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<document id="236501B3AEB51E01BF6C934E90FA6D49" ID-CLB-Dataset="4042" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.772.1505" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b65bb5a9-bbe7-49a4-af44-4b4c03121288" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5536410" ID-ZooBank="9B82A32F-0A07-47E3-8684-FED7C8EBF1E9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1632919496065" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Miranda, Gustavo Silva de, Giupponi, Alessandro P. L., Prendini, Lorenzo &amp; Scharff, Nikolaj" docDate="2021" docId="8F431375FF55FF1FA51CFEE6FD3CDA22" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-772_1-409.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 772" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.772.1505" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sarax timorensis Miranda &amp; Reboleira 2019" docType="treatment" docVersion="16" lastPageNumber="205" masterDocId="737A6B0DFF99FFD3A710FFEFFFC6DC01" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi)" masterLastPageNumber="409" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1699416367315" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="A7C9449DF13569190F6BE325FB85286E">Systematic revision of the pantropical whip spider family Charinidae Quintero, 1986 (Arachnida, Amblypygi)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AC3795E7F03BD15142209DDBC2F7B9BF">Miranda, Gustavo Silva de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D06F1208EAC37F2F02EE76BE68700DE6">Giupponi, Alessandro P. L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1145A1B49F96A22CEDA68C86ECFC1649">Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses, LIRN-IOC-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0725EE0FD50BD07F5B7677DEEF987FFF">Prendini, Lorenzo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0B35708DC3BCF878234C20A480D6FC5">Arachnology Lab, Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D571C602C66AB676809B3EAF468A3F3">Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. &amp; Entomology Department, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA. &amp; Zoology Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF55FF1FA51CFEE6FD1DDD22" ID-CoL="79MF8" authorityName="Miranda &amp; Reboleira" authorityYear="2019" box="[524,731,265,291]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA51CFEE6FD1DDD22" bold="true" box="[524,731,265,291]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Sarax timorensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF55FF1FA5F3FEE6FBEEDD22" author="Miranda G. S. &amp; Reboleira A. S. P. S." box="[739,1064,265,291]" firstAuthor="Miranda" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" pagination="1 - 12" part="820" refId="ref151067" refString="Miranda G. S. &amp; Reboleira A. S. P. S. 2019. Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae). ZooKeys 820: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 820.30139" title="Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2019">
<collectingRegion id="C52E6C81FF55FF1FA5F3FEE6FC80DD22" box="[739,838,265,291]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Miranda</collectingRegion>
&amp; Reboleira, 2019
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<figureCitation id="9FD1BEE6FF55FF1FA5A6FEC2FCDDDD46" box="[694,795,301,327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="358.[189,232,1232,1258]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,265,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-33@358.[189,1398,265,1187]" captionTargetPageId="358" captionText="Fig. 103. Map plotting known distributions of species of Sarax Simon, 1892 in Southeast Asia and Oceania, with insets for Singapore (A), eastern Borneo (B), and western West Papua (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5536674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5536674/files/figure.png" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
;
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<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF55FF1FA7ADFE80FE42DD88" ID-CoL="79MF8" authorityName="Miranda &amp; Reboleira" authorityYear="2019" box="[189,388,367,393]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA7ADFE80FE42DD88" box="[189,388,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Sarax timorensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF55FF1FA69CFE80FCCBDD88" author="Miranda G. S. &amp; Reboleira A. S. P. S." box="[396,781,367,394]" firstAuthor="Miranda" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" page="4 - 8" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" pagination="1 - 12" part="820" refId="ref151067" refString="Miranda G. S. &amp; Reboleira A. S. P. S. 2019. Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae). ZooKeys 820: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 820.30139" title="Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2019">
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&amp; Reboleira, 2019: 48
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, figs 14.
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA7ADFE5EFEF0DDCA" bold="true" box="[189,310,433,459]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADFE0FFAD5DE8B" blockId="204.[188,1400,480,651]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
Based in part on
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF55FF1FA690FE0FFD09DDFA" author="Miranda G. S. &amp; Reboleira A. S. P. S." box="[384,719,480,507]" firstAuthor="Miranda" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" pagination="1 - 12" part="820" refId="ref151067" refString="Miranda G. S. &amp; Reboleira A. S. P. S. 2019. Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae). ZooKeys 820: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 820.30139" title="Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2019">
<collectingRegion id="C52E6C81FF55FF1FA690FE0FFE25DDFB" box="[384,483,480,506]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Miranda</collectingRegion>
&amp; Reboleira (2019)
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, this species may be separated from other species of
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<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA221FE0EFAB3DDFA" box="[1329,1397,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Sarax</emphasis>
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in Southeast Asia and Oceania by the following combination of characters: large size (total length
<quantity id="C0120F86FF55FF1FA224FDEBFF29DE42" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.282" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="12.82">12.82 mm</quantity>
); eight anterior setae; only two pairs of lateral eyes; cheliceral claw with six teeth; male gonopod with base of fistula, dorsal lobe and lateral lobe II sclerotized; pedipalp tarsus with two dorsal spines; leg basitibia with four pseudo-articles; leg IV distitibia
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA40BFD9EFCF5DE8B" box="[795,819,625,650]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">sc</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA47DFD9FFC47DE8B" box="[877,897,624,650]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">sf</emphasis>
series each with six trichobothria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADFD5DFB70DF39" blockId="204.[189,1398,690,825]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
The presence of only two pairs of lateral eyes is a unique character state among
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF55FF1FA3FAFD5DFAB5DECD" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1883" box="[1258,1395,690,716]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Amblypygi</taxonomicName>
, otherwise known only in a few extinct species, e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF55FF1FA43BFD39FA82DEF0" authority="Wunderlich, 2015" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2015" box="[811,1348,726,753]" class="Arachnida" genus="Kronocharon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicalcaris">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA43BFD39FBACDEF1" box="[811,1130,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Kronocharon longicalcaris</emphasis>
Wunderlich, 2015
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF55FF1FA7AEFD15FC8BDF15" authority="Engel &amp; Grimaldi, 2014" authorityName="Engel &amp; Grimaldi" authorityYear="2014" box="[190,845,762,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Paracharontidae" genus="Paracharonopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cambayensis">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA7AEFD15FDE3DF15" box="[190,549,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Paracharonopsis cambayensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF55FF1FA53BFD15FC8BDF15" author="Engel M. S. &amp; Grimaldi D. A." box="[555,845,762,788]" firstAuthor="Engel" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Paleoentomologicae" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" pagination="1 - 17" part="9" refId="ref147976" refString="Engel M. S. &amp; Grimaldi D. A. 2014. Whipspiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi) in amber from the Early Eocene and mid-Cretaceous, including maternal care. Novitates Paleoentomologicae 9: 1 - 17. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / np. v 0 i 9.4765" title="Whipspiders (Arachnida: Amblypygi) in amber from the Early Eocene and mid-Cretaceous, including maternal care" type="journal article" year="2014">Engel &amp; Grimaldi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="C0EAD9E0FF55FF1FA449FD15FBD8DF15" authorityName="Miranda &amp; Reboleira" authorityYear="2019" box="[857,1054,762,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Charinidae" genus="Sarax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorensis">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA449FD15FBD8DF15" box="[857,1054,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Sarax timorensis</emphasis>
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differs from these species by its much larger size and the number of spines on the pedipalp. The female is unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<heading id="5C1D150FFF55FF1FA7ADFC8FFE82DF7B" bold="true" box="[189,324,864,890]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA7ADFC8FFE82DF7B" bold="true" box="[189,324,864,890]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADFC60FBD4DFA8" blockId="204.[189,1042,911,938]" box="[189,1042,911,938]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Adjective referring to the island of Timor, on which the species is found.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF55FF1FA7ADFC3DFDB8D862" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADFC3DFE3DDFED" blockId="204.[189,507,977,1004]" box="[189,507,977,1004]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA7ADFC3DFEABDFEA" bold="true" box="[189,365,977,1004]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Type material</emphasis>
(examined)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7FAFBEEFDB8D862" blockId="204.[189,1399,1025,1123]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<materialsCitation id="B782A83EFF55FF1FA7FAFBEEFDB8D862" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3383566035" collectingDate="2016-09-06" collectingDateMax="2016-09-12" collectingDateMin="2016-09-06" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="A. S. P. S. Reboleira" country="Timor-Leste" latitude="-8.543833" location="Puropoko Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.066216" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Lautem District" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA7FAFBEEFE9AD81A" bold="true" box="[234,348,1025,1051]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF55FF1FA7FAFBEEFE9AD81A" box="[234,348,1025,1051]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="7FFDE2F3FF55FF1FA7ADFBCAFEBBD83E" box="[189,381,1061,1087]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">TIMOR-LESTE</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="11EC69EAFF55FF1FA68AFBCAFE75D83E" box="[410,435,1061,1087]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="male"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="C52E6C81FF55FF1FA6AFFBCAFDBFD83E" box="[447,633,1061,1087]" country="Timor-Leste" name="Lautem" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Lautém District</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="0235F4B8FF55FF1FA594FBCAFCFAD83E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F431375FF55FF1FA51CFEE6FD3CDA22:0235F4B8FF55FF1FA594FBCAFCFAD83E" box="[644,828,1061,1087]" country="Timor-Leste" latitude="-8.543833" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="127.066216" name="Puropoko Cave" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" stateProvince="Lautem District">Puropoko Cave</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="62DEC4A4FF55FF1FA457FBCCFBD1D83E" box="[839,1047,1059,1087]" degrees="08" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="37.7952" value="-8.543833">08°3237.7952″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="62DEC4A4FF55FF1FA333FBCCFB31D83E" box="[1059,1271,1059,1087]" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" precision="1" seconds="58.374" value="127.066216">127°0358.374″ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="735484A3FF55FF1FA212FBCAFF3DD862" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" value="2016-09-06" valueMax="2016-09-12" valueMin="2016-09-06">
<collectingDate id="63107D4BFF55FF1FA212FBCAFF3DD862" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" value="2016-09-06" valueMax="2016-09-12" valueMin="2016-09-06">612 Sep. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="AA1FC7B5FF55FF1FA616FBA6FE19D862" box="[262,479,1097,1123]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">A.S.P.S. Reboleira</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="61FB3AA6FF55FF1FA531FBA6FDBCD862" box="[545,634,1097,1123]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">ZMUC</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF55FF1FA7ADFB64FD9FD8D5" box="[189,601,1163,1237]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADFB64FE90D8A4" blockId="204.[189,342,1163,1189]" box="[189,342,1163,1189]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF55FF1FA7ADFB64FE90D8A4" bold="true" box="[189,342,1163,1189]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA7ADFB64FE90D8A4" bold="true" box="[189,342,1163,1189]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADFB54FD9FD8D5" blockId="204.[189,601,1210,1237]" box="[189,601,1210,1237]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF55FF1FA6D2FB54FE33D8D4" box="[450,501,1211,1237]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF55FF1FA7ADFB13FD12D9B3" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADFB13FEB8D917" blockId="204.[189,382,1276,1302]" box="[189,382,1276,1302]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF55FF1FA7ADFB13FEB8D917" bold="true" box="[189,382,1276,1302]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA7ADFB13FEB8D917" bold="true" box="[189,382,1276,1302]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Natural history</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADFAC4FD12D9B3" blockId="204.[188,1399,1323,1458]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
The cave in which the
<typeStatus id="D8511CC1FF55FF1FA6D0FAC3FE35D947" box="[448,499,1324,1350]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
material was collected is on the border of Ira Lalaro Lake, a large closed karst depression in the eastern part of Timor Island. The temperature in the cave is constant at about 32°C and a stream runs through it. A large bat colony contributes extensive guano deposits, resulting in high densities of cockroaches throughout the cave.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FF0F1E8FF55FF1FA7ADFA35FD3CDA22" box="[189,762,1498,1571]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADFA35FEE9D9F5" blockId="204.[189,303,1498,1524]" box="[189,303,1498,1524]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
<heading id="5C1D150FFF55FF1FA7ADFA35FEE9D9F5" bold="true" box="[189,303,1498,1524]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" reason="3">
<emphasis id="359E7E71FF55FF1FA7ADFA35FEE9D9F5" bold="true" box="[189,303,1498,1524]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0755A263FF55FF1FA7ADF9E6FD3CDA22" blockId="204.[189,762,1545,1571]" box="[189,762,1545,1571]" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">
See
<bibRefCitation id="637BDF92FF55FF1FA7FFF9E6FDF9DA22" author="Miranda G. S. &amp; Reboleira A. S. P. S." box="[239,575,1545,1571]" firstAuthor="Miranda" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="204" pageNumber="205" pagination="1 - 12" part="820" refId="ref151067" refString="Miranda G. S. &amp; Reboleira A. S. P. S. 2019. Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae). ZooKeys 820: 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 820.30139" title="Amblypygids of Timor-Leste: First records of the order from the country with the description of a remarkable new species of Sarax (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae)" type="journal article" year="2019">
<collectingRegion id="C52E6C81FF55FF1FA7FFF9E6FE94DA22" box="[239,338,1545,1571]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="204" pageNumber="205">Miranda</collectingRegion>
&amp; Reboleira (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
for description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>