229 lines
25 KiB
XML
229 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A64718BB3C7377F7A6777F0CB516EF85">The advertisement call of Leptobrachella liui Fei and Ye, 1990 (Anura: Megophryidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4010B877051A86393743E0A155E40ED6">Ding, Guo-Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="10596F45BD5190904F46C8690CCC97F4">Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China & ADI Team, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2FB3ECA7D14F309FC34AF1155B3405EF">Chen, Zhi-Qiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FED3D5A8944ED70651BC77A736BB7630">ADI Team, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8CE574FF4E9BAABB07E953430753506A">Tang, Yun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CE727EAFC6AE5C0DFEED9D6AA919E631">Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China & ADI Team, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="29E98C93E5905F0FDED04BA4154DE657">Lin, Zhi-Hua</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="78361C8B68C53523380DE7CD02867022">ADI Team, College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, Zhejiang, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="44791D6D7354B47EA358DFF7630064FD" type="email">zhlin1015@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="881E9CD3B09C7F9289363A18BE3A698A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5624860F189BF463BBA7AE8ECA70F816">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="152AD429FFDEFFCC9AFD95B1352CFE6F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4323784" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167284625" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4323784" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152AD429FFDEFFCC9AFD95B1352CFE6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/152AD429FFDEFFCC9AFD95B1352CFE6F" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="589" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
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<subSubSection id="D59936B4FFDEFFCD9AFD95B134C5FB29" box="[199,241,1227,1250]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9D3C653FFFDEFFCD9AFD95B134C5FB29" blockId="0.[151,1436,706,2031]" box="[199,241,1227,1250]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
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<heading id="C674D253FFDEFFCD9AFD95B134C5FB29" box="[199,241,1227,1250]" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
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<taxonomicName id="5A831EBCFFDEFFCD9AFD95B134C5FB29" ID-CoL="3TK9X" authority="Fei and Ye, 1990" authorityName="Fei and Ye" authorityYear="1990" box="[199,241,1227,1250]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui">
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<location id="985C33E4FFDEFFCD9AFD95B134C5FB29" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:152AD429FFDEFFCC9AFD95B1352CFE6F:985C33E4FFDEFFCD9AFD95B134C5FB29" box="[199,241,1227,1250]" country="China" latitude="28.370556" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="118.890274" municipality="Suichang" name="The" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" stateProvince="Zhejiang">The</location>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="D59936B4FFDEFFCD9AC695B13064F947" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9D3C653FFFDEFFCD9AC695B13064F947" blockId="0.[151,1436,706,2031]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
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<materialsCitation id="2DEB6F62FFDEFFCD9AC695B13079F947" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846543301" collectingDate="2017-04" collectorName="Calls & Sony IC & The & C. Calls & Praat & Stream & Cool Edit Pro & Description & We & Ratios & Values" country="China" elevation="5" latitude="28.370556" location="The" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="118.890274" municipality="Suichang" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zhejiang">
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advertisement calls of five males were recorded in the field at
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<collectingMunicipality id="7D58FF45FFDEFFCD99F695B13006FB29" box="[972,1074,1227,1250]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Suichang</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="5F47ABDDFFDEFFCD9E7B95B13097FB29" box="[1089,1187,1227,1250]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E59425AFFFDEFFCD9E8895B130C6FB29" box="[1202,1266,1227,1250]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F8B703F8FFDEFFCD9AAD95973518FACF" box="[151,300,1261,1284]" degrees="118" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" precision="15" seconds="25" value="118.890274">118°53’25” E</geoCoordinate>
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) in
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<date id="E93D43FFFFDEFFCD9B62959735E6FACF" box="[344,466,1261,1284]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" value="2017-04">
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<collectingDate id="F979BA17FFDEFFCD9B62959735E6FACF" box="[344,466,1261,1284]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" value="2017-04">April 2017</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9BE795973620FACF" box="[477,532,1261,1284]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Calls</collectorName>
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were recorded using a
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD992895973758FACF" box="[786,876,1261,1284]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Sony IC</collectorName>
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ICD-SX1000 recorder with an internal microphone placed at a distance of approximately
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<quantity id="5A7BC8DAFFDEFFCD9811946A365CFAEC" box="[555,616,1296,1319]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.5">
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<elevation id="16AE820CFFDEFFCD9811946A365CFAEC" box="[555,616,1296,1319]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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from focal males, with a sampling frequency resolution of 44.1 kHz and 16- bit resolution. A total of 245 calls were recorded and the number of calls ranged from 22 to 81 among individuals.
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9F48944931AFFA81" box="[1394,1435,1331,1354]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">The</collectorName>
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air temperature at the time of recording varied between 14.7–20.2°
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9942942F37F9FAA7" box="[888,973,1365,1388]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">C. Calls</collectorName>
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were analyzed using
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9E84942F30C1FAA7" box="[1214,1269,1365,1388]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Praat</collectorName>
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6.0.36.
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9F6A942F31AFFAA7" box="[1360,1435,1365,1388]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Stream</collectorName>
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background noise was reduced in
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9839940236A3FA44" box="[515,663,1400,1423]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Cool Edit Pro</collectorName>
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2.1.
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD98F79402377DFA44" box="[717,841,1400,1423]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Description</collectorName>
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and terminology of call parameters followed (
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<bibRefCitation id="F91218CEFFDEFFCD9F06940234E5FA79" author="Xu, J. X. & Xie, F. & Jiang, J. P. & Mo, Y. M. & Zheng, Z. H." pageId="0" pageNumber="588" pagination="12 - 19" refId="ref2388" refString="Xu, J. X., Xie, F., Jiang, J. P., Mo, Y. M. & Zheng, Z. H. (2005) The acoustic features of the mating call of 12 anuran species. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 40, 12 - 19." type="journal article" year="2005">
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Xu
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<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDEFFCD9F5C940231A8FA44" box="[1382,1436,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">et al.</emphasis>
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2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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): call duration (CD, in s), note number in a single call (NN), call intensity (CTI, in dB), dominant frequency (DF, in Hz), fundamental frequency (F0, in Hz), the frequency of first to third formants (F1, F2 and F3, in Hz).
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9ED794C73124FA1F" box="[1261,1296,1469,1492]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">We</collectorName>
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used withinmale coefficients of variation (CV
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD983994953624FA30" attach="left" box="[515,528,1519,1531]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">W</subScript>
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) of each parameter in order to classify them as dynamic (CV
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD9EA19495309CFA30" attach="left" box="[1179,1192,1519,1531]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">W</subScript>
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> 10%), static (CV
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD9F42949531B1FA30" attach="left" box="[1400,1413,1519,1531]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">W</subScript>
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<5%) or intermediate (5% ≤ CV
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD9BDB976F35DAF9EA" attach="left" box="[481,494,1557,1569]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">W</subScript>
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≤ 10%) (Pr ӧhl 2003); among-male coefficients of variation (CV
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD9E9A976F309EF9EA" attach="left" box="[1184,1194,1557,1569]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">A</subScript>
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) were calculated from the grand mean and standard deviation.
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9866975136B1F989" box="[604,645,1579,1602]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">The</collectorName>
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ratio CV
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD98CA974036CEF98D" attach="left" box="[752,762,1594,1606]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">A</subScript>
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/CV
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD991D97403700F98D" attach="left" box="[807,820,1594,1606]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">W</subScript>
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was calculated as a measure of relative between-male variability.
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<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9B28972A3562F9AC" box="[274,342,1616,1639]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Ratios</collectorName>
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of CV
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD9BA59725359DF9A0" attach="left" box="[415,425,1631,1643]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">A</subScript>
|
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/CV
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||
<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD9BEC972535D7F9A0" attach="left" box="[470,483,1631,1643]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">W</subScript>
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> 1.0 are usually indicative that the parameter could be used for individual recognition (e.g.,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F91218CEFFDEFFCD9AE9970F3584F947" author="Gambale, P. G. & Signorelli, L. & Bastos, R. P." box="[211,432,1652,1677]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" pagination="271 - 281" refId="ref1821" refString="Gambale, P. G., Signorelli, L. & Bastos, R. P. (2014) Individual variation in the advertisement calls of a Neotropical treefrog (Scinax constrictus). Amphibia-Reptilia, 35, 271 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685381 - 00002949" type="journal article" year="2014">
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||
Gambale
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||
<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDEFFCD9B00970C355DF947" box="[314,361,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="307600E9FFDEFFCD9BF8970F363DF947" box="[450,521,1653,1676]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Values</collectorName>
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are presented as mean ± standard deviation and range
|
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</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D59936B4FFDEFFCC9AFD97E2352CFE6F" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="589" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9D3C653FFFDEFFCD9AFD97E2302AF824" blockId="0.[151,1436,706,2031]" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">
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The advertisement call of
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<taxonomicName id="5A831EBCFFDEFFCD9BE597E2362BF964" baseAuthorityName="Fei & Ye" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[479,543,1687,1711]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui">
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||
<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDEFFCD9BE597E2362BF964" box="[479,543,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">L. liui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="05B879BAFFDEFFCD981497E23658F964" box="[558,620,1688,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1243,1265]" captionTargetBox="[152,1412,492,1210]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,474,1220]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Oscillogram of a 10 s long call bout of Leptobrachella liui (voucher LSULL2017001) recorded in Suichang, Zhejiang, China. Air temperature at the time of recording was 17.5 °C. (B) Detailed view of a 1 s section of the oscillogram and (C) spectrogram of the same call. (D) Power spectrum of the same advertisement call. (E) Dorsal and ventral views of a male L. liui from the same locality characterized by a gray-brown or brown dorsum, a W-shaped marking on the upper part of the shoulder, a dark triangular marking between the eyes, light brown color on upper arm and tibio-tarsal articulation, few nebulous spots on chest and belly and presence of white glands arranged in two lateral rows on belly (Fei & Ye 2016). The latter trait is not visible in dorsal or ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3993510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3993510/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) consists of multiple pulsed notes, and is highly amplitude-modulated, with amplitude peaking towards the start of each call. Calls of the five males consisted of 3.11 ± 0.35 notes (range 2–4 notes), with one pulse per note, CD of 0.063 ±
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<geoCoordinate id="F8B703F8FFDEFFCD987C97A736A7F93F" box="[582,659,1757,1780]" degrees="0.008" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="588" precision="55" value="-0.008">0.008 s</geoCoordinate>
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(range
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–
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s), CTI of 72.04 ±1.96 dB (range 67.63–79.09 dB). The DF ranged from 4814.5 to 5489.6 Hz (average 5234.4 ± 143.4 Hz), whereas the F0 ranged from 811.8 to 1179.5 Hz (average 968.0 ± 73.7 Hz). The F1, F2 and F3 were emitted from 1693.4 to 2419.9 Hz (average 2050.9 ± 150.5 Hz), 2632.0 to 4049.7 Hz (average 3215.8 ± 391.4 Hz) and 4161.9 to 5258.3 Hz (average 4635.3 ± 267.6 Hz), respectively. The CV
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of CD, NN, CTI, DF, F0, F1, F2 and F3 were 9.6 ± 4.1 % (range 4.0–15.5 %), 6.2 ± 6.7 % (range 0–16.1 %), 1.9 ± 0.5 % (range 1.2–2.3 %), 1.8 ± 0.9 % (range 0.9–3.2 %), 7.1 ± 1.9 % (range 4.3–9.7 %), 5.7 ± 2.3 % (range 3.1–9.3 %), 6.3 ± 3.5 % (range 3.0–9.3 %) and 2.7 ± 1.0 % (range 1.4–3.7 %), respectively. The ratios of CV
|
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD9EEC96B830D4F805" attach="left" box="[1238,1248,1986,1998]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">A</subScript>
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/CV
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<subScript id="0107677AFFDEFFCD9F3796B8312EF805" attach="left" box="[1293,1306,1986,1998]" fontSize="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="588">W</subScript>
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in CD, NN, CTI, DF, F0, F1, F2 and F3 were 1.3, 1.8, 1.5, 1.4, 1.1, 1.2, 1.9 and 2.2, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9D3C653FFFDFFFCC9AFD91E2352CFE6F" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,420]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">
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The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A831EBCFFDFFFCC9BE191E23670FF64" box="[475,580,151,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDFFFCC9BE191E23670FF64" box="[475,580,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">L. alpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains approximately nine notes, with average CD of 0.270 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F8B703F8FFDFFFCC9ED591E2310AFF64" box="[1263,1342,152,175]" degrees="0.069" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" precision="55" value="-0.069">0.069 s</geoCoordinate>
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||
, average DF, F0 and F1 all of 6700 Hz (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F91218CEFFDFFFCC9BC891C036ACFF1A" author="Xu, J. X. & Xie, F. & Jiang, J. P. & Mo, Y. M. & Zheng, Z. H." box="[498,664,185,209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="12 - 19" refId="ref2388" refString="Xu, J. X., Xie, F., Jiang, J. P., Mo, Y. M. & Zheng, Z. H. (2005) The acoustic features of the mating call of 12 anuran species. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 40, 12 - 19." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDFFFCC982791C0367AFF1A" box="[541,590,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A831EBCFFDFFFCC99F691C03054FF1A" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[972,1120,185,209]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDFFFCC99F691C03054FF1A" box="[972,1120,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">L. oshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of three notes, with average CD of 0.046 ±
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F8B703F8FFDFFFCC9BA391A735D3FF3F" box="[409,487,221,244]" degrees="0.013" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" precision="55" value="-0.013">0.013 s</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(range
|
||
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s) and DF ranging between 4402–4633 Hz (average 4521.9 ± 79.6 Hz) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F91218CEFFDFFFCC9AF4907A35BEFEDC" author="Jiang, J. P. & Xie, F. & Fei, L. & Ye, C. Y. & Zheng, M. Q." box="[206,394,255,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" pagination="89 - 94" refId="ref1961" refString="Jiang, J. P., Xie, F., Fei, L., Ye, C. Y. & Zheng, M. Q. (2002) Mating calls of six forms of pelobatid in Wawu Mountain National Forest Park, Sichuan, China (Anura: Pelobatidae). Zoological Research, 23, 89 - 94." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Jiang
|
||
<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDFFFCC9B2B907A3575FEDC" box="[273,321,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These reported call parameters are different among the three Chinese endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A831EBCFFDFFFCC9EC3918531A8FEDC" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1925" box="[1273,1436,255,279]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDFFFCC9EC3918531A8FEDC" box="[1273,1436,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">Leptobrachella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and could be helpful in species identification in the field. CTI, DF and F3 are classified as static traits in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A831EBCFFDFFFCC9F74905831A1FEF2" box="[1358,1429,289,313]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lilui">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDFFFCC9F74905831A1FEF2" box="[1358,1429,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">L. lilui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas other parameters are intermediate due to their average CV
|
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between 5 % and 10 %. The ratios of CV
|
||
<subScript id="0107677AFFDFFFCC9F01902E3171FEAB" attach="left" box="[1339,1349,340,352]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">A</subScript>
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/CV
|
||
<subScript id="0107677AFFDFFFCC9F48902E314BFEAB" attach="left" box="[1394,1407,340,352]" fontSize="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">W</subScript>
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||
in all parameters were more than 1.0, suggesting that advertisement calls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A831EBCFFDFFFCC99D09010301BFE4A" baseAuthorityName="Fei & Ye" baseAuthorityYear="1990" box="[1002,1071,361,385]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="589" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui">
|
||
<emphasis id="AFF7B92DFFDFFFCC99D09010301BFE4A" box="[1002,1071,361,385]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="589">L. liui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could play a role in individual recognition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |