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78 lines
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<document id="66E74E5AA3D6C3A7D009ACD84457331D" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d0769a3-28c3-4807-914e-5e0823bf9113" ModsDocID="20017" checkinTime="1252781342291" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="A3AB6A5A7F5617C4AF434D8356DB9EF8" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_gertrudae_and_more_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole megacephala" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="550" masterDocId="BE8A80162EBD0E0A2AE8FDAE974D4F53" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="549" updateTime="1701311091155" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="31FC7863549FF1618D7EB235DE6A6500">
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<mods:title id="205B58844D2BEDC524ADFB292DD040D7">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4761BE0DFDB9455EDBE8B32F699B685E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F4E0539CBAE9DB7D182A8AE3D6EC271B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4B588C30695EE1F6D491B11D2188371B">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F3F506225ED451A8C4AE2B42B98D61AF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="271077CDA28469692F2BF1AE308D9D9E">2003</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="4638DAB2B6A25E21F2130CF855D79DEC">Harvard University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="D7BC087C69873BD8C7A4F56EFA85D52A">Cambridge, MA</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:location id="60FB3BF03B6EC2F2BF928D60D258CBB7">
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<mods:url id="C1CA1F3D954AD05DEF7F568701C4847B">http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="1000CA410D24A941C7C0D7A9A6679795" type="HNS-Pub">20017</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A3AB6A5A7F5617C4AF434D8356DB9EF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6275271" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6275271" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A3AB6A5A7F5617C4AF434D8356DB9EF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3AB6A5A7F5617C4AF434D8356DB9EF8" lastPageNumber="550" pageNumber="549">
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<subSubSection id="A4F9CABB9135DD992517E01455C1102E" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F4E2983CBDC88D9D75699A343697BF2B" pageNumber="549">
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<taxonomicName id="9647F98B538E7769CB666177B64EC683" ID-CoL="4FYFS" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33860" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9D1ADF758783F8C44222C44916F28247" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="53614C8F9DBF39111163042BCA276529" pageNumber="549">
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<taxonomicName id="E3FF224CB00FDC5EB4A66DD9F62C95C2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:147791" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formica megacephala Leach" lsidName-HNS="Formica megacephala Fabricius" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">Formica megacephala Fabricius</taxonomicName>
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1793: 161. Combination in
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<taxonomicName id="8438946F9BA2DF20256A40507E61A4F3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole Westwood" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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by Roger 1863b: 30. Extensive synonymy and citation of infraspecific forms cited by Bolton 1995b.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5509A3E5DEA60B8981C5A3B8784EEE77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="753342016EFCB984B838713436347494" pageNumber="549">Types Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FD15FD20D2E5CA5E11C1CC96501A47E7" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="DD4457AA04B31105B341D0F55468CC67" pageNumber="549">
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Etymology Gr L
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<taxonomicName id="D8EE2A7EEA8297F66F17D12608FC6C78" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33860" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">megacephala</taxonomicName>
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, large-headed, referring to the major.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="14F8B3BE6AF875CB8004ED2165CA8B30" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="F4E7330267FC216B0657FD3EB1FEC6B9" pageNumber="549">Diagnosis Major and minor: in side view, entire postpetiole oval in shape, with all of the ventral margin bulging in a conspicuous convexity, and the node oval, low, and weakly developed; mesonotal convexity absent, the promesonotal profile forming a nearly smooth semicircle; color brownish yellow.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3E8933E8288176E16056145D6C9FDBDA" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BD67E813FA4ADDD7B6F319F6E9BABBA4" pageNumber="549">Major: outline of head plus mandibles in full-face view forms a near-perfect heart shape; rugoreticulum present between eye and antennal fossa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DEF1318514B742B357BB3D01CD11A440" pageNumber="549">Minor: occiput broad, lacking an occipital collar.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="007E3E5F0593D35BB51240CFCB4A4DE2" pageNumber="549">Measurements (mm) Major (Grand Bahama Island): HW 1.32, HL 1.32, SL 0.64, EL 0.18, PW 0.60. Minor (Grand Bahama Island): HW 0.54, HL 0.62, SL 0.66, EL 0.12, PW 0.34. color Major and minor: brownish yellow.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="67FCD70A30E9B09625B2E4BD5AA67CE6" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="2078BFBC2CDB051CBC64E7D23C3C8A07" pageNumber="549">Range Widespread although spottily distributed, and sometimes locally very abundant, from southern Florida, Bermuda, and the Bahamas south through the West Indies, southern Mexico, and Central America, to as far south in South America as Santa Catarina, Brazil.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3359CE66027E3342D10C693B06B2B1C3" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="F76C96089CB70A4A13EFA6B21B833BDB" pageNumber="550">
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Biology The colonies, which are continuous, with no evident pheromone-based boundaries, and large numbers of fertile queens, are able to reach enormous size. In some areas, especially islands such as Madeira, Culebrita, and the Dry Tortugas, they form a virtually continuous supercolony that excludes most other ant species. They do best in relatively moist, disturbed habitats, thus thrive around human habitations and in cultivated land. Nest sites are highly variable, from within and beneath rotting logs and underneath rocks and sidewalk flagstones to the bark and trunk-based detritus of standing trees. Columns of foragers travel substantial distances from one nest site to another and to food sources.
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<taxonomicName id="6EACC862EE24345C443D59C1AFC3CBFF" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33860" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="megacephala">P. megacephala</taxonomicName>
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are aggressive toward other species, and war with populations of such locally dominant species as the Indo-Australian weaver ant
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<taxonomicName id="EBD0AF1096FF4E1EE2E634F0D1696C98" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33040" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oecophylla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius)" lsidName-HNS="Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smaragdina">Oecophylla smaragdina</taxonomicName>
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and the cosmopolitan Argentine ant
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<taxonomicName id="78A15D05140958F27AAB41D2921C24B7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:30468" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Linepithema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Linepithema humile (Mayr)" lsidName-HNS="Linepithema humile (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humile">Linepithema humile</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="B60B796EBF7F78DC567820FAC0832A2C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:175844" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Iridomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr)" lsidName-HNS="Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">Iridomyrmex humilis</taxonomicName>
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). General accounts of this important species are given by Wilson (1971), Holldobler and Wilson (1990), and D. F. Williams et al. (1994). A bibliography of the ant for North America is provided by D. R. Smith (1979). The devastating effect on the native Hawaiian insect fauna was described by the pioneering entomologist R. C. L. Perkins (1913).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2EFEC4F52D072F01BF026CD1D91E00BC" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5706BA6CA9AB81D818A5C050179E177E">Figure Upper: major. Lower: minor. BAHAMAS: Grand Bahama Island. (Type locality not cited.) Types not seen. Scale bars = 1 mm.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |