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<document id="BD9ED1B358E8D149000B0887DDFD8456" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.9530" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0cfdbfdc-9286-4525-a696-b808b98dc9ca" ID-PMC="PMC5027775" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-615-1" ID-PubMed="27667938" ID-ZooBank="3C47DE97A10E4688A92A29F7F6155B72" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-615-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 615" ModsDocTitle="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) of the deep Northwestern Atlantic, including remarkable new species of Euritmia and Sphaerephesia" checkinTime="1473279503808" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Capa, Maria, Osborn, Karen J. &amp; Bakken, Torkild" docDate="2016" docId="0E2E29A56E979BF073F21489A3FD4863" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 615: 1-32" docOrigin="ZooKeys 615" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.615.9530" docTitle="Sphaerodoropsis corrugata Hartman &amp; Fauchald 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFA52D6FFFCDDC61F74C476EFFF5FFD2" masterDocTitle="Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) of the deep Northwestern Atlantic, including remarkable new species of Euritmia and Sphaerephesia" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1701317310253" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="037E2E22882793A9C8F1BE6936FDBF44">Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) of the deep Northwestern Atlantic, including remarkable new species of Euritmia and Sphaerephesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1CE0FD4366FA3B048E6603FE63AD26BC">Capa, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="57761D75B924BEE4B2A5B9EB1E13252F">Osborn, Karen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="091CA8B2A0104E1D7531C7E58A819302">Bakken, Torkild</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0E2E29A56E979BF073F21489A3FD4863" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127864328" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E2E29A56E979BF073F21489A3FD4863" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E2E29A56E979BF073F21489A3FD4863" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="617DBDD2CE6E12CFF35733A7C13D256B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="27689B01A6BBC3F6C799414B6DDD4102" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taxon classification Animalia Phyllodocida Sphaerodoridae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DDD5B4D116DCE62A00E541076BD9B2DC" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7EDC02F57BEEE0A98710494FE0404F36" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="D6843F8ACB462E66B10EB2DB505A9A98" ID-CoL="6YWDF" authority="Hartman &amp; Fauchald, 1971" authorityName="Hartman &amp; Fauchald" authorityYear="1971" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis corrugata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corrugata">Sphaerodoropsis corrugata Hartman &amp; Fauchald, 1971</taxonomicName>
Figs 8, 9
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="648258A8A2E7DDAF964B9EFCE6996BFB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D79C386236F5C9170A49EB4886B245F7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="20421CB02898A2230AC5334EDACE222E" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerodoropsis</taxonomicName>
Hartman &amp; Fauchald, 1971: 69-71, pl 34, figs a, b.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="14D8F61BE79263080FAD84A9DFF11D6C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="5FA1CC26702EE1BF0BF89FEEABB0673F" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoridium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoridium" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerodoridium</taxonomicName>
sp. A. -
<bibRefCitation id="91E3E7527F194BEC71AF9CFC0373C6C7" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Foundation Publications Occasional Papers" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 378" title="Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas." volume="28" year="1965">Hartman 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 94, Pl. 14, fig. f.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6EB6568EDD1C96EC32C6A69D0240A85D" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="95FA230F9A2696962987CBF2A3A4D0B0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6729266409C0F1B2FCA8D0975BA418B8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Holotype: LACM- AHF POLY 950, west of Atlantis Canyon, New England continental slope, North Atlantic,
<geoCoordinate id="E2234CAFA53369EC872908B44DFD9CFA" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="39.941666">39°56.5'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6981910AAFE8D20ABF7BC8D5DA6A3A1B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-70.665">70°39.9'W</geoCoordinate>
, 400 m, 28 Aug 1962. Additional material. USNM 1002203 (1 ind.), off Massachusetts, United States, North Atlantic Ocean,
<geoCoordinate id="521040187F590003C3BEB452A29BA6E2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.0214">40°01.284'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="02C139B37D77CE17078357708C1E83D5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.9172">70°55.032'W</geoCoordinate>
, 255 m, 8 Dec 1984; USNM 1002207 (6 ind., 3 for SEM) Lydonia Canyon, Georges Bank, United States,
<geoCoordinate id="6590691435438ABE028045B8DCE75A3A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.3519">40°21.114'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7B97858D7CAB2C6F600EBD280D3E1FF9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-67.5372">67°32.232'W</geoCoordinate>
, 590 m, 28 Apr 1985; USNM 1002209 (4 ind.) ff Massachusetts, United States,
<geoCoordinate id="6B43AD6D25CD4EE35749B6163783BF74" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.0208">40°01.248'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B593D024B4803EC978B4F4CB42CB885B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-70.9181">70°55.086'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m, 4 May 1985; USNM 1002193 (2 ind., 1 for SEM), Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, United States,
<geoCoordinate id="7F6C1C94D53B98EA7E7EF1CF2549AE65" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="35.4378">35°26.268'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1C06E894924A41C7EC52ADE4DB8F3B0B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-74.6906">74°41.436'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2003 m, 24 May 1985; USNM 1002212 (1 ind.) off Massachusetts, United States,
<geoCoordinate id="4568C6AD8458BAA78BC3C6C2F1A61731" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.8397">39°50.382'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AFF9BF0A7B50191D1244617BBAF311BF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-70.0275">70°01.65'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1239 m, 27 Nov 1985; USNM 1001989 (2 juvenile ind.) off New Jersey, United States,
<geoCoordinate id="E62AE0985C8E25F97DBBBF9695F50837" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.6678">38°40.068'N</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="99299F5A336568BAF4A193E5D8D99639" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-72.9403">072°56.418'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1519 m, 13 Nov 1985; USNM 1001830 (1 ind.), Baltimore Canyon, United States,
<geoCoordinate id="D3B5B4F9B0FE246B36BE6C0143DAF0FB" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="37.8881">37°53.286'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BBFE787E98828AF5EB72C38C167CD3B6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-73.7544">73°45.264'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1619 m, 7 Aug 1984; USNM 1002032 (1 ind.), off Massachusetts,
<geoCoordinate id="D197E247D4A0ABE75A9596152499A20C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="39.806">39°48.36'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D487B1293360E3B35CEC84BB88422555" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-70.9155">70°54.93'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1249 m, coll. Battelle-New England Marine Research Lab For BLM/ MMS, 30 Nov 1985; USNM 1002033 (1 ind.), Georges Bank,
<geoCoordinate id="C26065D00554D05B9131E485CD7289F1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="41.0225">41°01.35'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="967609491D12109522AE4A66B49A8180" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-66.337166">66°20.23'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1345 m, coll. Battelle-New England Marine Lab For BLM/ MMS, 25 Jul 1986; USNM 1002035 (1 ind.), Georges Bank,
<geoCoordinate id="BA20F3C7EC065264AE6C69F8E8FAAF15" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="41.025665">41°01.54'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="52160899B99E762013F85BF247D6C25B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-66.33517">66°20.11'W</geoCoordinate>
, 1345 m, coll. Battelle-New England Marine Lab For BLM/ MMS, 25 Jul 1986.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6897CEB7D3F64739C242B6B401DC3972" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0F7356AF0A0E542784E9FC39F9821A78" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Comparative material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="59E623C90163800F6CD50C50BDB1AF43" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="E89C37CA7AE55F1657984F517D2ACE33" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia fauchaldi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fauchaldi">Sphaerephesia fauchaldi</taxonomicName>
Kudenov, 1987b, holotype NMNH 102785;
<taxonomicName id="2EFF0234AE30764CD1387B9F200A00F6" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia longisetis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longisetis">Sphaerephesia longisetis</taxonomicName>
Fauchald, 1972, holotype AHF POLY
<pageBreakToken id="307BFC9575228821786787C01F08833D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">0964</pageBreakToken>
;
<taxonomicName id="BB13EE20717F78C1D47A8C4BD90F6161" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia regularis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="regularis">Sphaerephesia regularis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="76021636E5AAEE457F576F6E54C7F8F8" originalValue="Böggemann">Boeggemann</normalizedToken>
, 2009, holotype ZMH P25498, paratypes ZMH P25497 (4 ind.), ZMH P25499 (4 ind.);
<taxonomicName id="7904A1DE41AB301E97B4B00032B0A7D8" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia similisetis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="similisetis">Sphaerephesia similisetis</taxonomicName>
Fauchald, 1972, paratype AHF POLY 0967 (2 ind.).
<taxonomicName id="00F5BF6CC69631C2C3B2C8FE7961F306" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia hutchingsae" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hutchingsae">Sphaerephesia hutchingsae</taxonomicName>
Capa &amp; Bakken, 2015, holotype East of Malabar, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, AM W.42748,
<geoCoordinate id="D5DC1C4F31C0CAF83EBAA1479578E6AD" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.97861">33°58.71667'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9E467A23C79AA9E634E27804BD066B28" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="70.665">70°39.9'E</geoCoordinate>
, 82 m, 22 Aug 1995; paratypes from nearby collecting sites (see
<bibRefCitation id="061C5D19CD163AB1ECBFAD659CB29D07" author="Capa, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="227 - 267" title="Revision of the Australian Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) including the description of four new species." url="10.11646/zootaxa.4000.2.3" volume="4000" year="2015">Capa and Bakken 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C1FCD74FA5D3B2A874C27808EE23E304" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BDC346830FCB97CFB67658B3F33556DE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B6CBB2541ED60160989A95C471AF6FAA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Body ellipsoid, with four longitudinal rows of sessile, rounded to pear-shaped macrotubercles without terminal papillae, per segment. Distance between dorsal-most macrotubercles exceeds distance between those and lateral ones. Parapodia with ventral cirri as long as acicular lobe or slightly shorter and 4-6 rounded, small papillae, sometimes a dorsal one slightly larger. Parapodia with 10-16 compound chaetae, with thin shafts and blades 12-16 times as long as wide.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A4FED6C2563D9C07FD16DE129D1BB228" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="44E72453378EA421B466A993FBA75925" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Re-description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="77C7566C74CE256575AA42AD84D7FDBA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Measurements and general morphology. Gravid female, 2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, with 17 chaetigers. Body ellipsoid, slightly flattened dorso-ventrally (wider than high). Tegument with transverse wrinkles and segmentation only barely discernible. Preserved specimen lacking pigmentation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26CC94E242EFC50A283D0D3E170E248E" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Head. Anterior end bluntly rounded (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="1C8617BB271903F0F59F59DA23DFAF68" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
). Prostomium with seven longer appendages, including a pair of palps, in ventral-most position near the mouth, conical, wrinkled and about 4-5 times longer than wide at base; a pair of lateral antennae, similar in shape and size to palps; a median antenna, shorter (two thirds) than lateral antennae and with a rounded distal end; and a pair of antenniform papillae behind lateral antennae, similar in shape and size to median antenna, or smaller (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="7A4E4C51F17A9C21627099E156934660" originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
). Around 20 digitiform smaller papillae confined by prostomial appendages and mouth, in frontal view (Fig. 8F). One pair of tentacular cirri similar in shape and size to lateral antennae and palps.
</paragraph>
<caption id="965555B989AB9B620BE4E05DA0EED50A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="564E741FEDA2E1DE8C9787C29B879F76" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figure 8.
<taxonomicName id="3C993191F1DF7A93CED3C1F4B259B71C" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis corrugata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corrugata">Sphaerodoropsis corrugata</taxonomicName>
, USNM 1002193 and 1002207. A Whole specimen, dorsal view B Juvenile, dorsal view C, D Anterior end, dorsal view E Same, side view F Head, frontal view G Mid-body segments, dorsal view H, I Mid-body dorsal macrotubercles J Posterior segments and pygidium, dorsal view. Abbreviations: la, lateral antenna; ma, median antenna; pa, palp; tc, tentacular cirrus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="831F1C0706C0C27C22FD3D02678621CC" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Tubercles. First chaetiger with two macrotubercles; rest of chaetigers with four macrotubercles, each arranged in four longitudinal rows along dorsum (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="25939C2D5C7E9A177015A5668C233CC6" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
, G). Distance between mid-rows larger than between these and lateral rows of macrotubercles (Fig. 8G). Size of all macrotubercles similar, with base as large as base of parapodia or smaller, or slightly increasing in size in first four chaetigers (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="965F84CB3063872B166B5D4DA96FF158" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
), also slightly reducing in size in posterior chaetigers towards pygidium. Macrotubercles spherical or pear shaped, with some pores (Fig. 8
<normalizedToken id="97B87CE958F29E5DCE9E634EA18654B4" originalValue="G–J">G-J</normalizedToken>
). Spherical papillae present over dorsum and ventrum, with arrangement hard to determine in holotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0A76AB1BBC82615A173F15B4164B3DC5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Parapodia. Parapodia sub-conical, 1-2 times longer than wide (shorter in anterior and posterior most chaetigers), wrinkled (Fig. 9
<normalizedToken id="95733DD92A459DD661D39080C575DF7B" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
). Acicular lobe projecting distally anterior to chaetae (Fig. 9
<normalizedToken id="EDEC811CBB0FA7064D3576C7A697D862" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
). Ventral cirri sub-conical, similar in length to acicular lobe but not projecting over the tip of acicular lobe (Fig. 9A). Mid-body parapodia with 4-5 spherical papillae: 1-2 on dorsal surface, 1 on anterior surface, 2 on ventral surface and 0-1 on posterior surface (Fig. 9
<normalizedToken id="7C897AC3BA3ADBA5BED9A250BEED1E5A" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
); all similar in size or a dorsal slightly larger.
</paragraph>
<caption id="23A8E876246B907AE1EAA1D2F62AF065" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<paragraph id="ADD0E55AD7584A90443C46F67619F658" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Figure 9.
<taxonomicName id="0536A32F481AD41D82925836D6D138A6" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis corrugata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corrugata">Sphaerodoropsis corrugata</taxonomicName>
, USNM 1002193 and 1002207. A Parapodium first chaetiger, anterior view B Parapodia chaetiger 6 and 7, anterior view C Posterior parapodium, anterior view D, E Mid-body parapodia, dorsal view F Mid-body segments, side view G Mid-body chaetae. Abbreviations: al, acicular lobe; vc, ventral cirrus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9DB6B8E6A411555B547BD97B4FD2A98D" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Chaetae. Compound chaetae present in all chaetigers, arranged in a curved transverse row around acicular lobe and numbering 8-12 per fascicle in mid-body chaetigers (Fig. 9
<normalizedToken id="59E3FC025E62D81F712C051F185B0C44" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
). Blades similar in length along fascicles (12-16 times longer than maximum width), only slightly longer than those from mid-fascicle, with fine and short spinulation along superior edge, slightly curved (Fig. 9G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="929C43CA80A331A412E935F8E93EE670" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<pageBreakToken id="A7306BE1B25FCB160C10A4781A1E511E" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">Pygidium</pageBreakToken>
. Pygidium terminal, with mid-ventral digitiform anal cirrus and a pair of dorsal anal cirri, similar in shape to macrotubercles but slightly smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19941D46106DC76E21937E9677482D68" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Internal features. Eyes not observed in any specimen; holotype with a pair of reddish anterior spots that may not be eyes, but the nuchal organs. Muscular pharynx runs along chaetigers 3-6.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B214BA052682FE99BF1D0C8C3439EE94" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Reproductive features. Holotype and a few of the additional specimens examined are gravid females carrying large discoid eggs, 200
<normalizedToken id="E02A94C3EF8F8693484DE8EFAB31EEBB" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter that occupy most of the body coelom, from the anterior to the posterior segments. &quot;Copulatory organs&quot; not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CC6AC574C4F17F94F67A9DC128DD4BE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="variation">
<paragraph id="FD37330EA436512A39CCB6B74F3DEE37" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<pageBreakToken id="D92B5D2F7E5BB331B579EB16AABB61CF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Variation</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B77369C5DD043B24FF2DE086E8DF2716" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Specimens measured from 0.6 mm to 3.5 mm. Specimens assigned to this species show some variation in the number and arrangement of the epithelial papillae, probably because there are not easily ascertained in the holotype and were not described in detail in the original description. Larger specimens with approximately 30 papillae present between mid-macrotubercles and 10 between these and the lateral ones in mid-segments (Fig. 8G). Smaller specimens with less epithelial papillae (Fig. 8B). About five papillae between lateral macrotubercles and parapodia. Ventral surface with small papillae, arranged in about five transversal rows in mid-body. Body epithelium with ellipsoid granules (Fig. 8H). Chaetae numbering up to 16 per fascicle in mid-body chaetigers. Shaft with slightly widened distal end with delicate, almost inconspicuous spinulation (Fig. 9G), length of blades up to 15-16 times longer than wide.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AFD900EA1756BB47BE87E7A965A59193" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="691CFB00D758799AA7F57E689BC753EE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0201AB1EF05AD0DFA82CFBDDBA20E009" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="A27BE1B4CA9F590B263646EFA4EC4917" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis corrugata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corrugata">Sphaerodoropsis corrugata</taxonomicName>
has not been reported since its original description. Records of this species include off New York state, from 400 to 1500 m (
<bibRefCitation id="A8D539D4AD19B35FBC5EC660F4351B91" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 327" title="Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic Areas. Part II." volume="6" year="1971">Hartman and Fauchald 1971</bibRefCitation>
). The type is not in excellent conditions to examine the number and arrangement of papilla. Nevertheless, some features observed on this specimen do not match the original description or are somehow imprecise. Antenniform papillae are present, unlike indicated in original and later descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="0F318521AA4D84D2038CBBB16C64CC35" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 327" title="Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic Areas. Part II." volume="6" year="1971">Hartman and Fauchald (1971)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C22711AC410C9D441189A8BDB4245470" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="257 - 289" title="Sphaerodoridae (Polychaeta: Errantia) from world wide areas." url="10.1080/00222937400770241" volume="8" year="1974">Fauchald (1974)</bibRefCitation>
. The parapodial papillae are all spherical or hemispherical, there is no truncate forms (
<bibRefCitation id="733238A8DD736D20ED1AFB6D6650BE14" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 327" title="Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic Areas. Part II." volume="6" year="1971">Hartman and Fauchald 1971</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 34B,
<bibRefCitation id="7B33ECBF4BAAB1FB21F93F6AAB01BD6C" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="257 - 289" title="Sphaerodoridae (Polychaeta: Errantia) from world wide areas." url="10.1080/00222937400770241" volume="8" year="1974">Fauchald 1974</bibRefCitation>
) and if they were observed with that shape it could have been due to a collapse of the structure that has recovered its original shape after years of preservation (see
<bibRefCitation id="0036F259623A8EAD8B861E61AB62D6EB" author="Capa, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="227 - 267" title="Revision of the Australian Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) including the description of four new species." url="10.11646/zootaxa.4000.2.3" volume="4000" year="2015">Capa and Bakken 2015</bibRefCitation>
for other examples). The chaetae drawn (
<bibRefCitation id="584BED0B26AE17DA6B0B27EAF66993D2" author="Hartman, O" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Foundation Publications Occasional Papers" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 378" title="Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas." volume="28" year="1965">Hartman 1965</bibRefCitation>
) may be ones with shorter blades in the fascicle, and some of the additional chaetae observed in the type and additional material are provided with longer and slender blades. As originally described, the acicular lobe is well developed and there is no additional parapodial lobes, only epithelial papillae, what seems to be the common pattern from all members in the family (
<bibRefCitation id="1678F749A99259F1D694B636B3576AC9" author="Capa, M" editor="Westheide, W" journalOrPublisher="De Gruyter, Oesnabruck" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" title="Handbook of Zoology. A Natural History of the Phyla of the Animal Kingdom. Annelida: Polychaetes" year="2014">Capa et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
), and not characteristic of this particular species. The different terminology for papillae used by different authors creates confusion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6EB6B93F16BF1DA2CD5A845EBF15416C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="DE0933E6B702EFC57EC2CB78115BABD0" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis elegans" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="elegans">Sphaerodoropsis elegans</taxonomicName>
Hartman &amp; Fauchald, 1971 originally described from Brazil but also reported from New England, resembles
<taxonomicName id="B04447E0AFEBB6250E9564776ACCD36C" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis corrugata" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="corrugata">Sphaerodoropsis corrugata</taxonomicName>
. It also belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="F475F9166E7520F22DF14795DCEB14BC" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerodoropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerodoropsis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerodoropsis</taxonomicName>
Group 1 sensu
<bibRefCitation id="BAE962F2954AC88F524E3ECC44539A80" author="Borowski, C" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="193 - 203" title="Three new deep-sea species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the eastern tropical South Pacific." url="10.1111/j.1463-6409.1994.tb00384.x" volume="23" year="1994">Borowski (1994)</bibRefCitation>
and is provided with long blade chaetae. Review of the types of this species reveal that the macrotubercles are pear-shaped, almost possessing a terminal papilla, indicating they could formally be considered as
<taxonomicName id="2958D3EFAAB596D8431FB4EF51ED37B8" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerephesia</taxonomicName>
. Other
<taxonomicName id="4120552918BC16F3A8EDA3AFB6F73095" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Sphaerephesia</taxonomicName>
species with ellipsoid body, four rows of macrotubercles with a terminal rounded papilla, several additional papillae on dorsal surface, and falcigers with long blades are
<taxonomicName id="A1FBA7FDC6FAAA26BFAE8ACB0F00D414" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia similisetis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="similisetis">Sphaerephesia similisetis</taxonomicName>
Fauchald, 1972,
<taxonomicName id="8291EB16266392F70C023B140F6DD693" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia longisetis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="longisetis">Sphaerephesia longisetis</taxonomicName>
Fauchald, 1972,
<taxonomicName id="2A89083857D2A42ECF457B34518B8C29" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia chilensis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="chilensis">Sphaerephesia chilensis</taxonomicName>
Fauchald, 1974,
<taxonomicName id="3EE61677E73F9B4F3791C1BBDC0FF49C" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia fauchaldi" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fauchaldi">Sphaerephesia fauchaldi</taxonomicName>
Kudenov, 1987b, and
<taxonomicName id="CB3E5FC430CB117A4FC344DBE16F901A" class="Polychaeta" family="Sphaerodoridae" genus="Sphaerephesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphaerephesia hutchingsae" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hutchingsae">Sphaerephesia hutchingsae</taxonomicName>
Capa &amp; Bakken, 2015.
<taxonomicName id="540E5B97AA2AF4807A7809DD9DD3ABFC" genus="Sphaerodopsis" lsidName="Sphaerodopsis corrugata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="corrugata">Sphaerodopsis corrugata</taxonomicName>
differs from all of these in the number of parapodial papillae since the other have one or two (
<taxonomicName id="E30CB6A7514D4A4AB17110264CB27060" genus="Sphaerodopsis" lsidName="Sphaerodopsis chilensis" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="chilensis">Sphaerodopsis chilensis</taxonomicName>
) or more than seven (
<bibRefCitation id="FC626EB81F35B59A58757ED9F52B0591" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 575" title="Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off Western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean." volume="7" year="1972">Fauchald 1972</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="3A26E4E23E046219D99F36EB00FD571A" author="Fauchald, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="257 - 289" title="Sphaerodoridae (Polychaeta: Errantia) from world wide areas." url="10.1080/00222937400770241" volume="8" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="962B486F011C99AC9862C467D026F1B9" author="Kudenov, JD" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="927 - 935" title="Five new species of Sphaerodoridae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Gulf of Mexico." volume="100" year="1987 b">Kudenov 1987b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="ABE4497F9DFF7315B2A3FC020C0B6845" author="Capa, M" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="227 - 267" title="Revision of the Australian Sphaerodoridae (Annelida) including the description of four new species." url="10.11646/zootaxa.4000.2.3" volume="4000" year="2015">Capa and Bakken 2015</bibRefCitation>
) while
<taxonomicName id="98F1A838E56DAC599ED15F411E33B482" genus="Sphaerodopsis" lsidName="Sphaerodopsis corrugata" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="corrugata">Sphaerodopsis corrugata</taxonomicName>
has four or five in mid-body chaetigers.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5827199F87B84380F4D07A0FAAC2C8A8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7C67652BF2F5FF13150A8D9535447064" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5201247B5EEC0962D2C9DAA258D1687D" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">New England, United States, 250-2000 m.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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