307 lines
49 KiB
XML
307 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="E8B3379684A1698D2D4C5AF5D93F90B0" ID-CLB-Dataset="39229" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3ed35bba-4eb0-454e-970d-b0caabfc8c4b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238194" ID-ZooBank="9A0F1819-753E-471E-81F3-06A9719223D8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461361189615" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zwick, Peter" docDate="2015" docId="0E0C0B57FFF4FFD92BBC220FF982FD13" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04059p180.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4059 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Madenemura Paulian 1949" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="F235732FFFF5FFDA2B2B241FFD55FFDE" masterDocTitle="Notes on Madagascan Stoneflies (Plecoptera: Notonemouridae)" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1698661804956" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4C1CDE99B5A8948F65BA332F58544B4B">Notes on Madagascan Stoneflies (Plecoptera: Notonemouridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="216544003D205FBE98C89932EEDC1008">Zwick, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6E886B69E6081F4CC5A0381A3ADFABAC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3D9EB630813452B6903DEBEA22003B61">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4C7EB0D0BA26BF6422B0E59D5FB1533B">4059</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B029CBD46A85014777638CDC207A1859" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4059.1.9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0E0C0B57FFF4FFD92BBC220FF982FD13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6100634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119648561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6100634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0E0C0B57FFF4FFD92BBC220FF982FD13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E0C0B57FFF4FFD92BBC220FF982FD13" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<subSubSection id="CEBFE9CAFFF4FFDB2BBC220FFF17F9F4" box="[151,578,1551,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF4FFDB2BBC220FFF17F9F4" blockId="1.[151,578,1551,1578]" box="[151,578,1551,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<heading id="DD520D2DFFF4FFDB2BBC220FFF17F9F4" bold="true" box="[151,578,1551,1578]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF4FFDB2BBC220FFF17F9F4" bold="true" box="[151,578,1551,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF4FFDB2BC52210FF17F9F4" ID-CoL="8MSQY" authority="Paulian, 1949" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1949" box="[238,578,1551,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF4FFDB2BC52210FCC4F9F7" bold="true" box="[238,401,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Madenemura</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF4FFDB2AB3220FFF17F9F4" author="Paulian" box="[408,578,1552,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refString="Paulian, R. (1949) Recherches sur les insectes d'importance biologique de Madagascar. IV. Decouverte de l'ordre des Plecopteres a Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 3, 359 - 363." type="journal article" year="1949">Paulian, 1949</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEBFE9CAFFF4FFDB2BBC2248FF8DF9B2" box="[151,728,1622,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF4FFDB2BBC2248FF8DF9B2" blockId="1.[151,1203,1622,1706]" box="[151,728,1622,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<typeStatus id="591E04E3FFF4FFDB2BBC2248FD9CF9B2" box="[151,201,1623,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF4FFDB2A0D2247FF61F9B2" authority="Paulian, 1949" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1949" box="[294,564,1622,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capuroni">
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF4FFDB2A0D2247FCF7F9B3" box="[294,418,1624,1645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">M. capuroni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF4FFDB2A832249FF61F9B2" author="Paulian" box="[424,564,1622,1644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refString="Paulian, R. (1949) Recherches sur les insectes d'importance biologique de Madagascar. IV. Decouverte de l'ordre des Plecopteres a Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 3, 359 - 363." type="journal article" year="1949">Paulian, 1949</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEBFE9CAFFF4FFD82BBC2269F9D3FEBB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF4FFDB2BBC2269FF76F974" blockId="1.[151,1203,1622,1706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF4FFDB2B802269FC90F955" ID-CoL="8N7T4" authority="Paulian, 1951" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1951" box="[171,453,1653,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Tsaranemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF4FFDB2B802269FC64F955" box="[171,305,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Tsaranemura</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF4FFDB2A13226AFC90F955" author="Paulian" box="[312,453,1653,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refString="Paulian, R. (1951) Faune des eaux douces de Madagascar. Plecopteres et Megalopteres. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 6, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1951">Paulian, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<typeStatus id="591E04E3FFF4FFDB2AFB2269FCA9F955" box="[464,508,1654,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF4FFDB29722269FE3AF955" ID-CoL="6QRN4" authority="Paulian, 1951" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1951" box="[601,879,1653,1675]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culminalis">
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF4FFDB29722269FF89F955" box="[601,732,1653,1675]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">T. culminalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF4FFDB29CA226AFE3AF955" author="Paulian" box="[737,879,1653,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refString="Paulian, R. (1951) Faune des eaux douces de Madagascar. Plecopteres et Megalopteres. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 6, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1951">Paulian, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF4FFDB2F202269F9E6F955" bold="true" box="[1035,1203,1654,1675]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">New synonymy.</emphasis>
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=
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF4FFDB2B80228BFC66F974" box="[171,307,1684,1706]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Madanemura</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF4FFDB2A11228BFC93F974" author="Paulian" box="[314,454,1684,1706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refString="Paulian, R. (1959) Recherches sur les insectes d'importance biologique a Madagascar. XXXIII. Nouveaux Plecopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (E), 11, 9 - 16." type="journal article" year="1959">Paulian, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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(lapsus).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF4FFDB2BBC22C9FCD3F8E9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1750,2027]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Species can be identified only by examining genitalia, the other distinguishing characters proposed by Paulian vary with degree of maturity, body posture, and condition at or after preservation. There was no decernable individual variation in genitalia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF4FFD82BEC235DFC3DFF26" blockId="1.[151,1436,1750,2027]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF4FFDB2BEC235DFC78F885" bold="true" box="[199,301,1858,1883]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Habitus.</emphasis>
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Resembling slender
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<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF4FFDB2909235DFFE5F885" ID-CoL="8MPGQ" box="[546,688,1858,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemouridae</taxonomicName>
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, except that the long wings are longitudinally folded around the body instead of resting flat above the abdomen. Head with the large eyes much wider than the pronotum, ocelli unmodified. Antennae long and thin, the 5-segmented maxillary palpus is curved back in a semicircle, the 2- segmented labial palpus is unmodified. The legs are slender, the tip of the hind femur extends back to near the abdominal tip. Wings long and narrow, front wing with 2 crossveins between M and Cu1, and
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF4FFDB2FE523CBF9BDF835" box="[1230,1256,2004,2027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">ca</emphasis>
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5 between Cu1 and Cu2. A1 straight, A2+3 with common base. No crossveins in hindwing, 5 straight anal veins (
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<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD82FFD2488F843FF6E" box="[1238,1302,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[182,1435,205,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[159,1444,195,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Madenemura spp. 1, Madenemura sp., wings, after a photograph; 2, M. culminalis, male abdominal tip, lateral; 3 – 9, M. andringitrensis: 3, detached and opened ventral portion of abdominal segment 9, oblique dorsal view; 4, the detached paraproct body with the retractor muscles; 5, female sternite 8 plus 9, in situ; 6, female sternite 9, detached; 7, dorsal view of center of male T 10 with epiproct; 8, caudal part of baseplate and hook of epiproct in side view; 9, the isolated paraproct body, dorsal view. 3 and 4 not to scale, 5, 6 and 7, 8 to the same scale, respectively. bb, basal bar; bp, epiproct baseplate; ce, cercus; gp, gonopore; mu, muscles; pb, paraproct body; rm, retractor muscle; S, T, sternite and tergite, respectively, with number of corresponding segment; sd, sperm duct; sp, sperm pump; vl, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238195/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Abdomen membranous, except small anterolateral sclerites, and the terminal segments. Cercus one-segmented, with wart-like terminal rudiment.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD82BEC251BF9D3FEBB" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Uniformly brownish, also the wings. The base of the antennal flagellum may be lighter than the rest of the antenna. The legs are yellowish with dark pattern which is most expressed on the long hind leg: femur dark at base, on a middle patch, and near the knee. Tibia dark in subgenal area, tip and tarsus infuscate.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CEBFE9CAFFF7FFD92BEC2570F982FD13" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" type="description">
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<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD82BEC2570F934FCE6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82BEC2570FCC5FE56" bold="true" box="[199,400,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Male terminalia.</emphasis>
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Segment 9 sclerotized, pleural fold distinct. A strong basal bar (bb) supports the long and slender parallel ventral lobe (vl) with membranous ventral face. There is a membranous zone between the bar and the rest of sternite 9 (S9; e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD82AD225A8FF15FE0E" box="[505,576,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[182,1435,205,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[159,1444,195,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Madenemura spp. 1, Madenemura sp., wings, after a photograph; 2, M. culminalis, male abdominal tip, lateral; 3 – 9, M. andringitrensis: 3, detached and opened ventral portion of abdominal segment 9, oblique dorsal view; 4, the detached paraproct body with the retractor muscles; 5, female sternite 8 plus 9, in situ; 6, female sternite 9, detached; 7, dorsal view of center of male T 10 with epiproct; 8, caudal part of baseplate and hook of epiproct in side view; 9, the isolated paraproct body, dorsal view. 3 and 4 not to scale, 5, 6 and 7, 8 to the same scale, respectively. bb, basal bar; bp, epiproct baseplate; ce, cercus; gp, gonopore; mu, muscles; pb, paraproct body; rm, retractor muscle; S, T, sternite and tergite, respectively, with number of corresponding segment; sd, sperm duct; sp, sperm pump; vl, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238195/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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). S9 narrows at the rear segment border where it forms a long and narrow subgenital plate which curves up towards the epiproct;
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<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD8282125C3FEE5FE2B" author="Paulian" box="[778,944,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Paulian, R. (1951) Faune des eaux douces de Madagascar. Plecopteres et Megalopteres. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 6, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1951">Paulian (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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termed this a „
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<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82F4B25C3F99DFE2B" box="[1120,1224,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">titillateur</emphasis>
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.“ The root-shaped muscular sperm pump (sp) inside the base of S9 is often visible by transparency (
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<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD82F1D25E0F92EFDC6" box="[1078,1147,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[182,1435,205,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[159,1444,195,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Madenemura spp. 1, Madenemura sp., wings, after a photograph; 2, M. culminalis, male abdominal tip, lateral; 3 – 9, M. andringitrensis: 3, detached and opened ventral portion of abdominal segment 9, oblique dorsal view; 4, the detached paraproct body with the retractor muscles; 5, female sternite 8 plus 9, in situ; 6, female sternite 9, detached; 7, dorsal view of center of male T 10 with epiproct; 8, caudal part of baseplate and hook of epiproct in side view; 9, the isolated paraproct body, dorsal view. 3 and 4 not to scale, 5, 6 and 7, 8 to the same scale, respectively. bb, basal bar; bp, epiproct baseplate; ce, cercus; gp, gonopore; mu, muscles; pb, paraproct body; rm, retractor muscle; S, T, sternite and tergite, respectively, with number of corresponding segment; sd, sperm duct; sp, sperm pump; vl, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238195/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). A fine duct leads to the gonopore (gp) at the tip of the prolonged and narrow subgenital plate. Segment 10 is sclerotized dorsally and on the sides, the sternite is reduced. The antecosta is divided, the plate of tergite 10 (T10) bears caudally a baseplate supporting the epiproct. Anterolaterally the baseplate is connected to the base of the cerci. Caudally from this connection the sides of the baseplate are folded under, widen caudally, eventually meet and form a peduncle for the erect epiproct which curves forward over the edge of the baseplate, to a variable extent. In front of the epiproct is a patch of black granules on the rear part of the baseplate. In profile it is more or less raised. The epiproct itself is an erect triangular plate (
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<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD82AA726E3FCA1FCCA" box="[396,500,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[182,1435,205,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[159,1444,195,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Madenemura spp. 1, Madenemura sp., wings, after a photograph; 2, M. culminalis, male abdominal tip, lateral; 3 – 9, M. andringitrensis: 3, detached and opened ventral portion of abdominal segment 9, oblique dorsal view; 4, the detached paraproct body with the retractor muscles; 5, female sternite 8 plus 9, in situ; 6, female sternite 9, detached; 7, dorsal view of center of male T 10 with epiproct; 8, caudal part of baseplate and hook of epiproct in side view; 9, the isolated paraproct body, dorsal view. 3 and 4 not to scale, 5, 6 and 7, 8 to the same scale, respectively. bb, basal bar; bp, epiproct baseplate; ce, cercus; gp, gonopore; mu, muscles; pb, paraproct body; rm, retractor muscle; S, T, sternite and tergite, respectively, with number of corresponding segment; sd, sperm duct; sp, sperm pump; vl, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238195/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 7, 8</figureCitation>
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) or a wide shallow dish which is convex behind and concave in front (e.g.,
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<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD82E1626E3F8DAFCCB" box="[1341,1423,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1816,1839]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,206,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1441,193,1783]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 17, Madenemura spp., males. 10 – 12, M. descarpentriesi: 10, central part of T 10 with epiproct baseplate and epiproct, cerci diagrammatic; 11, dorsoventral view of slide-mounted paraproct body; 12, apex of baseplate and epiproct hook, lateral view. 13, 14, M. culminalis: 13, central part of T 10 with epiproct baseplate and epiproct, cerci diagrammatic; 14, dorsoventral view of slide-mounted paraproct body; 15, apex of baseplate and epiproct hook, lateral view. 16, 17, Madenemura sp., perhaps sp. 3 of Paulian (1959): 16, abdominal tip, lateral, semidiagrammatic, paraproct body shaded, arrow points at raised antecosta 10, inset below shows caudal edge of T 10 in dorsal view; 17, epiproct, lateral. 12 and 15 – 17 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238196/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). The appearance of dish-like epiprocts changes with slight differences in angle of view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD82BEC275BF9BEFB89" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Each paraproct is divided into a large rounded lateral lobe which forms a pilose bulge medially from the cercus (not shown!) and a sclerotized median lobe which is common among Nemouroidea. The retractor muscles from S9 attach to the median lobes which can thereby be recognized even though they are separate from the outer lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD82BB427B0FDB3FC16" box="[159,230,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[182,1435,205,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[159,1444,195,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Madenemura spp. 1, Madenemura sp., wings, after a photograph; 2, M. culminalis, male abdominal tip, lateral; 3 – 9, M. andringitrensis: 3, detached and opened ventral portion of abdominal segment 9, oblique dorsal view; 4, the detached paraproct body with the retractor muscles; 5, female sternite 8 plus 9, in situ; 6, female sternite 9, detached; 7, dorsal view of center of male T 10 with epiproct; 8, caudal part of baseplate and hook of epiproct in side view; 9, the isolated paraproct body, dorsal view. 3 and 4 not to scale, 5, 6 and 7, 8 to the same scale, respectively. bb, basal bar; bp, epiproct baseplate; ce, cercus; gp, gonopore; mu, muscles; pb, paraproct body; rm, retractor muscle; S, T, sternite and tergite, respectively, with number of corresponding segment; sd, sperm duct; sp, sperm pump; vl, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238195/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD82A3027B0FCE5FC16" box="[283,432,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82A3027B0FCE5FC16" box="[283,432,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Madenemura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the median lobes have shifted far forward and lie in the intersegmental membrane 9/10, above the long subgenital plate but are separate from it. The median paraproct lobes are connected by a horseshoeshaped sclerite to which the retractor muscles from S9 attach (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD8287B27E8FEC0FBCE" box="[848,917,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[182,1435,205,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[159,1444,195,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Madenemura spp. 1, Madenemura sp., wings, after a photograph; 2, M. culminalis, male abdominal tip, lateral; 3 – 9, M. andringitrensis: 3, detached and opened ventral portion of abdominal segment 9, oblique dorsal view; 4, the detached paraproct body with the retractor muscles; 5, female sternite 8 plus 9, in situ; 6, female sternite 9, detached; 7, dorsal view of center of male T 10 with epiproct; 8, caudal part of baseplate and hook of epiproct in side view; 9, the isolated paraproct body, dorsal view. 3 and 4 not to scale, 5, 6 and 7, 8 to the same scale, respectively. bb, basal bar; bp, epiproct baseplate; ce, cercus; gp, gonopore; mu, muscles; pb, paraproct body; rm, retractor muscle; S, T, sternite and tergite, respectively, with number of corresponding segment; sd, sperm duct; sp, sperm pump; vl, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238195/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lobes bear circular sensilla and form the sides of an elongate paraproct body which is often visible in side view (pb, e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD82F322003F9CAFBEA" box="[1049,1183,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[182,1435,205,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[159,1444,195,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Madenemura spp. 1, Madenemura sp., wings, after a photograph; 2, M. culminalis, male abdominal tip, lateral; 3 – 9, M. andringitrensis: 3, detached and opened ventral portion of abdominal segment 9, oblique dorsal view; 4, the detached paraproct body with the retractor muscles; 5, female sternite 8 plus 9, in situ; 6, female sternite 9, detached; 7, dorsal view of center of male T 10 with epiproct; 8, caudal part of baseplate and hook of epiproct in side view; 9, the isolated paraproct body, dorsal view. 3 and 4 not to scale, 5, 6 and 7, 8 to the same scale, respectively. bb, basal bar; bp, epiproct baseplate; ce, cercus; gp, gonopore; mu, muscles; pb, paraproct body; rm, retractor muscle; S, T, sternite and tergite, respectively, with number of corresponding segment; sd, sperm duct; sp, sperm pump; vl, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238195/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 2, 4, 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paulian mentioned it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD82B9F205EFF30FB86" authority="Paulian, 1951" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1951" box="[180,613,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Tsaranemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82B9F205EFC91FB86" box="[180,452,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Tsaranemura culminalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD82AE02020FF30FB86" author="Paulian" box="[459,613,1087,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Paulian, R. (1951) Faune des eaux douces de Madagascar. Plecopteres et Megalopteres. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 6, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1951">Paulian, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but believed it was the long recurved tip of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82F572020F9B1FB86" box="[1148,1252,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">titillateur</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD82BEC207BF84EFB36" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82BEC207BFCF4FBA3" bold="true" box="[199,417,1124,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Female terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD82AC1207BFF03FBA3" box="[490,598,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1828,1851]" captionTargetBox="[182,1435,205,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[159,1444,195,1821]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Madenemura spp. 1, Madenemura sp., wings, after a photograph; 2, M. culminalis, male abdominal tip, lateral; 3 – 9, M. andringitrensis: 3, detached and opened ventral portion of abdominal segment 9, oblique dorsal view; 4, the detached paraproct body with the retractor muscles; 5, female sternite 8 plus 9, in situ; 6, female sternite 9, detached; 7, dorsal view of center of male T 10 with epiproct; 8, caudal part of baseplate and hook of epiproct in side view; 9, the isolated paraproct body, dorsal view. 3 and 4 not to scale, 5, 6 and 7, 8 to the same scale, respectively. bb, basal bar; bp, epiproct baseplate; ce, cercus; gp, gonopore; mu, muscles; pb, paraproct body; rm, retractor muscle; S, T, sternite and tergite, respectively, with number of corresponding segment; sd, sperm duct; sp, sperm pump; vl, ventral lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238195/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tergites, cerci and paraprocts are unmodified. S8 is convex and well sclerotized, caudally it is restricted and forms a subgenital plate. S9 has a similar, slightly narrower and longer caudal extension, a postgenital plate resting on the subgenital plate. The gonopore is located at the front of the deep fold between sub- and postgenital plate which together form an ovipositor of specific length and shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD82BEC20EBFE33FA1E" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82BEC20EBFC45FAD3" bold="true" box="[199,272,1268,1293]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
. The habitus resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD8290C20EBFFE7FAD3" box="[551,690,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Nemouridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemouridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
except that the wing pads do not diverge obliquely sideward but extend backward, parallel to the body axis. Pleural folds separate tergites from sternites except on abdominal segments 9 and 10. The legs are moderately slender, the straight hind leg extends distinctly beyond the tip of the abdomen. First tarsus segment elongate, 2nd minute, dorsally barely visible between the first and the very long 3rd segment. Antennae and cerci long and slender, no special pilosity. No gills. Mouthparts unmodified (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD82FDC219BF8C5FA42" author="Paulian" box="[1271,1424,1412,1437]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Paulian, R. (1949) Recherches sur les insectes d'importance biologique de Madagascar. IV. Decouverte de l'ordre des Plecopteres a Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 3, 359 - 363." type="journal article" year="1949">Paulian 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the wide mentum agrees with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD82ACC21B8FF20FA1E" box="[487,629,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Aphanicerca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82ACC21B8FF20FA1E" box="[487,629,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Aphanicerca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD829AF21B8FE0DFA1E" author="Zwick" box="[644,856,1447,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Zwick, P. (2006) (2006) New family characters of larval Plecoptera, with an analysis of the Chloroperlidae: Paraperlinae. Aquatic Insects, 28 (1), 13 - 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650420500400552" type="journal article" year="2006">Zwick 2006: fig. 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD82BEC21D2FCB0F946" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
In males (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD82A6B21D2FF97FA3B" authority="Paulian, 1959" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1959" box="[320,706,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descarpentriesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82A6B21D2FF42FA3B" box="[320,535,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">M. descarpentriesi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD8290821D3FF97FA3B" author="Paulian" box="[547,706,1484,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Paulian, R. (1959) Recherches sur les insectes d'importance biologique a Madagascar. XXXIII. Nouveaux Plecopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (E), 11, 9 - 16." type="journal article" year="1959">Paulian, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD8282921D2F93FFA3B" authority="Paulian, 1951" authorityName="Paulian" authorityYear="1951" box="[770,1130,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Tsaranemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD8282921D2FEF4FA3B" box="[770,929,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">M. culminalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD8288621D3F93FFA3B" author="Paulian" box="[941,1130,1484,1509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Paulian, R. (1951) Faune des eaux douces de Madagascar. Plecopteres et Megalopteres. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (A), 6, 53 - 61." type="journal article" year="1951">(Paulian, 1951))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the long subgenital plate develops in an inconspicuous bare conical pocket which projects a little beyond the segment border. It originates from the soft area dorsally from the continuous setal fringe along the rear edge of S9. In the single available pharate male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD82BD82226FCD8F98E" box="[243,397,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Tsaranemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82BD82226FCD8F98E" box="[243,397,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">M. culminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dark paraproct body was clearly visible through the cuticle of S9. After the larval cuticle was removed the epiproct was found to be closely appressed to the body (similar to
|
||
<figureCitation id="1E9EA6C4FFF7FFD82F782243F9F0F9AA" box="[1107,1189,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 10 – 17" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1816,1839]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,206,1765]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[156,1441,193,1783]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10 – 17, Madenemura spp., males. 10 – 12, M. descarpentriesi: 10, central part of T 10 with epiproct baseplate and epiproct, cerci diagrammatic; 11, dorsoventral view of slide-mounted paraproct body; 12, apex of baseplate and epiproct hook, lateral view. 13, 14, M. culminalis: 13, central part of T 10 with epiproct baseplate and epiproct, cerci diagrammatic; 14, dorsoventral view of slide-mounted paraproct body; 15, apex of baseplate and epiproct hook, lateral view. 16, 17, Madenemura sp., perhaps sp. 3 of Paulian (1959): 16, abdominal tip, lateral, semidiagrammatic, paraproct body shaded, arrow points at raised antecosta 10, inset below shows caudal edge of T 10 in dorsal view; 17, epiproct, lateral. 12 and 15 – 17 not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238196/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
), the terminal sclerite had already its definite shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD82BEC22BAF980F8DB" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
In females, sternites 7 and 8 have a widely interrupted, S9 a continuous caudal fringe of spreading strong setae. In a mature last instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD8292B22D6FF80F93E" box="[512,725,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descarpentriesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD8292B22D6FF80F93E" box="[512,725,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">M. descarpentriesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgenital and postgenital plate of the developing adult were visible through the semitransparent sternal cuticle. The sternites were not prolonged or modified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD82BEC2310FFB1F8F6" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,740,1807,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Specific distinction of larvae was not attempted.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD82BEC232BFEB0F84A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82BEC232BFC83F893" bold="true" box="[199,470,1844,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD82A1F232BFC98F895" box="[308,461,1844,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Tsaranemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82A1F232BFC98F895" bold="true" box="[308,461,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Tsaranemura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Originally proposed as a separate genus, later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD828CF232BF92CF893" author="Paulian" box="[996,1145,1844,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Paulian, R. (1959) Recherches sur les insectes d'importance biologique a Madagascar. XXXIII. Nouveaux Plecopteres malgaches. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar, (E), 11, 9 - 16." type="journal article" year="1959">Paulian 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) classified as subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD82BBC2348FC79F8AE" box="[151,300,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82BBC2348FC79F8AE" box="[151,300,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Madenemura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with which it is here synonymized. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="591E04E3FFF7FFD828242346FE6AF8AF" box="[783,831,1881,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and only species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD82F312346F9E3F8AE" box="[1050,1206,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Tsaranemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culminalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82F312346F9E3F8AE" box="[1050,1206,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">M. culminalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, agrees in structure completely with the other species and is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD828272362FE8AF84B" box="[780,991,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="descarpentriesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD828272362FE8AF84B" box="[780,991,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">M. descarpentriesi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF7FFD92BEC23BFFDB5FEC3" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,717]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82BEC23BFFC60F867" bold="true" box="[199,309,1952,1977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Affinities</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF7FFD82A6F23BFFC8CF867" box="[324,473,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD82A6F23BFFC8CF867" box="[324,473,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Madenemura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
agrees with no other genus of the family, the spindle-shaped paraproct body of males is unique. The South American fauna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD8297C23DBFFBEF803" author="Aubert" box="[599,747,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Aubert, J. (1960) Contribution a l'etude des Notonemourinae (Plecoptera) de l'Amerique du Sud. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 33 (1 / 2), 47 - 64." type="journal article" year="1960">Aubert 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD829D123DBFE20F803" author="Illies" box="[762,885,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Illies, J. (1961) Sudamerikanische Notonemourinae und die SteIlung der Unterfamilie im System der Plecopteren. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 34 (2), 97 - 126." type="journal article" year="1961">Illies 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF7FFD828AF23DBF913F802" author="Stark" box="[900,1094,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refString="Stark, B. P., Froehlich, C. & Zuniga, M. C. (2009) Aquatic biodiversity in Latin America. v. 5: South American stoneflies (Plecoptera). Pensoft, Sofia, 145 pp." type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Stark
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF7FFD828E323DAF956F803" box="[968,1027,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) includes no distantly similar species. Several New Zealandese (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF6FFD929312488FF9CFF6E" author="McLellan" box="[538,713,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" refString="McLellan, I. D. (1991) Notonemouridae (Insecta: Plecoptera). Fauna of New Zealand, 22, 7 - 62." type="journal article" year="1991">McLellan 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Australian (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF6FFD928A72488F953FF6E" author="Illies" box="[908,1030,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" refString="Illies, J. (1975) Notonemouridae of Australia (Plecoptera, Ins.). Internationale Revue der Gesamten Hydrobiologie, 60 (2), 221 - 249. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19750600206" type="journal article" year="1975">Illies 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) females, especially in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD92E252488FC52FF0B" authority="McLellan" authorityName="McLellan" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Omanuperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD92E252488F8C9FF6E" box="[1294,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Omanuperla</emphasis>
|
||
McLellan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD92A3924A3FCA1FF0B" authority="Illies" authorityName="Illies" box="[274,500,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Austrocercella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD92A3924A3FCE0FF0B" box="[274,437,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Austrocercella</emphasis>
|
||
Illies
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD9290724A3FE77FF0B" authority="Illies" authorityName="Illies" box="[556,802,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Austrocercoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD9290724A3FFB5FF0B" box="[556,736,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Austrocercoides</emphasis>
|
||
Illies
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also have ovipositors formed by co-apted extensions of S8 and S9. Close relations with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD9292224C0FFCBFF26" box="[521,670,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD9292224C0FFCBFF26" box="[521,670,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Madenemura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are improbable in view of other differences, not least the different males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF6FFD92BEC2538FC1BFDC9" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Using the key to the South African genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF6FFD929832537FEE8FE9E" author="Stevens" box="[680,957,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" refString="Stevens, D. M. & Picker, M. D. (1995) The Notonemouridae (Plecoptera) of southern Africa: description of a new genus, Balinskycercella, and a key to genera. African Entomology, 3 (1), 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1995">Stevens and Picker 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) one arrives near
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD92FA82538F868FE9E" box="[1155,1341,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Aphanicercopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD92FA82538F868FE9E" box="[1155,1341,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Aphanicercopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for both sexes. However, the detailed descriptions and figures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF6FFD9283F2553FEE1FEBA" author="Barnard" box="[788,948,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" refString="Barnard, K. H. (1934) South African stone-flies (Perlaria), with descriptions of new species. Annals of the South African Museum, 30 (4), 511 - 548. [1931 / 1934]" type="journal article" year="1934">Barnard 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) show clear differences, e.g., in the male paraprocts. In the ovipositors of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD929122570FFA6FE56" box="[569,755,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Aphanicercopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD929122570FFA6FE56" box="[569,755,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Aphanicercopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD92815256FF949FE56" authority="Illies" authorityName="Illies" box="[830,1052,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Afronemoura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD92815256FFE86FE56" box="[830,979,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Afronemoura</emphasis>
|
||
Illies
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(figures in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF6FFD92F952570F83AFE56" author="Balinsky" box="[1214,1391,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" refString="Balinsky, B. I. (1956) On some stoneflies (Plecoptera) from the eastern parts of South Africa. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 19 (2), 289 - 301." type="journal article" year="1956">Balinsky 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD92BBC258BFC04FE73" box="[151,337,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Aphanicercopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD92BBC258BFC04FE73" box="[151,337,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Aphanicercopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) the long apically divided subgenital plate of S8 accomodates the much shorter postgenital plate of S9. The opposite length relation occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD929B525A8FE66FE0E" box="[670,819,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD929B525A8FE66FE0E" box="[670,819,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Madenemura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The female paraprocts of the two African genera are triangular, caudally much prolonged and closely appressed while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD928DC25C3F9D9FE2B" box="[1015,1164,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD928DC25C3F9D9FE2B" box="[1015,1164,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Madenemura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are short, rounded and widely separate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861ABA41FFF6FFD92BEC263BF982FD13" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Of the South African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD92A97263BFF2DFDE3" box="[444,632,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Notonemouridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, tergite and sternite are separated by a pleura in most abdominal segments only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD92A482658F940FDBE" authority="Stevens & Picker (Picker & Stevens 1997)" authorityName="Stevens & Picker (Picker & Stevens" authorityYear="1997" box="[355,1045,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Balinskycercella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD92A482658FF48FDBE" box="[355,541,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Balinskycercella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E234C7B0FFF6FFD9290D2657F940FDBE" box="[550,1045,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" refString="Picker, M. D. & Stevens, D. M. (1997) The larvae of southern African Notonemouridae (Plecoptera). African Entomology, 5 (2), 283 - 294." type="journal article">Stevens & Picker (Picker & Stevens 1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, larval
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD92FC92658F8C9FDBE" box="[1250,1436,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Balinskycercella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD92FC92658F8C9FDBE" box="[1250,1436,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Balinskycercella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have long setae while those on the tergites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD929992673FE12FD5B" box="[690,839,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD929992673FE12FD5B" box="[690,839,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Madenemura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are short. The sternites up to and including S7 are shining and only sparsely covered with minute thin hairs. However, the last segments differ, there are long stiff spreading setae ventrally and on the paraprocts. The closest relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41A5C1C2FFF6FFD9289A26ABF913FD13" box="[945,1094,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Notonemouridae" genus="Madenemura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4D16653FFF6FFD9289A26ABF913FD13" box="[945,1094,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Madenemura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |