Scale bars: 18
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FAE9AE68FAD6FA26" bold="true" box="[1372,1386,1397,1421]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77"></emphasis>
19 = 100μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C35A6503A109EE10FF72AEC2FC40FA52" box="[199,1020,1503,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A109EE10FF72AEC2FC40FA52" blockId="4.[151,1437,1503,1781]" box="[199,1020,1503,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FF72AEC2FEF2FA52" bold="true" box="[199,334,1503,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named after its yellow (from Latin “
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FD44AEC2FC88FA52" box="[753,820,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">flavus</emphasis>
”) colour of terga.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35A6503A109EE10FF72AD1EFB7DF95E" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFF3688A109EE10FF72AD1EFB7DF95E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1503,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FF72AD1EFE87F9B6" bold="true" box="[199,315,1539,1565]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new species can be obviously distinguished from other known
<taxonomicName id="4C404D0BA109EE10FB83AD1EFB41F9B6" box="[1078,1277,1539,1565]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FB83AD1EFB18F9B6" box="[1078,1188,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">Willowsia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
because of its yellow colour on body. It is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C404D0BA109EE10FDF6AD35FC77F9EA" authority="Martynova, 1972" authorityName="Martynova" authorityYear="1972" box="[579,971,1575,1601]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samarkandica">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FDF6AD35FCB8F9EA" box="[579,772,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">W. samarkandica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B79A109EE10FCBEAD3AFC77F9EA" author="Martynova, E. F." box="[779,971,1575,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" refId="ref7384" refString="Martynova, E. F. (1972) Springtails (Collembola) inhabiting the outlets of Subterranean water in the Kirghiz and Uzbek SSR. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 51,147 - 150." type="book" year="1972">
Martynova,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the number of macrochaetae on Abd. I &amp; IV. However, their differences are great, such as, sculpture and distribution of scales, chaetotaxy of head and Th. III, labium, trochanteral organ, apical bulb of Ant. IV and mucro. It is somewhat similar to Chinese species
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FAE3AD6DFA20F922" box="[1366,1436,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">W. qui</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B79A109EE10FF22AD8EFDBDF906" author="Zhang, F. &amp; Chen, J. X. &amp; Deharveng, L." box="[151,513,1683,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref7787" refString="Zhang, F., Chen, J. X. &amp; Deharveng, L. (2011) New insight into the systematics of the Willowsia complex (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 47 (1 - 2), 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2011.10697692" type="journal article" year="2011">
Zhang, Chen &amp; Deharveng
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</bibRefCitation>
in colour pattern, but their chaetotaxy on body, sculpture and distribution of scales, apical bulb of Ant. IV and other characters are different. It is also somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C404D0BA109EE10FBD1ADA5FA20F979" authority="Stach, 1965" authorityName="Stach" authorityYear="1965" box="[1124,1436,1719,1746]" class="Entognatha" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Willowsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudosocia">
<emphasis id="B934EA9AA109EE10FBD1ADA5FAACF97A" box="[1124,1296,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">W. pseudosocia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B79A109EE10FAADADAAFA20F979" author="Stach, J." box="[1304,1436,1719,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" pagination="345 - 372" refId="ref7681" refString="Stach, J. (1965) On some Collembola of North Vietnam. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 10, 345 - 372." type="journal article" year="1965">
Stach,
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</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in sculpture of scale, but a narrow stripe absent in the former and present in the latter (
<tableCitation id="C6C20333A109EE10FBE8ADC6FB0CF95E" box="[1117,1200,1755,1781]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,239,708,734]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison between the three new species and all species cited in this article." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF3F6600A100EE19FF22A9D9FBEFFD75" pageId="4" pageNumber="77" tableUuid="DF3F6600A100EE19FF22A9D9FBEFFD75">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>