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<document id="5FE32E9597091E482E1084A9C6025F5A" ID-CLB-Dataset="5602" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e0da9034-33f3-4508-aae5-c5dbeb2ee4c3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915173" ID-ZooBank="D64A7C50-26ED-4D39-B376-2200CCCB138E" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623198611048" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Badano, Davide &amp; Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio" docDate="2014" docId="03DA9D6FFF94FFFD92EBD68EFC83FC96" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03796p319.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3796 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ascalaphus festivus Rambur 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="295" masterDocId="FFE3E517FF92FFF5927CD037FFC1FFC9" masterDocTitle="The Larvae of European Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera)" masterLastPageNumber="319" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="293" updateTime="1699006410788" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6DEE50EE8E0E60B11DDB26B74C1172F1">The Larvae of European Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="29AD747FE51DFEA2EBACC4ED489929C5">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="757F56617104FA745E0A44B54CAA28C1">Pantaleoni, Roberto Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="223CA184CACCE4D5C16B92B6BCAB4425">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E36A2495B468A45804B3DFE81249FDC9">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DA9D6FFF94FFFD92EBD68EFC83FC96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915179" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183403931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915179" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA9D6FFF94FFFD92EBD68EFC83FC96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA9D6FFF94FFFD92EBD68EFC83FC96" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF94FFF392EBD68EFDFCF91A" box="[151,573,1721,1747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF94FFF392EBD68EFDFCF91A" blockId="6.[151,573,1721,1781]" box="[151,573,1721,1747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
<heading id="D0849B15FF94FFF392EBD68EFDFCF91A" bold="true" box="[151,573,1721,1747]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF94FFF392EBD68EFDFCF91A" ID-CoL="H52X" authority="Rambur, 1842" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,573,1721,1747]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF392EBD68EFDFCF91A" bold="true" box="[151,573,1721,1747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF392EBD68EFE44F91A" bold="true" box="[151,389,1721,1747]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Ascalaphus festivus</emphasis>
Rambur, 1842
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF94FFF392EBD6EBFDC2F8AA" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF94FFF392EBD6EBFE45F93C" blockId="6.[151,573,1721,1781]" box="[151,388,1756,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
(
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF94FFF392E3D6EBFEC0F93C" box="[159,257,1756,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[260,1345,203,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-58@2.[232,1354,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Taxonomic characters of Ascalaphidae larvae. A, Deleproctophylla australis dorsal and ventral view; B, head of Ascalaphus festivus; C, head of Puer maculatus; D, VIII and IX sternites of Libelloides siculus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915175/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF94FFF39371D6EBFEF0F93C" box="[269,305,1756,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,249,1866,1888]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,688,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-236@5.[204,1382,673,1817]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. VIII and IX abdominal sternites of 3rd instar larva of Ascalaphidae. A, Ascalaphus festivus; B, Bubopsis agrionoides; C, Puer maculatus; D, Deleproctophylla australis; E, Libelloides macaronius. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915181/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF94FFF39341D6EBFEA0F93C" box="[317,353,1756,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[194,1362,201,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-247@6.[184,1403,193,1276]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Chaetotaxy of the VIII abdominal sternite of 3rd instar larva of Ascalaphidae. A, Ascalaphus festivus; B, Bubopsis agrionoides; C, Puer maculatus; D, Deleproctophylla australis; E, Libelloides longicornis. Scale bar: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915185/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF94FFF39311D6EBFEBDF93C" box="[365,380,1756,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[244,1350,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-52@7.[233,1354,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascalaphus festivus Rambur, 1842, 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sant’Anna Arresi, Porto Pino). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–e: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915187/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF94FFF392EBD711FDC2F8AA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1827,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
The larvae of this species are described here for the first time. A photo of newly hatched 1
<superScript id="7C068131FF94FFF396F4D714FB53F8F8" attach="left" box="[1160,1170,1827,1841]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">st</superScript>
instar larvae appears in U. Aspöck &amp; H.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF94FFF39329D77DFE3EF8AA" author="Aspock, U. &amp; Aspock, H." box="[341,511,1866,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref15574" refString="Aspock, U. &amp; Aspock, H. (1999) Kamelhalse, Schlammfliegen, Ameisenlowen. Wer sind sie? (Insecta: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera). Stapfia, 60, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1999">Aspöck (1999)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF94FFF392BBD759FBFCF806" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF94FFF392BBD759FBFCF806" blockId="6.[151,1436,1827,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
Examined specimens.
<materialsCitation id="3B1B2624FF94FFF393A8D759FBFBF806" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319797313" collectingDate="2005-07" collectingDateMax="2008-09" collectingDateMin="2005-07" collectionCode="R" collectorName="A. Pantaleoni &amp; D. Badano &amp; A. Letardi" country="Italy" location="Porto Pino" municipality="Sant'Anna Arresi" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF94FFF393A8D759FDD0F84E" bold="true" box="[468,529,1902,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">
<collectingCountry id="F3646CE9FF94FFF393A8D759FDCCF84E" box="[468,525,1902,1927]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Italy</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49B7E29BFF94FFF39067D759FDBAF84E" box="[539,635,1902,1927]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
, 2 L3 laboratory-reared from a female collected at
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8B603FF94FFF396B2D759FA59F84E" box="[1230,1432,1902,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">Sant’Anna Arresi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EAC7AA2FF94FFF392EBD7A4FED3F862" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA9D6FFF94FFFD92EBD68EFC83FC96:8EAC7AA2FF94FFF392EBD7A4FED3F862" box="[151,274,1938,1963]" country="Italy" municipality="Sant'Anna Arresi" name="Porto Pino" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" stateProvince="Sardegna">Porto Pino</location>
, coastal marshes,
<date id="FFCD0AB9FF94FFF393A3D7A5FD88F862" box="[479,585,1938,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" value="2005-07">
<collectingDate id="EF89F351FF94FFF393A3D7A5FD88F862" box="[479,585,1938,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" value="2005-07">VII.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
; 2 L3 and 1 L3 laboratory-reared to adult, laboratory-reared from a female collected in the same locality,
<date id="FFCD0AB9FF94FFF39396D781FD87F806" box="[490,582,1974,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" value="2008-09">
<collectingDate id="EF89F351FF94FFF39396D781FD87F806" box="[490,582,1974,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293" value="2008-09">IX.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED62B4BCFF94FFF3902AD781FDADF806" box="[598,620,1974,1999]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="268649AFFF94FFF3900BD781FCD3F806" box="[631,786,1974,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">A. Pantaleoni</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268649AFFF94FFF39162D780FC54F806" box="[798,917,1974,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">D. Badano</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="268649AFFF94FFF391C5D781FBF0F806" box="[953,1073,1974,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="293">A. Letardi</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0C7CF1FF95FFF292EBD795FB84F81E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915187" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915187/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" startId="7.[151,249,1954,1976]" targetBox="[244,1350,204,1921]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF95FFF292EBD795FB84F81E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1951,2007]" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF95FFF292EBD795FED3F87E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1954,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF95FFF29365D795FDB9F871" authority="Rambur, 1842" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[281,632,1954,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF95FFF29365D795FE21F871" box="[281,480,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="294">Ascalaphus festivus</emphasis>
Rambur, 1842
</taxonomicName>
, 3
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instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sant’Anna Arresi, Porto Pino). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–e: diagnostic characters, see species description.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF9AFFFD92BBD0ADFE17FD62" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF9AFFFD92BBD0ADFAA7FDD2" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF9AFFFD92BBD0ADFDF2FF7A" bold="true" box="[199,563,151,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">
Description of 3
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instar larva.
</emphasis>
Size (based on
<specimenCount id="9D75E7F0FF9AFFFD9097D0ADFCBAFF7A" box="[747,891,154,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
): BL
<quantity id="4C8B819CFF9AFFFD91C0D0ADFBF3FF7B" box="[956,1074,154,179]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.498" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="14.98">14.98 mm</quantity>
; HL
<quantity id="4C8B819CFF9AFFFD9611D0ADFB13FF7B" box="[1133,1234,154,179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="3.07">3.07 mm</quantity>
(2.88–3.18), HW
<quantity id="4C8B819CFF9AFFFD92EBD089FF3AFF1F" box="[151,251,190,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="3.69">3.69 mm</quantity>
(3.51–3.79), ML
<quantity id="4C8B819CFF9AFFFD93B8D089FDE9FF1F" box="[452,552,190,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.73" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="3.73">3.73 mm</quantity>
(3.47–3.97), HW/HL 1.20, ML/HL 1.21. Body bicoloured: anterior part of the body whitish with dark markings, posterior half of the abdomen dark brown with white markings, ventral side of the body whitish and mottled with brown; scolus-like processes mostly whitish; dorsal side of the head capsule mainly dark brown with paler areas on the clypeo-labrum and on the posterior half, ventral side brown, mandibles brown, darker apically; legs pale; setae of the body black. Head wider than long, slightly dilated posteriorly and with a deep dorsal posterior depression (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF9AFFFD9008D145FD0BFE42" box="[628,714,370,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[244,1350,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-52@7.[233,1354,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascalaphus festivus Rambur, 1842, 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sant’Anna Arresi, Porto Pino). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–e: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915187/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
); ocular tubercles large, wider than long (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF9AFFFD96C4D145FAD1FE42" box="[1208,1296,370,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[244,1350,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-52@7.[233,1354,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascalaphus festivus Rambur, 1842, 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sant’Anna Arresi, Porto Pino). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–e: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915187/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
); mandibles straight, longer than the head capsule (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF9AFFFD9020D1A1FD73FE66" box="[604,690,406,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[244,1350,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-52@7.[233,1354,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascalaphus festivus Rambur, 1842, 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sant’Anna Arresi, Porto Pino). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–e: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915187/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
); interdental pseudo-teeth: (4–2)(4–2)(0); external margin of the mandible equipped with short setae. Pronotum covered by sparse short setae; mesothoracic spiracles ochre with a darker apex. Abdominal spiracles dark, the first pair positioned on the dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF9AFFFD9644D1E9FB4DFE3E" box="[1080,1164,478,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[244,1350,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-52@7.[233,1354,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascalaphus festivus Rambur, 1842, 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sant’Anna Arresi, Porto Pino). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–e: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915187/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
); first pair of abdominal scolus-like processes positioned dorsally, black in colour (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF9AFFFD915FD235FCB4FDD2" box="[803,885,514,539]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[244,1350,204,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-52@7.[233,1354,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ascalaphus festivus Rambur, 1842, 3rd instar larva (Italy: Sardinia, Sant’Anna Arresi, Porto Pino). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; a–e: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915187" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915187/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
), contrasting with the white following pairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF9AFFFD92BBD211FE17FD62" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF9AFFFD92BBD211FE96FDF6" bold="true" box="[199,343,550,575]" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">Bio-ecology.</emphasis>
In
<collectingRegion id="49B7E29BFF9AFFFD9303D211FE1DFDF6" box="[383,476,550,575]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF9AFFFD9399D210FD98FDF6" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[485,601,550,575]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF9AFFFD9399D210FD98FDF6" box="[485,601,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">A. festivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been exclusively found in coastal salt marshes on back-dunes, living among rushes growing on a humid sandy substratum. In Africa this species is mainly reported from grasslands and similar biotopes. The larval habitat remains to be determined however the larvae probably live among the impenetrable tufts of rushes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF9AFFFD92BBD281FD44FCDE" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF9AFFFD92BBD281FD44FCDE" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF9AFFFD92BBD281FEA1FD06" bold="true" box="[199,352,694,719]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species has been reported from almost the whole African continent and Middle East, nevertheless it has been often confused with congeners thus a careful revision of the existing records appears necessary to establish its actual distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF9AFFFD92BBD315FC83FC96" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF9AFFFD92BBD315FC83FC96" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF9AFFFD92BBD315FEFAFCF2" bold="true" box="[199,315,802,827]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF9AFFFD933ED314FE74FCF2" authorityName="Rambur" authorityYear="1842" box="[322,437,802,827]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festivus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF9AFFFD933ED314FE74FCF2" box="[322,437,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="295">A. festivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only member of the genus whose larva is adequately described. The larva is easily recognizable due to the peculiar bicolour pattern of the body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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