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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e86348" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-72-771" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0144727017905A8BBB19C2437EEEDEE7" ID-ZooBank="144C1C641A6A43B7B0042F0D8888338E" ModsDocID="2625-8498-72-771" checkinTime="1662649602986" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez, Omar Rafael Regalado &amp; Werneburg, Ingmar" docDate="2022" docId="FC99D1CB5C8D5A0EB3CE87507BC4379D" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 72: 771-822" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 72" docPubDate="2022-09-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e86348" docTitle="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum Fernández &amp; Werneburg 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B60C4F76-5CFA-4E9A-8745-E98E1CD6D8FC" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="0144727017905A8BBB19C2437EEEDEE7" lastPageNumber="771" masterDocId="0144727017905A8BBB19C2437EEEDEE7" masterDocTitle="A new massopodan sauropodomorph from Trossingen Formation (Germany) hidden as ' Plateosaurus ' for 100 years in the historical Tuebingen collection" masterLastPageNumber="822" masterPageNumber="771" pageNumber="771" updateTime="1662649909238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new massopodan sauropodomorph from Trossingen Formation (Germany) hidden as ' Plateosaurus ' for 100 years in the historical Tuebingen collection</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fernandez, Omar Rafael Regalado</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6247-6181</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Fachbereich Geowissenschaften an der Universitaet Tuebingen, Hoelderlinstrasse 12, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">omar-rafael.regalado-fernandez@mnf.uni-tuebingen.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Werneburg, Ingmar</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1359-2036</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Fachbereich Geowissenschaften an der Universitaet Tuebingen, Hoelderlinstrasse 12, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany &amp; Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment an der Universitaet Tuebingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-09-08</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>72</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>771</mods:start>
<mods:end>822</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e86348</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e86348</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2625-8498-72-771</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">144C1C641A6A43B7B0042F0D8888338E</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">0144727017905A8BBB19C2437EEEDEE7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B60C4F76-5CFA-4E9A-8745-E98E1CD6D8FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC99D1CB5C8D5A0EB3CE87507BC4379D" lastPageNumber="771" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B60C4F76-5CFA-4E9A-8745-E98E1CD6D8FC" authority="Fernández &amp; Werneburg, 2022" authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Tuebingosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum" status="sp. nov.">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="771">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">As for the type and only species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The species name refers to Uwe Fritz and Wolfgang Maier. The former is the editor-in-chief of the journal Vertebrate Zoology, and, in his journal, he facilitated the
<taxonomicName genus="Festschrift" lsidName="Festschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Festschrift</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
edited by Ingmar Werneburg and Irina Ruf in honour of Wolfgang Maier. The latter was a professor of evolutionary zoology in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tübingen">Tuebingen</normalizedToken>
from 1987 to 2007, and the
<taxonomicName genus="Festschrift" lsidName="Festschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Festschrift</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was published on the occasion of his 80th birthday in 2022.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
GPIT-PV-30787, specimen historically referred to as ' GPIT
<normalizedToken originalValue="IV’">IV'</normalizedToken>
, comprising a complete pelvis (three sacral vertebrae, two ilia, two pubes, two ischia), five anterior caudal vertebrae, four chevrons, left femur, left tibia, left and right fibulae, left astragalus, left calcaneum, metatarsal I, pedal fingers 3 and 4 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Reconstruction of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum gen. et sp. nov. as a quadruped dinosaur, using the outline of Riojasaurus as a base - next to the silhouette of Friedrich von Huene. The drawing of the bones is based on and modified from the original illustrations of specimen &quot; GPIT IV &quot; in von Huene (1932, pl. 38) that have been replicated in the literature. The right fibula is marked in grey as it was found nearby with similar measurements to the left fibula and has been assumed to be part of the same individual." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739728" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739728" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Reconstruction of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">gen. et sp. nov.</emphasis>
as a quadruped dinosaur, using the outline of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a base - next to the silhouette of Friedrich von Huene. The drawing of the bones is based on and modified from the original illustrations of specimen &quot; GPIT IV&quot; in
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B88" refString="von Huene, F, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1-361." title="Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1 - 361." year="1932">von Huene (1932</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 38) that have been replicated in the literature. The right fibula is marked in grey as it was found nearby with similar measurements to the left fibula and has been assumed to be part of the same individual.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Sauropodomorph with a unique combination of features: a fused pair of primordial sacrals; a robust and rugose expansion in the postacetabular process of the ilium; a pentagonal outline in the distal surface of the tibia, characterised by an additional posterior projection; a deep lateroventral fossa on the anterior margin of the astragalus; a ventrally directed heel with a lateral projection on the lateral articulation of the astragalus supporting the reduced calcaneum.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Description and comparison.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The anatomic terminology adopted in this work follows
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" editor="Weishampel, DB" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="232 - 258" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/­10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0014" refId="B65" refString="Galton, PM, Upchurch, P, 2004. Prosauropoda. In: Weishampel, DB, Dodson, P, Osmolska, H, Eds., The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley: 232 - 258, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/-10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0014" title="Prosauropoda." url="http://dx.doi.org/­10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0014" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria (second edition)." year="2004">Galton and Upchurch (2004)</bibRefCitation>
for general anatomy,
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011178" author="Wilson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="639 - 653" refId="B183" refString="Wilson, JA, 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in Sauropods and other Saurischian Dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (4): 639 - 653, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011178" title="A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in Sauropods and other Saurischian Dinosaurs." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.1999.10011178" volume="19" year="1999">Wilson (1999)</bibRefCitation>
for vertebral laminae,
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017114" author="Wilson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Contribution from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B185" refString="Wilson, JA, D'Emic, MD, Ikejiri, T, Moacdieh, EM, Whitlock, JA, 2011. A nomenclature for vertebral fossae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. PLoS ONE 6(2): e17114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017114" title="A nomenclature for vertebral fossae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. PLoS ONE 6 (2): e 17114." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017114" year="2011">Wilson et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
for vertebral fossae, and
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Contribution from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="59 - 69" publicationUrl="http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89589" refId="B184" refString="Wilson, JA, 2011. Anatomical terminology for the sacrum of sauropod dinosaurs. Contribution from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan 32 (5): 59 - 69, http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89589" title="Anatomical terminology for the sacrum of sauropod dinosaurs." url="http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89589" volume="32" year="2011">Wilson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
for the sacrum. Stacked photographs of the bones produced the plates Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Pedal phalanges I to III of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - E Phalanx I. 1, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), distal (C), proximal (D), right lateral I views (F). Pedal digit II in dorsal view: G - I Phalanx II. 2 in left lateral (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views, (J) ungual II in left lateral view, (K) Pedal digit III in dorsal view. L - M Phalanx III. 1 in left lateral (L) and distal (M) views, (N) Phalanx III. 2 in left lateral view, (O) Phalanx III. 3 in left lateral view and, (P) ungual III in left lateral view. The outlines on the left corner, reconstructions of the feet of Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: colp, collateral ligament pit, dd, dorsal depression, mf, medial flange, I, pedal digit I, V pedal digit V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739741" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">18</figureCitation>
, and the scale is an approximate reference. Every object has a scale in a different plane, roughly scaled up to the same size. However, for accurate measurements, please refer to the tables or the raw photographs stored in Morphobank.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Specimen GPIT-PV-30787 was referred to as
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
'
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1913" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus longiceps" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longiceps">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus longiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
' by
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Paleobiologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="435 - 502" refId="B56" refString="Galton, PM, 2001b. The prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha; Upper Triassic). II. Notes on the referred species. Revue de Paleobiologie 20 (2): 435 - 502" title="The prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha; Upper Triassic). II. Notes on the referred species." volume="20" year="2001 b">Galton (2001b)</bibRefCitation>
. The specimen was first illustrated by
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B88" refString="von Huene, F, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1-361." title="Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1 - 361." year="1932">von Huene (1932)</bibRefCitation>
in his plate 38 and includes elements of the left forelimb (radius, metacarpal IV, phalanges from the fingers I, II and III), a sacrum with a pelvic girdle (including left and right ilia, left and right pubes, and left and right ischia), the first five anterior caudal vertebrae, and the left hindlimb (femur, tibia, fibula, and pes) (
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B88" refString="von Huene, F, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1-361." title="Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1 - 361." year="1932">von Huene 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" journalOrPublisher="C. A. S, Burgos" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="25 - 92" refId="B55" refString="Galton, PM, 2001a. Prosauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of Germany. In: Actas de las I Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologia de Dinosaurios y su Entorno (Spain), September 1999. C.A.S, Burgos: 25 - 92" title="Prosauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Triassic of Germany." volumeTitle="Actas de las I Jornadas Internacionales sobre Paleontologia de Dinosaurios y su Entorno (Spain), September 1999." year="2001 a">Galton 2001a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.1. sacrum (figs 6–7, table 4)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.1. Sacrum (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Surface scan of the pelvis of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in posterodorsal view and some cross sections organised from the anterior to the posterior views. A Cross sections in sagittal planes along the first primordial sacral 1 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. B Cross sections in sagittal planes along the primordial sacral 2 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. C Cross sections in sagittal planes along the caudosacral vertebra are ordered along the anteroposterior axis. Abbreviations: icf 1, intracostal fenestra 1; icf 2, intracostal fenestra 2; icf 3, intracostal fenestra 3; il, ilium; ip, ischidiac peduncle; ns, neural spine; rs 1, sacral rib 1; rs 2, sacral rib 2; rs 3, sacral rib 3; sa, supraacetabular crest." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739730" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">7</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Measurements (in mm) of the sacral vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AA60130BDC4C408A5DA310FD698B7534" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="AA60130BDC4C408A5DA310FD698B7534">4</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The sacrum of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is composed of two sacrals and one caudosacral. Sacral 1 and sacral 2 have co-ossified neural spines, whereas the caudosacral is broken at the anterior corner of the neural spine, and it is not possible to know if the co-ossification extends all the neural height of the caudosacral (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
). Most early-diverging sauropodomorphs possess three sacral vertebrae, unlike early sauropods with four. Due to the distortion, it is possible to see more fine details through the left-hand side (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
). The neural spines of sacral 1 and sacral 2 have an expanded spinal table. The intercostal fenestrae are small and face ventrally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
); the alar process of the sacral rib is extensive, articulating with most of the medial iliac surface, and the acetabular process is thinner and posteriorly displaced compared to the alar process (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Surface scan of the pelvis of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in posterodorsal view and some cross sections organised from the anterior to the posterior views. A Cross sections in sagittal planes along the first primordial sacral 1 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. B Cross sections in sagittal planes along the primordial sacral 2 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. C Cross sections in sagittal planes along the caudosacral vertebra are ordered along the anteroposterior axis. Abbreviations: icf 1, intracostal fenestra 1; icf 2, intracostal fenestra 2; icf 3, intracostal fenestra 3; il, ilium; ip, ischidiac peduncle; ns, neural spine; rs 1, sacral rib 1; rs 2, sacral rib 2; rs 3, sacral rib 3; sa, supraacetabular crest." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739730" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">7</figureCitation>
). The sacral ribs between sacrals 1 and 2 form a large dorsal intercostal foramen (icf1) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Surface scan of the pelvis of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in posterodorsal view and some cross sections organised from the anterior to the posterior views. A Cross sections in sagittal planes along the first primordial sacral 1 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. B Cross sections in sagittal planes along the primordial sacral 2 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. C Cross sections in sagittal planes along the caudosacral vertebra are ordered along the anteroposterior axis. Abbreviations: icf 1, intracostal fenestra 1; icf 2, intracostal fenestra 2; icf 3, intracostal fenestra 3; il, ilium; ip, ischidiac peduncle; ns, neural spine; rs 1, sacral rib 1; rs 2, sacral rib 2; rs 3, sacral rib 3; sa, supraacetabular crest." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739730" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">7</figureCitation>
). Sacral 1 has an intercostal foramen that is anteriorly facing. The anterior articular surface of sacral 1 is slightly concave, with parallel lateral margins and a rounded ventral margin. The centrum of sacral 1 is fused to sacral 2, but the suture between them is still visible. The prezygapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa (prcdf) is discernible, with very thick centroprezygapophyseal lamina (cprl) and a thicker prezygodiapophyseal laminae (prdl). Sacral 1 has a spinoprezygapophyseal laminae (sprl) with a rounded margin that meets at the base of the neural spine, where they merge into a prespinal lamina (prsl). Sacral 1 also has a thick strut in the spinopostzygapophyseal lamina (spol) position. It is unclear if there is an intracostal foramen in the second sacral rib. The centrum of sacral 2 is not completely fused into the caudosacral, with a pronounced suture. Through icf1, it is possible to see that sacral 2 also has a prezygodiapophyseal lamina (prdl) and a prezygodiapophyseal fossa. The second ala of the sacrum is thicker than the first one, with a developed dorsal shelf in the alar process.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="AA60130BDC4C408A5DA310FD698B7534" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AA60130BDC4C408A5DA310FD698B7534" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 4" startId="T4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 4.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of the sacral vertebrae of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Measurements</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">S1</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">S2</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">CS</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anterior centrum height (ACH)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">117.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">101.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">134.3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anterior centrum width (ACW)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">126.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">103.47</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">136.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Centrum length (CL)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">104.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">117.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">95.3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Neural spine length (NSL)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">153.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">147.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">100</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Posterior centrum height (PCH)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">94.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">109.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">128.2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Posterior centrum width (PCW)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">131</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">130</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">127</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Sacral rib length (mediolateral) (SRL)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">122.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">128.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">86</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total height of vertebra (VH)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">255</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">262.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">211.1*</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
right lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
posterior view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
anterior view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">D</emphasis>
dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus brevis" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevis">Coloradisaurus brevis</taxonomicName>
fossa; Ca1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S1, sacral 1; S2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr1, sacral rib 1; sr2, sacral rib 2.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739730" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Surface scan of the pelvis of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787) in posterodorsal view and some cross sections organised from the anterior to the posterior views.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
Cross sections in sagittal planes along the first primordial sacral 1 ordered along the anteroposterior axis.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
Cross sections in sagittal planes along the primordial sacral 2 ordered along the anteroposterior axis.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
Cross sections in sagittal planes along the caudosacral vertebra are ordered along the anteroposterior axis. Abbreviations: icf1, intracostal fenestra 1; icf2, intracostal fenestra 2; icf3, intracostal fenestra 3; il, ilium; ip, ischidiac peduncle; ns, neural spine; rs1, sacral rib 1; rs2, sacral rib 2; rs3, sacral rib 3; sa, supraacetabular crest.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The anterior corner of the neural spine of the caudosacral is broken. The neural spine of the caudosacral also has an expanded dorsal table. The morphology of the caudosacral rib is similar to that of sacral rib 2, with the alar process expanding towards the iliac surface after a median depression that expands into the intracostal foramen 2. The caudosacral rib is not separated into alar and acetabular projections. The caudosacral rib articulates with the medial side of the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus brevis" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevis">Coloradisaurus brevis</taxonomicName>
fossa, and a suture between these two elements is quite clear (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
). A cavity suggests a spinodiapophyseal lamina (spdl) in sacral 2 and a prespinal lamina (prsl) in the caudosacral (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
). The caudosacral has two developed rounded struts in the position of the spinopostzygapophyseal lamina (spol); they remain separated along with the height of the neural spine (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.2. anterior caudal vertebrae (fig. 8–9, table 5)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.2. Anterior caudal vertebrae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Chevrons of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in anterior (A, C, F, G), posterior (B) and right lateral (D, E) views. Abbreviations: b, chevron blade, bb, bony bridge, car, chevron articular surface, hc, haemal canal, pg, posterior groove." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739732" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">9</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Measurements (in mm) of the anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum. The &quot; - &quot; indicates that the element does not have the landmarks to measure it. The * indicates minimum length due to breakage." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/452414EA224C45A10AC77D0AE2C5B25B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="452414EA224C45A10AC77D0AE2C5B25B">5</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The first five anterior caudal vertebrae are preserved (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). The morphology of the vertebrae is typical of non-eusauropodan sauropodomorphs, amphicoelous, and constricted mediolaterally with a deeply concave ventral surface in lateral view. The ventral margin of the articular surfaces has a thickened lip that serves as the articulation point for the chevrons (= haemal arches). In
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yates &amp; Kitching" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Antetonitrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antetonitrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Antetonitrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Yates and Kitching, 2003, the centrum is higher than long, a trait also observed in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and as in many early sauropodomorphs, the lamination is reduced. The neural arches extend along the centrum length, starting at the anterior articular surface and ending short of the posterior centrum margin.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="452414EA224C45A10AC77D0AE2C5B25B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/452414EA224C45A10AC77D0AE2C5B25B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 5" startId="T5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 5.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of the anterior caudal vertebrae of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The
<normalizedToken originalValue="“-”">&quot;-&quot;</normalizedToken>
indicates that the element does not have the landmarks to measure it. The * indicates minimum length due to breakage.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Measurements</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">ACa1</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">ACa2</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">ACa3</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">ACa4</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">ACa5</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anterior centrum height (ACH)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">131.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">148.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">101.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">101.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">94.2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anterior centrum width (ACW)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">205.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">114.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">118.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">102.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Centrum length (CL)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">103.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">88.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">82.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">80.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">80.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of diapophysis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">105.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">84.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">103.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">96.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">106.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of prezygapophysis</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">73.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">31.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">55.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">39.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Neural spine height (NSH)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">126.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">165.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">185.0*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">153.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Posterior centrum height (PCH)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">122.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">105.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">91.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">88.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Posterior centrum width (PCW)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">215.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">105.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">91.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">103.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total height of vertebra (VH)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">260</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">285.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">270.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">245.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">205*</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Anterior caudal vertebrae of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787):
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">E</emphasis>
second anterior caudal vertebrae;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">F</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">I</emphasis>
third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">J</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">L</emphasis>
fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The first caudal vertebra is attached to the sacrum (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Surface scan of the pelvis of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in posterodorsal view and some cross sections organised from the anterior to the posterior views. A Cross sections in sagittal planes along the first primordial sacral 1 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. B Cross sections in sagittal planes along the primordial sacral 2 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. C Cross sections in sagittal planes along the caudosacral vertebra are ordered along the anteroposterior axis. Abbreviations: icf 1, intracostal fenestra 1; icf 2, intracostal fenestra 2; icf 3, intracostal fenestra 3; il, ilium; ip, ischidiac peduncle; ns, neural spine; rs 1, sacral rib 1; rs 2, sacral rib 2; rs 3, sacral rib 3; sa, supraacetabular crest." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739730" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">7</figureCitation>
). The posteroventral corner of the centrum has been remodelled with plaster. Unlike the sacrals, the first caudal is apneumatic. The posterior articular surface is markedly convex on the ventral end, but a concavity extends below the neural arch. The neural spine ends in a knob-like structure, not a dorsal table like the preceding sacral vertebrae. The spinoprezygapophyseal lamina (sprl) meets at the midline at the base of the neural spine and forms an expanded pre-spinal lamina. The spinopost-zygapophyseal laminae (spol) run from this knob-like structure to the postzygapophyses without forming a postspinal lamina. The diapophyses and the parapophyses are fused, but the former is longer than the latter allowing to distinguish both processes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The second anterior caudal vertebra is obliquely twisted, with a deeply concave anterior articular surface and a shallow concave posterior articular surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). The prezygapophyses, the postzygapophyses and the distal tip of the neural spine are broken. The ventral margin of the anterior articular surface has a large ventral lip for the chevron articulation, but the morphology of this process is difficult to assess due to distortion and breakage (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). On both sides of the central body, there is a shallow concavity corresponding to a shallow centrodiapophyseal fossa (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Surface scan of the pelvis of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in posterodorsal view and some cross sections organised from the anterior to the posterior views. A Cross sections in sagittal planes along the first primordial sacral 1 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. B Cross sections in sagittal planes along the primordial sacral 2 ordered along the anteroposterior axis. C Cross sections in sagittal planes along the caudosacral vertebra are ordered along the anteroposterior axis. Abbreviations: icf 1, intracostal fenestra 1; icf 2, intracostal fenestra 2; icf 3, intracostal fenestra 3; il, ilium; ip, ischidiac peduncle; ns, neural spine; rs 1, sacral rib 1; rs 2, sacral rib 2; rs 3, sacral rib 3; sa, supraacetabular crest." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739730" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">7</figureCitation>
). The anterior articular surface is also more prominent than the posterior articular surface. The anterior margin of the neural spine is set more posteriorly than the position of the prezygapophyses, lending it a saddle-shaped outline, possibly due to a prominent spinoprezygapophyseal lamina (sprl) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). A distinct and broad anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (acdl) is discernible. The spinopostzygapophyseal laminae run along the posterior margin of the neural spine, but the cortical bone is lost towards the tip, and it is impossible to know if they meet (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Two anterior caudal vertebrae are preserved fused, and according to the illustration made by
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B88" refString="von Huene, F, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1-361." title="Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1 - 361." year="1932">von Huene (1932)</bibRefCitation>
documenting the specimen, they correspond to the third and fourth caudal vertebrae. The vertebrae are dorsoventrally compressed on the right side (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). The posterior part of the third anterior caudal neural arch is damaged, but a hypanthrum was present (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). The neural canal is circular, and the diapophyses are oriented laterally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). It is not possible to discern the shape of the articular
<normalizedToken originalValue="surface’s">surface's</normalizedToken>
outline due to the distortion (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). The ventral lips on the posterior surfaces are wider than the ventral lips on the anterior surfaces. The neural arch is twice as high as the central height in both vertebrae. The spinoprezygapophyseal laminae meet at the base of the neural spine, whereas the spinopostzygapophyseal laminae remain separated throughout the neural spine, and in the third anterior caudal, there is a somewhat deep sulcus separating the two laminae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). The neural spines retain a constant width and end in a rounded dorsal surface with no mediolateral expansion. The prezygapophyses of the third anterior caudal are broken at the tips, and they seem to be dorsolaterally oriented, whereas the prezygapo-physes of the fourth anterior caudal end in a point and are dorsally oriented. The anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (acdl) is broad and short, only present in the second anterior vertebra (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). The postzygapophyses are placed higher than the prezygapophyses in both neural arches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The fifth anterior caudal vertebra is broken with part of the posterior half missing and has the same oblique twisting, even more markedly than in the preceding vertebrae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Anterior caudal vertebrae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787): A - E second anterior caudal vertebrae; F - I third and fourth anterior caudal vertebrae; J - L fifth anterior caudal vertebrae; in right lateral (A, F, J), in dorsal (B, I, L), in anterior (C, G, K), in posterior (D, H), and ventral (E) views. Abbreviations: cva, chevron articular surface, d, diapophysis, ns, neural spine, pr, prezygapophyses, pr 1, prezygapophysis in third anterior caudal, pr 2, prezygapophysis in fourth anterior caudal, pz, postzygapophysis, spof, spinopostzygapophseal fossa, spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, sprf, spinoprezygapophseal fossa, sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739731" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">8</figureCitation>
). As in the previous caudal vertebrae, the anterior articular surface is deeply concave, but the ventral margins are damaged, and the outline is unclear. The neural arch is slightly shorter than the centrum length, set posterior to the anterior articular surface and anterior to the posterior articular surface. The anterior margin of the neural spine is well set posterior to the anterior articular surface, aligned with the diapophysis. The prezygapo-physes do not have the same tip morphology as the preceding vertebrae; instead, they are dorsoventrally widened in the proximal part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Four chevrons are preserved and based on the description by
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B88" refString="von Huene, F, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1-361." title="Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1 - 361." year="1932">von Huene (1932)</bibRefCitation>
, corresponding to the three anterior-most chevrons. The chevrons have a closed Y-shaped chevron, with two proximal rami placed on each side of the haemal canal and distally composed of a laterally compressed blade. Proximally, the haemal canal is closed by a bony bridge connecting both rami and closing the canal dorsally. The chevrons have a straight outline in lateral view (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Chevrons of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in anterior (A, C, F, G), posterior (B) and right lateral (D, E) views. Abbreviations: b, chevron blade, bb, bony bridge, car, chevron articular surface, hc, haemal canal, pg, posterior groove." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739732" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">9</figureCitation>
). All chevrons show signs of compressive deformation, and two are complete. In the two complete chevrons, it is possible to see a posterior grove extending until the
<normalizedToken originalValue="blade’s">blade's</normalizedToken>
mid-shaft (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Chevrons of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in anterior (A, C, F, G), posterior (B) and right lateral (D, E) views. Abbreviations: b, chevron blade, bb, bony bridge, car, chevron articular surface, hc, haemal canal, pg, posterior groove." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739732" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739732" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Chevrons of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787) in anterior (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">F</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">G</emphasis>
), posterior (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
) and right lateral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">D</emphasis>
,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">E</emphasis>
) views. Abbreviations: b, chevron blade, bb, bony bridge, car, chevron articular surface, hc, haemal canal, pg, posterior groove.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.3. ilium (fig. 6, table 6)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.3. Ilium (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Measurements (in mm) of both ilia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum. Left ilium was tectonically deformed (δ)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1937BDBEE0E037FD7E6FC86300D31D07" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="1937BDBEE0E037FD7E6FC86300D31D07">6</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The pre-acetabular process resembles other early-diverging sauropodomorphs in being a triangular projection rather than a vertically tall subtriangular plate seen in more advanced sauropodomorphs. The pre-acetabular process is facing anteriorly in both lateral and dorsal views, and on both ilia, there is a bulge on the lateral surface of the processes. In addition, a preacetabular ridge is present in both ilia (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The dorsal margin of the ilium is different on the left and right sides, suggesting a diagenetic distortion of the specimen that has slightly compressed the right-hand side and expanded the left-hand side (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
). The dorsal margin in the lateral view is convex in the middle portion, with two slight inflexions at the pre- and post-ace-tabular processes. The ilium of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trossingensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P. trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30784) has a sigmoid dorsal margin in lateral view, and in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Melanorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanorosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Melanorosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ilium is stepped. A stepped ilium is also present in the Ellingen material (
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, M" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3 - 186" refId="B124" refString="Moser, M, 2003. ' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria. Zitteliana B 24: 3 - 186" title="' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria." volume="24" year="2003">Moser 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The iliac blade is thinner dorsal to the acetabulum than the postacetabular process. The lateral surface of both ilia is concave along the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes, but the degree of the concavity is different on both sides due to the distortion. This concave surface extends ventrally to a point close to the acetabular margin, as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peyre de Fabregues &amp; Allain" authorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" genus="Meroktenos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meroktenos" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Meroktenos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In non-sauropod sauropodomorphs, this surface is restricted to the dorsal half of the iliac blade, as illustrated in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Young, C-C" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 59164" refId="B196" refString="Young, C-C, 1941. A complete osteology of Lufengosaurus huenei Young (gen. et sp. nov) from Lufeng, Yunnan, China. Palaeontologia Sinica, New Series C 7: 1 - 59164" title="A complete osteology of Lufengosaurus huenei Young (gen. et sp. nov) from Lufeng, Yunnan, China." volume="7" year="1941">Young 1941</bibRefCitation>
), the Ellingen material (
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, M" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3 - 186" refId="B124" refString="Moser, M, 2003. ' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria. Zitteliana B 24: 3 - 186" title="' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria." volume="24" year="2003">Moser 2003</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bonaparte 1971). The iliac blade of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very high, approximately two-thirds of the iliac height, a condition shared with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peyre de Fabregues &amp; Allain" authorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" genus="Meroktenos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meroktenos" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Meroktenos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="1937BDBEE0E037FD7E6FC86300D31D07" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1937BDBEE0E037FD7E6FC86300D31D07" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 6" startId="T6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 6.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of both ilia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Left ilium was tectonically deformed (δ).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Measurements</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Left (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Right (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total length (between tips of the preacetabular and postacetabular processes)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">438</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">428.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total length (between distal tips of the ischiadic and pubic peduncles)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">314.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">269.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Main body height dorsal to supraacetabular flange</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">164.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">176</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Preacetabular process length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">76.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">83.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Postacetabular process length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">171.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">142.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Pubic peduncle length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">177.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">154.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Pubic peduncle, transverse width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">84.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">83.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Pubic peduncle distal end, anteroposterior length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">59.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">67.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Ischiadic peduncle length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">71.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">86.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Ischiadic peduncle, transverse width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">65.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">65</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Maximum acetabulum length (between peduncles)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
214.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="δ">δ</normalizedToken>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
170.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="δ">δ</normalizedToken>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The acetabulum is fully open like in most sauropodomorphs, except for
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Pantydraco" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantydraco" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Pantydraco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Galton and Ker-mack, 2010),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Eoraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eoraptor" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Eoraptor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361064a0" author="Sereno, PC" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="64 - 66" refId="B169" refString="Sereno, PC, Forster, CA, Rogers, RR, Monetta, AR, 1993. Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria. Nature 361 (6407): 64 - 66, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361064a0" title="Primitive dinosaur skeleton from Argentina and the early evolution of Dinosauria." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/361064a0" volume="361" year="1993">Sereno et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName genus="Burio­lestes" lsidName="Burio­lestes" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Burio-lestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.040" author="Cabreira, SF" journalOrPublisher="Current Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3090 - 3095" refId="B25" refString="Cabreira, SF, Kellner, AWA, Dias-da-Silva, S, Roberto da Silva, L, Bronzati, MF, Marsola, JCA, Mueller, RT, Bittencourt, JS, Batista, BJA, Raugust, T, Carrilho, R, Brodt, A, Langer, MC, 2016. A unique Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage reveals dinosaur ancestral anatomy and diet. Current Biology 26: 3090 - 3095, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.040" title="A unique Late Triassic dinosauromorph assemblage reveals dinosaur ancestral anatomy and diet." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.040" volume="26" year="2016">Cabreira et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
. The acetabular region is dorsoventrally high with a pronounced medial wall, similar to the morphology described for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Marsh, 1885 (
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="121 - 159" refId="B61" refString="Galton, PM, Cluver, MA, 1976. Anchisaurus capensis (Broom) and a revision of the Anchisauridae (Reptilia, Saurischia). Annals of the South African Museum 69 (6): 121 - 159" title="Anchisaurus capensis (Broom) and a revision of the Anchisauridae (Reptilia, Saurischia)." volume="69" year="1976">Galton and Cluver 1976</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Yunnanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yunnanosaurus youngi" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="youngi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Yunnanosaurus youngi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Lue, J" journalOrPublisher="Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 15" refId="B110" refString="Lue, J, Li, T, Zhong, S, Azuma, Y, Fujita, M, Dong, Z, Ji, Q, 2007. New yunnanosaurid dinosaur (Dinosauria, Prosauropoda) From the Middle Jurassic Zhanghe Formation of Yuanmou, Yunnan province of China. Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 6: 1 - 15" title="New yunnanosaurid dinosaur (Dinosauria, Prosauropoda) From the Middle Jurassic Zhanghe Formation of Yuanmou, Yunnan province of China." volume="6" year="2007">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lü">Lue</normalizedToken>
et al., 2007
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The pubic peduncle is prominent and projects anteriorly to the anterior tip of the pre-acetabular process (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
). The transverse cross-section through the pubic peduncle is laterally expanded and medially narrow, giving it a D-shape in distal view. The lateral margin is expanded into a supraacetabular ridge extending well above the acetabulum, similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trossingensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P. trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30784). The pubic peduncle is distally expanded lateral view when compared to its base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The ischial peduncle is prominent and anteroposteriorly wide, and the articular surface extends posteriorly, forming a
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘heel’">'heel'</normalizedToken>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
), and this character is present in the Ellingen material (
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, M" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3 - 186" refId="B124" refString="Moser, M, 2003. ' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria. Zitteliana B 24: 3 - 186" title="' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria." volume="24" year="2003">Moser 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Heerden 1979) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Melanorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanorosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Melanorosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" editor="Carpenter, K" journalOrPublisher="Indiana University Press, Bloomington" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B66" refString="Galton, PM, van Heerden, J, Yates, AM, 2005. Postcranial anatomy of referred specimens of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Melanorosaurus from the Upper Triassic of South Africa. In: Carpenter, K, Tidwell, V, Eds., Thunder-Lizards: The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington: 1 - 37" title="Postcranial anatomy of referred specimens of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Melanorosaurus from the Upper Triassic of South Africa." volumeTitle="Thunder-Lizards: The Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs." year="2005">Galton et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). However, the ischial heel in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trossingensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P. trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30785) and BSP 1962 (
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, M" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3 - 186" refId="B124" refString="Moser, M, 2003. ' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria. Zitteliana B 24: 3 - 186" title="' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria." volume="24" year="2003">Moser 2003</bibRefCitation>
) is more acute than in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, the ischial peduncle is positioned at the mid-length of the ilium, producing an elongated postacetabular process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The postacetabular process comprises about 48% of the ilium length and is widened transversely towards the posterior-most corner of the postacetabular process, in contrast to the narrow dorsal margin like in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="2001" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Ruehleia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ruehleia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Ruehleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.) and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.). The ventral margin of the postacetabular process is ventrally deflected at the most posterodorsal corner and does not meet the posterodorsal margin of the postacetabular process (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
). The lateral profile of the postacetabular process is square-ended with rounded margins, as also occurs in more derived sauropodomorphs and contrasts with the acute lateral outline seen in other early-diverging sauropodomorphs such as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="2001" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Ruehleia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ruehleia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Ruehleia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1995" class="Reptilia" genus="Jingshanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jingshanosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Jingshanosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The base of the postacetabular process and the base of the ischial peduncle are connected by a strongly developed
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus brevis" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevis">Coloradisaurus brevis</taxonomicName>
fossa with an M-shaped posterior margin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Ilia, sacrum and anterior caudal vertebra of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B posterior view; C anterior view; D dorsal view. Abbreviations: bf, Coloradisaurus brevis fossa; Ca 1, anterior caudal 1; CS, caudosacral; csr, caudal sacral rib; ib, iliac blade; ilp, ischiadic peduncle; isva 1,2, intercostal space ventral aperture; paf, preacetabular fossa; pap, preacetabular process; par, iliac preacetabular ridge; pop, postacetabular process; prz, prezygapophyses; pup, pubic peduncle; S 1, sacral 1; S 2, sacral 2; sac, supracetabular crest; sr 1, sacral rib 1; sr 2, sacral rib 2." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739729" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">6</figureCitation>
). The
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus brevis" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevis">Coloradisaurus brevis</taxonomicName>
shelf is lost in sauropods but present in most dinosaurs as a plesiomorphic state (Gaton and Kermack, 2010). The postacetabular process of the ilium is 1.08 times longer than the distance between the ischiadic and the pubic peduncle (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 6" captionStartId="T6" captionText="Table 6. Measurements (in mm) of both ilia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum. Left ilium was tectonically deformed (δ)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1937BDBEE0E037FD7E6FC86300D31D07" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="1937BDBEE0E037FD7E6FC86300D31D07">6</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.4. pubis (fig. 10, table 7)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.4. Pubis (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Pubes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - C Right pubis in (A) lateral, (B) anterior, (C) medial views. D - F Left pubis in (D) posterior, (E) anterior, (F) lateral views. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ap, pubic apron; ila, iliac articular surface; ip, ischiadic peduncle; isa, ischiadic articular surface; ml, median lamina; op, obturator plate; pp, proximal plate. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739733" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">10</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (in mm) of both pubes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum. Left pubis is tectonically deformed. The * indicates minimum length due to breakage. The δ indicates deformation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/583B79FD38BA31A00D2AF7A7E04EEC34" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="583B79FD38BA31A00D2AF7A7E04EEC34">7</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Both pubes are preserved, although the left pubis has the obturator plate medially broken and is deformed in the proximal end (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Pubes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - C Right pubis in (A) lateral, (B) anterior, (C) medial views. D - F Left pubis in (D) posterior, (E) anterior, (F) lateral views. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ap, pubic apron; ila, iliac articular surface; ip, ischiadic peduncle; isa, ischiadic articular surface; ml, median lamina; op, obturator plate; pp, proximal plate. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739733" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">10</figureCitation>
). As in most early-diverging sauropodomorphs, the pubis is long and slender, whereas sauropods have broad pubes (
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" editor="Weishampel, DB" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="232 - 258" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/­10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0014" refId="B65" refString="Galton, PM, Upchurch, P, 2004. Prosauropoda. In: Weishampel, DB, Dodson, P, Osmolska, H, Eds., The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley: 232 - 258, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/-10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0014" title="Prosauropoda." url="http://dx.doi.org/­10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0014" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria (second edition)." year="2004">Galton and Upchurch 2004</bibRefCitation>
). The proximal end is slightly twisted and laterally expanded in the anterior view, followed by a plate-like shaft that continues towards the distal end (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Pubes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - C Right pubis in (A) lateral, (B) anterior, (C) medial views. D - F Left pubis in (D) posterior, (E) anterior, (F) lateral views. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ap, pubic apron; ila, iliac articular surface; ip, ischiadic peduncle; isa, ischiadic articular surface; ml, median lamina; op, obturator plate; pp, proximal plate. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739733" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">10</figureCitation>
). The overall morphology is similar to that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yates &amp; Kitching" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Antetonitrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antetonitrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Antetonitrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BP/1/4952), but in the medial view, the proximal end is anterodorsally expanded, as the condition in the Ellingen material (BSP 1962, in Pl. 30,
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, M" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3 - 186" refId="B124" refString="Moser, M, 2003. ' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria. Zitteliana B 24: 3 - 186" title="' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria." volume="24" year="2003">Moser 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The iliac peduncle is not laterally expanded, giving the pubis straight medial and lateral margins in the anterior view, unlike the more derived condition in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yates &amp; Kitching" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Antetonitrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antetonitrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Antetonitrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1972" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Vulcanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanodon" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Vulcanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Raath, 1972, that have a waisted outline, and the
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘intermediate’">'intermediate'</normalizedToken>
slightly concave condition in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Massospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massospondylus carinatus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Massospondylus carinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739733" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Pubes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
Right pubis in (A) lateral, (B) anterior, (C) medial views.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">D</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">F</emphasis>
Left pubis in (D) posterior, (E) anterior, (F) lateral views. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ap, pubic apron; ila, iliac articular surface; ip, ischiadic peduncle; isa, ischiadic articular surface; ml, median lamina; op, obturator plate; pp, proximal plate. Scale bar: 50 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
In
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trossingensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P. trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200), the ischiadic articular surface is separated by an ample nonarticular surface from the iliac articular surface (
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, M" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3 - 186" refId="B124" refString="Moser, M, 2003. ' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria. Zitteliana B 24: 3 - 186" title="' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria." volume="24" year="2003">Moser 2003</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast, in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ischiadic articular surface is separated from the iliac articular surface by a deep borrow, giving the distinctive sauropodomorph morphology of inflexion in the proximal anterior pubic profile. This borrow is present on both pubes, although the iliac articular surface in the left pubes is broken off (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Pubes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - C Right pubis in (A) lateral, (B) anterior, (C) medial views. D - F Left pubis in (D) posterior, (E) anterior, (F) lateral views. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ap, pubic apron; ila, iliac articular surface; ip, ischiadic peduncle; isa, ischiadic articular surface; ml, median lamina; op, obturator plate; pp, proximal plate. Scale bar: 50 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739733" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">10</figureCitation>
). The obturator foramen is relatively large and fully visible in lateral view, unlike in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yates &amp; Kitching" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Antetonitrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antetonitrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Antetonitrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the iliac peduncle obscures the obturator foramen. The iliac pedicel of the pubis partially occludes the obturator foramen in anterior view, a character shared with
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saturnalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saturnalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(00)80025-7" author="Langer, MC" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="511 - 517" refId="B103" refString="Langer, MC, Abdala, F, Richter, M, Benton, MJ, 1999. A sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of southern Brazil. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 329 (7): 511 - 517, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(00)80025-7" title="A sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Upper Triassic (Carnian) of southern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1251-8050(00)80025-7" volume="329" year="1999">Langer et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Guaibasauridae" genus="Guaibasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Guaibasaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Guaibasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte, JF" journalOrPublisher="In: Tomida Y, Rich TH, and Vickers-Rich P (Eds) Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium, National Science Museum Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="89 - 109" refId="B16" refString="Bonaparte, JF, Ferigolo, J, Ribeiro, M, 1999. A new early Late Triassic saurischian dinosaur from Rio Grande do Sol state, Brazil. In: Tomida Y, Rich TH, and Vickers-Rich P (Eds) Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium, National Science Museum Monographs 15: 89 - 109" title="A new early Late Triassic saurischian dinosaur from Rio Grande do Sol state, Brazil." volume="15" year="1999">Bonaparte et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
. The pubic plate is approximately one-quarter of the total pubic length, measured from the proximal articular surface of the iliac peduncle to the distal surface of the pubic apron, a condition also observed in the Ellingen material (BSP 1962, Pl. 30,
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, M" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3 - 186" refId="B124" refString="Moser, M, 2003. ' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria. Zitteliana B 24: 3 - 186" title="' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria." volume="24" year="2003">Moser 2003</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Adeopapposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adeopapposaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Adeopapposaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yates &amp; Kitching" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Antetonitrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antetonitrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Antetonitrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peyre de Fabregues &amp; Allain" authorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" genus="Meroktenos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meroktenos" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Meroktenos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" genus="Lessemsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lessemsaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lessemsaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1972" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Vulcanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanodon" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Vulcanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pubic plate is closer to a third of the pubic length and is almost half the length in eusauropods, e.g.,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Giraffatitan brancai" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brancai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Giraffatitan brancai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Janensch, 1914) (MB.R.2180). As in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distal end of the pubic apron is markedly anteroposteriorly expanded, and unlike
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yates &amp; Kitching" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Antetonitrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antetonitrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Antetonitrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peyre de Fabregues &amp; Allain" authorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" genus="Meroktenos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meroktenos" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Meroktenos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is a pubic tubercle present on the left pubis, very prominently and directly ventral to the obturator foramen, but the same area on the right pubis is damaged. This pubic tubercle is present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="1973" class="Reptilia" family="Anchisauridae" genus="Efraasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Efraasia" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Efraasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1932" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Plateosauravus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosauravus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosauravus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201903001007" author="Yates, AM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 42" refId="B187" refString="Yates, AM, 2003b. A new species of the primitive dinosaur Theocodontosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) and d its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2003 (1): 1 - 42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201903001007" title="A new species of the primitive dinosaur Theocodontosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) and d its implications for the systematics of early dinosaurs." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1477201903001007" volume="2003" year="2003 b">Yates 2003b</bibRefCitation>
, 2007).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="583B79FD38BA31A00D2AF7A7E04EEC34" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/583B79FD38BA31A00D2AF7A7E04EEC34" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 7" startId="T7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 7.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of both pubes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Left pubis is tectonically deformed. The * indicates minimum length due to breakage. The
<normalizedToken originalValue="δ">δ</normalizedToken>
indicates deformation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Measurements</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Left (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Right (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total length (iliac articulation to distal end)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">560.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">560.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Proximal end, maximum width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">230.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">160.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Obturator foramen, maximum diameter (anterposterior)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">85.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
69.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="δ">δ</normalizedToken>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Obturator foramen, minimum diameter (mediolateral)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">50.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
61.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="δ">δ</normalizedToken>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Shaft, minimum width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">14.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">8.7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Shaft, distal width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">46.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">52.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Shaft, anteroposterior length distal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">43.6*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">54.8</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The conjoined width of the pubes represents 38% of the total length of the pubis (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (in mm) of both pubes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum. Left pubis is tectonically deformed. The * indicates minimum length due to breakage. The δ indicates deformation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/583B79FD38BA31A00D2AF7A7E04EEC34" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="583B79FD38BA31A00D2AF7A7E04EEC34">7</tableCitation>
), unlike in more derived sauropodomorphs where the conjoined width of the pubes is larger than 75% of the pubic length. In addition, the minimum transverse width of the apron is 28% larger than the distance between the pubic and ischiadic peduncle of the ilium; a condition shared with most early-diverging sauropodomorphs and like more derived sauropodomorphs, where the width of the pubic apron is smaller than 40% of the distance between the iliac peduncles (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Measurements (in mm) of both pubes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum. Left pubis is tectonically deformed. The * indicates minimum length due to breakage. The δ indicates deformation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/583B79FD38BA31A00D2AF7A7E04EEC34" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="583B79FD38BA31A00D2AF7A7E04EEC34">7</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.5. ischium (fig. 11, table 8)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.5. Ischium (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Conjoined ischia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B proximal view; C left lateral view; D distal view. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ari, articular surface for the ilium; arp, articular surface for the pubis; de, distal expansion; dr, dorsal ridge; nf, non-articular fossa; op, obturator plate; vm, ventral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739734" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">11</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 8" captionStartId="T8" captionText="Table 8. Measurements (in mm) of both ischia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum. Left pubis is tectonically deformed. The &quot; - &quot; indicates that the element does not have the landmarks to measure it." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CE61E0E8E4B92FFEEC68025CB46D262A" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="CE61E0E8E4B92FFEEC68025CB46D262A">8</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Both ischia in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are preserved and fused along the midline (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Conjoined ischia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B proximal view; C left lateral view; D distal view. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ari, articular surface for the ilium; arp, articular surface for the pubis; de, distal expansion; dr, dorsal ridge; nf, non-articular fossa; op, obturator plate; vm, ventral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739734" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">11</figureCitation>
). As in many early-diverging sauropodomorphs, the ischia are almost rod-like and subtriangular structures where the ischiadic plate is the thinnest region and occupies the proximal third of the bone. As in
<taxonomicName genus="Colorodisaurus" lsidName="Colorodisaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Colorodisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the proximal plate is medially concave and laterally convex, but unlike
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distal end is not as dorsoventrally expanded and lacks their sub-ovoid morphology. The cortical end on the distal end is not preserved, and only the general morphology can be discerned, and it is not possible to know if there was a posteriorly directed heel as seen in SMNS 13200.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more strongly dorsoventrally expanded axis than the mediolateral axis, a condition shared with
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739734" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Conjoined ischia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
right lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
proximal view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
left lateral view;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">D</emphasis>
distal view. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ari, articular surface for the ilium; arp, articular surface for the pubis; de, distal expansion; dr, dorsal ridge; nf, non-articular fossa; op, obturator plate; vm, ventral margin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The pubic process is widest transversely at the acetabular margin and tapers ventrally, giving it a V-shaped outline (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Conjoined ischia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B proximal view; C left lateral view; D distal view. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ari, articular surface for the ilium; arp, articular surface for the pubis; de, distal expansion; dr, dorsal ridge; nf, non-articular fossa; op, obturator plate; vm, ventral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739734" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">11</figureCitation>
). The mediolateral expansion corresponds to a medial projection that makes the internal border of the acetabular foramen. The ventral margin is expanded in the proximal part of the ischium forming an obturator plate but drastically decreases where the ischiadic shaft starts, with a notch separating the posteroventral end of the ischial obturator plate and the ischial shaft, which then retains a constant dorsoventral width up to the distalmost third where the distal expansion starts (Yates and Kitching, 2003) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Conjoined ischia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B proximal view; C left lateral view; D distal view. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ari, articular surface for the ilium; arp, articular surface for the pubis; de, distal expansion; dr, dorsal ridge; nf, non-articular fossa; op, obturator plate; vm, ventral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739734" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">11</figureCitation>
). The iliac peduncle has a distinctive morphology, as posterior to the iliac articular surface, there is a concavity followed by a posteriorly oriented projection, which is not seen in the original illustration (
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B88" refString="von Huene, F, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1-361." title="Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1 - 361." year="1932">von Huene 1932</bibRefCitation>
) nor other sauropodomorphs. Along the proximal part of the ischium is a well-developed and deep longitudinal dorsolateral sulcus, a common condition in sauropodomorphs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Conjoined ischia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B proximal view; C left lateral view; D distal view. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ari, articular surface for the ilium; arp, articular surface for the pubis; de, distal expansion; dr, dorsal ridge; nf, non-articular fossa; op, obturator plate; vm, ventral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739734" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">11</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the ventral margins of the pubic process meet up to a third of the length of the ischiadic shaft, unlike in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trossingensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P. trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30784 and GPIT-PV-30785, as illustrated in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x" author="Yates, AM" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="317 - 337" refId="B186" refString="Yates, AM, 2003a. The species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Loewenstein Formation. Palaeontology 46 (2): 317 - 337, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x" title="The species taxonomy of the sauropodomorph dinosaurs from the Loewenstein Formation." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-0239.2003.00301.x" volume="46" year="2003 a">Yates 2003a</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the margins met by the beginning of the ischium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distal end of the ischiadic shaft ends in a distal expansion (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Conjoined ischia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B proximal view; C left lateral view; D distal view. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ari, articular surface for the ilium; arp, articular surface for the pubis; de, distal expansion; dr, dorsal ridge; nf, non-articular fossa; op, obturator plate; vm, ventral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739734" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">11</figureCitation>
). In the distal view, the medial margin that meets the antimere is higher than the lateral margin. Only the left ischium has the distal surface of the distal expansion preserved, showing a subquadrangular outline (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Conjoined ischia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A right lateral view; B proximal view; C left lateral view; D distal view. Abbreviations: am, acetabular margin; ari, articular surface for the ilium; arp, articular surface for the pubis; de, distal expansion; dr, dorsal ridge; nf, non-articular fossa; op, obturator plate; vm, ventral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739734" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">11</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200), the distal expansion has a more subtriangular outline, where the medial expansion is four times larger than the lateral margin, and the lateral margin ends more in a point. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the anteroposterior length of the medial margin is slightly shorter than the lateromedial length of the distal surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
In contrast, in
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200), the anteroposterior length of the medial margin is almost three times as big as the lateromedial length, giving the distal expansion in
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a more gracile shape. The morphology of the distal expansion is similar, then, to
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" author="Otero, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1138 - 1168" refId="B134" refString="Otero, A, Pol, D, 2013. Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1138 - 1168, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" title="Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" volume="33" year="2013">Otero and Pol 2013</bibRefCitation>
). However, in the lateral view, the distal expansion has a small anterior projection, that in
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200) has more of a heel-like morphology, in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more triangular; this triangular expansion is unlike
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" author="Otero, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1138 - 1168" refId="B134" refString="Otero, A, Pol, D, 2013. Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1138 - 1168, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" title="Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" volume="33" year="2013">Otero and Pol 2013</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs.), where is a continuous expansion that starts from the midshaft.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="CE61E0E8E4B92FFEEC68025CB46D262A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/CE61E0E8E4B92FFEEC68025CB46D262A" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 8" startId="T8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 8.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of both ischia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Left pubis is tectonically deformed. The
<normalizedToken originalValue="“-”">&quot;-&quot;</normalizedToken>
indicates that the element does not have the landmarks to measure it.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Measurements</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Left (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Right (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total length (from the distal end to the point where the acetabular margin meets the pubic articulation)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">490</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">485</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of the pubic articulation</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">94.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">108.7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Transverse width of the pubic articulation at its dorsal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">61.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">73.3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Width of the proximal end (from iliac articulation to the ventral end of the pubic articulation)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">24.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">23.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Minimum dorsoventral width of the distal shaft (at approximately mid-length of the shaft).</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">22.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">23.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Dorsoventral width of the distal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">87.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Maximum transverse width of the distal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">94.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Transverse width of iliac articulation</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">96.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">104.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.6. femur (fig. 12, table 9, 10)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.6. Femur (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Left femur of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in (A) posterior, (B) medial, (C) anterior, (D) lateral, (E) proximal, (F) distal views. The medial condyle is separated from the rest of the bone by plaster, and the shape of the medial condyle is reconstructed as a square, following a typical morphology in early diverging sauropodomorphs. The panel below shows the distal outlines in other non-sauropod sauropodomorphs: Yunnanosaurus huangi (IVPP V 20), Lufengosaurus (IVPP V 15), Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904), Sarahsaurus (TMM 43646 - 2), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A). Abbreviations: fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; lt, lesser (= anterior) trochanter; mc, medial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest; ts, trochanteric shelf." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739735" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">12</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="T9" captionText="Table 9. Measurements (in mm) of the left femur of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum. Eccentricity index is expressed as a ratio of mediolateral width at midshaft / anteroposterior width at midshaft. The robustness index is expressed as a total length / circumference ratio under the fourth trochanter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1D023164DE3F2F88A719C6B52974103E" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="1D023164DE3F2F88A719C6B52974103E">9</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. Comparative femoral measurements of massopodans. The specimens are ordered according to the femoral length (a). a. Total femoral length, b. Mediolateral width of the femoral head, c. Anteroposterior width of the femoral head, d. Midshaft mediolateral width, e. Midshaft anteroposterior width, f. Distal mediolateral width, g. Distal anteroposterior width, h. Circumference under the fourth trochanter, i. Distal expansion of fourth trochanter, j. Eccentricity index, k. Robustness index. Eccentricity index is expressed as a ratio of mediolateral width at midshaft / anteroposterior width at midshaft. The robustness index is expressed as a ratio of total length / circumference under the fourth trochanter. Data was taken from Peyre de Fabregues and Allain (2016) and first-hand assessments." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9C709F3B6EE3E55D45C0EA6DBB7EA77E" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="9C709F3B6EE3E55D45C0EA6DBB7EA77E">10</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, only the left femur is partially preserved, missing most of the medial condyle, and the medial condyle is reconstructed in the distal end with plaster (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Left femur of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in (A) posterior, (B) medial, (C) anterior, (D) lateral, (E) proximal, (F) distal views. The medial condyle is separated from the rest of the bone by plaster, and the shape of the medial condyle is reconstructed as a square, following a typical morphology in early diverging sauropodomorphs. The panel below shows the distal outlines in other non-sauropod sauropodomorphs: Yunnanosaurus huangi (IVPP V 20), Lufengosaurus (IVPP V 15), Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904), Sarahsaurus (TMM 43646 - 2), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A). Abbreviations: fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; lt, lesser (= anterior) trochanter; mc, medial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest; ts, trochanteric shelf." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739735" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">12</figureCitation>
). The femur has the general morphology seen in early sauropodomorphs, straight in an anterior view and curved in a lateral view (
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" editor="Weishampel, DB" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="232 - 258" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/­10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0014" refId="B65" refString="Galton, PM, Upchurch, P, 2004. Prosauropoda. In: Weishampel, DB, Dodson, P, Osmolska, H, Eds., The Dinosauria (second edition). University of California Press, Berkeley: 232 - 258, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/-10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0014" title="Prosauropoda." url="http://dx.doi.org/­10.1525/california/9780520242098.003.0014" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria (second edition)." year="2004">Galton and Upchurch 2004</bibRefCitation>
, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Left femur of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in (A) posterior, (B) medial, (C) anterior, (D) lateral, (E) proximal, (F) distal views. The medial condyle is separated from the rest of the bone by plaster, and the shape of the medial condyle is reconstructed as a square, following a typical morphology in early diverging sauropodomorphs. The panel below shows the distal outlines in other non-sauropod sauropodomorphs: Yunnanosaurus huangi (IVPP V 20), Lufengosaurus (IVPP V 15), Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904), Sarahsaurus (TMM 43646 - 2), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A). Abbreviations: fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; lt, lesser (= anterior) trochanter; mc, medial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest; ts, trochanteric shelf." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739735" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">12</figureCitation>
). In the earliest forms, like
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buriolestes" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Buriolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018), the femur is curved in the anterior and lateral view, whereas in more derived forms, like in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Barapasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Barapasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Barapasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1975.0014" author="Jain, LS" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="221 - 228" refId="B95" refString="Jain, LS, Kutty, TS, Roy-Chowdhury, T, Chatterjee, S, 1975. The sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Kota Formation of India. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 188: 221 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1975.0014" title="The sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Kota Formation of India." url="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1975.0014" volume="188" year="1975">Jain et al., 1975</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00933.x" author="Bandyopadhyay, S" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="533 - 569" refId="B7" refString="Bandyopadhyay, S, Gillette, DD, Ray, S, Sengupta, DP, 2010. Osteology of Barapasaurus tagorei (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Jurassic of India. Palaeontology 53 (3): 533 - 569, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00933.x" title="Osteology of Barapasaurus tagorei (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Jurassic of India." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00933.x" volume="53" year="2010">Bandyopadhyay et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
), it is straight in both views. In specimen SMNS 13200, the femoral head is slightly visible in lateral view, not fully medially inturned, whereas, in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the femoral head is completely inturned and hidden in lateral view.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739735" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 12.</emphasis>
Left femur of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787) in (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
) posterior, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
) medial, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
) anterior, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">D</emphasis>
) lateral, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">E</emphasis>
) proximal, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">F</emphasis>
) distal views. The medial condyle is separated from the rest of the bone by plaster, and the shape of the medial condyle is reconstructed as a square, following a typical morphology in early diverging sauropodomorphs. The panel below shows the distal outlines in other non-sauropod sauropodomorphs:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" genus="Yunnanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yunnanosaurus huangi" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huangi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Yunnanosaurus huangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IVPP V20),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IVPP V15),
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PVL 5904),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Sarahsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sarahsaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Sarahsaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TMM 43646-2),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MLP 68-II-27-1 specimen A). Abbreviations: fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; lt, lesser (= anterior) trochanter; mc, medial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest; ts, trochanteric shelf.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The femoral head is broken on its anterior half, missing the anteromedial and anterolateral features. The sulcus for the ligamentum capitis femoralis is flat, compared to the marked concavity in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buriolestes" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Buriolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018), followed by a markedly concave but narrow facies articularis antitrochanterica. No proximal groove is on the proximal surface, like the one seen in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buriolestes" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Buriolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The lesser trochanter is prominent, a feature shared with specimen SMNS 13200 (
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, M" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3 - 186" refId="B124" refString="Moser, M, 2003. ' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria. Zitteliana B 24: 3 - 186" title="' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria." volume="24" year="2003">Moser 2003</bibRefCitation>
), but unlike in SMNS 13200, the dorsolateral trochanter (= trochanter major) is only a small bump, whereas in SMNS 13200 is a more developed protuberance. In the fourth trochanter in SMNS 13200, the dorsal margin and the ventral are parallel and similarly slope dorsoventrally (
<bibRefCitation author="Moser, M" journalOrPublisher="Zitteliana B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="3 - 186" refId="B124" refString="Moser, M, 2003. ' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria. Zitteliana B 24: 3 - 186" title="' Plateosaurus engelhardti ' Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Feuerletten (Middle Keuper; Upper Triassic) of Bavaria." volume="24" year="2003">Moser 2003</bibRefCitation>
). The femur in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the fourth trochanter with a dorsal margin running dorsoventrally and a ventral margin running more horizontally, giving the fourth trochanter a somewhat trapezoid shape (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Left femur of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in (A) posterior, (B) medial, (C) anterior, (D) lateral, (E) proximal, (F) distal views. The medial condyle is separated from the rest of the bone by plaster, and the shape of the medial condyle is reconstructed as a square, following a typical morphology in early diverging sauropodomorphs. The panel below shows the distal outlines in other non-sauropod sauropodomorphs: Yunnanosaurus huangi (IVPP V 20), Lufengosaurus (IVPP V 15), Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904), Sarahsaurus (TMM 43646 - 2), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A). Abbreviations: fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; lt, lesser (= anterior) trochanter; mc, medial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest; ts, trochanteric shelf." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739735" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">12</figureCitation>
), quite similar to the morphology seen in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bonaparte 1972). In
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the dorsal margin runs dorsoventrally but not so steeply, whereas the ventral margin runs ventrodorsally with a more pronounced slope, giving the fourth trochanter a distinctive trapezoidal shape in an inverted orientation compared to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01198.x" author="Apaldetti, C" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="277 - 301" refId="B3" refString="Apaldetti, C, Pol, D, Yates, AM, 2013. The postcranial anatomy of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic and its phylogenetic implications. Palaeontology 56 (2): 277 - 301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01198.x" title="The postcranial anatomy of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic and its phylogenetic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01198.x" volume="56" year="2013">Apaldetti et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buriolestes" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Buriolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" journalOrPublisher="Postilla" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 98" refId="B45" refString="Galton, PM, 1976. Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia: Saurischia) of North America. Postilla 169: 1 - 98" title="Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia: Saurischia) of North America." volume="169" year="1976">Galton 1976</bibRefCitation>
), the fourth trochanter has a tra-pezoidal shape, with the dorsal margin running dorsoventrally and the ventral margin running ventrodorsally, both with similar slopes, giving the fourth trochanter a regular trapezoid shape. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" author="Otero, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1138 - 1168" refId="B134" refString="Otero, A, Pol, D, 2013. Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1138 - 1168, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" title="Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" volume="33" year="2013">Otero and Pol 2013</bibRefCitation>
), the dorsal and ventral margins run somewhat parallel, close to the horizontal, but have markedly curved edges. In
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buriolestes" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Buriolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018), the fourth trochanter is closer to the medial margin along the mediolateral axis. In the medial view, the medial surface expands continuously onto the fourth trochanter; in the lateral view, there is an inflexion separating the lateral surface from the fourth trochanter. This same condition is observed in SMNS 13200, where the medial surface is continuously expanded onto the fourth trochanter plate in anteromedial view but separated from the lateral surface by an inflexion. The fourth trochanter in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the same morphology, and this condition can be found in other early sauropodomorphs, e.g.,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Bonaparte 1972),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" journalOrPublisher="Postilla" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 98" refId="B45" refString="Galton, PM, 1976. Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia: Saurischia) of North America. Postilla 169: 1 - 98" title="Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia: Saurischia) of North America." volume="169" year="1976">Galton 1976</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.859147" author="Apaldetti, C" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleonto-logy" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1113 - 1132" refId="B5" refString="Apaldetti, C, Martinez, RN, Pol, D, Souter, T, 2014. Redescription of the sull of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic Los Colorados Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Union Basin, northwestern Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleonto-logy 34: 1113 - 1132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.859147" title="Redescription of the sull of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic Los Colorados Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Union Basin, northwestern Argentina." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.859147" volume="34" year="2014">Apaldetti et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" author="Otero, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1138 - 1168" refId="B134" refString="Otero, A, Pol, D, 2013. Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1138 - 1168, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" title="Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" volume="33" year="2013">Otero and Pol 2013</bibRefCitation>
), the fourth trochanter is closer to the lateral side, and the lateral surface continuously expands onto the fourth trochanter, whereas a marked inflexion separates the posterior surface from the fourth trochanter.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="1D023164DE3F2F88A719C6B52974103E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1D023164DE3F2F88A719C6B52974103E" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 9" startId="T9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 9.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of the left femur of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Eccentricity index is expressed as a ratio of mediolateral width at midshaft/anteroposterior width at midshaft. The robustness index is expressed as a total length/circumference ratio under the fourth trochanter.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Measurements in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Length (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total femoral length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">755.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Mediolateral width of the femoral head</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">75.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anteroposterior width of the femoral head</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Midshaft mediolateral width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">91.7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Midshaft anteroposterior width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">82.2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal mediolateral width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">90.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="2">Distal anteroposterior width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">153.3 with condyle</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">111.2 without condyle</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Circumference under the fourth trochanter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">306.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal expansion of the fourth trochanter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">127</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Eccentricity index</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.15</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Robustness index</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.46</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
In the distal view, the median portion of the femur is reconstructed by plaster, but the outline seems more ovoid (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Left femur of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in (A) posterior, (B) medial, (C) anterior, (D) lateral, (E) proximal, (F) distal views. The medial condyle is separated from the rest of the bone by plaster, and the shape of the medial condyle is reconstructed as a square, following a typical morphology in early diverging sauropodomorphs. The panel below shows the distal outlines in other non-sauropod sauropodomorphs: Yunnanosaurus huangi (IVPP V 20), Lufengosaurus (IVPP V 15), Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904), Sarahsaurus (TMM 43646 - 2), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A). Abbreviations: fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; lc, lateral condyle; lt, lesser (= anterior) trochanter; mc, medial condyle; tfc, tibiofibular crest; ts, trochanteric shelf." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739735" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">12</figureCitation>
). For instance, in SMNS 13200 and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the mediolateral axis is considerably longer than the anteroposterior one, giving the distal surface a more flattened elliptical shape. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distal end is hourglass-shaped, with a marked popliteal fossa posterior and a deep extensor depression anteriorly. Due to the plaster, it is impossible to know which of these two morphotypes is present in the femur. An extensor depression is present in most sauropodomorphs, except for the earliest forms, such as
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buriolestes" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Buriolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saturnalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saturnalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Pantydraco" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pantydraco" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Pantydraco</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="1973" class="Reptilia" family="Anchisauridae" genus="Efraasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Efraasia" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Efraasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 12216, pers. obs.). The plaster in the specimen does not outline an extensor depression, imitating the plesiomorphic condition. In
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buriolestes" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Buriolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
et al. 2018), the medial condyle and the anterolateral tuber are similar, with a very lateromedially reduced lateral condyle. In
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the medial condyle is the most prominent of the three condyles, and the tibiofibular condyle has a triangular outline, unlike the quadrangular one seen in earlier forms. The lateral condyle is laterally projected and separated from the tibiofibular condyle by a significant inflexion. The condylar morphology of
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also seen in SMNS 13200 and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Galton, PM" journalOrPublisher="Postilla" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 98" refId="B45" refString="Galton, PM, 1976. Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia: Saurischia) of North America. Postilla 169: 1 - 98" title="Prosauropod dinosaurs (Reptilia: Saurischia) of North America." volume="169" year="1976">Galton 1976</bibRefCitation>
). Despite the plaster, the medial condyle is larger in the lateromedial axis than the tibiofibular condyle. The lateral condyle is laterally projected and separated from the tibiofibular condyle by an inflexion, although not as marked as in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The morphology in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unclear, as this portion is broken off (
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" author="Otero, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1138 - 1168" refId="B134" refString="Otero, A, Pol, D, 2013. Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1138 - 1168, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" title="Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" volume="33" year="2013">Otero and Pol 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore, a Ward clustering of the measurements in sauropodomorph femora in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="T10" captionText="Table 10. Comparative femoral measurements of massopodans. The specimens are ordered according to the femoral length (a). a. Total femoral length, b. Mediolateral width of the femoral head, c. Anteroposterior width of the femoral head, d. Midshaft mediolateral width, e. Midshaft anteroposterior width, f. Distal mediolateral width, g. Distal anteroposterior width, h. Circumference under the fourth trochanter, i. Distal expansion of fourth trochanter, j. Eccentricity index, k. Robustness index. Eccentricity index is expressed as a ratio of mediolateral width at midshaft / anteroposterior width at midshaft. The robustness index is expressed as a ratio of total length / circumference under the fourth trochanter. Data was taken from Peyre de Fabregues and Allain (2016) and first-hand assessments." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9C709F3B6EE3E55D45C0EA6DBB7EA77E" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="9C709F3B6EE3E55D45C0EA6DBB7EA77E">10</tableCitation>
, showing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is placed in a cluster with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" genus="Lessemsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lessemsaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lessemsaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Appendix 3, Figure A1).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="9C709F3B6EE3E55D45C0EA6DBB7EA77E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9C709F3B6EE3E55D45C0EA6DBB7EA77E" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 10" startId="T10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 10.</emphasis>
Comparative femoral measurements of massopodans. The specimens are ordered according to the femoral length (a). a. Total femoral length, b. Mediolateral width of the femoral head, c. Anteroposterior width of the femoral head, d. Midshaft mediolateral width, e. Midshaft anteroposterior width, f. Distal mediolateral width, g. Distal anteroposterior width, h. Circumference under the fourth trochanter, i. Distal expansion of fourth trochanter, j. Eccentricity index, k. Robustness index. Eccentricity index is expressed as a ratio of mediolateral width at midshaft/anteroposterior width at midshaft. The robustness index is expressed as a ratio of total length/circumference under the fourth trochanter. Data was taken from Peyre de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fabreguès">Fabregues</normalizedToken>
and Allain (2016) and first-hand assessments.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Specimens</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">a.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">b.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">c.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">d.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">e.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">f.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">g.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">h.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">i.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">j.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">k.</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Massospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massospondylus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Massospondylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM-PK-402)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">247</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">72</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">30</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">32</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">27</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">96</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">125</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.18</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.57</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Massospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massospondylus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Massospondylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM-PK-393)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">390</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">87</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">51</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">43</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">51</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">98</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">70</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">141</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">183</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">0.84</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.77</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peyre de Fabregues &amp; Allain" authorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" genus="Meroktenos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meroktenos" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Meroktenos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MNHN.F.LES16c)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">480</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">153</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">57</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">82</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">52</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">136</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">78</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">230</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">280</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.09</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PVL 5904)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">508</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">118</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">65</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">62</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">147</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">112</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1911" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Gryponyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gryponyx" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Gryponyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM-PK-7919)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">535</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">67</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">68</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">107</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">121</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">205</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">290</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">0.99</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.61</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Melanorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanorosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Melanorosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NM QR1551)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">623</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">139</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">80</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">93</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">66</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">183</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">88</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">266</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">305</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.41</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.34</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Melanorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanorosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Melanorosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM-PK-3450)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">624</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">173</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">69</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">103</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">77</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">172</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">110</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">273</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">350</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.34</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.29</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Aardonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aardonyx" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Aardonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BP/1/6510)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">682</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">188</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">91</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">169</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">110</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">284</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">380</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">0.96</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MLP 68-II-27-1)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">700</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">169*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">73</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">96</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">77</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">169</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">110</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">755</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">75.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">92</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">82</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">91</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">111</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">306</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">127</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.46</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" genus="Lessemsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lessemsaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lessemsaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PVL 4822/65)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">772</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">211</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">107</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">106</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">243</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yates &amp; Kitching" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Antetonitrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antetonitrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Antetonitrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BP/1/4952)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">775</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">208</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">114</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">142</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">94</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">270*</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">150</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">410</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">450</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.51</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.89</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30784)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">580</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">125</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">72</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">66</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">121</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">107</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">198</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.92</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30785)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">580</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">149</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">69</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">146</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">98</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">224</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">1.07</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">2.59</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.7. tibia (fig. 13, table 11)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.7. Tibia (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Left tibia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in the centre, and outlines in other sauropodomorphs for comparisons. The left tibia is shown in (A) proximal, (B) lateral, (C) medial and (D) distal views. The panels to the left and right show the proximal and distal outlines, respectively, of four sauropodomorphs: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1) and Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 380). The outlines are not set to scale. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process, aspa, articular surface for the ascending process, cn, cnemial crest, lc, lateral condyle, mc, medial condyle, plp, posterolateral process." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739736" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">13</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. Measurements (in mm) of the left tibia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43A2854650BCC39C4D8531A51F25865C" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="43A2854650BCC39C4D8531A51F25865C">11</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The tibia is approximately 0.85 times the length of the femur (Tables
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="T9" captionText="Table 9. Measurements (in mm) of the left femur of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum. Eccentricity index is expressed as a ratio of mediolateral width at midshaft / anteroposterior width at midshaft. The robustness index is expressed as a total length / circumference ratio under the fourth trochanter." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1D023164DE3F2F88A719C6B52974103E" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="1D023164DE3F2F88A719C6B52974103E">9</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 11" captionStartId="T11" captionText="Table 11. Measurements (in mm) of the left tibia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43A2854650BCC39C4D8531A51F25865C" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="43A2854650BCC39C4D8531A51F25865C">11</tableCitation>
), a proportion similar to all non-eusauropod sauropodomorphs (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01198.x" author="Apaldetti, C" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="277 - 301" refId="B3" refString="Apaldetti, C, Pol, D, Yates, AM, 2013. The postcranial anatomy of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic and its phylogenetic implications. Palaeontology 56 (2): 277 - 301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01198.x" title="The postcranial anatomy of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic and its phylogenetic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01198.x" volume="56" year="2013">Apaldetti et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). The anteroposterior axis of the proximal end is horizontal in lateral view as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas the anteroposterior axis in specimen SMNS 13200 and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dorsoventrally skewed. In the proximal view, the proximal end of the tibia has a scalene shape, with the medial condyle posteriorly expanded relative to the medial condyle and the cnemial crest facing laterally (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Left tibia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in the centre, and outlines in other sauropodomorphs for comparisons. The left tibia is shown in (A) proximal, (B) lateral, (C) medial and (D) distal views. The panels to the left and right show the proximal and distal outlines, respectively, of four sauropodomorphs: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1) and Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 380). The outlines are not set to scale. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process, aspa, articular surface for the ascending process, cn, cnemial crest, lc, lateral condyle, mc, medial condyle, plp, posterolateral process." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739736" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">13</figureCitation>
). In specimen SMNS 13200, the medial and lateral condyles are roughly aligned, and the cnemial crest is more anteriorly oriented. In
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the medial and lateral condyles are roughly aligned, but the cnemial crest is laterally oriented, whereas, in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the proximal outline is similar to that of specimen
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In earlier forms, such as in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Buriolestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buriolestes" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Buriolestes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the cnemial crest is laterally oriented, forming a 90 degrees angle with the anteroposterior axis of the proximal end of the tibia. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the fibular articular surface has a large protuberance, similar to the outline in SMNS 13200, although this protuberance is less pronounced. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this protuberance is more like a small tuber (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Left tibia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in the centre, and outlines in other sauropodomorphs for comparisons. The left tibia is shown in (A) proximal, (B) lateral, (C) medial and (D) distal views. The panels to the left and right show the proximal and distal outlines, respectively, of four sauropodomorphs: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1) and Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 380). The outlines are not set to scale. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process, aspa, articular surface for the ascending process, cn, cnemial crest, lc, lateral condyle, mc, medial condyle, plp, posterolateral process." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739736" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="43A2854650BCC39C4D8531A51F25865C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43A2854650BCC39C4D8531A51F25865C" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 11" startId="T11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 11.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of the left tibia of
<taxonomicName family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum." order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Measurements</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Length (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">640</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Transverse width of the proximal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">130</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anteroposterior length of the proximal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">240</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Transverse width of the shaft at midlength</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">82.2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anteroposterior length of the shaft at midlength</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">59.3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anteroposterior length of the distal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">87.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Transverse width of the distal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">130.1</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739736" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 13.</emphasis>
Left tibia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787) in the centre, and outlines in other sauropodomorphs for comparisons. The left tibia is shown in (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
) proximal, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
) lateral, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
) medial and (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">D</emphasis>
) distal views. The panels to the left and right show the proximal and distal outlines, respectively, of four sauropodomorphs:
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PVL 5904),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MLP 68-II-27-1) and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tazoudasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tazoudasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(To1-380). The outlines are not set to scale. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process, aspa, articular surface for the ascending process, cn, cnemial crest, lc, lateral condyle, mc, medial condyle, plp, posterolateral process.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The shaft of the tibia is straight with a sub-elliptical cross-section. The distal end has a quadrangular outline, with two lateral processes, the anterolateral and posterolateral processes, and a posteromedial and an anterolateral condyle (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Left tibia of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in the centre, and outlines in other sauropodomorphs for comparisons. The left tibia is shown in (A) proximal, (B) lateral, (C) medial and (D) distal views. The panels to the left and right show the proximal and distal outlines, respectively, of four sauropodomorphs: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1) and Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 380). The outlines are not set to scale. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process, aspa, articular surface for the ascending process, cn, cnemial crest, lc, lateral condyle, mc, medial condyle, plp, posterolateral process." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739736" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">13</figureCitation>
). The anterolateral process is twice as wide as the posterolateral process. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the medial surface has an additional projection not seen in other sauropodomorphs. In
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the anteromedial process is medially expanded relative to the posteromedial condyle, a feature seen in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Adeopapposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adeopapposaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Adeopapposaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and SMNS 13200. The distal end is lateromedially elongated, and in the posterior view, the posterolateral process (= posteroventral process, = caudoventral process) is distally expanded relative to the anterolateral process and reaches the lateral margin of the distal tibia, a condition shared with SMNS 13200,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Riojasaurus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Adeopapposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adeopapposaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Adeopapposaurus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but unlike
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Aardonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aardonyx" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Aardonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1440" author="Yates, AM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="787 - 794" refId="B194" refString="Yates, AM, Bonnan, MF, Neveling, J, Chinsamy, A, Blackbeard, M G, 2010. A new transitional sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa and the evolution of sauropod feeding and quadrupedalism. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277 (1682): 787 - 794, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1440" title="A new transitional sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of South Africa and the evolution of sauropod feeding and quadrupedalism." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1440" volume="277" year="2010">Yates et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
, and other advanced sauropodomorphs, where the posterolateral process does not reach the lateral margin. As in most early sauropodomorphs, the posterolateral process distally exceeds the limits of the anterolateral process. The distal surface of the posterolateral process is horizontally oriented, whereas the distal surface of the anterolateral process is distolaterally oblique for the articulation of the ascending process of the astragalus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sits between the morphospaces outlined for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huene" authorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Massospondylidae</taxonomicName>
and &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1929" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Melanorosauridae</taxonomicName>
&quot; in a bivariate plot of the ratios between the total length and anteroposterior depth of the proximal end of the tibia (L/Pw) concerning the ratio between the total length and anteroposterior depth at mid-length of the tibia (L/Mw) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Bivariate plot showing the ratio between the total length and anteroposterior depth of the proximal end of the tibia (L / Pw) concerning the ratio between the total length and anteroposterior depth at mid-length of the tibia (L / Mw). Data was taken from Ezcurra and Apaldetti (2011) and first-hand assessments obtained by ORRF. The convex hulls with solid lines show the morphospace generated by the groups ' Guaibasauridae ', Massospondylidae, ' Melanorosauridae ' and Sauropoda. The name ' Melanorosauridae ' is here used to refer to sauropodomorphs that are not traditionally considered as sauropods. The triangles represent taxa traditionally considered sauropods, and the stars represent non-sauropod sauropodomorphs. The colours of the points represent the age of the taxa, with purple for the Late Triassic and blue for the Early Jurassic. The dashed convex hull represents the morphospace corresponding to Plateosaurus as currently defined. The yellow convex hull represents the taxa placed in a polytomy before the diversification of Massospondylidae and Sauropodiformes." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739737" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">14</figureCitation>
). Noteworthy,
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a large morphospace, compared to the other sauropodomorphs in the sample. First, this could represent that the morphospace of
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
captures better the intraspecific variability in the tibiae given the larger sample compared to other sauropodomorphs; however, the gradual increase in the robustness through time is quite clear. Furthermore, a restricted definition of
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200 and GPIT-PV-30785) occupies a similar space in the bivariate plot. Specimen BSP 1962 is, on the other hand, nested within &quot;
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1929" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Melanorosauridae</taxonomicName>
&quot;, close to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and supports the idea that the similarity between
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and BSP 1962 outlined above in the pubis, ischia and the tibiae are better explained by considering BSP 1962 as a massopodan as well (Appendix 3-Figure A2).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739737" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Bivariate plot showing the ratio between the total length and anteroposterior depth of the proximal end of the tibia (L/Pw) concerning the ratio between the total length and anteroposterior depth at mid-length of the tibia (L/Mw). Data was taken from
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.­2­0­11.05.002" author="Ezcurra, MD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Geologists' Association" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="155 - 164" refId="B36" refString="Ezcurra, MD, Apaldetti, C, 2011. A robust sauropodomorph specimen from the Upper Triassic of Argentina and insights on the diversity of the Los Colorados Formation. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 123 (1): 155 - 164, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.-2-0-11.05.002" title="A robust sauropodomorph specimen from the Upper Triassic of Argentina and insights on the diversity of the Los Colorados Formation." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.­2­0­11.05.002" volume="123" year="2011">Ezcurra and Apaldetti (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and first-hand assessments obtained by ORRF. The convex hulls with solid lines show the morphospace generated by the groups '
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Guaibasauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Guaibasauridae</taxonomicName>
',
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huene" authorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Massospondylidae</taxonomicName>
, '
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1929" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Melanorosauridae</taxonomicName>
' and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="order">Sauropoda</taxonomicName>
. The name '
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1929" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Melanorosauridae</taxonomicName>
' is here used to refer to sauropodomorphs that are not traditionally considered as sauropods. The triangles represent taxa traditionally considered sauropods, and the stars represent non-sauropod sauropodomorphs. The colours of the points represent the age of the taxa, with purple for the Late Triassic and blue for the Early Jurassic. The dashed convex hull represents the morphospace corresponding to
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as currently defined. The yellow convex hull represents the taxa placed in a polytomy before the diversification of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huene" authorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Massospondylidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Sauropodiformes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sauropodiformes</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.8. fibula (fig. 15, table 12)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.8. Fibula (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Left fibula of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in (A) anterior, (B) medial, (C) proximal, (D) distal anteromedial view of the fibular, (E) distal views. Abbreviations: asa, astragalar articular surface, caa, calcaneum articular surface, mfp, anteromedial fibular process, tia, tibial articular surface." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739738" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">15</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 12" captionStartId="T12" captionText="Table 12. Measurements (in mm) of both fibulae of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/62B5EF846B2A70D4BB1AA3A22903B636" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="62B5EF846B2A70D4BB1AA3A22903B636">12</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The two fibulae are preserved and have similar sizes. The fibula is a slender and long bone with an anteroposteriorly expanded proximal end and, to a lesser degree, the distal end (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Left fibula of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in (A) anterior, (B) medial, (C) proximal, (D) distal anteromedial view of the fibular, (E) distal views. Abbreviations: asa, astragalar articular surface, caa, calcaneum articular surface, mfp, anteromedial fibular process, tia, tibial articular surface." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739738" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">15</figureCitation>
), similar to the condition in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, unlike in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the distal end is not expanded. The proximal articular surface has a concave medial margin and a convex lateral margin, forming a crescent-shaped outline as in SMNS 13200,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Adeopapposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adeopapposaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Adeopapposaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the medial margin is concave only in the anterior portion and straight in the posterior one. The shaft is straight in lateral and anterior views, unlike in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Adeopapposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adeopapposaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Adeopapposaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, where the fibula is curved in anterior view. The distal end in lateral view is anteriorly slanted but horizontal in posterior view, as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Adeopapposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adeopapposaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Adeopapposaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There is a small protuberance on the anteromedial surface, a feature that has not been reported for sauropodomorphs and is present on both fibulae, discarding a noticeable pathological feature (mfp in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Left fibula of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787) in (A) anterior, (B) medial, (C) proximal, (D) distal anteromedial view of the fibular, (E) distal views. Abbreviations: asa, astragalar articular surface, caa, calcaneum articular surface, mfp, anteromedial fibular process, tia, tibial articular surface." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739738" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">15</figureCitation>
). The medial condyle is larger than the lateral condyle, and a shallow triangular fossa is visible on the medial face of the distal end of the fibula. The lateral face of the fibula is, in turn, flat.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="62B5EF846B2A70D4BB1AA3A22903B636" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/62B5EF846B2A70D4BB1AA3A22903B636" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 12" startId="T12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 12.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of both fibulae of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Measurements</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Left (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Right (mm)</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">584.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">590.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Transverse width of the proximal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">145.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">129.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anteroposterior length of the proximal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">52.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">53.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Transverse width of the shaft at midlength</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">51.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">49.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anteroposterior length of the shaft at midlength</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">29.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">30.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Transverse length of the distal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">89.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">88.3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Transverse width of the distal end</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">47.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">47.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739738" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 15.</emphasis>
Left fibula of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787) in (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
) anterior, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
) medial, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
) proximal, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">D</emphasis>
) distal anteromedial view of the fibular, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">E</emphasis>
) distal views. Abbreviations: asa, astragalar articular surface, caa, calcaneum articular surface, mfp, anteromedial fibular process, tia, tibial articular surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.9. astragalus (fig. 16, table 13)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.9. Astragalus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Astragalus of Tuebingosaurus in (A) dorsal, (B) posterior and (C) anterior views. Calcaneus in A) dorsal and D) lateral views. The panel to the bottom left shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200, in posterior view and articulated with the tibia), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A), Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 31, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 3967). The panel to the right shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs in dorsal view: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A, mirrored), Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 31, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 3967, mirrored). Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; afo, anterior foramen; cas, concavity of the posterior surface of the ascending process; fdp, facet for descending process of the tibia; ff, fibular facet; pf, posterior fossa; pmc, posteromedial corner. The yellow dotted line represents the astragalar-calcaneum articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739739" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">16</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 13" captionStartId="T13" captionText="Table 13. Measurements (in mm) of the pedal elements of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD">13</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The astragalus has the classic non-eusauropod sauropodomorph morphology, with a somewhat kidney--shaped outline (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Astragalus of Tuebingosaurus in (A) dorsal, (B) posterior and (C) anterior views. Calcaneus in A) dorsal and D) lateral views. The panel to the bottom left shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200, in posterior view and articulated with the tibia), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A), Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 31, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 3967). The panel to the right shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs in dorsal view: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A, mirrored), Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 31, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 3967, mirrored). Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; afo, anterior foramen; cas, concavity of the posterior surface of the ascending process; fdp, facet for descending process of the tibia; ff, fibular facet; pf, posterior fossa; pmc, posteromedial corner. The yellow dotted line represents the astragalar-calcaneum articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739739" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">16</figureCitation>
). In dorsal view, the medial margin is about 50% larger than the lateral margin; the lateral margin has a sigmoidal articulation, and the medial margin is posteriorly curved. The posterior margin is convex, as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" author="Otero, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1138 - 1168" refId="B134" refString="Otero, A, Pol, D, 2013. Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1138 - 1168, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" title="Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" volume="33" year="2013">Otero and Pol 2013</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Blikanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blikanasaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Blikanasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Galton and van Heerden, 1985 (Galton and van Heerden 1998),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1972" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Vulcanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanodon" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Vulcanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Cooper, MR" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologia Africana" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="203 - 231" refId="B31" refString="Cooper, MR, 1984. A reassessment of Vulcanodon karibaensis Raath (Dinosauria: Saurischia) and the origin of the Sauropoda. Palaeontologia Africana 25: 203 - 231" title="A reassessment of Vulcanodon karibaensis Raath (Dinosauria: Saurischia) and the origin of the Sauropoda." volume="25" year="1984">Cooper 1984</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tazoudasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tazoudasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2004.03.001" author="Allain, R" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendus Palevol" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="199 - 208" refId="B2" refString="Allain, R, Aquesbi, N, Dejax, J, Meyer, CA, Monbaron, M, Montenat, C, Rechir, P, Rochdy, M, Russell, DA, Taquet, P, 2004. A basal sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Morocco. Comptes Rendus Palevol 3 (3): 199 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2004.03.001" title="A basal sauropod dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of Morocco." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2004.03.001" volume="3" year="2004">Allain et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Allain, R" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="345 - 424" refId="B1" refString="Allain, R, Aquesbi, N, 2008. Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco. Geodiversitas 30 (2): 345 - 424" title="Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Tazoudasaurus naimi (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Jurassic of Morocco." volume="30" year="2008">Allain and Aquesbi 2008</bibRefCitation>
); nevertheless, a convex posterior margin is also present in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trossingensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P. trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as illustrated in
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Centralblatt fuer Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B85" refString="von Huene, F, 1926. Vollstaendige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus dem schwaebischen Keuper. Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen N.F.15: 139-179." title="Vollstaendige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus dem schwaebischen Keuper. Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen N. F. 15: 139 - 179." year="1926">von Huene 1926</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739739" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 16.</emphasis>
Astragalus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
) dorsal, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
) posterior and (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
) anterior views. Calcaneus in A) dorsal and D) lateral views. The panel to the bottom left shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs:
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200, in posterior view and articulated with the tibia),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MLP 68-II-27-1 specimen A),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tazoudasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tazoudasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(To1-31, mirrored),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PVL 3967). The panel to the right shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs in dorsal view:
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MLP 68-II-27-1 specimen A, mirrored),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tazoudasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tazoudasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(To1-31, mirrored),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PVL 3967, mirrored). Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; afo, anterior foramen; cas, concavity of the posterior surface of the ascending process; fdp, facet for descending process of the tibia; ff, fibular facet; pf, posterior fossa; pmc, posteromedial corner. The yellow dotted line represents the astragalar-calcaneum articulation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The posterior margin is straight in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Unaysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unaysaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Unaysaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.690.1.1" author="Leal, LA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B107" refString="Leal, LA, Azevedo, SAK, Kellner, AWA, Da Rosa, AAS, 2004. A new early dinosaur (Sauropodomorpha) from the Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic), Parana Basin, Brazil. Zootaxa 690: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.690.1.1" title="A new early dinosaur (Sauropodomorpha) from the Caturrita Formation (Late Triassic), Parana Basin, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.690.1.1" volume="690" year="2004">Leal et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1602856" author="McPhee, BW" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="259 - 293" refId="B119" refString="McPhee, BW, Bittencourt, JS, Langer, MC, Apaldetti, C, Da Rosa, AAS, 2019. Reassessment of Unaysaurus tolentinoi (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic (early Norian) of Brazil, with a consideration of the evidence for monophyly within non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 28 (3): 259 - 293, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1602856" title="Reassessment of Unaysaurus tolentinoi (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic (early Norian) of Brazil, with a consideration of the evidence for monophyly within non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2019.1602856" volume="28" year="2019">McPhee et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Macrocollum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocollum" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Macrocollum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
et al., 2018. The medial margin in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Unaysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unaysaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Unaysaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Macrocollum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrocollum" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Macrocollum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Blikanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blikanasaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Blikanasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a prominent triangular process anteromedially projected, similar to the outline in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. At the midlength of the posterior margin, there is a prominent bulge like that present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and a bulge is present in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Blikanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blikanasaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Blikanasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trossingensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P. trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not as pronounced (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Astragalus of Tuebingosaurus in (A) dorsal, (B) posterior and (C) anterior views. Calcaneus in A) dorsal and D) lateral views. The panel to the bottom left shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200, in posterior view and articulated with the tibia), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A), Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 31, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 3967). The panel to the right shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs in dorsal view: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A, mirrored), Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 31, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 3967, mirrored). Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; afo, anterior foramen; cas, concavity of the posterior surface of the ascending process; fdp, facet for descending process of the tibia; ff, fibular facet; pf, posterior fossa; pmc, posteromedial corner. The yellow dotted line represents the astragalar-calcaneum articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739739" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">16</figureCitation>
). The anterior margin has its highest point on the medial side, whereas the posterior margin has its highest point on the lateral side. The proximal surface is divided into two distinct articular facets: a lateral facet, with a deep socket-like concavity for the articulation with the distal end of the fibula, and a flat medial facet occupying most of the proximal surface, where the distal end of the tibia articulates with the astragalus. These two facets are divided by a rounded ridge that continues to form the posterior margin of the ascending process. As in many other early sauropodomorphs, the ascending process is not as prominent, and in anterior view, the ascending process rises slightly above the posterior bulge. Towards the lateral end of the anterior margin, there is a deep depression similar to those in early saurischians, e.g.,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reig" authorityYear="1963" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Herrerasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Herrerasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reig, 1963,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Eoraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eoraptor" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Eoraptor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.820113" author="Sereno, PC" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B170" refString="Sereno, PC, Martinez, RN, Alcober, OA, 2012. Osteology of Eoraptor lunensis (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (Suppl.): 83-179. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.820113" title="Osteology of Eoraptor lunensis (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (Suppl.): 83 - 179." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.820113" year="2012">Sereno et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saturnalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saturnalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Langer, MC" journalOrPublisher="PaleoBios" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 30" refId="B104" refString="Langer, MC, 2003. The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil). PaleoBios 23 (2): 1 - 30" title="The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil)." volume="23" year="2003">Langer (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, but faces anterolaterally rather than lateroventrally, and it is placed right beneath the anterior margin of the ascending process. This fossa occupies a prominent space of the anterior margin, and it is not a feature seen in other early sauropodomorphs. Ventral to this fossa, a ventrally directed projection with a heel-like morphology supports the calcaneum by a laterally oriented projection. The distal surface has the characteristic rugose roller-shaped articulation in other sauropodomorphs.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 13" startId="T13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 13.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of the pedal elements of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Astragalus</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Mediolateral width, anteriorly</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">143.1 and 175.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anteroposterior length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">73.7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Lateral height</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">67.7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Medial height</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">49.3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Calcaneum</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Mediolateral width at widest point</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">31.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anteroposterior length at longest point</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">75.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Metatarsal IV</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length across anteromedial face</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">225.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anteroposterior width at midshaft</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">24.2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Mediolateral width at midshaft</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">47.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Proximal width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">71.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Proximal height</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">99.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal dorsal width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">61.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal ventral width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">52.7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal height</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">46.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Phalange I.1</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">79.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">48.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Proximal width</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">67.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Pedal digit II</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">220</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of phalange III.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">76.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Proximal width of phalange III.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">60.4*</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal width of phalange III.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">51.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of phalange III.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">62</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Proximal width of phalange III.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">49.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal width of phalange III.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">33</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of ungual for phalange III</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">88.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Pedal digit III</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Total length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">282.3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of phalange II.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">83.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Proximal width of phalange II.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">60.7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal width of phalange II.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">52</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of phalange II.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">66.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Proximal width of phalange II.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">49</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal width of phalange II.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">43.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of phalange II.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">55.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Proximal width of phalange II.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">46.5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Distal width of phalange II.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">46.7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Length of ungual for phalange II</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">76</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.10. calcaneum (fig. 16–a, d, table 13)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.10. Calcaneum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Astragalus of Tuebingosaurus in (A) dorsal, (B) posterior and (C) anterior views. Calcaneus in A) dorsal and D) lateral views. The panel to the bottom left shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200, in posterior view and articulated with the tibia), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A), Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 31, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 3967). The panel to the right shows the astragali in other sauropodomorphs in dorsal view: Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), Mussaurus (MLP 68 - II- 27 - 1 specimen A, mirrored), Tazoudasaurus (To 1 - 31, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 3967, mirrored). Abbreviations: asp, ascending process; afo, anterior foramen; cas, concavity of the posterior surface of the ascending process; fdp, facet for descending process of the tibia; ff, fibular facet; pf, posterior fossa; pmc, posteromedial corner. The yellow dotted line represents the astragalar-calcaneum articulation." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739739" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">16</figureCitation>
-A, D, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 13" captionStartId="T13" captionText="Table 13. Measurements (in mm) of the pedal elements of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD">13</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The calcaneum in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is significantly reduced, albeit conserving the early-diverging sauropodomorph triradiate morphology. The calcaneum is lateromedially flattened, but the anterior end is thicker than the posterior end and lacriform in dorsal view. The anterior end is not straight but bears a distinct anterior projection in the anterolateral margin. The ventral process rests on the anterolateral projection of the lateral margin of the astragalus. The medial margin of the calcaneum is concave and articulates along the sigmoidal lateral margin of the astragalus. This articulation generates a pocket between the two elements that were probably filled with cartilage. The mediolateral length of the calcaneum represents 21% of the astragalar mediolateral length. In early sauropodomorphs, such as
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saturnalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saturnalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the calcaneal length is roughly 50% of the astragalar length, and in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is 40%, and towards the more derived sauropodomorphs, we have values lower than 30%, such as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1972" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Vulcanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vulcanodon" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Vulcanodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Shunosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shunosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Shunosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Dong, Z" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologica Sinica, New Series C" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 136" refId="B33" refString="Dong, Z, Zhou, S, Zhang, H, 1983. [Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan]. Palaeontologica Sinica, New Series C 162 (23): 1 - 136" title="[Dinosaurs from the Jurassic of Sichuan]." volume="162" year="1983">Dong et al., 1983</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1877" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camarasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cope, 1877. This reduced calcaneum is consistent with what we expect in more obligated quadrupedal animals, such as sauropods.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.11. metatarsal iv (fig. 17, table 13)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.11. Metatarsal IV (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Pes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A Reconstruction of the pes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum as illustrated by von Huene (Pl. 38, fig. 10). The elements coloured in brown correspond to the only material that has been located in the collection. Metatarsal IV in (B) plantar, (C) dorsal, (D) proximal, and (E) distal views. The panel to the right shows the proximal outlines of the metatarsals of four sauropodomorphs: Lufengosaurus (IVPP V 15), Mussaurus (MLP 61 - III- 20 - 22, Otero and Pol 2013, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904, Apaldetti et al. 2013, mirrored), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and Van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: d, dorsal; p, plantar; dc, dorsal crest; mtI (I), metatarsal I; mtII (II), metatarsal II; mtIII (III), metatarsal III; mt III cs, contact surface of metatarsal III; mtIV (and IV), metatarsal IV; mtV cs, metatarsal V contact surface; V, metatarsal V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739740" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">17</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 13" captionStartId="T13" captionText="Table 13. Measurements (in mm) of the pedal elements of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD">13</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
According to the early drawings by von Huene (unpublished), an almost complete pes was recovered from the block as part of specimen &quot; GPIT IV&quot;. The drawings show metatarsals I, II, III, and IV articulated to their respective phalanges. Currently, only metatarsal IV, the complete digits II and III, and one phalange of digit I are preserved in the collection (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Pes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A Reconstruction of the pes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum as illustrated by von Huene (Pl. 38, fig. 10). The elements coloured in brown correspond to the only material that has been located in the collection. Metatarsal IV in (B) plantar, (C) dorsal, (D) proximal, and (E) distal views. The panel to the right shows the proximal outlines of the metatarsals of four sauropodomorphs: Lufengosaurus (IVPP V 15), Mussaurus (MLP 61 - III- 20 - 22, Otero and Pol 2013, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904, Apaldetti et al. 2013, mirrored), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and Van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: d, dorsal; p, plantar; dc, dorsal crest; mtI (I), metatarsal I; mtII (II), metatarsal II; mtIII (III), metatarsal III; mt III cs, contact surface of metatarsal III; mtIV (and IV), metatarsal IV; mtV cs, metatarsal V contact surface; V, metatarsal V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739740" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739740" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 17.</emphasis>
Pes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
Reconstruction of the pes of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as illustrated by von Huene (Pl. 38, fig. 10). The elements coloured in brown correspond to the only material that has been located in the collection. Metatarsal IV in (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
) plantar, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
) dorsal, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">D</emphasis>
) proximal, and (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">E</emphasis>
) distal views. The panel to the right shows the proximal outlines of the metatarsals of four sauropodomorphs:
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IVPP V15),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MLP 61-III-20-22,
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" author="Otero, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1138 - 1168" refId="B134" refString="Otero, A, Pol, D, 2013. Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1138 - 1168, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" title="Postcranial anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Mussaurus patagonicus (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2013.769444" volume="33" year="2013">Otero and Pol 2013</bibRefCitation>
, mirrored),
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PVL 5904,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01198.x" author="Apaldetti, C" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="277 - 301" refId="B3" refString="Apaldetti, C, Pol, D, Yates, AM, 2013. The postcranial anatomy of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic and its phylogenetic implications. Palaeontology 56 (2): 277 - 301, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01198.x" title="The postcranial anatomy of Coloradisaurus brevis (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Late Triassic and its phylogenetic implications." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01198.x" volume="56" year="2013">Apaldetti et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, mirrored), and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Blikanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blikanasaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Blikanasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Galton and Van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: d, dorsal; p, plantar; dc, dorsal crest; mtI (I), metatarsal I; mtII (II), metatarsal II; mtIII (III), metatarsal III; mt III cs, contact surface of metatarsal III; mtIV (and IV), metatarsal IV; mtV cs, metatarsal V contact surface; V, metatarsal V.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The only metatarsal element preserved is metatarsal IV. The metatarsal IV is a robust element with a constriction along the mid-section. Its proximal end is expanded lateromedially and flattened dorsoplantarly, whereas the distal end is expanded not as lateromedially but expanded dorsoplantarly, with a morphology similar to
<taxonomicName genus="Massispondylus" lsidName="Massispondylus carinatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="carinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Massispondylus carinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BPI/I/4377) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MLP 61-III-20-22) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Pes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A Reconstruction of the pes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum as illustrated by von Huene (Pl. 38, fig. 10). The elements coloured in brown correspond to the only material that has been located in the collection. Metatarsal IV in (B) plantar, (C) dorsal, (D) proximal, and (E) distal views. The panel to the right shows the proximal outlines of the metatarsals of four sauropodomorphs: Lufengosaurus (IVPP V 15), Mussaurus (MLP 61 - III- 20 - 22, Otero and Pol 2013, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904, Apaldetti et al. 2013, mirrored), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and Van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: d, dorsal; p, plantar; dc, dorsal crest; mtI (I), metatarsal I; mtII (II), metatarsal II; mtIII (III), metatarsal III; mt III cs, contact surface of metatarsal III; mtIV (and IV), metatarsal IV; mtV cs, metatarsal V contact surface; V, metatarsal V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739740" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">17</figureCitation>
). A well-developed crest on the proximal end extends proximodistally along the dorsal surface of the proximal end. This crest delimits a concave medial surface where metatarsal III articulates. The dorsoventral length at the crest level represents 30% of the lateromedial length of the proximal end of metatarsal IV, as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Massospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massospondylus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Massospondylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas this ratio reaches 50% in
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Saturnalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saturnalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saturnalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Blikanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blikanasaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Blikanasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The dorsal and plantar edges of the lateral half are parallel through the metatarsal length (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Pes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A Reconstruction of the pes of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum as illustrated by von Huene (Pl. 38, fig. 10). The elements coloured in brown correspond to the only material that has been located in the collection. Metatarsal IV in (B) plantar, (C) dorsal, (D) proximal, and (E) distal views. The panel to the right shows the proximal outlines of the metatarsals of four sauropodomorphs: Lufengosaurus (IVPP V 15), Mussaurus (MLP 61 - III- 20 - 22, Otero and Pol 2013, mirrored), Coloradisaurus (PVL 5904, Apaldetti et al. 2013, mirrored), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and Van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: d, dorsal; p, plantar; dc, dorsal crest; mtI (I), metatarsal I; mtII (II), metatarsal II; mtIII (III), metatarsal III; mt III cs, contact surface of metatarsal III; mtIV (and IV), metatarsal IV; mtV cs, metatarsal V contact surface; V, metatarsal V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739740" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">17</figureCitation>
), as in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The cross-section is ovoid, where the lateral margin is narrower than the medial one. The medial margin of metatarsal IV has a bulge close to the proximal end, a feature in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Massospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massospondylus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Massospondylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In other early-branching sauropodomorphs, this bulge fits in a slight depression on the lateral margin of the shaft of metatarsal III. Distally, there is another bulge along the distal end of the shaft of metatarsal IV, a condition shared with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
The distal articular surface is quadrangular in distal view with an undivided and marked convexity, similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1969" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Riojasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Riojasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Riojasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PVL 3526). The lateral margin on the distal end has two processes that project laterally in distal view, whereas the medial margin has a marked expansion in the medio-plantar corner. On the lateral margin, the two projections are separated by a well-developed concavity; the medial margin is roughly straight.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.12. pedal digits (fig. 18, table 13)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
3.1.12. Pedal digits (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Pedal phalanges I to III of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - E Phalanx I. 1, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), distal (C), proximal (D), right lateral I views (F). Pedal digit II in dorsal view: G - I Phalanx II. 2 in left lateral (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views, (J) ungual II in left lateral view, (K) Pedal digit III in dorsal view. L - M Phalanx III. 1 in left lateral (L) and distal (M) views, (N) Phalanx III. 2 in left lateral view, (O) Phalanx III. 3 in left lateral view and, (P) ungual III in left lateral view. The outlines on the left corner, reconstructions of the feet of Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: colp, collateral ligament pit, dd, dorsal depression, mf, medial flange, I, pedal digit I, V pedal digit V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739741" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">18</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 13" captionStartId="T13" captionText="Table 13. Measurements (in mm) of the pedal elements of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="BE5A3EF93F39F035EACAD527A3F226AD">13</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Only two digits are preserved, pedal digit II and pedal digit III, with two and three phalanges, respectively, and the first phalanx of digit I. Phalanx I.1 is identified due to the morphology, with a proximomedial projection (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Pedal phalanges I to III of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - E Phalanx I. 1, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), distal (C), proximal (D), right lateral I views (F). Pedal digit II in dorsal view: G - I Phalanx II. 2 in left lateral (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views, (J) ungual II in left lateral view, (K) Pedal digit III in dorsal view. L - M Phalanx III. 1 in left lateral (L) and distal (M) views, (N) Phalanx III. 2 in left lateral view, (O) Phalanx III. 3 in left lateral view and, (P) ungual III in left lateral view. The outlines on the left corner, reconstructions of the feet of Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: colp, collateral ligament pit, dd, dorsal depression, mf, medial flange, I, pedal digit I, V pedal digit V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739741" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">18</figureCitation>
) like the morphology reported in
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Centralblatt fuer Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B85" refString="von Huene, F, 1926. Vollstaendige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus dem schwaebischen Keuper. Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen N.F.15: 139-179." title="Vollstaendige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus dem schwaebischen Keuper. Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen N. F. 15: 139 - 179." year="1926">von Huene 1926</bibRefCitation>
) but more developed. The proximal lateromedial width corresponds to 84% of the total proximodistal length of the phalange (Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="T14" captionText="Table 14. Phylogenetic names used to compare the different cladograms. The content refers to the taxa included in that name from the character-by-taxon matrix employed here and used to identify groups in the different trees." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D6860E0F9AAB8210177322291AF2D1EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" tableUuid="D6860E0F9AAB8210177322291AF2D1EA">14</tableCitation>
). The proximal articular surface is concave, reniform and undivided with a concave dorsal edge and a convex ventral edge. The major axis of the proximal articular surface is twisted 5o to the lateromedial axis of the distal surface. The shaft has subparallel lateral and medial margins, with a flat dorsal surface and a deeply concave plantar surface. The distal margin has two well-developed condyles separated by an intercondylar groove. The dorsoplantar length of the lateral and medial condyles is roughly the same, but the medial collateral ligament pit is more deeply concave.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="D6860E0F9AAB8210177322291AF2D1EA" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D6860E0F9AAB8210177322291AF2D1EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Table 14" startId="T14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Table 14.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic names used to compare the different cladograms. The content refers to the taxa included in that name from the character-by-taxon matrix employed here and used to identify groups in the different trees.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Name</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Definition</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Content</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1895" genus="Plateosauridae" lsidName="Plateosauridae" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">Plateosauridae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
The most inclusive clade containing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraas" authorityYear="1913" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus trossingensis" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Powell" authorityYear="1980" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saltasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912960600866953" author="Yates, AM" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="93 - 123" refId="B189" refString="Yates, AM, 2007a. Solving a dinosaurian puzzle: the identity of Aliwalia rex Galton. Historical Biology 19 (1): 93 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08912960600866953" title="Solving a dinosaurian puzzle: the identity of Aliwalia rex Galton." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912960600866953" volume="19" year="2007 a">Yates 2007a</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Unaysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Unaysaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Unaysaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraas" authorityYear="1913" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus trossingensis" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Huene" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus gracilis" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Massopoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massopoda" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Massopoda</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
The most inclusive clade containing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Powell" authorityYear="1980" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saltasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraas" authorityYear="1913" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus trossingensis" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912960600866953" author="Yates, AM" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="93 - 123" refId="B189" refString="Yates, AM, 2007a. Solving a dinosaurian puzzle: the identity of Aliwalia rex Galton. Historical Biology 19 (1): 93 - 123, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08912960600866953" title="Solving a dinosaurian puzzle: the identity of Aliwalia rex Galton." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/08912960600866953" volume="19" year="2007 a">Yates 2007a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Yates, AM" editor="Barrett, PM" journalOrPublisher="Special Papers in Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="57 - 90" refId="B190" refString="Yates, AM, 2007b. The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria). In: Barrett, PM, Batten, DJ, Eds., Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 77: 57 - 90" title="The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria)." volume="77" volumeTitle="Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs." year="2007 b">b</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huene" authorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Massospondylidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Sauropodiformes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sauropodiformes</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Huene" authorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Massospondylidae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
The most inclusive clade containing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Massospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massospondylus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Massospondylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fraas" authorityYear="1913" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus trossingensis" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Powell" authorityYear="1980" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saltasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Sereno, PC" journalOrPublisher="Special Papers in Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="261 - 289" refId="B168" refString="Sereno, PC, 2007. Basal Sauropodomorpha: Historical and recent phylogenetic hypotheses, with comments on Ammosaurus major (Marsh, 1889). Special Papers in Palaeontology 77: 261 - 289" title="Basal Sauropodomorpha: Historical and recent phylogenetic hypotheses, with comments on Ammosaurus major (Marsh, 1889)." volume="77" year="2007">Sereno 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Massospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massospondylus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Massospondylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Leyesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leyesaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Leyesaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinez" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Adeopapposaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adeopapposaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Adeopapposaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith &amp; Pol" authorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Glacialisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Glacialisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Glacialisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Smith and Pol, 2007,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Coloradisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coloradisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Coloradisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Lufengosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lufengosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lufengosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Sauropodiformes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sauropodiformes</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
The most inclusive clade containing
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Powell" authorityYear="1980" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saltasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but not
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1854" class="Reptilia" family="Massospondylidae" genus="Massospondylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Massospondylus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Massospondylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(McPhee et al. 2015)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang &amp; Yang" authorityYear="1995" class="Reptilia" genus="Jingshanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jingshanosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Jingshanosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Yunnanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Yunnanosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Yunnanosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Young, 1942,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sertich &amp; Loewen" authorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" genus="Seitaad" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seitaad" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Seitaad</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Sefapanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sefapanosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Sefapanosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12247" author="Otero, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="589 - 634" refId="B135" refString="Otero, A, Krupandan, E, Pol, D, Chinsamy, A, Choiniere, JN, 2015. A new basal sauropodiform from South Africa and the phylogenetic relationships of basal sauropodomorphs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174 (3): 589 - 634, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12247" title="A new basal sauropodiform from South Africa and the phylogenetic relationships of basal sauropodomorphs." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12247" volume="174" year="2015">Otero et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Aardonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aardonyx" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Aardonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Leonerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leonerasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Leonerasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peyre de Fabregues &amp; Allain" authorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" genus="Meroktenos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meroktenos" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Meroktenos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="1985" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Camelotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelotia" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Camelotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Melanorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanorosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Melanorosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Lessemsauridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="family">Lessemsauridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Pulanesaura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulanesaura" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Pulanesaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Gongxianosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gongxianosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Gongxianosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="He, X" journalOrPublisher=", Sichuan" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1 - 6" refId="B70" refString="He, X, Wang, C, Liu, S, Zhou, F, Liu, T, Cai, K, Dai, B, 1998. [A new species of sauropod from the Early Jurassic of Gongxian Co., Sichuan]. A new species of sauropod from the Early Jurassic of Gongxian Co., Sichuan 18 (1): 1 - 6" title="[A new species of sauropod from the Early Jurassic of Gongxian Co., Sichuan]. A new species of sauropod from the Early Jurassic of Gongxian Co." volume="18" year="1998">He et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Schleitheimia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schleitheimia" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Schleitheimia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut, Suteethorn, Cuny, Tong, Le Loeuff, Khansubha &amp; Jongautchariyakul" authorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" genus="Isanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isanosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Isanosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tazoudasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tazoudasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Upchurch" authorityYear="1995" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Eusauropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eusauropoda</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">Anchisauria</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
The most recent common ancestor of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Melanorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanorosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Melanorosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and all its descendants (
<bibRefCitation author="Yates, AM" editor="Barrett, PM" journalOrPublisher="Special Papers in Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="57 - 90" refId="B190" refString="Yates, AM, 2007b. The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria). In: Barrett, PM, Batten, DJ, Eds., Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 77: 57 - 90" title="The first complete skull of the Triassic dinosaur Melanorosaurus Haughton (Sauropodomorpha: Anchisauria)." volume="77" volumeTitle="Evolution and Palaeobiology of Early Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs." year="2007 b">Yates 2007b</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1885" class="Reptilia" genus="Anchisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Anchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Leonerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leonerasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Leonerasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Vince" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Mussaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mussaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mussaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Aardonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aardonyx" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Aardonyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Sefapanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sefapanosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Sefapanosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peyre de Fabregues &amp; Allain" authorityYear="2016" class="Reptilia" genus="Meroktenos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Meroktenos" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Meroktenos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="1985" class="Reptilia" family="Melanorosauridae" genus="Camelotia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelotia" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Camelotia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haughton" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Melanorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanorosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Melanorosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Lessemsauridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="family">Lessemsauridae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Blikanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blikanasaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Blikanasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Pulanesaura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pulanesaura" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Pulanesaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Gongxianosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gongxianosaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Gongxianosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Schleitheimia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schleitheimia" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Schleitheimia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Buffetaut, Suteethorn, Cuny, Tong, Le Loeuff, Khansubha &amp; Jongautchariyakul" authorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" genus="Isanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isanosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Isanosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Tazoudasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tazoudasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tazoudasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Upchurch" authorityYear="1995" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Eusauropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eusauropoda</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName family="Lessemsauridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="family">Lessemsauridae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
All the descendants of the most recent common ancestor of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" genus="Lessemsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lessemsaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lessemsaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yates &amp; Kitching" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Antetonitrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antetonitrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Antetonitrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0599-y" author="Apaldetti, C" journalOrPublisher="Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" pagination="1227 - 1232" refId="B6" refString="Apaldetti, C, Martinez, RN, Cerda, I, Pol, D, Alcober, OA, 2018. An early trend towards gigantism in Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution 2 (8): 1227 - 1232, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0599-y" title="An early trend towards gigantism in Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0599-y" volume="2" year="2018">Apaldetti et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" genus="Lessemsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lessemsaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Lessemsaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yates &amp; Kitching" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Antetonitrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Antetonitrus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Antetonitrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Ingentia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ingentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Ingentia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Upchurch" authorityYear="1995" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Eusauropoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eusauropoda</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
The least inclusive clade containing
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Shunosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shunosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Shunosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte &amp; Powell" authorityYear="1980" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saltasaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Upchurch et al. 2004)
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Shunosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shunosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Shunosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1947" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Amygdalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amygdalodon" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Amygdalodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cabreira, 1947,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Volkheimeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Volkheimeria" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Volkheimeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Spinophorosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spinophorosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Spinophorosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Cetiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cetiosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Cetiosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1939" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Omeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Omeisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Omeisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1954" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Mamenchisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mamenchisaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Mamenchisaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1986" genus="Neosauropoda" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">Neosauropoda</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739741" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Figure 18.</emphasis>
Pedal phalanges I to III of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="maierfritzorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GPIT-PV-30787).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">E</emphasis>
Phalanx I.1, in dorsal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">A</emphasis>
), ventral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">B</emphasis>
), distal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">C</emphasis>
), proximal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">D</emphasis>
), right lateral I views (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">F</emphasis>
). Pedal digit II in dorsal view:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">G</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">I</emphasis>
Phalanx II.2 in left lateral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">G</emphasis>
), proximal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">H</emphasis>
) and distal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">I</emphasis>
) views, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">J</emphasis>
) ungual II in left lateral view, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">K</emphasis>
) Pedal digit III in dorsal view.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">L</emphasis>
-
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">M</emphasis>
Phalanx III.1 in left lateral (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">L</emphasis>
) and distal (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">M</emphasis>
) views, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">N</emphasis>
) Phalanx III.2 in left lateral view, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">O</emphasis>
) Phalanx III.3 in left lateral view and, (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P</emphasis>
) ungual III in left lateral view. The outlines on the left corner, reconstructions of the feet of
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Meyer" authorityYear="1837" class="Reptilia" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Plateosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosaurus" order="Saurischia" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMNS 13200), and
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" genus="Blikanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Blikanasaurus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Blikanasaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Galton and van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: colp, collateral ligament pit, dd, dorsal depression, mf, medial flange, I, pedal digit I, V pedal digit V.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Pedal digit II has two non-terminal phalanges and a well-developed ungual. Phalanx II.1 is robust, where the proximal lateromedial length is 78% of the proximodistal length. In phalanx II.1, the distal lateromedial length is similar to the lateromedial length, with a distinctive shaft with concave lateral and medial margins. The dorsal margin of the proximal articular surface of phalanx II.1 is shorter than the ventral margin. On the distal end, there is a distinctive dorsal depression (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Pedal phalanges I to III of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - E Phalanx I. 1, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), distal (C), proximal (D), right lateral I views (F). Pedal digit II in dorsal view: G - I Phalanx II. 2 in left lateral (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views, (J) ungual II in left lateral view, (K) Pedal digit III in dorsal view. L - M Phalanx III. 1 in left lateral (L) and distal (M) views, (N) Phalanx III. 2 in left lateral view, (O) Phalanx III. 3 in left lateral view and, (P) ungual III in left lateral view. The outlines on the left corner, reconstructions of the feet of Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: colp, collateral ligament pit, dd, dorsal depression, mf, medial flange, I, pedal digit I, V pedal digit V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739741" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">18</figureCitation>
). The collateral ligament pits are not deeply excavated. A markedly concave intercondylar groove separates the lateral and medial condyles. Phalanx II.2 is shorter than II.1, with similar robustness to phalanx II.1 (proximal lateromedial length is 79% of the proximodistal length). The lateral and medial margins of phalanx II.2 are more concave, and the shaft is comparatively shorter than the one in phalanx II.1 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Pedal phalanges I to III of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - E Phalanx I. 1, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), distal (C), proximal (D), right lateral I views (F). Pedal digit II in dorsal view: G - I Phalanx II. 2 in left lateral (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views, (J) ungual II in left lateral view, (K) Pedal digit III in dorsal view. L - M Phalanx III. 1 in left lateral (L) and distal (M) views, (N) Phalanx III. 2 in left lateral view, (O) Phalanx III. 3 in left lateral view and, (P) ungual III in left lateral view. The outlines on the left corner, reconstructions of the feet of Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: colp, collateral ligament pit, dd, dorsal depression, mf, medial flange, I, pedal digit I, V pedal digit V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739741" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">18</figureCitation>
). The collateral ligament pits of phalanx II.2 are more deeply marked and seem to face dorsally, although this could be the product of deformation. Phalanx II.2 has a distinctive dorsal flange. The ungual pedal digit II is lateromedially flattened and distinctively curved. The articular surface is undivided.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Pedal digit III has three non-terminal phalanges. Phalanx III.1 is robust, with the proximal lateromedial length being 72% of the proximodistal length. The shaft of phalanx III.1 is defined by markedly concave lateral and medial margins (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Pedal phalanges I to III of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - E Phalanx I. 1, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), distal (C), proximal (D), right lateral I views (F). Pedal digit II in dorsal view: G - I Phalanx II. 2 in left lateral (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views, (J) ungual II in left lateral view, (K) Pedal digit III in dorsal view. L - M Phalanx III. 1 in left lateral (L) and distal (M) views, (N) Phalanx III. 2 in left lateral view, (O) Phalanx III. 3 in left lateral view and, (P) ungual III in left lateral view. The outlines on the left corner, reconstructions of the feet of Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: colp, collateral ligament pit, dd, dorsal depression, mf, medial flange, I, pedal digit I, V pedal digit V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739741" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">18</figureCitation>
). The dorsal surface is slightly concave, but the plantar one is strongly concave. Phalanx III.1 has a more hour-glass shape than phalanx II.1. The dorsal margin of the proximal articular surface of phalanx III.1 is shorter than the ventral margin, and this morphology is also seen in the other non-terminal phalanges of pedal digit III. Phalanx III.1 has a very developed dorsal flange and a very developed ventral flange. Phalanx III.2 is also robust (proximal lateromedial length is 73% of the proximodistal length), with a more open concave lateral margin. The dorsal flange of phalanx III.2 is more reduced than in phalanx III.1, but the ventral flange is still prominent. The collateral ligament pits are deeply excavated (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Pedal phalanges I to III of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - E Phalanx I. 1, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), distal (C), proximal (D), right lateral I views (F). Pedal digit II in dorsal view: G - I Phalanx II. 2 in left lateral (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views, (J) ungual II in left lateral view, (K) Pedal digit III in dorsal view. L - M Phalanx III. 1 in left lateral (L) and distal (M) views, (N) Phalanx III. 2 in left lateral view, (O) Phalanx III. 3 in left lateral view and, (P) ungual III in left lateral view. The outlines on the left corner, reconstructions of the feet of Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: colp, collateral ligament pit, dd, dorsal depression, mf, medial flange, I, pedal digit I, V pedal digit V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739741" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">18</figureCitation>
). Phalanx III.3 is more robust than the preceding phalanges, with the proximal lateromedial length representing 83% of the proximodistal length of the phalanx. The medial and lateral condyles are more defined than the preceding phalanges, and the collateral ligament pits are more deeply excavated. The pedal ungual III is more curved than pedal ungual II (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Pedal phalanges I to III of Tuebingosaurus maierfritzorum (GPIT-PV- 30787). A - E Phalanx I. 1, in dorsal (A), ventral (B), distal (C), proximal (D), right lateral I views (F). Pedal digit II in dorsal view: G - I Phalanx II. 2 in left lateral (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views, (J) ungual II in left lateral view, (K) Pedal digit III in dorsal view. L - M Phalanx III. 1 in left lateral (L) and distal (M) views, (N) Phalanx III. 2 in left lateral view, (O) Phalanx III. 3 in left lateral view and, (P) ungual III in left lateral view. The outlines on the left corner, reconstructions of the feet of Plateosaurus (SMNS 13200), and Blikanasaurus (Galton and van Heerden 1998). Abbreviations: colp, collateral ligament pit, dd, dorsal depression, mf, medial flange, I, pedal digit I, V pedal digit V." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e86348.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/739741" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">18</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="771" type="3.1.13. other material previously associated with specimen “gpit iv”">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">3.1.13. Other material previously associated with specimen &quot; GPIT IV&quot;</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
According to
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B88" refString="von Huene, F, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1-361." title="Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1 - 361." year="1932">von Huene (1932)</bibRefCitation>
, during the expedition of 1922 in the Trossingen Formation near
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tübingen">Tuebingen</normalizedToken>
. It is impossible to know how nearby these elements were to the pelvis and hind limb of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene, F" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" refId="B88" refString="von Huene, F, 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1-361." title="Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palae-ontologie (Serie 1) 4: 1 - 361." year="1932">von Huene (1932)</bibRefCitation>
did not provide details on this. In two separate blocks located near the semi-articulated specimen described above, there was a mandible (in block 169), a partially articulated forearm (block 185) and a cervical vertebra (block 159). The mandible has a similar outline to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. trossingensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="species" species="trossingensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">P. trossingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with 24 alveoli and 23 preserved (3rd tooth is missing); the mandible is damaged due to post-excavation preparation. The forearm elements correspond to a radius, a metacarpal (possibly metacarpal III, and manual digits I to III (digit I is complete, digit II is probably missing one phalange, and digit III only has two phalanges). The radius is more straightened and less mediolaterally twisted than that of GPIT-PV-30785 and has a proximal outline that is more similar to
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1932" class="Reptilia" family="Plateosauridae" genus="Plateosauravus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plateosauravus" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Plateosauravus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(based on the drawings in
<bibRefCitation author="Remes, K" journalOrPublisher="Die Palaeontologische Sammlung der Universitaet Tuebingen. Museum der Universitaet Tuebingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" publicationUrl="https://doi.org/­10.5282/edoc.8395" refId="B157" refString="Remes, K, 2007. Evolution of the pectoral girdle and forelimb in Sauropodomorpha (Dinosauria, Saurischia): Osteology, myology and function. PhD thesis. Fakultaet fuer Geowissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany. https://doi.org/-10.5282/edoc.8395" title="Evolution of the pectoral girdle and forelimb in Sauropodomorpha (Dinosauria, Saurischia): Osteology, myology and function. PhD thesis. Fakultaet fuer Geowissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Muenchen, Germany." url="https://doi.org/­10.5282/edoc.8395" year="2007">Remes 2007</bibRefCitation>
). The preservation of the bone is also slightly better than the preservation of the elements outlined above. There is no evident distortion; the cortical bone is not flaked like the other long elements in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting a faster burial and less environmental exposure. It could be possible that the forearm got buried earlier than the rest of the carcass. The cervical vertebrae could not be located in the collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="771">
Furthermore, there are no relevant details or documentation regarding the excavation from 1922 available to us. The pelvis, the hind limb, and the caudal vertebrae articulate with each other, and it is possible to associate them with a single individual, whereas the other bones are associated with this based on their distance to the larger block. These specimens were embedded into a plastic matrix as part of the diorama display to simulate the mud-burial. When trying to remove the mandible, it was clear that the material was glued to the plastic, and its removal may endanger the specimens. Thus, the mandible and the forearm are removed from specimen GPIT-PV-30787 and, as such, from the holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernández &amp; Werneburg" authorityYear="2022" family="Sauropodomorpha" genus="Tuebingosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tuebingosaurus" order="Sauropoda" pageId="0" pageNumber="771" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="771">Tuebingosaurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, further work should test whether these specimens can be referred to the holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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