634 lines
94 KiB
XML
634 lines
94 KiB
XML
<document id="3CFA89D3D81FCEB75220E9D2FDF1AB7E" ID-CLB-Dataset="273171" ID-DOI="10.1080/08912963.2023.2231955" ID-GBIF-Dataset="989558b6-c060-4567-9a43-117d1bca308c" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10014242" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1697548440671" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Hodnett, John-Paul M., Toomey, Rickard, Olson, Rickard, Tweet, Justin S. & Santucci, Vincent L." docDate="2023" docId="03B13829FF9D4A44FCB5F97FE159FAFF" docLanguage="en" docName="HistBiol.CLXVI.CLXVI.1-11.pdf" docOrigin="Historical Biology 68 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2023.2231955" docTitle="Strigilodus tollesonae subsp. gen Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci 2023" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF884051FF994A43FF88FFF2E40DFFFE" masterDocTitle="Janassid petalodonts (Chondrichthyes, Petalodontiformes, Janassidae) from the middle Mississippian (Viséan) Ste. Genevieve Formation, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1697549908955" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="6A447AAFBE3F46F197504467E2945988">Janassid petalodonts (Chondrichthyes, Petalodontiformes, Janassidae) from the middle Mississippian (Viséan) Ste. Genevieve Formation, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9F44BAC12EA36745373BE32945F89ECE">Hodnett, John-Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="21A9F63B5F5A685C8BE6EA651152E2D6">Tweet, Justin S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BC8E7F6FC86C16E211E692018F3A84B">Santucci, Vincent L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="67A93626FA92EE7A030CC87D3C2CF6DC">Historical Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FFA125735D64CBB8FBAAAFFC561E38B6">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="228F8666230EF38C8A35E254A8AE9038">68</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9D4A47FCB5F97FE020F95A" authorityName="Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[829,1069,1677,1700]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Petalodontiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tollesonae">Strigilodus tollesonae</taxonomicName>
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gen et sp. nov
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, a complete symphyseal tooth
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62012, a lower mediolateral tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9D4A47FB7BF8C7E7F3F897" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9D4A47FB7BF8C7E130F8B2" box="[1267,1341,1845,1868]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">MACA</collectionCode>
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62030, an upper symphyseal tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9D4A47FB99F8A0E1E8F897" box="[1041,1509,1874,1897]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9D4A47FB99F8A0E050F897" box="[1041,1117,1874,1897]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">MACA</collectionCode>
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62055, a upper symphyseal tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9D4A47FCB5F882E126F879" box="[829,1323,1904,1927]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
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62058, an upper symphyseal tooth
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9D4A47FACDF882E19CF879" box="[1349,1425,1904,1927]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">MACA</collectionCode>
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62085, a juvenile upper symphyseal tooth
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9D4A47FB27F87FE0F4F85A" box="[1199,1273,1933,1956]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">MACA</collectionCode>
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62165, a lower mediolateral tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9D4A47FC45F858E19CF83F" box="[973,1425,1962,1985]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9D4A47FC45F858E01AF83F" box="[973,1047,1962,1985]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">MACA</collectionCode>
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62167, an upper symphyseal tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9D4A47FA17F858E0CCF821" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9D4A47FA17F858E1E4F83F" box="[1439,1513,1962,1985]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">MACA</collectionCode>
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62168, a lower mediolateral tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9D4A46FB5DF83AE534FF58" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9D4A47FB5DF83AE12CF821" box="[1237,1313,1992,2015]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">MACA</collectionCode>
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62169, an upper mediolateral tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FEC1FF7DE714FF58" box="[329,793,143,166]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FEC1FF7DE599FF58" box="[329,404,143,166]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
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62170, an upper distolateral tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FFF8FF5FE669FF3A" box="[112,612,173,196]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FFF8FF5FE4B1FF3A" box="[112,188,173,196]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
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62171, an upper symphyseal tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FDF3FF5FE5A1FF1F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FDF3FF5FE6CAFF3A" box="[635,711,173,196]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
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62172, a juvenile distolateral tooth
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FE48FF38E714FF1F" box="[448,793,202,225]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FE48FF38E601FF1F" box="[448,524,202,225]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
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62174, tooth fragment
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FFF8FF15E6CFFF00" box="[112,706,231,254]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FFF8FF15E4B6FF00" box="[112,187,231,254]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
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62175, a fragmentary upper symphyseal tooth
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FD59FF15E5DBFEE2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FD59FF15E711FF00" box="[721,796,231,254]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
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62176, an upper symphyseal tooth
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FE69FEF7E4E2FEC7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FE69FEF7E626FEE2" box="[481,555,261,284]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
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62177, a lower anterolateral tooth
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FF71FED0E714FEC7" box="[249,793,290,313]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
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<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FF71FED0E54EFEC7" box="[249,323,290,313]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
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62179, an upper anterolateral tooth fragment
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FFF8FECDE620FEA8" box="[112,557,319,342]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FFF8FECDE4B7FEA8" box="[112,186,319,342]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
|
||
62179, an upper anterolateral tooth
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FDB0FECDE523FE8A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FDB0FECDE68FFEA8" box="[568,642,319,342]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
|
||
62180, a lower symphyseal tooth
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FEB5FEAFE714FE8A" box="[317,793,349,372]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FEB5FEAFE585FE8A" box="[317,392,349,372]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
|
||
62181, an upper mediolateral tooth
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FFF8FE88E66AFE6F" box="[112,615,378,401]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FFF8FE88E4B1FE6F" box="[112,188,378,401]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
|
||
62182, an upper mediolateral tooth
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B708362FF9C4A46FDF4FE88E575FE50" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0911FAFF9C4A46FDF4FE88E6C5FE6F" box="[636,712,378,401]" country="Macau" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zk8a-ddjh" name="Parque da Reserva de Siac Pai van Coloane Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">MACA</collectionCode>
|
||
62183, a lower distolateral tooth.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9C4A46FFF8FE26E58BFE15" blockId="5.[112,797,468,550]" box="[112,390,468,491]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading id="D0EF3E53FF9C4A46FFF8FE26E58BFE15" bold="true" box="[112,390,468,491]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9C4A46FFF8FE26E58BFE15" bold="true" box="[112,390,468,491]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Type Locality and horizon</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9C4A46FFF8FE00E628FDD8" blockId="5.[112,797,468,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Mammoth Cave National Park, Edmondson County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DC47DDFF9C4A46FD3CFE00E714FDF7" box="[692,793,498,521]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Joppa Member, Ste. Genevieve Formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C302DAB4FF9C4A46FFF8FDBEE54DFD27" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9C4A46FFF8FDBEE4ECFD9D" blockId="5.[112,797,588,729]" box="[112,225,588,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading id="D0EF3E53FF9C4A46FFF8FDBEE4ECFD9D" bold="true" box="[112,225,588,611]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9C4A46FFF8FDBEE4ECFD9D" bold="true" box="[112,225,588,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9C4A46FFF8FD98E54DFD27" blockId="5.[112,797,588,729]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">In honour of Kelli Tolleson, Mammoth Cave National Park guide, educator and cave explorer. Her dedication and exploration helped locate new Mississippian shark localities throughout Mammoth Cave National Park.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C302DAB4FF9C4A46FCB5FF7DE001FE43" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9C4A46FCB5FF7DE7A4FF58" blockId="5.[829,937,143,166]" box="[829,937,143,166]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading id="D0EF3E53FF9C4A46FCB5FF7DE7A4FF58" bold="true" box="[829,937,143,166]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9C4A46FCB5FF7DE7A4FF58" bold="true" box="[829,937,143,166]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9C4A46FCB5FF4EE001FE43" blockId="5.[829,1514,188,445]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Small teeth, sigmoidal in mesiodistal view, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE024DAFF9C4A46FAB3FF4EE189FF2D" box="[1339,1412,188,211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in crown height. Apical cusp is orally directed and spoon-shaped. Mediolateral and distolateral teeth have minute cusplets on edge of carina. Small labial ridge present at base of crown. Lingual surface of the tooth, from the basal heel to approximately two thirds up the tooth surface bearing 5–14 V- to U-shaped cristae. Tooth base is short and positioned on the labial surface of tooth. Symphyseal teeth diamond shaped. Distolateral positioned teeth broad mesiodistally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C302DAB4FF9C4A45FCB5FDF0E022FA89" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9C4A46FCB5FDF0E7B6FDE7" blockId="5.[829,955,514,537]" box="[829,955,514,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<heading id="D0EF3E53FF9C4A46FCB5FDF0E7B6FDE7" bold="true" box="[829,955,514,537]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9C4A46FCB5FDF0E7B6FDE7" bold="true" box="[829,955,514,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9C4A45FCB5FDDDE6FBF8EF" blockId="5.[829,1514,559,729]" lastBlockId="6.[112,797,1258,2015]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Teeth range between 3 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE024DAFF9C4A46FBEFFDDDE0B9FDB8" box="[1127,1204,559,582]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
in crown height, with teeth measuring less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CE024DAFF9C4A46FB96FDBEE06DFD9D" box="[1054,1120,588,611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
postulated as representing juveniles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132395BAFF9C4A46FCCDFD98E791FD7F" box="[837,924,618,641]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[112,167,1802,1822]" captionTargetBox="[295,1328,801,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-284@5.[285,1341,786,1773]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. The teeth of Strigilodus tollesonae gen et sp nov from the Joppa Member of the Ste. Genevieve Formation at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. (a-c) MACA 62166 Holotype, upper symphyseal tooth, in (A) lingual, (B) labial, (C) mesial views. (D-F) MACA 62058, upper symphyseal tooth, in (D) lingual, (E) labial, (F) mesial views. (G-I) MACA 62055, upper symphyseal tooth, in (G) lingual, (H) labial, (I) mesial views. (J-L) MACA 62030, upper symphyseal tooth, in (J) lingual, (K) labial, L) mesial views. (M-O) MACA 62179, upper anterolateral tooth, in (M) lingual, (N) labial, (O) mesial views. (P-R) MACA 62182, upper mediolateral tooth, in (P) lingual, (Q) labial, (R) mesial views. (S-U) MACA 62170, upper distolateral tooth, in (S) lingual, (T) labial, (U) mesial views. (V-W) MACA 62180, lower symphyseal tooth, in (V) lingual, (W) labial views. (X-Z) MACA 62177,lower anterolateral tooth, in (X) lingual, (Y) labial,(Z) mesial views.(AA-CC) MACA 62012,lower mediolateral tooth in (AA) lingual,(BB) labial, (CC) mesial views. (DD-EE) MACA 62168, lower mediolateral tooth in (DD) lingual, (EE) lateral views. (FF-GG) MACA 62165, lower mediolateral tooth in (FF) lingual, (GG lateral views. (HH-II) MACA 62183, lower distolateral tooth in (HH) lingual, (II) lateral views.(JJ-NN) Juvenile teeth. (JJ-LL) MACA 62085, upper symphyseal tooth in (JJ) lingual, (KK) labial, (LL) mesial views. (MM-NN) MACA 62172, distolateral tooth in (MM) lingual, (NN) lateral views. Scale 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014257/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). All teeth show a sigmoidal shape when viewed mesiodistally. Crownsof all teethare directed orally, wide mesiodistally at the labial margin and narrow to a blunt spoon-like point. Alower symphyseal tooth, though overall bearing a spoon-like crown, does have two separate wear facets and could have been slightly bifid in shape. The carina of the symphyseal and anterolateral tooth families lack cusplets. Minute rounded cusplets are present on the carina on the mediolateral and distolateral tooth families. The labial base of the crown bears a thin ridge that can either be straight, slightly curved at the distal margins, or slightly W-shaped. Lingually, a shallow trough is present between the carina and the lingual cristae and which bears multiple fine striations from the lingual trough to the carina. Two thirds of the lingual surface, from the basal heel of the tooth to just below the lingual trough, is ornamented by fine V- to U-shaped cristae that originate from mesiodistal margins and direct towards the basal heel. The number and shape of these lingual cristae are variable based on either tooth position or age. Symphyseal teeth can have up to 14 of the more V-shaped cristae, while the more distal teeth range between 6 and 9 U-shaped cristae. The tooth base is positioned labially at the base of the heel, directed at an approximately 90° angle. The base is tab-like, wide mesiodistally and thin labiolingually. Anumber of small foramina are present on the lingual and labial surfaces of the tooth base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF67D9B7FF9C4A46FFF8F8F8E7FFF820" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014257" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10014257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014257/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" startId="5.[112,167,1802,1822]" targetBox="[295,1328,801,1769]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9C4A46FFF8F8F8E7FFF820" blockId="5.[112,1515,1802,2014]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9C4A46FFF8F8F8E4B6F8E0" bold="true" box="[112,187,1802,1822]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
The teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9C4A46FEA0F8F8E5FAF8E0" box="[296,503,1802,1822]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tollesonae" subSpecies="gen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9C4A46FEA0F8F8E5DEF8E0" box="[296,467,1802,1822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Strigilodus tollesonae</emphasis>
|
||
gen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et sp nov from the Joppa Member of the Ste. Genevieve Formation at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. (a-c) MACA 62166 Holotype, upper symphyseal tooth, in (A) lingual, (B) labial, (C) mesial views. (D-F) MACA 62058, upper symphyseal tooth, in (D) lingual, (E) labial, (F) mesial views. (G-I) MACA 62055, upper symphyseal tooth, in (G) lingual, (H) labial, (I) mesial views. (J-L) MACA 62030, upper symphyseal tooth, in (J) lingual, (K) labial, L) mesial views. (M-O) MACA 62179, upper anterolateral tooth, in (M) lingual, (N) labial, (O) mesial views. (P-R) MACA 62182, upper mediolateral tooth, in (P) lingual, (Q) labial, (R) mesial views. (S-U) MACA 62170, upper distolateral tooth, in (S) lingual, (T) labial, (U) mesial views. (V-W) MACA 62180, lower symphyseal tooth, in (V) lingual, (W) labial views. (X-Z) MACA 62177,lower anterolateral tooth, in (X) lingual, (Y) labial,(Z) mesial views.(AA-CC) MACA 62012,lower mediolateral tooth in (AA) lingual,(BB) labial, (CC) mesial views. (DD-EE) MACA 62168, lower mediolateral tooth in (DD) lingual, (EE) lateral views. (FF-GG) MACA 62165, lower mediolateral tooth in (FF) lingual, (GG lateral views. (HH-II) MACA 62183, lower distolateral tooth in (HH) lingual, (II) lateral views.(JJ-NN) Juvenile teeth. (JJ-LL) MACA 62085, upper symphyseal tooth in (JJ) lingual, (KK) labial, (LL) mesial views. (MM-NN) MACA 62172, distolateral tooth in (MM) lingual, (NN) lateral views. Scale 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF67D9B7FF9F4A45FFF8FB86E5EFFB5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10014263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014263/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" startId="6.[112,167,1140,1160]" targetBox="[336,1290,147,1108]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9F4A45FFF8FB86E5EFFB5E" blockId="6.[112,1515,1140,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FFF8FB86E4CDFB76" bold="true" box="[112,192,1140,1160]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
The proposed dental reconstruction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FDA9FB86E6F7FB76" box="[545,762,1140,1160]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tollesonae" subSpecies="gen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FDA9FB86E6DCFB76" box="[545,721,1140,1160]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Strigilodus tollesonae</emphasis>
|
||
gen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et sp. nov. Abbreviations: SY/sy, symphyseal tooth; AL/al, anterolateral tooth; ML/ml, mediolateral tooth; DL/dl, distolateral tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9F4A45FF18F8EAE022FA89" blockId="6.[112,797,1258,2015]" lastBlockId="6.[829,1514,1258,1399]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The shape of teeth is also variable depending on tooth position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132395BAFF9F4A45FFF1F8C7E4C2F8B2" box="[121,207,1845,1868]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[112,167,1140,1160]" captionTargetBox="[336,1290,147,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-530@6.[333,1293,143,1111]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The proposed dental reconstruction of Strigilodus tollesonae gen et sp. nov. Abbreviations: SY/sy, symphyseal tooth; AL/al, anterolateral tooth; ML/ml, mediolateral tooth; DL/dl, distolateral tooth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014263/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Upper teeth are proportionately longer in height compared to the lower teeth. The tooth base in lower teeth is proportionately longer than those of the upper teeth. The symphyseal teeth are diamond-shaped, with the upper symphyseal teeth having a much narrower shaped cusp compared to the lower symphyseal tooth. The lateral teeth have a straight mesial margin and a rounded distal margin, which the distal margin becomes wider in the successive tooth families. This results with the most distal tooth families being the proportionately wider than they are tall. Longitudinal lingual wear patterns have been observed on a few of teeth presented here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C302DAB4FF9F4A44FCB5FA5AE159FAFF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9F4A45FCB5FA5AE052FA41" blockId="6.[829,1119,1448,1471]" box="[829,1119,1448,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<heading id="D0EF3E53FF9F4A45FCB5FA5AE052FA41" bold="true" box="[829,1119,1448,1471]" fontSize="10" level="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FCB5FA5AE052FA41" bold="true" box="[829,1119,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Comparisons and remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9F4A44FCB5FA27E55DFF00" blockId="6.[829,1514,1493,2015]" lastBlockId="7.[112,798,143,1985]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FC7FFA27E0F3FA12" box="[1015,1278,1493,1516]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tollesonae" subSpecies="gen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FC7FFA27E0C2FA12" box="[1015,1231,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Strigilodus tollesonae</emphasis>
|
||
gen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et sp. nov shares the typical features of members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FB16FA00E10AF9F7" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1899" box="[1182,1287,1522,1545]" family="Janassidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Janassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a sigmoidal mesiodistal profile, a single primary crown, and a relatively short labially placed tooth base that extends at approximately a 90° angle from the lingual heel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9F4A45FBACF9B8E0A1F99F" author="Hansen MC" box="[1060,1196,1610,1633]" editor="Dutro JY Jr. & Pferfferkorn HW" journalOrPublisher="Carbondale and Edwardsville (IL USA): Souther Illinois University Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="523 - 541" refId="ref7241" refString="Hansen MC. 1985. Systematic relationships of petalodontiform chondrichtyans. In: Dutro JY Jr., Pferfferkorn HW, editors. Neuvieme Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Compte Rendu. Carbondale and Edwardsville (IL USA): Souther Illinois University Press; p. 523 - 541." title="Systematic relationships of petalodontiform chondrichtyans" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Neuvieme Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Compte Rendu" year="1985">Hansen 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9F4A45FB31F9B8E160F99F" author="Ginter M & Hampe O & Duffin CJ" box="[1209,1389,1610,1633]" editor="Schultze H-P" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Pfeil" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref7043" refString="Ginter M, Hampe O, Duffin CJ. 2010. Chondrichthyes: paleozoic elasmobranchii: teeth. In: Schultze H-P, editor. Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3 D. Munich: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil; p. 1 - 168." title="Chondrichthyes: paleozoic elasmobranchii: teeth" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3 D. Munich: Verlag Dr" year="2010">Ginter et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9F4A45FAF2F9B8E763F981" author="Lund R & Grogan ED & Fath M." journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1015 - 1029" part="48" refId="ref7555" refString="Lund R, Grogan ED, Fath M. 2014. On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes). Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1015 - 1029. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090081." title="On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lund et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9F4A45FCF4F99AE063F981" author="Duffin CJ & Ward DJ" box="[892,1134,1640,1663]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Geologist Association" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="809 - 814" part="128" refId="ref6980" refString="Duffin CJ, Ward DJ 2017. A new janassid petalodont chondrichthyan from the early carboniferous of derbyshire, UK. Proceedings of the Geologist Association 128: p. 809 - 814." title="A new janassid petalodont chondrichthyan from the early carboniferous of derbyshire, UK" type="journal article" year="2017">Duffin and Ward 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FB0EF99AE0FCF981" authorityName="Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[1158,1265,1640,1663]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FB0EF99AE0FCF981" box="[1158,1265,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Strigilodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FAF7F995E1C6F980" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1839" box="[1407,1483,1639,1662]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FAF7F995E1C6F980" box="[1407,1483,1639,1662]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having teeth with narrow spoon-shaped crowns, rather than wide spatulate-shaped crowns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9F4A45FBC5F950E0D5F947" author="Hansen MC" box="[1101,1240,1698,1721]" editor="Dutro JY Jr. & Pferfferkorn HW" journalOrPublisher="Carbondale and Edwardsville (IL USA): Souther Illinois University Press" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="523 - 541" refId="ref7241" refString="Hansen MC. 1985. Systematic relationships of petalodontiform chondrichtyans. In: Dutro JY Jr., Pferfferkorn HW, editors. Neuvieme Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Compte Rendu. Carbondale and Edwardsville (IL USA): Souther Illinois University Press; p. 523 - 541." title="Systematic relationships of petalodontiform chondrichtyans" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Neuvieme Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Compte Rendu" year="1985">Hansen 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9F4A45FB6FF950E154F947" author="Lund R." box="[1255,1369,1698,1721]" journalOrPublisher="J Vertebr Paleontol." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="350 - 368" part="9" refId="ref7466" refString="Lund R. 1989. New petalodonts (Chondrichthyes) from the upper mississippian bear gulch limestone (Namurian E 2 b) of Montana. J Vertebr Paleontol. 9 (3): 350 - 368. doi: 10.1080 / 02724634.1989.10011767." title="New petalodonts (Chondrichthyes) from the upper mississippian bear gulch limestone (Namurian E 2 b) of Montana" type="journal article" year="1989">Lund 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9F4A45FAE1F950E763F929" author="Ginter M & Hampe O & Duffin CJ" editor="Schultze H-P" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Pfeil" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref7043" refString="Ginter M, Hampe O, Duffin CJ. 2010. Chondrichthyes: paleozoic elasmobranchii: teeth. In: Schultze H-P, editor. Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3 D. Munich: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil; p. 1 - 168." title="Chondrichthyes: paleozoic elasmobranchii: teeth" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3 D. Munich: Verlag Dr" year="2010">Ginter et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9F4A45FCF3F932E028F929" author="Lund R & Grogan ED & Fath M." box="[891,1061,1728,1751]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1015 - 1029" part="48" refId="ref7555" refString="Lund R, Grogan ED, Fath M. 2014. On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes). Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1015 - 1029. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090081." title="On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lund et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nearly all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FB2FF94DE14EF929" box="[1191,1347,1727,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FB2FF94DE0FEF928" box="[1191,1267,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have transverse cristae that are relatively completely horizontal across the lingual surface of the tooth. However, the number and general morphology of lingual cristae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FBB1F8E5E08AF8D0" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1839" box="[1081,1159,1815,1838]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FBB1F8E5E08AF8D0" box="[1081,1159,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is variable with the Permian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FCB5F8C6E7C1F8B2" baseAuthorityName="Hancock and Howse" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[829,972,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituminosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FCB5F8C6E7C1F8B2" box="[829,972,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">J. bituminosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having multiple thin/fine lingual cristae and the Pennsylvanian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FC52F8A3E076F897" baseAuthorityName="Atthey" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[986,1147,1873,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linguaeformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FC52F8A3E076F897" box="[986,1147,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">J. linguaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a few but pronounced cristae. One species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FC69F89DE020F878" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1839" box="[993,1069,1903,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FC69F89DE020F878" box="[993,1069,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that is an exception to having horizontal transverse cristae is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FBAFF87EE0B7F85A" baseAuthorityName="Nielsen" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1063,1210,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FBAFF87EE0B7F85A" box="[1063,1210,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Janassa kochi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the middle Permian (Kazanian/Upper Guadalupian) Posidonia Shale member of east
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30FC9AFFF9F4A45FCB5F83AE7A4F821" box="[829,937,1992,2015]" name="Greenland" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9F4A45FC32F83AE04AF821" author="Nielson E." box="[954,1095,1992,2015]" journalOrPublisher="Medd GrOnl." pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 63" part="86" refId="ref7784" refString="Nielson E. 1932. Permo-Carboniferous fishes from East Greenland. Medd GrOnl. 86 (3): 1 - 63." title="Permo-Carboniferous fishes from East Greenland" type="journal article" year="1932">Nielson 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9F4A45FBE8F835E0A3F821" baseAuthorityName="Nielsen" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1120,1198,1991,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9F4A45FBE8F835E0A3F821" box="[1120,1198,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">J. kochi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from 2 lateral teeth and has approximately 16–17 lingual cristae which are more horizontal at the lingual base and are more of a wide V-shape just below the crown but retains the broad spatulate crown typical of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FF31FF15E54FFF00" author="Nielson E." box="[185,322,231,254]" journalOrPublisher="Medd GrOnl." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 63" part="86" refId="ref7784" refString="Nielson E. 1932. Permo-Carboniferous fishes from East Greenland. Medd GrOnl. 86 (3): 1 - 63." title="Permo-Carboniferous fishes from East Greenland" type="journal article" year="1932">Nielson 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9E4A44FF18FEF7E52DFCF0" blockId="7.[112,798,143,1985]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FECDFEF7E4A7FEC7" authority="(Duffin and Ward 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Duffin and Ward" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Janassidae" genus="Cypripediodens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FECDFEF7E645FEE5" box="[325,584,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cypripediodens cristatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FDD3FEF7E4ADFEC7" author="Duffin CJ & Ward DJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Geologist Association" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="809 - 814" part="128" refId="ref6980" refString="Duffin CJ, Ward DJ 2017. A new janassid petalodont chondrichthyan from the early carboniferous of derbyshire, UK. Proceedings of the Geologist Association 128: p. 809 - 814." title="A new janassid petalodont chondrichthyan from the early carboniferous of derbyshire, UK" type="journal article" year="2017">Duffin and Ward 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the crowns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FEC6FED0E5C5FEC7" box="[334,456,290,313]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilisodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FEC6FED0E5C5FEC7" box="[334,456,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Strigilisodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more rounded and less pronounced, with a larger number of thinner of V- to U-shaped cristae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FFF8FEAFE4D3FE8A" authorityName="Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[112,222,349,372]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FFF8FEAFE4D3FE8A" box="[112,222,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Strigilodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lacks a well-developed lingual cusp seen in
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FFF8FE88E501FE6F" box="[112,268,378,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cypripediodens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FE9FFE88E62DFE6F" author="Duffin CJ & Ward DJ" box="[279,544,378,401]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Geologist Association" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="809 - 814" part="128" refId="ref6980" refString="Duffin CJ, Ward DJ 2017. A new janassid petalodont chondrichthyan from the early carboniferous of derbyshire, UK. Proceedings of the Geologist Association 128: p. 809 - 814." title="A new janassid petalodont chondrichthyan from the early carboniferous of derbyshire, UK" type="journal article" year="2017">Duffin and Ward (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that may have derived from the lingual cristae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FEFDFE65E624FE50" box="[373,553,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cavusodus whitei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FDB1FE65E6A6FE50" author="Itano WM" box="[569,683,407,430]" journalOrPublisher="Hist Biol" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref7338" refString="Itano WM. 2023. A new janassid (chondrichthyes, petalodontiformes) from the late mississippian of alabama, USA. Hist Biol. 1 - 10. doi: 10.1080 / 08912963. 2023.2194902" title="A new janassid (chondrichthyes, petalodontiformes) from the late mississippian of alabama, USA" type="book chapter" year="2023">Itano 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FF03FE47E4FBFE32" authorityName="Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[139,246,437,460]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FF03FE47E4FBFE32" box="[139,246,437,460]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Strigilodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having rounded spoon-shaped cusps but the cusps of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FF04FE20E4F4FE17" box="[140,249,466,489]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cavusodus</emphasis>
|
||
are proportionately more robust with a blunt carina. The U-shaped lingual cristae in
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FE45FE1DE637FDF8" box="[461,570,495,518]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cavusodus</emphasis>
|
||
are also much more pronounce and less in number in comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FD11FDFFE717FDDA" box="[665,794,525,548]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilisodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Strigilisodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FFF8FDD8E4D0FDBF" box="[112,221,554,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cavusodus</emphasis>
|
||
is also unique in having a pronounce median ridge on the lingual surface and a corresponding labial trough (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD17FDB5E703FDA0" author="Itano WM" box="[671,782,583,606]" journalOrPublisher="Hist Biol" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref7338" refString="Itano WM. 2023. A new janassid (chondrichthyes, petalodontiformes) from the late mississippian of alabama, USA. Hist Biol. 1 - 10. doi: 10.1080 / 08912963. 2023.2194902" title="A new janassid (chondrichthyes, petalodontiformes) from the late mississippian of alabama, USA" type="book chapter" year="2023">Itano 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FFF8FD97E532FD82" baseAuthorityName="St. John and Worthen" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[112,319,613,636]" family="Janassidae" genus="Cholodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FFF8FD97E532FD82" box="[112,319,613,636]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cholodus inaequalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(St.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FEFEFD97E674FD82" author="John O & Worthen AH" box="[374,633,613,636]" journalOrPublisher="Geol Surv Illinois." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="245 - 488" part="6" refId="ref7902" refString="St. John O, Worthen AH. 1875. Descriptions of fossil fishes. Geol Surv Illinois. 6: 245 - 488." title="Descriptions of fossil fishes" type="journal article" year="1875">John and Worthen 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD01FD97E6F7FD82" author="Itano WM" box="[649,762,613,636]" journalOrPublisher="Hist Biol" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref7338" refString="Itano WM. 2023. A new janassid (chondrichthyes, petalodontiformes) from the late mississippian of alabama, USA. Hist Biol. 1 - 10. doi: 10.1080 / 08912963. 2023.2194902" title="A new janassid (chondrichthyes, petalodontiformes) from the late mississippian of alabama, USA" type="book chapter" year="2023">Itano 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FF69FD70E543FD67" box="[225,334,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cavusodus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FE01FD70E629FD67" box="[393,548,642,665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cypripediodens</emphasis>
|
||
in having a few V- to U-shaped lingual cristae but differ from either taxon with the cristae being flatter and less pronounced in shape, as well as having a narrower chisel-like cusp and a greatly more sigmoidal profile in mesiodistal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9E4A44FF18FCE7E0B2FEE2" blockId="7.[112,798,143,1985]" lastBlockId="7.[828,1514,143,1281]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The dental arrangements of janassids and other petalodonts have been proposed based on articulated or nearly articulated specimens that show the tooth family positions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD8AFCBDE71AFC98" author="Hancock A & Atthey T." box="[514,791,847,870]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Mag Nat Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="322 - 329" part="4" refId="ref7146" refString="Hancock A, Atthey T. 1869. XXXVII. - on the generic identity of Climaxodus and Janassa, two fossil fishes related to the rays. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 4 (23): 322 - 329. doi: 10.1080 / 00222936908696064." title="XXXVII. - on the generic identity of Climaxodus and Janassa, two fossil fishes related to the rays" type="journal article" year="1869">Hancock and Atthey 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FFF8FC9FE586FC7A" author="Hancock A & Howse R." box="[112,395,877,900]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Mag Nat Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 62" part="5" refId="ref7194" refString="Hancock A, Howse R. 1870. VIII. - on Janassa bituminosa, Schlotheim, from the marl-slate of midderidge, Durham. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 5 (25): 47 - 62. doi: 10. 1080 / 00222937008696104." title="VIII. - on Janassa bituminosa, Schlotheim, from the marl-slate of midderidge, Durham" type="journal article" year="1870">Hancock and Howse 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FE14FC9FE619FC7A" author="Jaekel O." box="[412,532,877,900]" journalOrPublisher="Sber Ges naturf Freunde Berl." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="44 - 53" part="1898" refId="ref7374" refString="Jaekel O. 1898. Die verschiedenen Rochentypen. Sber Ges naturf Freunde Berl. 1898 (5): 44 - 53." title="Die verschiedenen Rochentypen" type="journal article" year="1898">Jaekel 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FDADFC9FE655FC7A" author="Jaekel O." box="[549,600,877,900]" journalOrPublisher="Z Dtsch geol Gesell." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="258 - 298" part="51" refId="ref7398" refString="Jaekel O. 1899. Ueber die Organisation der Petalodonten. Z Dtsch geol Gesell. 51 (2): 258 - 298." title="Ueber die Organisation der Petalodonten" type="journal article" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FDEFFC9FE71AFC7A" author="Woodward AS" box="[615,791,877,900]" journalOrPublisher="Climaxodus Q J Geol Soc London." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 6" part="75" refId="ref8018" refString="Woodward AS. 1919. On the dentition of the petalodont shark. Climaxodus Q J Geol Soc London. 75 (1 - 4): 1 - 6. doi: 10.1144 / GSL. JGS. 1919.075.01 - 04.03." title="On the dentition of the petalodont shark" type="journal article" year="1919">Woodward 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FFF8FC78E524FC5F" author="Schaumberg G." box="[112,297,906,929]" journalOrPublisher="Palaontol Z." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="334 - 346" part="53" refId="ref7856" refString="Schaumberg G. 1979. Neu kenntnisse uber die anatomie von Janassa bituminosa (Schlotheim), Holocephali, Chondrichthyes aus dern permischen Kupferschiefer. Palaontol Z. 53 (3 - 4): 334 - 346. doi: 10.1007 / BF 02986595." title="Neu kenntnisse uber die anatomie von Janassa bituminosa (Schlotheim), Holocephali, Chondrichthyes aus dern permischen Kupferschiefer" type="journal article" year="1979">Schaumberg 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FEB2FC78E5A6FC5F" author="Lund R." box="[314,427,906,929]" journalOrPublisher="J Vertebr Paleontol." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 6" part="3" refId="ref7423" refString="Lund R. 1984. On a dentition of polyrhizodus (Chondrichthyes, Petalodontiformes) from the namurian bear gulch limestone of Monta. J Vertebr Paleontol. 3 (1): 1 - 6. doi: 10.1080 / 02724634.1983.10384478." title="On a dentition of polyrhizodus (Chondrichthyes, Petalodontiformes) from the namurian bear gulch limestone of Monta" type="journal article" year="1984">Lund 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FE34FC78E5E3FC5F" author="Lund R." box="[444,494,906,929]" journalOrPublisher="J Vertebr Paleontol." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="350 - 368" part="9" refId="ref7466" refString="Lund R. 1989. New petalodonts (Chondrichthyes) from the upper mississippian bear gulch limestone (Namurian E 2 b) of Montana. J Vertebr Paleontol. 9 (3): 350 - 368. doi: 10.1080 / 02724634.1989.10011767." title="New petalodonts (Chondrichthyes) from the upper mississippian bear gulch limestone (Namurian E 2 b) of Montana" type="journal article" year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FE75FC78E673FC5F" author="Brandt S." box="[509,638,906,929]" journalOrPublisher="Palaont Z." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="505 - 520" part="70" refId="ref6825" refString="Brandt S. 1996. Janassa korni (Weigelt) - Neubeschreibung eines petalodonten Elasmobranchiers aus dem Kupferschiefer und Zechsteinkalk (Perm) von Eisleben (Sachsen-Anhalt). Palaont Z. 70 (3 - 4): 505 - 520. doi: 10.1007 / BF 02988089." title="Janassa korni (Weigelt) - Neubeschreibung eines petalodonten Elasmobranchiers aus dem Kupferschiefer und Zechsteinkalk (Perm) von Eisleben (Sachsen-Anhalt)" type="journal article" year="1996">Brandt 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD07FC78E6CCFC5F" author="Brandt S." box="[655,705,906,929]" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="15 - 26" part="24" refId="ref6875" refString="Brandt S. 2009. Uber Neufunde von Janassa korni (Weigelt), einen petalodonten Elasmobranchier aus dem Kupferschiefer (Ober-Perm) von Eisleben und Sangerhausen (Sachsen-Anhalt). Veroffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen. 24: 15 - 26." title="Uber Neufunde von Janassa korni (Weigelt), einen petalodonten Elasmobranchier aus dem Kupferschiefer (Ober-Perm) von Eisleben und Sangerhausen (Sachsen-Anhalt)" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD58FC78E4D6FC40" author="Grogan ED & Lund R & Fath M." journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1003 - 1014" part="48" refId="ref7088" refString="Grogan ED, Lund R, Fath M. 2014. A new petalodont chondrichthyan from the bear gulch limestone of Montana, USA, with reassessment of Netsepoye hawesi and comments on the morphology of holomorphic petalodonts. Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1003 - 1014. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090044." title="A new petalodont chondrichthyan from the bear gulch limestone of Montana, USA, with reassessment of Netsepoye hawesi and comments on the morphology of holomorphic petalodonts" type="journal article" year="2014">Grogan et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FF61FC55E59EFC40" author="Lund R & Grogan ED & Fath M." box="[233,403,935,958]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1015 - 1029" part="48" refId="ref7555" refString="Lund R, Grogan ED, Fath M. 2014. On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes). Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1015 - 1029. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090081." title="On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lund et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The first reconstructions of janassid dentitions for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FE83FC36E5E6FC22" baseAuthorityName="Atthey" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[267,491,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linguaeformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FE83FC36E5E6FC22" box="[267,491,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa linguaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FE75FC37E672FC22" author="Atthey T." box="[509,639,965,988]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Mag Nat Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="321 - 323" part="2" refId="ref6744" refString="Atthey T. 1868. On the occurrence of the palatal teeth of a fish belonging to the genus Climaxodus, M'Coy, in the low-main shale of Newsham. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 2 (11): 321 - 323. doi: 10.1080 / 00222936808695813." title="On the occurrence of the palatal teeth of a fish belonging to the genus Climaxodus, M'Coy" type="journal article" volumeTitle="the low-main shale of Newsham" year="1868">Atthey 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD18FC37E4E0FC07" author="Hancock A & Atthey T." journalOrPublisher="Ann Mag Nat Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="322 - 329" part="4" refId="ref7146" refString="Hancock A, Atthey T. 1869. XXXVII. - on the generic identity of Climaxodus and Janassa, two fossil fishes related to the rays. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 4 (23): 322 - 329. doi: 10.1080 / 00222936908696064." title="XXXVII. - on the generic identity of Climaxodus and Janassa, two fossil fishes related to the rays" type="journal article" year="1869">Hancock and Atthey 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FEA6FC13E710FC07" authority="(Hancock and Howse 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Hancock and Howse" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[302,797,993,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituminosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FEA6FC13E5FCFC07" box="[302,497,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa bituminosa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD89FC10E719FC07" author="Hancock A & Howse R." box="[513,788,994,1017]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Mag Nat Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 62" part="5" refId="ref7194" refString="Hancock A, Howse R. 1870. VIII. - on Janassa bituminosa, Schlotheim, from the marl-slate of midderidge, Durham. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 5 (25): 47 - 62. doi: 10. 1080 / 00222937008696104." title="VIII. - on Janassa bituminosa, Schlotheim, from the marl-slate of midderidge, Durham" type="journal article" year="1870">Hancock and Howse 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the authors reconstructed the dental series with symphyseal tooth family flanked by three laterals families on either side are based on associated but distorted dentitions of both taxa.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FFF8FBA5E4FBFB90" author="Jaekel O." box="[112,246,1111,1134]" journalOrPublisher="Z Dtsch geol Gesell." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="258 - 298" part="51" refId="ref7398" refString="Jaekel O. 1899. Ueber die Organisation der Petalodonten. Z Dtsch geol Gesell. 51 (2): 258 - 298." title="Ueber die Organisation der Petalodonten" type="journal article" year="1899">Jaekel (1899)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated at least two undistorted articulated dentitions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FF49FB86E549FB72" baseAuthorityName="Hancock and Howse" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[193,324,1140,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituminosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FF49FB86E549FB72" box="[193,324,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">J. bituminosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which prominently shows the upper and lower symphyseal teeth being flanked by two to three tooth families. Though some authors cite that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FE44FB5DE655FB38" baseAuthorityName="Hancock and Howse" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[460,600,1199,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituminosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FE44FB5DE655FB38" box="[460,600,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">J. bituminosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have ranged from having a total of five to seven tooth families (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD12FB3FE4ADFAFF" author="Ginter M & Hampe O & Duffin CJ" editor="Schultze H-P" journalOrPublisher="Friedrich Pfeil" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref7043" refString="Ginter M, Hampe O, Duffin CJ. 2010. Chondrichthyes: paleozoic elasmobranchii: teeth. In: Schultze H-P, editor. Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3 D. Munich: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil; p. 1 - 168." title="Chondrichthyes: paleozoic elasmobranchii: teeth" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Handbook of Paleoichthyology 3 D. Munich: Verlag Dr" year="2010">Ginter et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FF27FB18E550FAFF" author="Lund R & Grogan ED & Fath M." box="[175,349,1258,1281]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1015 - 1029" part="48" refId="ref7555" refString="Lund R, Grogan ED, Fath M. 2014. On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes). Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1015 - 1029. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090081." title="On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lund et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we feel this is a reflection of distolateral teeth being obscured by sediments and are present within the jaw. This can be seen in the illustrations by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FDA8FAD7E692FAC2" author="Jaekel O." box="[544,671,1317,1340]" journalOrPublisher="Z Dtsch geol Gesell." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="258 - 298" part="51" refId="ref7398" refString="Jaekel O. 1899. Ueber die Organisation der Petalodonten. Z Dtsch geol Gesell. 51 (2): 258 - 298." title="Ueber die Organisation der Petalodonten" type="journal article" year="1899">Jaekel (1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, plate XIV,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132395BAFF9E4A44FFF8FAB0E4CBFAA7" box="[112,198,1346,1369]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[116,171,1462,1482]" captionTargetBox="[291,1343,147,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[288,1344,143,1434]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. The geographic and palaeogeographic position of Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. (A) The geographic position of Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky. (B) The Middle Mississippian palaeogeographic position of the Mammoth Cave National Park within the Illinois Basin." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014247/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) which shows distolateral teeth barely exposed along the distal margins of the mouth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FE2EFAADE610FA88" baseAuthorityName="Schlotheim" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[422,541,1375,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituminos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FE2EFAADE610FA88" box="[422,541,1375,1398]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">J. bituminos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a. Further suggestion that seven-tooth family arrangement model is most appropriatefor janassids comes from the sister group
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FE3DFA68E715FA4F" authority="(Lund et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[437,792,1434,1457]" family="Petalorhynchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Petalorhynchidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FDE7FA68E703FA4F" author="Lund R & Grogan ED & Fath M." box="[623,782,1434,1457]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1015 - 1029" part="48" refId="ref7555" refString="Lund R, Grogan ED, Fath M. 2014. On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes). Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1015 - 1029. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090081." title="On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lund et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FEABFA45E5EAFA30" author="Lund R & Grogan ED & Fath M." box="[291,487,1463,1486]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1015 - 1029" part="48" refId="ref7555" refString="Lund R, Grogan ED, Fath M. 2014. On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes). Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1015 - 1029. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090081." title="On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lund et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the petalorhynchids include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FFF8FA27E507FA12" authorityName="Newberry & Worthen" authorityYear="1866" box="[112,266,1493,1516]" family="Pristodontidae" genus="Petalorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FFF8FA27E507FA12" box="[112,266,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Petalorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FEC5FA26E594FA15" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1839" box="[333,409,1492,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FEC5FA26E594FA15" box="[333,409,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FE30FA27E64BFA12" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1838" box="[440,582,1493,1516]" family="Belantseidae" genus="Ctenoptychius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FE30FA27E64BFA12" box="[440,582,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Ctenoptychius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FDE8FA27E698FA12" baseAuthorityName="Weigelt" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[608,661,1493,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="korni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FDE8FA27E698FA12" box="[608,661,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">korni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD2EFA27E4BFF9F7" author="Lund R & Grogan ED & Fath M." journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1015 - 1029" part="48" refId="ref7555" refString="Lund R, Grogan ED, Fath M. 2014. On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes). Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1015 - 1029. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090081." title="On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lund et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described a complete dentition of the Late Mississippian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FFF8F9FDE5A4F9D8" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1989" box="[112,425,1551,1574]" family="Pristodontidae" genus="Petalorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beargulchensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FFF8F9FDE5A4F9D8" box="[112,425,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Petalorhynchus beargulchensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which showed a broad spade-like upper symphyseal tooth and a broad bifid lower symphyseal tooth that both were flanked by three chisel-like teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132395BAFF9E4A44FDE9F9B8E6CEF99F" box="[609,707,1610,1633]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[112,167,1566,1586]" captionTargetBox="[334,1291,147,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-156@8.[333,1293,143,1537]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of dental reconstructions of janassid (A–D) and petalorhynchid (E–F) petalodonts in lingual view. (A) Strigilodus tollensonae, this report. (B) Janassa linguaeformis, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Atthey (1869). (C) Janassa bituminosa, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Howse (1870). (D) Cypripediodens cristatus (Duffin and Ward 2017). (E) Petalorhynchus beargulchensis, redrawn and modified from Lund et al. (2014). (F) ‘Janassa’ (‘Ctenoptychius’) korni, redrawn and modified from Brandt (1996). Dentitions not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figure 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD5FF9B8E4A7F980" author="Brandt S." journalOrPublisher="Palaont Z." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="505 - 520" part="70" refId="ref6825" refString="Brandt S. 1996. Janassa korni (Weigelt) - Neubeschreibung eines petalodonten Elasmobranchiers aus dem Kupferschiefer und Zechsteinkalk (Perm) von Eisleben (Sachsen-Anhalt). Palaont Z. 70 (3 - 4): 505 - 520. doi: 10.1007 / BF 02988089." title="Janassa korni (Weigelt) - Neubeschreibung eines petalodonten Elasmobranchiers aus dem Kupferschiefer und Zechsteinkalk (Perm) von Eisleben (Sachsen-Anhalt)" type="journal article" year="1996">Brandt (1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FF47F995E50FF980" author="Brandt S." box="[207,258,1639,1662]" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="15 - 26" part="24" refId="ref6875" refString="Brandt S. 2009. Uber Neufunde von Janassa korni (Weigelt), einen petalodonten Elasmobranchier aus dem Kupferschiefer (Ober-Perm) von Eisleben und Sangerhausen (Sachsen-Anhalt). Veroffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen. 24: 15 - 26." title="Uber Neufunde von Janassa korni (Weigelt), einen petalodonten Elasmobranchier aus dem Kupferschiefer (Ober-Perm) von Eisleben und Sangerhausen (Sachsen-Anhalt)" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reconstructed the dentition of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FD42F994E71AF983" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1839" box="[714,791,1638,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FD42F994E71AF983" box="[714,791,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FFF7F977E502F962" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1838" box="[127,271,1669,1692]" family="Belantseidae" genus="Ctenoptychius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FFF7F977E502F962" box="[127,271,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Ctenoptychius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FEB1F977E562F962" baseAuthorityName="Weigelt" baseAuthorityYear="1930" box="[313,367,1669,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="korni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FEB1F977E562F962" box="[313,367,1669,1692]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">korni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a bifid upper and lower symphyseal tooth with the lower dentition and possibly the upper dentition withthree lateral cuspid teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132395BAFF9E4A44FD8BF94DE66CF928" box="[515,609,1727,1750]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[112,167,1566,1586]" captionTargetBox="[334,1291,147,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-156@8.[333,1293,143,1537]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of dental reconstructions of janassid (A–D) and petalorhynchid (E–F) petalodonts in lingual view. (A) Strigilodus tollensonae, this report. (B) Janassa linguaeformis, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Atthey (1869). (C) Janassa bituminosa, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Howse (1870). (D) Cypripediodens cristatus (Duffin and Ward 2017). (E) Petalorhynchus beargulchensis, redrawn and modified from Lund et al. (2014). (F) ‘Janassa’ (‘Ctenoptychius’) korni, redrawn and modified from Brandt (1996). Dentitions not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figure 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
). This seven-tooth family trend may have been the norm for janassids and petalorhynchids. Outside of this group,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FE35F908E671F8EE" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1989" box="[445,636,1785,1809]" family="Belantseidae" genus="Belantsea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FE35F908E671F8EE" box="[445,636,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Belantsea montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has a large blade-like symphyseal teeth in the upper and lower jaws that are flanked by three lateral teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FE10F8C7E608F8B2" author="Lund R." box="[408,517,1845,1868]" journalOrPublisher="J Vertebr Paleontol." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="350 - 368" part="9" refId="ref7466" refString="Lund R. 1989. New petalodonts (Chondrichthyes) from the upper mississippian bear gulch limestone (Namurian E 2 b) of Montana. J Vertebr Paleontol. 9 (3): 350 - 368. doi: 10.1080 / 02724634.1989.10011767." title="New petalodonts (Chondrichthyes) from the upper mississippian bear gulch limestone (Namurian E 2 b) of Montana" type="journal article" year="1989">Lund 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Other petalodonts such as members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FEAEF8A0E5DCF897" box="[294,465,1874,1897]" family="Obruchevodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Obruchevodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have variable numbers in lateral tooth families after the symphyseal tooth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FD04F89DE4ADF85A" author="Grogan ED & Lund R & Fath M." journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1003 - 1014" part="48" refId="ref7088" refString="Grogan ED, Lund R, Fath M. 2014. A new petalodont chondrichthyan from the bear gulch limestone of Montana, USA, with reassessment of Netsepoye hawesi and comments on the morphology of holomorphic petalodonts. Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1003 - 1014. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090044." title="A new petalodont chondrichthyan from the bear gulch limestone of Montana, USA, with reassessment of Netsepoye hawesi and comments on the morphology of holomorphic petalodonts" type="journal article" year="2014">Grogan et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FF26F87FE555F85A" author="Lund R & Grogan ED & Fath M." box="[174,344,1933,1956]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1015 - 1029" part="48" refId="ref7555" refString="Lund R, Grogan ED, Fath M. 2014. On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes). Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1015 - 1029. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090081." title="On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lund et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FEE7F87FE63AF85A" box="[367,567,1933,1956]" family="Obruchevodidae" genus="Fissodopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FEE7F87FE63AF85A" box="[367,567,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Fissodopsis robustus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FDE7F87EE710F85A" authorityName="Lund" authorityYear="1989" box="[623,797,1932,1956]" family="Obruchevodidae" genus="Netsepoye" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hawesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FDE7F87EE710F85A" box="[623,797,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Netsepoye hawesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to have approximately seven smaller lateral tooth families in the upper jaw and approximately four to five lateral tooth families in the lower jaws, respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FB03FF5FE15CFF3A" author="Lund R & Grogan ED & Fath M." box="[1163,1361,173,196]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1015 - 1029" part="48" refId="ref7555" refString="Lund R, Grogan ED, Fath M. 2014. On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes). Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1015 - 1029. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090081." title="On the relationships of the petalodontiformes (Chondrichthyes)" type="journal article" year="2014">Lund et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Conversely,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FCB5FF38E02BFF1F" box="[829,1062,202,225]" family="Obruchevodidae" genus="Obruchevodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griffithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FCB5FF38E02BFF1F" box="[829,1062,202,225]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Obruchevodus griffithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have two lateral teeth in the upper jaw and four lateral teeth in the lower jaw from the symphyseal teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FC7EFEF7E0BCFEE2" author="Grogan ED & Lund R & Fath M." box="[1014,1201,261,284]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontol J." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1003 - 1014" part="48" refId="ref7088" refString="Grogan ED, Lund R, Fath M. 2014. A new petalodont chondrichthyan from the bear gulch limestone of Montana, USA, with reassessment of Netsepoye hawesi and comments on the morphology of holomorphic petalodonts. Paleontol J. 48 (9): 1003 - 1014. doi: 10.1134 / S 0031030114090044." title="A new petalodont chondrichthyan from the bear gulch limestone of Montana, USA, with reassessment of Netsepoye hawesi and comments on the morphology of holomorphic petalodonts" type="journal article" year="2014">Grogan et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9E4A44FCD5FED0E1E7FDDA" blockId="7.[828,1514,143,1281]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
From the relatively large sample of isolated teeth collected from Mammoth Cave National Park, we were able to hypothesise a model for the dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FBFAFEAFE17BFE8A" box="[1138,1398,349,372]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="tollesonae" subSpecies="gen">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FBFAFEAFE144FE8A" box="[1138,1353,349,372]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Strigilodus tollesonae</emphasis>
|
||
gen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
et sp. nov using the seven-tooth family position model proposed above for janassid and petalorhynchid petalodonts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132395BAFF9E4A44FA8EFE65E17EFE50" box="[1286,1395,407,430]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[112,167,1566,1586]" captionTargetBox="[334,1291,147,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-156@8.[333,1293,143,1537]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of dental reconstructions of janassid (A–D) and petalorhynchid (E–F) petalodonts in lingual view. (A) Strigilodus tollensonae, this report. (B) Janassa linguaeformis, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Atthey (1869). (C) Janassa bituminosa, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Howse (1870). (D) Cypripediodens cristatus (Duffin and Ward 2017). (E) Petalorhynchus beargulchensis, redrawn and modified from Lund et al. (2014). (F) ‘Janassa’ (‘Ctenoptychius’) korni, redrawn and modified from Brandt (1996). Dentitions not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FCB5FE47E7A5FE32" authorityName="Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[829,936,437,460]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FCB5FE47E7A5FE32" box="[829,936,437,460]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Strigilodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
retained its teeth like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FB2DFE46E0FCFE35" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1839" box="[1189,1265,436,459]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FB2DFE46E0FCFE35" box="[1189,1265,436,459]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to form a dental battery is unknown at this time, but the labial ridge may indicate the position of the preceding tooth being placed there. For simplicity of discussion, we omitted the retained teeth in our reconstructions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA7893FFF9E4A44FCD5FDD8E159FAFF" blockId="7.[828,1514,143,1281]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Spanning from the larger diamond-shaped symphyseal teeth, the three lateral teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FB9DFDB5E070FDA0" authorityName="Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[1045,1149,583,606]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FB9DFDB5E070FDA0" box="[1045,1149,583,606]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Strigilodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have formed a dental fan-like arrangement, progressively becoming shorter in height but broader mesiodistally. This pattern is also reflected in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FA99FD73E1E4FD67" baseAuthorityName="Atthey" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1297,1513,641,665]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="linguaeformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FA99FD73E1E4FD67" box="[1297,1513,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa linguaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FCE4FD6CE022FD48" baseAuthorityName="Hancock and Howse" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[876,1071,670,694]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bituminosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FCE4FD6CE022FD48" box="[876,1071,670,694]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa bituminosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FBB7FD6DE15CFD48" author="Hancock A & Atthey T." box="[1087,1361,671,694]" journalOrPublisher="Ann Mag Nat Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="322 - 329" part="4" refId="ref7146" refString="Hancock A, Atthey T. 1869. XXXVII. - on the generic identity of Climaxodus and Janassa, two fossil fishes related to the rays. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 4 (23): 322 - 329. doi: 10.1080 / 00222936908696064." title="XXXVII. - on the generic identity of Climaxodus and Janassa, two fossil fishes related to the rays" type="journal article" year="1869">Hancock and Atthey 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FAE8FD6DE7B5FD2A" author="Hancock A & Howse R." journalOrPublisher="Ann Mag Nat Hist." pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="47 - 62" part="5" refId="ref7194" refString="Hancock A, Howse R. 1870. VIII. - on Janassa bituminosa, Schlotheim, from the marl-slate of midderidge, Durham. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 5 (25): 47 - 62. doi: 10. 1080 / 00222937008696104." title="VIII. - on Janassa bituminosa, Schlotheim, from the marl-slate of midderidge, Durham" type="journal article" year="1870">Hancock and Howse 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132395BAFF9E4A44FC47FD4FE02CFD2A" box="[975,1057,701,724]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[112,167,1566,1586]" captionTargetBox="[334,1291,147,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-156@8.[333,1293,143,1537]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of dental reconstructions of janassid (A–D) and petalorhynchid (E–F) petalodonts in lingual view. (A) Strigilodus tollensonae, this report. (B) Janassa linguaeformis, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Atthey (1869). (C) Janassa bituminosa, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Howse (1870). (D) Cypripediodens cristatus (Duffin and Ward 2017). (E) Petalorhynchus beargulchensis, redrawn and modified from Lund et al. (2014). (F) ‘Janassa’ (‘Ctenoptychius’) korni, redrawn and modified from Brandt (1996). Dentitions not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
B-C). This appears to allow the crowns to act as clipping structures while the lingual cristae act as gripping and crushing platforms for food processing in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FB70FD04E14FFCF3" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1839" box="[1272,1346,758,781]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FB70FD04E14FFCF3" box="[1272,1346,758,781]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FAF3FD05E1EEFCF0" authorityName="Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[1403,1507,759,782]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FAF3FD05E1EEFCF0" box="[1403,1507,759,782]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Strigilodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. From the knowledge we gained from the tooth arrangements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FCB4FCC0E7A9FCB7" authorityName="Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[828,932,818,841]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FCB4FCC0E7A9FCB7" box="[828,932,818,841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Strigilodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FC51FCC3E02EFCB6" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1839" box="[985,1059,817,840]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FC51FCC3E02EFCB6" box="[985,1059,817,840]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we attempted a hypothetical reconstruction of the dental arrangement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FBFAFCBDE7B1FC7A" authority="(Duffin and Ward, 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Duffin and Ward" baseAuthorityYear="2017" family="Janassidae" genus="Cypripediodens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FBFAFCBDE168FC9B" box="[1138,1381,846,870]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cypripediodens cristatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF89F4CEFF9E4A44FAFDFCBDE7BFFC7A" author="Duffin CJ & Ward DJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Geologist Association" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="809 - 814" part="128" refId="ref6980" refString="Duffin CJ, Ward DJ 2017. A new janassid petalodont chondrichthyan from the early carboniferous of derbyshire, UK. Proceedings of the Geologist Association 128: p. 809 - 814." title="A new janassid petalodont chondrichthyan from the early carboniferous of derbyshire, UK" type="journal article" year="2017">Duffin and Ward, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The small sample size of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FB48FC9FE155FC7A" box="[1216,1368,877,900]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cypripediodens</emphasis>
|
||
teeth includes what appears to be the upper (NMMUK PV P 73964) and lower symphyseal (NHMUK PV P 73968) teeth, an upper anterolateral tooth (NHMUK PV P 73966) upper and lower mediolateral teeth (NHMUK PV P 73965 and NHMUK PV P 73969), and a possible distolateral tooth (NHMUK PV P 73967), which made a more arclike dental arrangement. Our dental reconstruction model proposes that the upper symphyseal tooth fit between the bifid gap of the lower symphyseal tooth and that upper anterolateral teeth occluded with the cusps of the lower symphyseal. This proposed dental reconstructionof
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FC3DFB60E0A9FB56" baseAuthorityName="Duffin and Ward" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[949,1188,1169,1193]" family="Janassidae" genus="Cypripediodens" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FC3DFB60E0A9FB56" box="[949,1188,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cypripediodens cristatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132395BAFF9E4A44FB3AFB60E11BFB57" box="[1202,1302,1170,1193]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[112,167,1566,1586]" captionTargetBox="[334,1291,147,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-156@8.[333,1293,143,1537]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Comparison of dental reconstructions of janassid (A–D) and petalorhynchid (E–F) petalodonts in lingual view. (A) Strigilodus tollensonae, this report. (B) Janassa linguaeformis, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Atthey (1869). (C) Janassa bituminosa, redrawn and modified from Hancock and Howse (1870). (D) Cypripediodens cristatus (Duffin and Ward 2017). (E) Petalorhynchus beargulchensis, redrawn and modified from Lund et al. (2014). (F) ‘Janassa’ (‘Ctenoptychius’) korni, redrawn and modified from Brandt (1996). Dentitions not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10014266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10014266/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Figure 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
) is unique compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FCD0FB5DE7AFFB38" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1839" box="[856,930,1199,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Janassa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FCD0FB5DE7AFFB38" box="[856,930,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Janassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FC5FFB5DE032FB38" authorityName="Hodnett & Toomey & Olson & Tweet & Santucci" authorityYear="2023" box="[983,1087,1199,1222]" family="Janassidae" genus="Strigilodus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FC5FFB5DE032FB38" box="[983,1087,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Strigilodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, perhaps suggesting
|
||
<emphasis id="B96C552DFF9E4A44FA9AFB5DE1A7FB38" box="[1298,1450,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Cypripediodens</emphasis>
|
||
relied more on the cusps than the lingual cristae for food processing and may have a unique feed niche among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C18F2BCFF9E4A44FB6FFB18E15DFAFF" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1899" box="[1255,1360,1258,1281]" family="Janassidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Janassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |