276 lines
26 KiB
XML
276 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="FDE56620921D9983C2A68DCDB689C495" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3711.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5e40586a-e502-471a-ac38-0d7368e7edc6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="284676" ID-ZooBank="7D6B537E-A945-417D-9632-58240DA6F6A2" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460677805307" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Phillip, Dawn A. T., Taphorn, Donald C., Holm, Erling, Gilliam, James F., Lamphere, Bradley A. & López-Fernández, Hernán" docDate="2013" docId="03879C69FFFAFFD645DFFD9AC137FD4F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03711p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3711 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Cyprinodontiformes" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFBEE411FFE9FFC24548FF87C051FFE8" masterDocTitle="Annotated list and key to the stream fishes of Trinidad & Tobago" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698350215556" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="281A27A28BDC7063D49FE235ABB117A2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="7DA244858EA658809E975FB603848967">
|
|
<mods:title id="975A046535FDAD0157AC20C2644D8F0B">Annotated list and key to the stream fishes of Trinidad & Tobago</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="1E7424E7DD154D9D314F0A703B8CE1FE" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="EB76B113681279F3ED1A1EAECC43FA32">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="55712B74A4A5B546C500B58CF478E336">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="DA6880547B065E9F1569E5181AB28754">Phillip, Dawn A. T.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="A142DB7A71C859A7C42E296251580032" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="54BEAB4F37FE9CD812A8308FC33E38A3">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="7E4CD14A02A3B9CF6427891EE9D02F9A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="D6B93DFD8B5C7CC78590D2B9E294786C">Taphorn, Donald C.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="FA11FD3E67DB90A82DFDFC3E770628E4" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="8B2C0523429CAD1CC3910BDE0EFC41C0">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="1AC2F0E836B734A1EAEAE86ED31AC2A4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="15032EEF31FC50830AD49D58BA0306A2">Holm, Erling</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="90030F61C99A892DB92E9CC61845BAD4" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="14848F3C5F01915CF92C95E6903EBCB6">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="61E6B1BDCBCB7AF74E598F74EC75722E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="BD46B87A0CC9D4B8EB0618E28415B97B">Gilliam, James F.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="931C90A38D943FE1AC158EC24693637F" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="11D95A33C733E59A2741A15C70AE4703">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="EB560408DDB7D3CBCC5886843A4C6007">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="9A1D963AC9E0B17CFD03821C81E41A2E">Lamphere, Bradley A.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="5ED7EA1265326B170A13BAE79778D9D4" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="A95B3D8360006F163879A380CE55136D">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="C8454618C25DD3F24B4E99AA6A11C52A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="8901259219F9486A9398C048D086F30B">López-Fernández, Hernán</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="E9A4E8CDE055FF6531BE82B3A7BED9E5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="1D1F0797F5DDE11607C4A23DAC15E9F1" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="E988B28D47C32B25D6CB291097F63DEC">
|
|
<mods:title id="D7949A30D7BB51EB25731FC46C082FF6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="C17C40C965EE652DD80D6D55C3AFE199">
|
|
<mods:date id="0EEAD6C4EEBC72C1D6C5DB4EA72508B2">2013</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="529D179E072B6216B937D26179A81731" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="0DEF9B90E41B8B95320905B03769DFD3">3711</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail id="1566988E8198DF37E080ED8A34482E5B" type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number id="70F91B4DF0E9C5EA413DA45EF18965F3">1</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="99B657594D2F0986B27773266E081C9C" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="A5E8CB7E37B0F770E37F1C8B8992D6FA">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="4C029DFF0630A23F924EC082B17B7BD3">64</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification id="A3CFC265FEE19EE72D72042B118ED300">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="34C230E416D9DA4FCB9B042FF1E467C2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3711.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="2F5EB597A9152C51ED9779DABF5072AD" type="GBIF-Dataset">5e40586a-e502-471a-ac38-0d7368e7edc6</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="A711A41885741D85AA8A65C179640391" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="40FA0A34882EED60399C84A8E6418027" type="Zenodo-Dep">284676</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="137AD2C1A3BE467F4785CDECF9B5B05D" type="ZooBank">7D6B537E-A945-417D-9632-58240DA6F6A2</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="03879C69FFFAFFD645DFFD9AC137FD4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6153118" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127665765" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6153118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03879C69FFFAFFD645DFFD9AC137FD4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03879C69FFFAFFD645DFFD9AC137FD4F" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3347EF4FFFAFFD145DFFD9AC1E3FD94" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD145DFFD9AC23FFDDF" blockId="19.[151,622,541,567]" box="[151,622,541,567]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
<heading id="D0D99A13FFFAFFD145DFFD9AC23FFDDF" bold="true" box="[151,622,541,567]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD145DFFD9AC23FFDDF" bold="true" box="[151,622,541,567]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
ORDER
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD14440FD9AC23FFDDF" ID-CoL="335" ID-ENA="28738" box="[264,622,541,567]" class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">CYPRINODONTIFORMES</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD145DFFDE3C1E3FD94" blockId="19.[151,434,612,636]" box="[151,434,612,636]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
FAMILY
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD1444CFDE3C1E3FD94" box="[260,434,612,636]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">POECILIIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C3347EF4FFFAFFD645DFFD2BC137FD4F" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD145DFFD2BC316FD2D" blockId="19.[151,1436,684,997]" box="[151,839,684,709]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD145DFFD2BC252FD2C" authority="Poeser 2003" authorityName="Poeser" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,515,684,709]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boesemani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD145DFFD2BC122FD2D" box="[151,371,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Poecilia boesemani</emphasis>
|
|
Poeser 2003
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[liberty Molly (in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD1479DFD2BC368FD2D" box="[725,825,684,709]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
)]
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD1458FFD48C33AFCC7" blockId="19.[151,1436,684,997]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
Brackish and fresh water (Kenny 1995). Endemic to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD14656FD48C3D1FD00" box="[798,896,719,744]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
, but possibly also present on adjacent mainland
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD145DFFD73C15FFCE5" box="[151,270,756,781]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
|
; described from the Maraval River,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD147EDFD73C355FCE5" box="[677,772,756,781]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Poeser 2003). Internal fertilisation; livebearer; capable of breeding in oceanic water (Kristensen 1970). Omnivore.
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6809AFFFAFFD1465DFC9FC336FCC7" box="[789,871,792,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD1458FFCBAC286FC0D" blockId="19.[151,1436,684,997]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
Recent work by Poeser (2003) has resulted in the division of previous, supposedly widespread,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD14076FCBBC5CAFCBD" box="[1342,1435,828,853]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD14076FCBBC5CAFCBD" box="[1342,1435,828,853]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Poecilia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
“species" into several more locally distributed species, among them
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD146E2FCE6C46EFC90" box="[938,1087,863,888]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boesemani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD146E2FCE6C46EFC90" box="[938,1087,863,888]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. boesemani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD141C1FCD8C4BDFC90" box="[1161,1260,863,888]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Before this,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD140CFFCE6C15EFC75" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boesemani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD140CFFCE6C15EFC75" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. boesemani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD14473FC03C1CBFC75" box="[315,410,900,925]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
was identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD1473EFC02C2AFFC75" box="[630,766,900,925]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphenops">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD1473EFC02C2AFFC75" box="[630,766,900,925]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. sphenops</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with populations in Diego Martin (immediately west of Maraval) and St. Augustine, but Poeser did not include samples from these other populations. It is believed that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD140CFFC2EC0AEFC0D" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sphenops">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD140CFFC2EC0AEFC0D" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. sphenops</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
may have been introduced (Kenny 1995).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD145DFFB93C2A0FBC5" blockId="19.[151,1436,1044,1213]" box="[151,753,1044,1069]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD145DFFB93C191FBC4" authority="Regan 1913" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,448,1044,1069]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picta">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD145DFFB93C162FBC4" box="[151,307,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Poecilia picta</emphasis>
|
|
Regan 1913
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[millions, swamp guppies]
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD1458FFBB0C28CFB54" blockId="19.[151,1436,1044,1213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
Lowland, fresh, and brackish (Reznick
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD147CAFBBEC2E5FBB8" box="[642,692,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1992; Kenny 1995), stagnant and flowing, clear and turbid water (Kenny 1995), in habitats including stream mouths, lagoons and sluggish-flowing water (Reznick
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD14045FBDAC513FB9D" box="[1293,1346,1116,1141]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1992), penetrating far inland in low-elevation streams in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD1478CFBF8C3FCFB70" box="[708,941,1151,1176]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Kenny 1995). Native. Internal fertilisation; livebearer (Reznick
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD14432FB22C1FBFB55" box="[378,426,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1992). Omnivore.
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6809AFFFAFFD147CFFB23C288FB54" box="[647,729,1188,1213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD145DFFB6BC56CFAED" blockId="19.[151,1436,1260,1645]" box="[151,1341,1260,1285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD145DFFB6BC1A0FAED" authority="Peters 1859" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,497,1260,1285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD145DFFB6BC136FAED" box="[151,359,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Poecilia reticulata</emphasis>
|
|
Peters 1859
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[millions, rainbow fish, seven colours, guppy, mosquitofish, big belly fish]
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD1458FFA88C1C8FA7C" blockId="19.[151,1436,1260,1645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
Various habitats, from clear headwaters to turbid lowland streams, standing waters and drainage ditches, throughout
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD14450FAB3C126FAA5" box="[280,375,1332,1357]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Kenny 1995); also some streams in southwest
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD146C5FAB3C3B0FAA5" box="[909,993,1332,1357]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Phillip 1998). Native. Viviparous with continuous, year-long reproduction (Alkins-Koo 2000). Omnivore, feeding on algae and insects (Dussault & Kramer 1981).
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6809AFFFAFFD1440BFAFBC1C5FA7C" box="[323,404,1404,1429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD1458FFA18C300F985" blockId="19.[151,1436,1260,1645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
Schories
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD14478FA26C133FA50" box="[304,354,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. (2009), based a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA, split
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD14044FA26C5C4FA50" box="[1292,1429,1439,1464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD14044FA26C5C4FA50" box="[1292,1429,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. reticulata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, describing a new, cryptic species,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD14750FA43C3E2FA35" box="[536,947,1476,1501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura" subGenus="Acanthophacelus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD14750FA43C224FA35" box="[536,629,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Poecilia</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD147CFFA43C319FA35" box="[647,840,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acanthophacelus</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD14611FA43C3E2FA35" box="[857,947,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">obscura</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, from part of the North Oropuche drainage in east
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD145A1FA60C11DF9E8" box="[233,332,1511,1536]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Baillie (2012) rejects this position based on an analysis of genetic differentiation of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD1405BFA6EC5CDF9E8" box="[1299,1436,1511,1536]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD1405BFA6EC5CDF9E8" box="[1299,1436,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. reticulata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
throughout T&T, citing insufficient genetic separation between the Oropuche and other guppies; there is evidence of gene flow and introgression between the Oropuche guppies and those from other parts of the island. We follow Baillie (2012) in not recognising
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD14743F9D2C2D0F985" box="[523,641,1620,1645]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD14743F9D2C2D0F985" box="[523,641,1620,1645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. obscura</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a valid species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD145DFF91BC3B8F95D" blockId="19.[151,1437,1692,1861]" box="[151,1001,1692,1717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD145DFF91BC224F95C" authority="Bloch & Schneider 1801" authorityName="Bloch & Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,629,1692,1717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Poeciliidae" genus="Poecilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD145DFF91BC109F95C" box="[151,344,1692,1717]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Poecilia vivipara</emphasis>
|
|
Bloch & Schneider 1801
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[swamp guppy, swamp millions]
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD1458FF938C13DF8AC" blockId="19.[151,1437,1692,1861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
Rarely in fresh water, preferring brackish water (Kenny 1995); canals and ditches near swamps (Kenny 1995), in upper, middle, and lower reaches of stream catchments (Figueiredo Medeiros
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD1415DF962C415F915" box="[1045,1092,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2006). In
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFAFFD141F7F963C570F915" box="[1215,1313,1764,1789]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
, it is found in brackish reaches of streams on all but the north coast (Kenny 1995). Native. Internal fertilisation; livebearer. Omnivore.
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6809AFFFAFFD1445EF8ABC139F8AC" box="[278,360,1836,1861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD145DFF814C1CDF843" blockId="19.[151,412,1939,1963]" box="[151,412,1939,1963]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
FAMILY
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD1444CF814C1CDF843" box="[260,412,1939,1963]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">RIVULIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFAFFD645DFF85DC226FED7" blockId="19.[151,1258,2010,2035]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFAFFD145DFF85DC21CF81B" authority="Boulenger 1890" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,589,2010,2035]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Anablepsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFAFFD145DFF85DC12EF81B" box="[151,383,2010,2035]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anablepsoides hartii</emphasis>
|
|
(Boulenger 1890)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[jumping guabine, jump and bend, madfish, small guabine] Widely distributed in streams throughout
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFDFFD647E4FF10C35AFF58" box="[684,779,151,176]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Kenny 1995, Phillip 1998), from headwater streams to drainage ditches and swamps, and from fresh to weakly brackish water; also in some streams accross
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFDFFD64000FF3BC5CDFF3D" box="[1352,1436,188,213]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
|
(Kenny 1995, Phillip 1998). Tolerant of low dissolved oxygen conditions; can tolerate exposure to moist air, and move short distances over land. Native. Sticky eggs deposited on various substrates including living or dead vegetation and gravel. Carnivore.
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6809AFFFDFFD6475CFEAFC222FED7" box="[532,627,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFDFFD6458FFECBC31AFE45" blockId="20.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|
Removed from the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFDFFD644BCFECBC219FE8D" box="[500,584,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFDFFD644BCFECBC219FE8D" box="[500,584,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rivulus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFDFFD6473AFECBC344FE8D" box="[626,789,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Anablepsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFDFFD6473AFECBC344FE8D" box="[626,789,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anablepsoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Costa (2011). Although we here refer to all
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFDFFD64000FECBC5CDFE8D" box="[1352,1436,332,357]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFDFFD64000FECBC5CDFE8D" box="[1352,1436,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rivulus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFDFFD645F8FEE8C102FE60" box="[176,339,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Anablepsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFDFFD645F8FEE8C102FE60" box="[176,339,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anablepsoides</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFDFFD644EBFEE8C253FE60" box="[419,514,367,392]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFDFFD64761FEF7C2D6FE60" box="[553,647,367,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Anablepsoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartii">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFDFFD64761FEF7C2D6FE60" box="[553,647,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A. hartii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, recent genetic work (Walter
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFDFFD6469FFEF6C458FE60" box="[983,1033,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2011) indicates that differentiation has occurred, some of which warrants taxonomic recognition.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFDFFD645DFFE5BC377FE1D" blockId="20.[151,1436,476,680]" box="[151,806,476,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFDFFD645DFFE5BC219FE1C" authority="Poey 1880" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,584,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Kryptolebias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFDFFD645DFFE5BC1E6FE1C" box="[151,439,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Kryptolebias marmoratus</emphasis>
|
|
(Poey 1880)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
[mangrove
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C2E56FCFFFDFFD64787FE5BC371FE1D" box="[719,800,476,501]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">rivulus</taxonomicName>
|
|
]
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B912D7FFFFDFFD6458FFE78C137FD4F" blockId="20.[151,1436,476,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
|
Salt marshes, estuaries, ditches, and puddles with salt to fresh water; tolerant of habitats with low dissolved oxygen; can tolerate long exposure to air (Abel
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFDFFD647E3FDA2C28AFDD5" box="[683,731,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 1987, Sayer 2005). Southwestern peninsula,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3396DEFFFFDFFD64195FDA3C511FDD5" box="[1245,1344,548,573]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Native. Simultaneous, self-fertilising hermaphrodite (Harrington 1961), though there are true males and sexual reproduction in some populations (Mackiewicz
|
|
<emphasis id="B95AF16DFFFDFFD6479EFDEAC341FD6D" box="[726,784,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2006); eggs attached to various surfaces. Carnivore/ omnivore.
|
|
<quantity id="4CD6809AFFFDFFD64458FD17C133FD4F" box="[272,354,656,680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |