587 lines
69 KiB
XML
587 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7800918" ID-ZooBank="9EF23FE9-DDD8-46D4-A275-09A35243BF30" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="3" checkinTime="1680677550347" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Richards, Stephen J., Donnellan, Stephen C. & Oliver, Paul M." docDate="2023" docId="03D60841A02FFFEF37CFFF78C3CBF8C9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5263.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5263 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Litoria daraiensis Richards & Donnellan & Oliver 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="157" masterDocId="FFEF7039A02CFFE93758FFA7C117FF84" masterDocTitle="Five new species of the pelodryadid genus Litoria Tschudi from the southern versant of Papua New Guinea’s Central Cordillera, with observations on the diversification of reproductive strategies in Melanesian treefrogs" masterLastPageNumber="190" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1681154595770" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Five new species of the pelodryadid genus Litoria Tschudi from the southern versant of Papua New Guinea’s Central Cordillera, with observations on the diversification of reproductive strategies in Melanesian treefrogs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-0251-3884</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">steve.richards@samuseum.sa.gov.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Donnellan, Stephen C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oliver, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Brisbane, Queensland 4121, and Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101 Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5263</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>151</mods:start>
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<mods:end>190</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7800918</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9EF23FE9-DDD8-46D4-A275-09A35243BF30</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1197,223,358]" box="[151,474,223,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,474,223,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,366,223,250]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,366,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[380,474,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1197,223,358]" box="[151,406,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Darai Plateau Treefrog</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1197,223,358]" box="[151,248,295,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<figureCitation box="[151,248,295,321]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,246,637,661]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1109,1133]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1428,727,1079]" captionTargetId-0="figure-118@4.[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@5.[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetId-2="figure-46@5.[154,1433,721,1085]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71675), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. in life, A) holotype (SAMA R71675), B) paratype (SAMA R71676). Photos by S. Richards" captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Wave form (amplitude over time; top) and spectrogram (frequency over time; bottom) of an advertisement call of Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. (SAMA R71676) recorded at an air temperature of 22.6°C, containing 11 distinctly pulsed notes." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800920" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800922" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800924" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7800920/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7800922/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7800924/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1197,223,358]" box="[151,1197,331,358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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https://zoobank.org/
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,403,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-07-23" collectionCode="SAMA, FN, JCUNQ, SJR" collectorName="S. Richards." country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="435" latitude="-7.1295" location="Darai Plateau" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="143.6134" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" specimenCode="R71675" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gulf" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<typeStatus box="[151,262,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[273,352,403,429]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode box="[359,447,403,430]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">R71675</specimenCode>
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(
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<collectionCode box="[461,602,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">FN JCUNQ</collectionCode>
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[
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<collectionCode box="[608,655,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">SJR</collectionCode>
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]3136), adult female,
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1052,1211,403,429]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Gulf Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1222,1436,403,430]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[278,415,439,465]" degrees="143.6134" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" precision="5" value="143.6134">143.6134°E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity box="[426,497,439,466]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="m" value="435.0">435 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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) on
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<date box="[608,752,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" value="2003-07-23">
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<collectingDate box="[608,752,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" value="2003-07-23">23 July 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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by
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||
<collectorName box="[794,931,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">S. Richards.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,403,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<materialsCitation box="[199,871,475,501]" collectionCode="SAMA, FN, JCUNQ, SJR" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" specimenCode="R71676" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,402,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<typeStatus box="[199,308,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Paratype</typeStatus>
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(n = 1).
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</emphasis>
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||
<collectionCode box="[412,491,475,501]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34982" name="South Australia Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="Museum">SAMA</collectionCode>
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||
<specimenCode box="[499,588,475,501]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">R71676</specimenCode>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode box="[603,746,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">FN JCUNQ</collectionCode>
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||
[
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||
<collectionCode box="[753,800,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">SJR</collectionCode>
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||
]3181)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2003-07-25" collectionCode="SJR" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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adult male, same location and collector details as for
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<typeStatus box="[191,289,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">holotype</typeStatus>
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except collected on
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||
<date box="[519,668,511,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" value="2003-07-25">
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||
<collectingDate box="[519,668,511,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" value="2003-07-25">25 July 2003</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,403,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[326,525,547,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[326,525,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[529,616,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[529,616,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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is distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Tyler & Davies" authorityYear="1978" box="[950,1028,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[950,1028,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Litoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following unique combination of characters: size small (SVL of
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<specimenCount box="[539,642,583,610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
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<quantity box="[652,756,583,610]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="23.9">23.9 mm</quantity>
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||
, of
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||
<specimenCount box="[802,927,583,610]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
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<quantity box="[937,1043,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="30.2">30.2 mm</quantity>
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); dorsum in life brown with green spots; vomerine teeth absent; finger webbing extensive, reaching nearly to distal subarticular tubercle on inside edge of Finger 4; prominent dermal fold along outer edge of foot; advertisement call a harsh chattering sound lasting 0.35–
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[296,363,691,718]" degrees="0.37" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" precision="555" value="-0.37">0.37 s</geoCoordinate>
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containing 10–11 distinctly pulsed notes produced at 27–29 notes/s with dominant frequency at 3400–3600 Hz; and is genetically diagnosable from
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<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[734,850,727,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[734,850,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">L. gracilis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[856,945,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[856,945,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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at 46 sites in the 787 base pair alignment of mitochondrial
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<emphasis box="[315,369,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">ND4</emphasis>
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gene and flanking tRNA (
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<tableCitation box="[662,746,763,789]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,467,493]" captionTargetBox="[151,2022,539,1721]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diagnostic sites from the ND4 alignment for species diagnoses. A) Litoria naispela sp. nov. versus L. singadanae; B) L. nigropunctata, L. daraiensis sp. nov., L. gracilis sp. nov., C) L. lisae sp. nov., L. haematogaster sp. nov., L. majikthise. Sites are numbered according to the alignment used in the phylogenetic analysis. A) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 0 0 2 5 8 8 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 0 1 2 2 3 5 5 8 8 9 0 1 1 4 4 5 6 8 9 0 1 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 6 1 1 6 5 5 8 3 0 0 1 3 6 6 1 3 2 7 0 5 9 0 2 4 1 0 4 2 7 9 9 2 8 1 7 3 5 8 2 7 6 7 5 5 7 1 L. n A T G T T A G C T G A G A T C G C A T A A G G T C G A C T T G A C A G C T T T C A T T C T C T C L. s G C A C C G T T C A G A A C T A T T C T G A A C T A A T C G A G T G A T C C C T G C C T C T C T B) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 1 1 2 3 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 1 4 5 1 2 6 8 9 6 3 9 3 5 4 5 0 5 5 9 5 8 1 8 3 6 3 6 7 0 1 2 5 8 2 L. n C C C A T G C C G A A T C C C T T T A T T T T A A A C A A C C G C G L. g T C C G C C C T A C/T T C T T C T C T C/T C T C/T C T T A C/T G A T T G A A L. d T T T G C T C T A T A C T T T C C C T A C T T T T G T G A C T A A A" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,403,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,483,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
Description of
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||
<typeStatus box="[373,478,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
An adult female containing large (
|
||
<quantity box="[865,1001,799,826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
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||
diameter), predominantly yellow eggs. Body slender; limbs moderately long (TL/SVL 0.52); head moderately narrow (HW/SVL 0.30), slightly narrower than length (HL/SVL 0.31, HW/HL 0.96). Vomerine teeth absent. Tongue large, narrowly oval, with distinct posterior notch. Snout broadly rounded in dorsal view (
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||
<figureCitation box="[781,871,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-118@4.[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71675), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800920/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
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), steep, bluntly rounded in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1333,1421,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-118@4.[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71675), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800920/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
); canthus rostralis short, strongly curved and broadly rounded; loreal region sloping, slightly concave; lips slightly flared; nostrils much closer to tip of snout than eyes, oriented laterally; internarial distance greater than distance from external naris to eye (EN/IN 0.93); eyes small (EYE/SVL 0.11), but protruding in dorsal and ventral views; pupil horizontal, pigmentation on nictitating membrane restricted to narrow band along dorsal edge; tympanum moderately large (TYM/SVL 0.05), nearly one-half diameter of eye (TYM/EYE = 0.48), ventral 2/3 extremely prominent, dorsal one third obscured by thick, slightly curved supratympanic ridge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,403,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
Skin of dorsum and dorsal surfaces of limbs finely shagreened; throat ridged anteriorly, becoming coarsely granular posteriorly; chest and abdomen coarsely granular; ventral surfaces of limbs mostly smooth except proximal 2/3 distance along posteroventral margins of thighs with numerous tubercles; dense cluster of prominent white tubercles below vent forms short transverse ridge then tubercles extend distally about
|
||
<quantity box="[1114,1200,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
along posteroventral margins of each thigh, losing white colour and becoming translucent distally. A prominent crenulated white dermal fold, nearly unbroken, along outer edge of foot, extending from heel to distal subarticular tubercle on Toe 5; row of small pale tubercles along outer edge of forearm grades into distinct low crenulated fold along outer edge of hand reaching distal subarticular tubercle on Finger 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,403,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
Fingers moderately short with expanded terminal discs (3FD/SVL 0.05; 3FD/3FP 1.36) with distinct marginal grooves; distal subarticular tubercles strongly bilobed; proximal tubercle unilobed; relative lengths of fingers 3>4>2>1 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[270,358,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-118@4.[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71675), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800920/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Webbing on inside of Finger 4 reaching half-way between distal subarticular tubercle and disc on left hand, but not reaching distal tubercle on right hand, before extending to disc as fleshy fringe; on outside of Finger 3 reaching to base of distal subarticular tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[827,915,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-118@4.[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71675), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800920/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); on inside of Finger 3 reaching to just above proximal subarticular tubercle and on outside of Finger 2 reaching to base of disc; webbing only a basal fringe between fingers 1 and 2. Hand with low, oval inner and narrow oval outer, metacarpal tubercles. Toes with expanded terminal discs (4TD/4TP 1.18) with terminal grooves, discs on toes smaller than those on fingers (3FD/4TD 1.15), relative lengths of toes 4>5=3>2>1 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[573,665,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-118@4.[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71675), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800920/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Webbing on inside of Toe 5 reaches nearly to disc, on both sides of Toe 4 to base of distal subarticular tubercle, on outside of Toe 3 to beyond halfway between distal subarticular tubercle and base of disc, on inside of Toe 3 to base of distal tubercle, on outside of Toe 2 nearly to base of disc, on inside of Toe 2 to proximal tubercle and on outside of Toe 1 to distal tubercle. Foot with prominent narrow, elongate inner metatarsal tubercle, outer tubercle barely detectable (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[810,899,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-118@4.[162,1425,414,1874]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. holotype (SAMA R71675), A) dorsal and B) lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm), C) palmar view of hand, D) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800920/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,403,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="155" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,354,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Colour in life</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[371,464,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,246,637,661]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. in life, A) holotype (SAMA R71675), B) paratype (SAMA R71676). Photos by S. Richards" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800922/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsum pale, green-tinged ivory with green spots and flecks across dorsal surfaces including limbs; dark-brown pigmentation aggregated into small patches on limbs and lateral surfaces; a large patch of brown pigmentation laterally behind axillae, and another on head where it forms broad ‘V’ shape mark between eyes. Ventral surfaces white anteriorly with clumps of brown pigment near angle of jaws, yellow posteriorly and on hidden surfaces of limbs. Dermal folds on limbs and tubercles on limbs and around vent white. Iris ivory with brown reticulations, narrow yellow rim surrounding pupil. Hands and feet translucent, with dense brown spotting and small patches of green dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,463,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Colour in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
In preservative dorsal surfaces pale milky blue with scattered darker blue and brown flecks, ventral surfaces of legs pale yellow, tubercles on limbs white, ventral surfaces of hands and feet translucent white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7800920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800920/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" startId="4.[151,250,1901,1925]" targetBox="[162,1425,414,1874]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1901,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[282,465,1901,1925]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[282,465,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[471,552,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[471,552,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (SAMA R71675),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[843,861,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">A</emphasis>
|
||
) dorsal and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[988,1013,1901,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">B)</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of head (scale bars = 5 mm),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,169,1937,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">C</emphasis>
|
||
) palmar view of hand,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[406,424,1937,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">D</emphasis>
|
||
) plantar view of foot (scale bars = 1 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7800922" box="[151,1429,637,662]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800922/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" startId="5.[151,246,637,661]" targetBox="[162,1426,181,613]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1429,637,662]" box="[151,1429,637,662]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,264,637,661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[276,451,637,661]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[276,451,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[457,535,637,661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[457,535,637,661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in life,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[611,629,637,661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">A</emphasis>
|
||
) holotype (SAMA R71675),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[914,930,637,661]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">B</emphasis>
|
||
) paratype (SAMA R71676). Photos by S. Richards
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7800924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800924/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" startId="5.[151,250,1109,1133]" targetBox="[159,1428,727,1079]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,1109,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,269,1109,1133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Wave form (amplitude over time; top) and spectrogram (frequency over time; bottom) of an advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,334,1145,1169]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,334,1145,1169]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[340,420,1145,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[340,420,1145,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(SAMA R71676) recorded at an air temperature of 22.6°C, containing 11 distinctly pulsed notes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1215,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,598,1215,1242]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[398,494,1215,1241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(in mm).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 30.2; TL 15.8; HL 9.5; HW 9.1; EYE 3.3; TYM 1.6; EN 2.7; IN 2.9; 4TD 1.3; 4TP 1.1; 3FD 1.5; 3FP 1.1; TL/SVL 0.52; HW/HL 0.96; TYM/EYE 0.48; EN/IN 0.93; 3FD/4TD 1.15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1215,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,319,1287,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The sole
|
||
<typeStatus box="[435,531,1288,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is an adult male. It differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[957,1055,1287,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in its smaller size (SVL 23.9 vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[151,256,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="30.2">30.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), broader tongue (nearly round without posterior notch vs. narrowly oval with posterior notch), presence of small, pale brown, finely granular nuptial pads on Finger 1, and of long vocal slits located laterally in floor of mouth extending from approximately angle of jaws halfway to front of mouth. Colour of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1156,1252,1396,1422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1342,1428,1395,1422]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,246,637,661]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. in life, A) holotype (SAMA R71675), B) paratype (SAMA R71676). Photos by S. Richards" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800922/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs from
|
||
<typeStatus box="[294,392,1431,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in having dorsal and lateral surfaces ivory overlain by dense stippling of dark brown, green spots larger, more extensive on head, tending to coalesce on snout such that snout is substantially green; ‘V’ shaped brown pigment patch on head present but less well defined than on
|
||
<typeStatus box="[904,1006,1503,1529]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Brown venation on iris finer than that of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[182,283,1539,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, with several small brown pigment patches present (vs. absent) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1005,1074,1539,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,246,637,661]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@5.[162,1426,181,613]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. in life, A) holotype (SAMA R71675), B) paratype (SAMA R71676). Photos by S. Richards" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800922/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1215,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,496,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[396,496,1576,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: SVL 23.9; TL 13.1; HL 8.0; HW 7.1; EYE 3.0; TYM 1.1; EN 2.1; IN 2.4; 4TD 1.0; 4TP 0.8; 3FD 1.2; 3FP 0.8; TL/SVL 0.55; HW/HL 0.89; TYM/EYE 0.37; EN/IN 0.88; 3FD/4TD 1.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1215,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,431,1647,1674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Advertisement call.</emphasis>
|
||
Two calls produced by the male
|
||
<typeStatus box="[807,903,1648,1674]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
at an air temperature of 22.6°C were recorded. They comprised a series of 11 and 10 harsh, distinctly pulsed chattering notes lasting 0.35 and
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1210,1277,1684,1710]" degrees="0.37" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="555" value="-0.37">0.37 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1292,1361,1683,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1109,1133]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,727,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[154,1433,721,1085]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wave form (amplitude over time; top) and spectrogram (frequency over time; bottom) of an advertisement call of Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. (SAMA R71676) recorded at an air temperature of 22.6°C, containing 11 distinctly pulsed notes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800924/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Note lengths for both calls combined were
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[575,637,1720,1746]" degrees="0.011" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="55" value="0.011">0.011</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[636,714,1720,1746]" degrees="0.023" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="55" value="-0.023">
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[651,714,1720,1746]" degrees="0.023" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="55" value="-0.023">0.023</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
s (mean = 0.018, SD = 0.002, n = 21) and notes contained 4–12 pulses (mean = 9.3, SD = 1.71, n = 20; pulses were insufficiently resolved to count in one note). However only one note contained 4 pulses, the remainder contained 7–11 pulses. Pulse rate within notes was 300–647 pulses/s (mean = 484.65, SD = 71.46, n = 20) and notes within calls were produced at a rate of 27–29 notes/s with dominant frequency at 3400 and 3600 Hz for the two calls. A single call containing 11 notes is illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1131,1198,1863,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1109,1133]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,727,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-46@5.[154,1433,721,1085]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wave form (amplitude over time; top) and spectrogram (frequency over time; bottom) of an advertisement call of Litoria daraiensis sp. nov. (SAMA R71676) recorded at an air temperature of 22.6°C, containing 11 distinctly pulsed notes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800924/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,1215,2034]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,150,1869]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,365,1899,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
In its small size (male SVL
|
||
<quantity box="[689,792,1900,1926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="23.9">23.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female
|
||
<quantity box="[888,993,1900,1926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="30.2">30.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
), slender body, green and brown dorsal colour, extensively webbed fingers, and lacking a rostral spike,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[868,1071,1935,1961]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[868,1071,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1078,1168,1936,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1078,1168,1936,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
most closely resembles the following eight species:
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan, 2020" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[478,920,1971,1998]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis box="[478,576,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">L. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richards, S. J. & Donnellan, S. C." box="[586,920,1971,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="323 - 335" refId="ref24999" refString="Richards, S. J. & Donnellan, S. C. (2020) Litoria aplini sp. nov., a new species of treefrog (Pelodryadidae) from Papua New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum, 72, 323 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 2201 - 4349.72.2020.1729" type="journal article" year="2020">Richards & Donnellan, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Tyler, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[934,1165,1971,1997]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[934,1003,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">L. iris</emphasis>
|
||
(Tyler, 1962)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Johnston & Richards, 1994" authorityName="Johnston & Richards" authorityYear="1994" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majikthise">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1179,1327,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">L. majikthise</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Johnston, G. R. & Richards, S. J." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="273 - 279" refId="ref23688" refString="Johnston, G. R. & Richards, S. J. (1994) A new species of Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from New Guinea and a redefinition of Litoria leucova (Tyler, 1968). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37, 273 - 279." type="journal article" year="1994">Johnston & Richards, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Meyer, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[378,748,2007,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigropunctata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,394,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[412,570,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">nigropunctata</emphasis>
|
||
(Meyer, 1875)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dennis & Cunningham, 2006" authorityName="Dennis & Cunningham" authorityYear="2006" box="[764,1258,2007,2034]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[764,900,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">L. richardsi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dennis, A. J. & Cunningham, M. J." box="[911,1258,2007,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="65 - 69" refId="ref23205" refString="Dennis, A. J. & Cunningham, M. J. (2006) Litoria richardsi sp. nov., a new treefrog (Anura: Hylidae) from New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 52, 65 - 69." type="journal article" year="2006">Dennis & Cunningham, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards, 2005" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="2005" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="157" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="singadanae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1273,1436,2007,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">L. singadanae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richards, S. J." box="[151,324,150,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref24883" refString="Richards, S. J. (2005) A new species of treefrog (Anura: Hylidae: Litoria) from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa, 1052 (1), 29 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1052.1.3" type="journal article" year="2005">Richards, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gunther, 2004" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[335,647,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umarensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[335,479,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. umarensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gunther, R." box="[486,647,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="163 - 175" refId="ref23421" refString="Gunther, R. (2004) Two new treefrog species of the genus Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from the west of New Guinea. Zoologische Abhandlungen. Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 54, 163 - 175." type="journal article" year="2004">Günther, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gunther, 2004" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[702,966,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[702,793,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. verae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gunther, R." box="[801,966,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="163 - 175" refId="ref23421" refString="Gunther, R. (2004) Two new treefrog species of the genus Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from the west of New Guinea. Zoologische Abhandlungen. Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 54, 163 - 175." type="journal article" year="2004">Günther, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Richards, S. J. & Donnellan, S. C." box="[976,1310,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="323 - 335" refId="ref24999" refString="Richards, S. J. & Donnellan, S. C. (2020) Litoria aplini sp. nov., a new species of treefrog (Pelodryadidae) from Papua New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum, 72, 323 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 2201 - 4349.72.2020.1729" type="journal article" year="2020">Richards & Donnellan (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a comprehensive table comparing morphological and acoustic features among all these species except
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1251,1437,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigropunctata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1251,1267,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1279,1437,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">nigropunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[197,339,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umarensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,213,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[225,339,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">umarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and we draw upon that table in the comparisons presented below.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[1067,1268,223,249]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1067,1268,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1273,1361,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1273,1361,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is also morphologically similar to the other four new species formally described in this paper and is compared with them in the subsequent species accounts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[199,403,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,403,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[412,504,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[412,504,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards & Donnellan" authorityYear="2020" box="[658,754,331,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aplini">
|
||
<emphasis box="[658,754,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. aplini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller body size (an adult male
|
||
<quantity box="[1219,1321,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="23.9">23.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs. males
|
||
<quantity box="[151,313,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.51" metricValueMin="3.19" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="35.1" valueMin="31.9">31.9–35.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL), less prominent dermal fold along outer edges of limbs, hidden surfaces of limbs predominantly yellow (vs. predominantly blue with dark-brown mottling), and advertisement call a series of 10–11 distinctly pulsed chattering notes (vs. advertisement call a short buzz normally followed by 1–7 clicks); from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[1295,1364,439,464]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1295,1364,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. iris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller size (male
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Tyler" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[363,430,475,500]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[363,430,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. iris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<quantity box="[438,560,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="25.0">25–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL), hidden surfaces of limbs predominantly yellow (vs. posterior of thighs blue, red, or yellow, frequently blotched with white or purple), violet spots in axilla and groin absent (vs. present) and advertisement call a series of 10–11 distinctly pulsed chattering notes (vs. advertisement call a series of up to 10 notes of variable length, with long notes preceding or following short notes); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johnston & Richards" authorityYear="1994" box="[1129,1275,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majikthise">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1129,1275,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. majikthise</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller size (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Johnston & Richards" authorityYear="1994" box="[210,353,619,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="majikthise">
|
||
<emphasis box="[210,226,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,353,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">majikthise</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males
|
||
<quantity box="[430,550,618,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL), having posterior surfaces of thighs yellow (vs. uniform red), by lacking a pearl-white post-ocular bar (vs. present), lacking violet patches on posteroventral surfaces of abdomen (vs. present) and advertisement call a series of 10–11 distinctly pulsed chattering notes (vs. advertisement call a single long (0.29–
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[223,293,727,753]" degrees="0.36" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" precision="555" value="-0.36">0.36 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) or short (
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[417,481,727,753]" degrees="0.026" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="0.026">0.026</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[481,561,727,753]" degrees="0.080" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="-0.08">–0.080</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) note); from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[716,906,727,753]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigropunctata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[716,732,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[748,906,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">nigropunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller size (male SVL 23.9 vs.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="29.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="27.0">27–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Menzies, J. I." box="[213,378,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="291 - 300" refId="ref24254" refString="Menzies, J. I. (1972) Papuan tree frogs of the Litoria nigropunctata group. Herpetologica, 28, 291 - 300." type="journal article" year="1972">Menzies 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Menzies, J." box="[392,452,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refId="ref24333" refString="Menzies, J. (2006) The frogs of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia. [unknown pagination]" type="book" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gunther, R." box="[467,629,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="163 - 175" refId="ref23421" refString="Gunther, R. (2004) Two new treefrog species of the genus Litoria (Anura: Hylidae) from the west of New Guinea. Zoologische Abhandlungen. Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 54, 163 - 175." type="journal article" year="2004">Günther 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), dermal folds along outer margins of tarsi well developed, distinctly crenulated (vs. dermal folds forming low dermal ridge), and advertisement call a series of 10–11 distinctly pulsed chattering notes (vs. advertisement call comprising an irregular succession of clicks and buzzes;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Menzies, J. I." box="[1259,1423,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="291 - 300" refId="ref24254" refString="Menzies, J. I. (1972) Papuan tree frogs of the Litoria nigropunctata group. Herpetologica, 28, 291 - 300." type="journal article" year="1972">Menzies 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dennis & Cunningham" authorityYear="2006" box="[216,351,871,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[216,351,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. richardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="2005" box="[412,574,871,897]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="singadanae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[412,574,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. singadanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a smaller (TYM/EYE 0.37–0.48 vs. 0.65–0.81), pigmented (vs. substantially transparent) tympanum, and further from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dennis & Cunningham" authorityYear="2006" box="[772,904,907,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[772,904,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. richardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking (vs. having) irregular black lines on dorsum and extensive black markings ventrolaterally, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="2005" box="[858,1016,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="singadanae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,1016,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. singadanae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking (vs. having) extensive area of orange on posteroventral surfaces in life; from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[725,871,979,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umarensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[725,871,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. umarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size (male SVL 23.9 vs.
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.83" metricValueMax="3.03" metricValueMin="2.63" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="28.3" valueMax="30.3" valueMin="26.3">26.3–30.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL), posterior surfaces of thighs yellow (vs. brown), dorsum brown with green spots (vs. normally uniform green) and advertisement call a series of 10–11 distinctly pulsed chattering notes (vs. advertisement call comprising 1–5, normally 2–3, notes); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2004" box="[567,659,1087,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[567,659,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. verae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size (male SVL 23.9 vs.
|
||
<quantity box="[1099,1221,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="34.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="33.0">33–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL), lacking (vs. having) small brown spots aligned transversely on dorsum and lacking (vs. having) extensive area of orange on posteroventral surfaces in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,501,1194,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[509,712,1195,1221]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[509,712,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[720,811,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[720,811,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is currently known from a single location on the Darai Plateau in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[269,429,1231,1257]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Gulf Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[544,760,1231,1257]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[775,844,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,676,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-179@9.[151,1436,676,1716]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map showing the distributions of Litoria species newly described species in this paper, and Litoria singadanae from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guniea. Blue square = Litoria daraiensis sp. nov., yellow triangle = Litoria gracilis sp. nov., red circle = Litoria haematogaster sp. nov., pale blue circles = Litoria lisae sp. nov., pink diamond = Litoria naispela sp. nov. and purple diamond = Litoria singadanae. Arrows indicate the type localities for Litoria gracilis sp. nov. and Litoria lisae sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800926/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The Darai Plateau is an extensive area of limestone karst in the Kikori River Basin and forms part of the Great Papuan Plateau. Both specimens were found in primary foothill rainforest. The female was perched at a height of 1.0 m on foliage over a small forest pool at night. The male was calling at night from a leaf
|
||
<quantity box="[568,632,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="2.3">2.3 m</quantity>
|
||
high in a swampy area with a number of small forest pools. The female contains large (
|
||
<quantity box="[320,454,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter) predominantly yellow eggs that are slightly but distinctly darker on the animal pole. It is likely that this species lays its eggs on leaves overhanging forest pools because the female contains large, pale eggs like those of some other arboreal-breeding species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Menzies, J." box="[841,1003,1447,1473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="225 - 255" refId="ref24280" refString="Menzies, J. (1993) Systematics of Litoria iris (Anura, Hylidae) and its allies in New-Guinea and a note on sexual dimorphism in the group. Australian Journal of Zoology, 41, 225 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9930225" type="journal article" year="1993">Menzies 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but this has not been confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,465,1482,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">IUCN Red List status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[472,675,1483,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[472,675,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Litoria daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[682,772,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[682,772,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known from one locality in the Kikori River Basin (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,676,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-179@9.[151,1436,676,1716]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map showing the distributions of Litoria species newly described species in this paper, and Litoria singadanae from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guniea. Blue square = Litoria daraiensis sp. nov., yellow triangle = Litoria gracilis sp. nov., red circle = Litoria haematogaster sp. nov., pale blue circles = Litoria lisae sp. nov., pink diamond = Litoria naispela sp. nov. and purple diamond = Litoria singadanae. Arrows indicate the type localities for Litoria gracilis sp. nov. and Litoria lisae sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7800926/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), where it occurs within one of the largest remaining areas of relatively undisturbed lowland forest on the island of New
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[211,296,1555,1581]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, logging operations are occurring widely within the lower Kikori basin so until the species’ distribution, habitat requirements and any potential threats are better documented we recommend that it be listed as Data Deficient by the IUCN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1663,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name daraiensis refers to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[715,763,1663,1689]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and only known locality of this species, the Darai Plateau in Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[259,480,1699,1725]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,475,1734,1761]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Molecular divergences.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on analyses of a 787 base pair alignment from the mitochondrial
|
||
<emphasis box="[1277,1331,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">ND4</emphasis>
|
||
gene and flanking tRNA,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[334,482,1771,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daraiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[334,482,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. daraiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[490,580,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[490,580,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver, 2023" authorityName="Richards & Donnellan & Oliver" authorityYear="2023" box="[879,996,1771,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[879,996,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">L. gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1003,1094,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1003,1094,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(average net genetic distance,
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,182,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">dA</emphasis>
|
||
, between the taxa of 0.08,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[487,573,1807,1833]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Average net genetic distances (dA) between new Litoria species described herein and near relatives, based on data from the mitochondrial ND4 gene and flanking tRNA." pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[594,625,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">dA</emphasis>
|
||
between sister species pairs in other groups of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Tyler & Davies" authorityYear="1978" box="[1159,1237,1807,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1159,1237,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Litoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranges from 0.04 to 0.25 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Donnellan, S. C. & Catalano, S. & Pederson, S. & Mitchell, K. & Suhendran, A. & Price, L. C. & Doughty, P. & Richards, S. J." box="[243,491,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="211 - 240" refId="ref23252" refString="Donnellan, S. C., Catalano, S., Pederson, S., Mitchell, K., Suhendran, A., Price, L. C., Doughty, P. & Richards, S. J. (2021) Revision of the Litoria watjulumensis (Anura: Pelodryadidae) group from the Australian monsoonal tropics, including the resurrection of L. spaldingi. Zootaxa, 4933 (2), 211 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4933.2.3" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Donnellan
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,425,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rowley, J. & Mahony, M. J. & Hines, H. B. & Myers, S. & Aplin, K. P. & Price, L. & Donnellan, S. C." box="[502,719,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref25312" refString="Rowley, J., Mahony, M. J., Hines, H. B., Myers, S., Aplin, K. P., Price, L. & Donnellan, S. C. (2021) Two new species from the Litoria rubella species group from eastern Australia. Zootaxa, 5071 (1), 1 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5071.1.1" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Rowley
|
||
<emphasis box="[596,652,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |