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<mods:title id="0A73A13F05F03834D817269182596756">The Larvae of European Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24C1E673C4D23B405149FB8F4AC11DC7">Badano, Davide</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DA9D6FFF8AFFED92EBD363FE6FF8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915237" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183403934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4915237" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA9D6FFF8AFFED92EBD363FE6FF8CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA9D6FFF8AFFED92EBD363FE6FF8CD" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF8AFFED92EBD363FD45FCA7" box="[151,644,852,878]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF8AFFED92EBD363FD45FCA7" blockId="24.[151,644,852,911]" box="[151,644,852,878]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
<heading id="D0849B15FF8AFFED92EBD363FD45FCA7" bold="true" box="[151,644,852,878]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF8AFFED92EBD363FD45FCA7" ID-CoL="72932" authority="(Charpentier, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,644,852,878]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED92EBD363FD45FCA7" bold="true" box="[151,644,852,878]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED92EBD363FE49FCA7" bold="true" box="[151,392,852,878]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Libelloides ictericus</emphasis>
(Charpentier, 1825)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF8AFFED92EBD341FCB0FC35" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF8AFFED92EBD341FF38FC46" blockId="24.[151,644,852,911]" box="[151,249,886,911]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
(
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF8AFFED92E3D341FF30FC46" box="[159,241,886,911]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,249,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[229,1362,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-52@25.[219,1368,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Libelloides ictericus (Charpentier, 1825), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, St. Paul et Valmalle). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; ac: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915223/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF8AFFED92EBD389FCB0FC35" blockId="24.[151,1437,958,1796]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
As for other congeners, the first exhaustive description of the larvae of this species was realized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF8AFFED968ED388FA5DFC1E" author="Rousset, A." box="[1266,1436,958,983]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" pagination="164 - 178" refId="ref17391" refString="Rousset, A. (1973) Morphologie externe et caracteres distinctifs des larves de trois especes d'Ascalaphes [Nevropteres, Planipennes]. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 78, 164 - 178." type="journal article" year="1973">Rousset (1973)</bibRefCitation>
while older accounts are doubtful (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF8AFFED9060D3D4FD7EFC35" author="Xambeu, P." box="[540,703,995,1020]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" pagination="79 - 129" refId="ref17837" refString="Xambeu, P. (1903) Moeurs et metamorphoses des insectes. Annales de la Societe Linneene de Lyon, 50, 79 - 129." type="journal article" year="1903">Xambeu 1903</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF8AFFED90B7D3D4FCA4FC35" author="Lacroix, J. L." box="[715,869,995,1020]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" pagination="65 - 100" refId="ref16539" refString="Lacroix, J. L. (1923) Faune des Planipennes de France. Ascalaphidae. Bulletin de la Societe d'Etude des Sciences Naturelles d'Elbeuf, 41, 65 - 100." type="journal article" year="1923">Lacroix 1923</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF8AFFED92BBD43FFE3CFB8F" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF8AFFED92BBD43FFE3CFB8F" blockId="24.[151,1437,958,1796]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
Examined specimens.
<materialsCitation id="3B1B2624FF8AFFED93ABD43FFE38FB8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319797305" collectingDate="2011-06" collectorName="D. Badano" country="France" county="Valmalle" location="Herault" municipality="Saint Paul" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED93ABD43FFDF3FBE8" bold="true" box="[471,562,1032,1057]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
<collectingCountry id="F3646CE9FF8AFFED93ABD43FFDECFBE8" box="[471,557,1032,1057]" name="France" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">France</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EAC7AA2FF8AFFED9042D43FFD54FBE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA9D6FFF8AFFED92EBD363FE6FF8CD:8EAC7AA2FF8AFFED9042D43FFD54FBE8" box="[574,661,1032,1057]" country="France" county="Valmalle" municipality="Saint Paul" name="Herault" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Hérault</location>
, 28 L3 laboratory-reared from a female collected at
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA8B603FF8AFFED977AD43FFABCFBE8" box="[1286,1405,1032,1057]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Saint Paul</collectingMunicipality>
et
<collectingCounty id="62AD54F5FF8AFFED92EBD41AFF3FFB8F" box="[151,254,1069,1094]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Valmalle</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="FFCD0AB9FF8AFFED9374D41AFEA5FB8F" box="[264,356,1069,1094]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" value="2011-06">
<collectingDate id="EF89F351FF8AFFED9374D41AFEA5FB8F" box="[264,356,1069,1094]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" value="2011-06">VI.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectorName id="268649AFFF8AFFED9308D41AFE30FB8F" box="[372,497,1069,1094]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">D. Badano</collectorName>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF8AFFED92BBD463FC08F9EE" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF8AFFED92BBD463FE19FA70" blockId="24.[151,1437,958,1796]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED92BBD463FDF1FBA4" bold="true" box="[199,560,1106,1133]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
Description of 3
<superScript id="7C068131FF8AFFED93FAD465FE54FBA9" attach="left" box="[390,405,1106,1120]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">rd</superScript>
instar larva.
</emphasis>
Size (based on
<specimenCount id="9D75E7F0FF8AFFED9098D463FC43FBA4" box="[740,898,1108,1133]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
): BL
<quantity id="4C8B819CFF8AFFED91BDD463FBF6FBA5" box="[961,1079,1108,1133]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.60 mm</quantity>
; HL
<quantity id="4C8B819CFF8AFFED960CD463FB15FBA5" box="[1136,1236,1108,1133]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="2.36">2.36 mm</quantity>
(2.152.56), HW
<quantity id="4C8B819CFF8AFFED92EBD44EFF3EFB58" box="[151,255,1145,1170]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.67" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="2.67">2.67 mm</quantity>
(2.382.95), ML
<quantity id="4C8B819CFF8AFFED93AED44EFDFBFB58" box="[466,570,1145,1170]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="2.61">2.61 mm</quantity>
(2.422.94), HW/HL 1.13, ML/HL 1.10. General colouring greyish ochre mottled with brown, dorsal side with a median paler stripe, ventral side of the body pale mottled with grey; dorsal side of the head capsule dark brown, darker anteriorly and with paler areas on the sides, ventral side of the head brown with a darker anterior area on the mouthparts and with a pale marking on the labium, mandibles brown with paler teeth; legs with dark brown coxae and paler femora, tibiae and tarsi; setae of the body black. Head wider than long, dilated posteriorly; mandibles longer than the head capsule (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF8AFFED9190D506FB99FA83" box="[1004,1112,1329,1354]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,249,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[229,1362,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-52@25.[219,1368,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Libelloides ictericus (Charpentier, 1825), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, St. Paul et Valmalle). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; ac: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915223/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Fig. 14a</figureCitation>
); interdental pseudo-teeth: (45)(23)(1) (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF8AFFED933ED561FE67FAA6" box="[322,422,1366,1391]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,249,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[229,1362,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-52@25.[219,1368,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Libelloides ictericus (Charpentier, 1825), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, St. Paul et Valmalle). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; ac: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915223/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Fig. 14b</figureCitation>
); external margin of the mandible with short setae. Pronotum brown with darker stripes; mesothoracic spiracles ochre with a dark apex. Abdominal spiracles dark brown; IX sternite completely pale without markings (
<figureCitation id="134830FCFF8AFFED9317D597FE0DFA70" box="[363,460,1440,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,249,1958,1980]" captionTargetBox="[229,1362,193,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-52@25.[219,1368,193,1934]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Libelloides ictericus (Charpentier, 1825), 3rd instar larva (France: Hérault, St. Paul et Valmalle). Dorsal (above), ventral (middle) and lateral (below) view; ac: diagnostic characters, see species description." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4915223" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4915223/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Fig. 14c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF8AFFED92BBD5F3FC08F9EE" blockId="24.[151,1437,958,1796]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED92BBD5F3FE96FA14" bold="true" box="[199,343,1476,1501]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Bio-ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF8AFFED9321D5F1FE1BFA14" baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[349,474,1478,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED9321D5F1FE1BFA14" box="[349,474,1478,1501]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">L. ictericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in open arid environments with herbaceous vegetation. In southern
<collectingCountry id="F3646CE9FF8AFFED975DD5F2FAACFA15" box="[1313,1389,1477,1500]" name="France" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">France</collectingCountry>
this ascalaphid is a typical lowland species, while in North Africa it can attain mountainous altitudes (H.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE25188FF8AFFED977BD5DEFF12F9EE" author="Aspock, H. &amp; Aspock, U. &amp; Holzel, H." pageId="24" pageNumber="311" refId="ref15298" refString="Aspock, H., Aspock, U. &amp; Holzel, H. (1980) Die Neuropteren Europas. Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung der Systematik, Okologie und Chorologie der Neuropteroidea (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Planipennia) Europas. Goecke and Evers, Krefeld, Germany, 495 + 355 pp." type="book" year="1980">
Aspöck
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED9718D5DDFA5DF9CB" box="[1380,1436,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">et al.</emphasis>
1980
</bibRefCitation>
). The larvae live on the soil surface, hiding among herbs and rocks.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF8AFFED92BBD604FF2AF9B9" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF8AFFED92BBD604FF2AF9B9" blockId="24.[151,1437,958,1796]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED92BBD604FEA1F985" bold="true" box="[199,352,1587,1612]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
Western Mediterranean faunal element known for North Africa, Iberian Peninsula and southern
<collectingCountry id="F3646CE9FF8AFFED92EBD66EFF26F9B9" box="[151,231,1625,1648]" name="France" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">France</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3697FF2FF8AFFED92BBD64BFE6FF8CD" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCC2C79FF8AFFED92BBD64BFE6FF8CD" blockId="24.[151,1437,958,1796]" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED92BBD64BFEFAF95C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1660,1685]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
The larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF8AFFED938CD649FDB2F95C" baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[496,627,1662,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED938CD649FDB2F95C" box="[496,627,1662,1685]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">L. ictericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from the other
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF8AFFED9101D64BFB97F95C" box="[893,1110,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED9101D64BFC3BF95C" box="[893,1018,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Libelloides</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
for the completely pale IX abdominal sternite. Moreover, most of the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF8AFFED916AD695FC55F970" baseAuthorityName="Charpentier" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[790,916,1698,1721]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ictericus">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED916AD695FC55F970" box="[790,916,1698,1721]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">L. ictericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 1 pseudo-tooth between the median and apical teeth in both mandibles while the frequency of this bristle in the other
<taxonomicName id="4C7357FAFF8AFFED9668D6F1FB2AF916" box="[1044,1259,1734,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Libelloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B907F06BFF8AFFED9668D6F1FB50F916" box="[1044,1169,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="311">Libelloides</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
is significantly lower in both mandibles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>