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<mods:title>The woodwasp genus Tremex (Hymenoptera, Siricidae) of Japan</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName authority="Maa, 1949" authorityName="Maa" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,515,1662,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contractus">
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(
<figureCitation box="[159,248,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,186,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@1.[189,1397,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tremex spp., adult.—A, T. apicalis, eleven individuals, mostly males, staying on trunk of Lithocarpus edulis (Fagaceae), Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture, May 11, 2020; B, T. apicalis, female, ovipositing on trunk of Acer buergerianum (Sapindaceae), Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture, May 10, 2021; C, T. apicalis, male, one of the individuals shown in A; D, T. katayamai, holotype, ovipositing on trunk of Carpinus laxiflora (Betulaceae), Utsunomiya, Tochigi prefecture, June 26, 2021; E, T. contractus, ovipositing on trunk of an unidentified tree (probably Quercus serrata (Fagaceae)), Okayama, Okayama prefecture, April 30, 2021. Photographed by A. Shinohara (A–C), T. Kurihara (D) and H. Takeda (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621753/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 1E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[261,288,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1435,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, T. fuscicornis, Schwedt, Germany, F, G, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621757/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">3J</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[300,337,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[151,1435,181,1203]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, male.—A, B, T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; C, D, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; E, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; F, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; G, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; H, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621759/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">4G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[348,416,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,565,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[151,1435,561,1764]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Antenna, female (A–G, I) and male (H, J–N).—A. T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Toyota, Aichi; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. nakanei, Ôginosen, Tottori; F, T. contractus, Okayamashi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H. T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; I, T. katayamai, holotype; J, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; K, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; L, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; M, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; N, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621761/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">5F, M</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[428,461,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hind leg, female.—A, T. longicollis, Tsushima, Nagasaki; B, T. katayamai, holotype; C, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; D, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621763/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">6E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[473,534,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,568,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-186@15.[151,1435,561,1909]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Wing, female.—A, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; B, T. nakanei, Tokyo; C, T. nakanei, Suzuka, Mie; D, T. nakanei, Narukawa-keikoku, Ehime; E, F, T.contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H, T.okinawensis, Ginama, Okinawa; I, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus (left wings, ventral view); J, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621768/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">8E, F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[546,579,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1266,1290]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,276,1239]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[151,1435,271,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Wing, male.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; C, T. fuscicornis, Chitose, Hokkaido; D, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; E, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; F, T. okinawensis, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621770/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">9E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[591,632,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,190,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[173,1414,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, F, T. fuscicornis Inchon, Korea; G, T. fuscicornis, Akigase, Saitama; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621772/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">10J</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[644,690,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[175,1383,189,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1435,181,1542]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. bicinctus, holotype; B, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; C, T. katayamai, holotype; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621776/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[702,785,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1268,1292]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1239]" captionTargetId="figure-15@19.[151,1435,181,1244]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Abdomen, male.—A, F, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; B, G, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; C, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; D, T. fuscicornis, Chitose, Hokkaido; E, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; H, T. okinawensis, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621778/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">12B, G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation box="[797,828,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="28.[151,260,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,523,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-202@28.[170,1417,522,1760]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution of T. apicalis, T. bicinctus and T. contractus in Japan based on the specimens examined (see Appendix for the collection records and the main text for the data of the type material of T. bicinctus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621781/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">13</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation box="[839,961,1698,1724]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStart-2="TABLE 3" captionStart-3="TABLE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,239,980,1004]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,239,469,493]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,239,1276,1300]" captionStartId-3="20.[150,238,639,665]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Variation of structural characters, female, 1." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Variation of structural characters, female, 2." captionText-2="TABLE 3. Variation of structural characters, male." captionText-3="TABLE 4. Number of specimens collected in each 10–11 days of April to November." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/1FB4E1BC120442039FC7FC3BFD4C9581" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/1FB4E1BC120542029FC7FE3AFD4D9781" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/1FB4E1BC120542029FC7FB13FD1F9378" httpUri-3="http://table.plazi.org/id/1FB4E1BC121642119FC6FD90FB8E94F5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" tableUuid-0="1FB4E1BC120442039FC7FC3BFD4C9581" tableUuid-1="1FB4E1BC120542029FC7FE3AFD4D9781" tableUuid-2="1FB4E1BC120542029FC7FB13FD1F9378" tableUuid-3="1FB4E1BC121642119FC6FD90FB8E94F5">Tables 1–4</tableCitation>
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<treatmentCitation author="Maa, T. - C." box="[151,486,1767,1791]" page="161" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1949">
<taxonomicName authority="Maa, 1949: 161" authorityName="Maa" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1949" box="[151,486,1767,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contractus">
<emphasis box="[151,329,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tremex contractus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Maa, T. - C." box="[333,486,1767,1791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="11 - 189" refId="ref25790" refString="Maa, T. - C. (1949) A synopsis of Asiatic Siricoidea with notes on certain exotic and fossil forms. Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 13, 11 - 189." type="journal article" year="1949">Maa, 1949: 161</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation author="Takeuchi, K." box="[494,678,1766,1791]" page="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1955">
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K." box="[494,678,1766,1791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref28852" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1955 a) Siricidae of Japan (Hymenoptera). Akitu, Kyoto, 4, 1 - 9. [in Japanese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1955">Takeuchi, 1955a: 2</bibRefCitation>
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, 7; 
<treatmentCitation author="Takeuchi, K." box="[710,882,1767,1791]" page="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K." box="[710,882,1767,1791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref28919" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1962) Insecta Japonica. Series 2. Part 4. Hymenoptera: Siricidae. Hokuryukan, Tokyo, 2 + 12 pp., 1 pl. [in Japanese with English summary]" type="book" year="1962">Takeuchi, 1962: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 10; 
<treatmentCitation author="Okutani, T." box="[927,1102,1767,1791]" page="18" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation author="Okutani, T." box="[927,1102,1767,1791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="17 - 19" refId="ref27190" refString="Okutani, T. (1971) [Symphyta of Japan II]. Nature and Insects, Tokyo, 6 (12), 17 - 19. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1971">Okutani, 1971: 18</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation author="Smith, D. R." box="[1111,1267,1767,1791]" page="96" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, D. R." box="[1111,1267,1767,1791]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="43 - 128" refId="ref28065" refString="Smith, D. R. (1978) Suborder Symphyta (Xyelidae, Pararchexyelidae, Parapamphiliidae, Xyelydidae, Karatavitidae, Gigasiricidae, Sepulcidae, Pseudosiricidae, Anaxyelidae, Siricidae, Xiphydriidae, Paroryssidae, Xyelotomidae, Blasticotomidae, Pergidae). In: Vecht, J. &amp; Shenefelt, R. D. (Eds.), Hymenopterorum Catalogues Part 14. Dr. W. Junk B. V. Publishers, Hague, pp. 43 - 128." type="book chapter" year="1978">Smith, 1978: 96</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Togashi, I." box="[924,1087,1797,1821]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref29266" refString="Togashi, I. (1997) Two new species of Tremex Jurine (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) from Japan. Species Diversity, 2, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / specdiv. 2.1" type="journal article" year="1997">Togashi, 1997: 1</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis box="[1141,1184,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
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; 
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" box="[1311,1437,1798,1822]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="169" refId="ref24291" refString="Anonymous (2004) Tremex contractus Maa. In: [Endangered Wildlife in Hiroshima Prefecture, Revised Edition, Red Data Book Hiroshima 2003]. Hiroshima Prefectural Government, Hiroshima, pp. 169. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2004">Anonymous,</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Yoshida, H." box="[509,701,1828,1852]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref30082" refString="Yoshida, H. (2006) Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of Osaka Prefecture, Japan. West Japan Hymenopterists' Club, Kakogawa, 24 pls., 128 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2006">Yoshida, 2006: 105</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Nakahama, N. &amp; Tsuji, H. &amp; Morimoto, K. &amp; Matsumoto, R." box="[712,959,1828,1852]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref26647" refString="Nakahama, N., Tsuji, H., Morimoto, K. &amp; Matsumoto, R. (2006) [Collection records and ecological notes on Tremex contractus in Osaka and Hyogo]. Nature Study, Osaka, 53, 5 - 6. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2006">
Nakahama 
<emphasis box="[822,865,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
., 2006: 5
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Matsumoto, R. &amp; Yoshida, H. &amp; Yashiro, M." box="[970,1238,1828,1852]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="27" refId="ref25869" refString="Matsumoto, R., Yoshida, H. &amp; Yashiro, M. (2009) [A Zukan (fully illustrated handbook) of the Hymenoptera not much treated in the previously published Zukans. 1. Tremex spp.]. Hachi-Kariudo, 1, 27. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2009">
Matsumoto 
<emphasis box="[1088,1131,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
., 2009: 27
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Taeger, A. &amp; Blank, S. M. &amp; Liston, A. D." box="[1248,1437,1828,1852]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 1064" refId="ref28562" refString="Taeger, A., Blank, S. M. &amp; Liston, A. D. (2010) World catalog of Symphyta (Hymenoptera). Zootaxa, 2580 (1), 1 - 1064. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2580.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
Taeger 
<emphasis box="[1320,1363,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
., 2010:
</bibRefCitation>
107; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ushirokita, M. &amp; Okuyama, S. &amp; Sakamoto, N. &amp; Nomoto, K. &amp; Kakumasa, M. &amp; Nagashima, S." box="[248,503,1859,1883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref29379" refString="Ushirokita, M., Okuyama, S., Sakamoto, N., Nomoto, K., Kakumasa, M. &amp; Nagashima, S. (2012) Catalogue of the Materials Deposited in the Itami City Museum of Insects, a Collection List of Insect Specimens of the Koyaike Park. Itami City Museum of Insects, Itami, 8 + 36 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2012">
Ushirokita 
<emphasis box="[356,398,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
., 2012: 32
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" box="[511,693,1859,1883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="16" refId="ref24405" refString="Anonymous (2014) 2014.05. 16 Friday. [Ovipositing Tremex longicollis, (Erratum) Tremex contractus]. In: Insects of Tsushima Is. Available from: http: // blog. yohbo. main. jp /? eid = 907212 (accessed 25 February 2022) [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2014">Anonymous, 2014</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, J. - W. &amp; Choi, J. - K. &amp; Park, B." box="[703,893,1859,1883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref25673" refString="Lee, J. - W., Choi, J. - K. &amp; Park, B. (2019) Synoptic list of Symphyta (Hymenoptera) in Korea. Journal of Species Research, 8, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2019">
Lee 
<emphasis box="[745,788,1859,1883]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
., 2019: 14
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Naito, T." box="[902,1056,1859,1883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="18 - 20" refId="ref26445" refString="Naito, T. (2019) Family Siricidae. In: Editorial Committee of Catalogue of the Insects of Japan (Ed.), Catalogue of the Insects of Japan, Volume 9 Hymenoptera. Part 1. Symphyta. Entomological Society of Japan, Kyoto, pp. 18 - 20. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2019">Naito, 2019: 19</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Naito, T." box="[1066,1232,1859,1883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="462 - 468" refId="ref26504" refString="Naito, T. (2020) Family Siricidae. In: Naito, T., Shinohara, A., Hara, H. &amp; Ito, F., Sawflies and Woodwasps of Japan. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, pp. 179 - 182 + 462 - 468. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2020">Naito, 2020: 467</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,1766,1975]" box="[151,828,1889,1913]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName authority=": Miyatake, 1950: 38" authorityName=": Miyatake" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,552,1889,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicollis">
<emphasis box="[151,338,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tremex longicollis</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Miyatake, M." box="[351,552,1889,1913]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="38 - 39" refId="ref26137" refString="Miyatake, M. (1950) A contribution to the Siricoidea of Shikoku (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, Matsuyama, 1, 38 - 39." type="journal article" year="1950">Miyatake, 1950: 38</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Not 
<bibRefCitation author="Konow, F. W." box="[606,745,1889,1913]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="41 - 59" refId="ref25417" refString="Konow, F. W. (1896) Verschiedenes aus der Hymenopteren-Gruppe der Tenthrediniden. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 15, 41 - 59." type="journal article" year="1896">Konow, 1896</bibRefCitation>
, in part.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1437,1766,1975]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName authority=": Miyatake, 1950: 38" authorityName=": Miyatake" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,556,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscicornis">
<emphasis box="[151,342,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tremex fuscicornis</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation author="Miyatake, M." box="[356,556,1920,1944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="38 - 39" refId="ref26137" refString="Miyatake, M. (1950) A contribution to the Siricoidea of Shikoku (Hymenoptera). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, Matsuyama, 1, 38 - 39." type="journal article" year="1950">Miyatake, 1950: 38</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Not 
<bibRefCitation author="Fabricius, J. C." box="[610,770,1920,1944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref24662" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1787) Mantissa Insectorum sistens eorum species nuper detectas adiectis characteribus genericis differentiis specificis emendationibus observationibus. Vol. 1. C. G. Proft, Hafniae, 348 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11657" type="book" year="1787">Fabricius, 1787</bibRefCitation>
, in part. See 
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, J. - W. &amp; Choi, J. - K. &amp; Park, B." box="[194,363,1951,1975]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 96" refId="ref25673" refString="Lee, J. - W., Choi, J. - K. &amp; Park, B. (2019) Synoptic list of Symphyta (Hymenoptera) in Korea. Journal of Species Research, 8, 1 - 96." type="journal article" year="2019">
Lee 
<emphasis box="[238,283,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
for more references.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="26.[151,1436,2015,2042]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,150,1509]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,418,2015,2042]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diagnostic characters.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[427,511,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[527,613,2015,2042]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1828,1852]" captionTargetBox="[193,1393,186,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@1.[189,1397,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tremex spp., adult.—A, T. apicalis, eleven individuals, mostly males, staying on trunk of Lithocarpus edulis (Fagaceae), Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture, May 11, 2020; B, T. apicalis, female, ovipositing on trunk of Acer buergerianum (Sapindaceae), Tsukuba, Ibaraki prefecture, May 10, 2021; C, T. apicalis, male, one of the individuals shown in A; D, T. katayamai, holotype, ovipositing on trunk of Carpinus laxiflora (Betulaceae), Utsunomiya, Tochigi prefecture, June 26, 2021; E, T. contractus, ovipositing on trunk of an unidentified tree (probably Quercus serrata (Fagaceae)), Okayama, Okayama prefecture, April 30, 2021. Photographed by A. Shinohara (A–C), T. Kurihara (D) and H. Takeda (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621753/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
). Length without ovipositor 
<quantity box="[939,1064,2016,2042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="21.0">21–32 mm</quantity>
. Head pale brown, with blackish area across ocellar area. Antenna wholly pale brown (
<figureCitation box="[777,866,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,565,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[151,1435,561,1764]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Antenna, female (A–G, I) and male (H, J–N).—A. T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Toyota, Aichi; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. nakanei, Ôginosen, Tottori; F, T. contractus, Okayamashi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H. T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; I, T. katayamai, holotype; J, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; K, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; L, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; M, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; N, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621761/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
). Thorax black, with dorsal surface of pronotum, parascutal lobe and mesoscutellum pale brown; pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[826,906,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1435,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, T. fuscicornis, Schwedt, Germany, F, G, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621757/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
) usually without blackish longitudinal median line. Fore and mid legs brown, with part of coxa and often parts of trochanter and femur blackish to black and basal parts of tibia and tarsomere 1 creamy white; hind leg black, with tibia and tarsus dark brown (basal halves of tibia and tarsomere 1 creamy white). Forewing with distinct infuscation around cells R, 1R1, 2R1, basal and anterior parts of 3R1, 2Rs, 3M, 3Cu and area along veins M+Cu and Cu (
<figureCitation box="[886,1004,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,568,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-186@15.[151,1435,561,1909]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Wing, female.—A, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; B, T. nakanei, Tokyo; C, T. nakanei, Suzuka, Mie; D, T. nakanei, Narukawa-keikoku, Ehime; E, F, T.contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H, T.okinawensis, Ginama, Okinawa; I, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus (left wings, ventral view); J, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621768/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
). Abdomen black, with following pale brown: Sometimes small anterior part of tergum 1, most of terga 2 and 3 (except for posterior margin), narrow anterior margins of terga 4–7, anterior 1/4 of tergum 8 (except for anterior lateral corner), posterior half of tergum 9, usually including entire precornal basin, and cornus. Antenna with 15–17 antennomeres. Pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[1284,1363,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1435,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, T. fuscicornis, Schwedt, Germany, F, G, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621757/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
) long, MPL 0.90–0.98 (average 0.93) times as long as OOCL. Hind tibia 0.91–1.03 (average 0.96) times as long as hind tarsomere 1; dorsal margin of hind tibia straight or very shallowly concave (
<figureCitation box="[1001,1088,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hind leg, female.—A, T. longicollis, Tsushima, Nagasaki; B, T. katayamai, holotype; C, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; D, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621763/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
). Forewing 1.17–1.31 (average 1.23) times as long as ovipositor sheath. Abdominal tergum 8 0.97–1.25 (average 1.13) times as long as terga 5–7 combined; precornal basin long, 0.63–0.79 (average 0.71) times as long as wide, widest in median or posterior part (
<figureCitation box="[159,259,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[175,1383,189,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1435,181,1542]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. bicinctus, holotype; B, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; C, T. katayamai, holotype; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621776/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
); ovipositor sheath 2.51–2.70 (average 2.57) times as long as apical sheath.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis box="[199,257,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Male</emphasis>
. Length 
<quantity box="[358,482,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="16.0">16–24 mm</quantity>
. Head, antenna, thorax and legs black except as follows: one to three terminal antennomeres pale brown (
<figureCitation box="[393,487,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,565,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[151,1435,561,1764]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Antenna, female (A–G, I) and male (H, J–N).—A. T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Toyota, Aichi; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. nakanei, Ôginosen, Tottori; F, T. contractus, Okayamashi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H. T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; I, T. katayamai, holotype; J, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; K, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; L, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; M, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; N, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621761/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
); fore leg with most of femur, tibia and tarsus pale brown; mid leg with large parts of femur, tibia and tarsus pale brown; hind leg with extreme base of tibia and tarsomeres 4 and 5 pale brown. Wings brownish infuscated, with distinct cloud around 2R1 (
<figureCitation box="[749,835,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1266,1290]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,276,1239]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[151,1435,271,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Wing, male.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; C, T. fuscicornis, Chitose, Hokkaido; D, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; E, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; F, T. okinawensis, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621770/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
); veins dark brown. Abdomen black with terga (2)3–7 and sterna 2–9 marked with pale brown (sometimes faded and inconspicuous). Antenna with 14–16 (usually 15) antennomeres. Pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[448,537,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[151,1435,181,1203]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, male.—A, B, T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; C, D, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; E, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; F, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; G, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; H, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621759/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
) long, MPL 0.88–1.00 (average 0.96) times as long as OOCL. Hind tibia short, 1.10–1.24 (average 1.16) times as long as hind tarsomere 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,1428,906,935]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1509]" box="[199,1428,906,935]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,433,906,932]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount box="[439,476,908,935]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">9♀</specimenCount>
18³ (
<specimenCount box="[541,577,908,935]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="female">9♀</specimenCount>
17³ from Honshu and 1³ from Shikoku). See Appendix for collection data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,942,968]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[360,442,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="28.[151,260,1784,1810]" captionTargetBox="[171,1413,523,1760]" captionTargetId="figure-202@28.[170,1417,522,1760]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution of T. apicalis, T. bicinctus and T. contractus in Japan based on the specimens examined (see Appendix for the collection records and the main text for the data of the type material of T. bicinctus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621781/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry box="[461,525,943,969]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Honshu, Shikoku, Tsushima Island (
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" box="[940,1143,943,969]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="16" refId="ref24405" refString="Anonymous (2014) 2014.05. 16 Friday. [Ovipositing Tremex longicollis, (Erratum) Tremex contractus]. In: Insects of Tsushima Is. Available from: http: // blog. yohbo. main. jp /? eid = 907212 (accessed 25 February 2022) [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2014">Anonymous 2014</bibRefCitation>
)), 
<collectingCountry box="[1172,1240,943,969]" name="South Korea" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lee, J. - W. &amp; Ryu, S. - M. &amp; Chung, D. - K." box="[1254,1424,943,969]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="297 - 302" refId="ref25717" refString="Lee, J. - W., Ryu, S. - M. &amp; Chung, D. - K. (1998) Taxonomy of the genus Tremex Jurine (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) from Korea, with descriptions of one new species and one unrecorded species. Korean Journal of Biological Sciences, 2, 297 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 12265071.1998.9647422" type="journal article" year="1998">
Lee 
<emphasis box="[1303,1351,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 1998
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry box="[151,218,979,1005]" name="China" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion box="[232,334,979,1005]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Xiao, G. &amp; Huang, X. &amp; Zhou, S. &amp; Wu, J. &amp; Zhang, P." box="[349,534,979,1005]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref29568" refString="Xiao, G., Huang, X., Zhou, S., Wu, J. &amp; Zhang, P. (1992) Economic Sawfly Fauna of China. Tianze Eldonejo, Beijing, 4 + 8 + 221 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1992">
Xiao 
<emphasis box="[412,461,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 1992
</bibRefCitation>
)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,1009,1015,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1509]" box="[199,1009,1015,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,324,1015,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Host plant</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[338,447,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName authority="Murray" authorityName="Murray" box="[457,730,1015,1041]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serrata">
<emphasis box="[457,639,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Quercus serrata</emphasis>
Murray
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Nakahama, N. &amp; Tsuji, H. &amp; Morimoto, K. &amp; Matsumoto, R." box="[744,997,1015,1041]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref26647" refString="Nakahama, N., Tsuji, H., Morimoto, K. &amp; Matsumoto, R. (2006) [Collection records and ecological notes on Tremex contractus in Osaka and Hyogo]. Nature Study, Osaka, 53, 5 - 6. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2006">
Nakahama 
<emphasis box="[873,922,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,1051,1077]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks</emphasis>
. This species occurs in western part of Honshu, Shikoku and Tsushima Island in 
<collectingCountry box="[1248,1312,1051,1077]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
with adult emergence in spring (
<tableCitation box="[401,492,1087,1113]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="20.[150,238,639,665]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 4. Number of specimens collected in each 10–11 days of April to November." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1FB4E1BC121642119FC6FD90FB8E94F5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" tableUuid="1FB4E1BC121642119FC6FD90FB8E94F5">Table 4</tableCitation>
). The female of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maa" authorityYear="1949" box="[687,836,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contractus">
<emphasis box="[687,836,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. contractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by the entirely pale brown antenna (
<figureCitation box="[159,245,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,565,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[151,1435,561,1764]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Antenna, female (A–G, I) and male (H, J–N).—A. T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Toyota, Aichi; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. nakanei, Ôginosen, Tottori; F, T. contractus, Okayamashi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H. T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; I, T. katayamai, holotype; J, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; K, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; L, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; M, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; N, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621761/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
), the long pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[491,571,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,190,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-20@10.[151,1435,181,1846]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, T. fuscicornis, Schwedt, Germany, F, G, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621757/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
), the hind tibia about as long as the hind tarsomere 1 and with the basal half creamy white and the apical half dark brown (
<figureCitation box="[659,745,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,184,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[151,1435,181,1037]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Hind leg, female.—A, T. longicollis, Tsushima, Nagasaki; B, T. katayamai, holotype; C, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; D, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621763/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
), the anterior margin of the forewing rather broadly infuscated with dark brown (
<figureCitation box="[357,476,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1932,1956]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,568,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-186@15.[151,1435,561,1909]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Wing, female.—A, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; B, T. nakanei, Tokyo; C, T. nakanei, Suzuka, Mie; D, T. nakanei, Narukawa-keikoku, Ehime; E, F, T.contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H, T.okinawensis, Ginama, Okinawa; I, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus (left wings, ventral view); J, T. okinawensis, Aha, Okinawa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621768/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 8E, F</figureCitation>
), the black abdominal tergum 8 (except for the anterior 1/4) and the short precornal basin (
<figureCitation box="[228,329,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,190,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-15@17.[173,1414,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; D, T. katayamai, holotype; E, F, T. fuscicornis Inchon, Korea; G, T. fuscicornis, Akigase, Saitama; H, T. nakanei, Ai, Shimane; I, T. nakanei, holotype of T. kaedei; J, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; K, T. okinawensis, holotype; L, T. okinawensis, holotype of T. kurokivorus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621772/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 10J</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation box="[343,390,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[175,1383,189,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-20@18.[151,1435,181,1542]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Posterior part of abdomen, female.—A, T. bicinctus, holotype; B, T. longicollis, Okazaki, Aichi; C, T. katayamai, holotype; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; F, T. okinawensis, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621776" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621776/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">11E</figureCitation>
). The male is characterized by the entirely black head (
<figureCitation box="[1036,1128,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[151,1435,181,1203]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, male.—A, B, T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; C, D, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; E, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; F, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; G, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; H, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621759/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
), the black antenna (a few terminal flagellomeres pale brown) with14–16 (usually 15) antennomeres (
<figureCitation box="[994,1089,1266,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,565,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-186@12.[151,1435,561,1764]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Antenna, female (A–G, I) and male (H, J–N).—A. T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; B, T. bicinctus, holotype; C, T. longicollis, Toyota, Aichi; D, T. fuscicornis, Inchon, Korea; E, T. nakanei, Ôginosen, Tottori; F, T. contractus, Okayamashi, Okayama; G, T. okinawensis, holotype; H. T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; I, T. katayamai, holotype; J, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; K, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; L, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; M, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; N, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621761/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
), the long pronotum (
<figureCitation box="[1333,1423,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1227,1251]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1197]" captionTargetId="figure-15@11.[151,1435,181,1203]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Head, thorax and base of abdomen, male.—A, B, T. apicalis, Minamichitose, Hokkaido; C, D, T. fuscicornis, Shikotsu-ko, Hokkaido; E, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; F, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; G, T. contractus, Okayama-shi, Okayama; H, T. okinawensis, Amami-oshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621759/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
), the brownish infuscated wings with a distinct cloud around 2R1 (
<figureCitation box="[881,968,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1266,1290]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,276,1239]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[151,1435,271,1243]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 9. Wing, male.—A, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; B, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; C, T. fuscicornis, Chitose, Hokkaido; D, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; E, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; F, T. okinawensis, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621770/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
), and the abdomen black with pale brown marks (tergum 8 entirely black) (
<figureCitation box="[521,632,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1268,1292]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1239]" captionTargetId="figure-15@19.[151,1435,181,1244]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Abdomen, male.—A, F, T. nakanei, Noda, Chiba; B, G, T. contractus, Tatsuno, Hyogo; C, T. apicalis, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; D, T. fuscicornis, Chitose, Hokkaido; E, T. longicollis, Muroto, Kochi; H, T. okinawensis, Amami-ôshima, Kagoshima." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7621778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7621778/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 12 G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1509]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
In 
<collectingCountry box="[234,301,1375,1401]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
, this species has been recorded from 
<collectingRegion box="[746,816,1375,1401]" country="Japan" name="Osaka" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Osaka</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Yoshida, H." box="[835,998,1375,1401]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref30082" refString="Yoshida, H. (2006) Symphyta (Hymenoptera) of Osaka Prefecture, Japan. West Japan Hymenopterists' Club, Kakogawa, 24 pls., 128 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2006">Yoshida 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Nakahama, N. &amp; Tsuji, H. &amp; Morimoto, K. &amp; Matsumoto, R." box="[1013,1276,1375,1401]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref26647" refString="Nakahama, N., Tsuji, H., Morimoto, K. &amp; Matsumoto, R. (2006) [Collection records and ecological notes on Tremex contractus in Osaka and Hyogo]. Nature Study, Osaka, 53, 5 - 6. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2006">
Nakahama 
<emphasis box="[1144,1198,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Naito, T." box="[1291,1424,1375,1401]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="462 - 468" refId="ref26504" refString="Naito, T. (2020) Family Siricidae. In: Naito, T., Shinohara, A., Hara, H. &amp; Ito, F., Sawflies and Woodwasps of Japan. Hokkaido University Press, Sapporo, pp. 179 - 182 + 462 - 468. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2020">Naito 2020</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingRegion box="[151,227,1411,1437]" country="Japan" name="Hyogo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hyogo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Nakahama, N. &amp; Tsuji, H. &amp; Morimoto, K. &amp; Matsumoto, R." box="[241,492,1411,1437]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref26647" refString="Nakahama, N., Tsuji, H., Morimoto, K. &amp; Matsumoto, R. (2006) [Collection records and ecological notes on Tremex contractus in Osaka and Hyogo]. Nature Study, Osaka, 53, 5 - 6. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2006">
Nakahama 
<emphasis box="[370,418,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ushirokita, M. &amp; Okuyama, S. &amp; Sakamoto, N. &amp; Nomoto, K. &amp; Kakumasa, M. &amp; Nagashima, S." box="[502,749,1411,1437]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refId="ref29379" refString="Ushirokita, M., Okuyama, S., Sakamoto, N., Nomoto, K., Kakumasa, M. &amp; Nagashima, S. (2012) Catalogue of the Materials Deposited in the Itami City Museum of Insects, a Collection List of Insect Specimens of the Koyaike Park. Itami City Museum of Insects, Itami, 8 + 36 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2012">
Ushirokita 
<emphasis box="[627,676,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingRegion box="[768,875,1411,1437]" country="Japan" name="Okayama" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Okayama</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Watanabe, A." box="[889,1067,1411,1437]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="31 - 32" refId="ref29538" refString="Watanabe, A. (1986) [Woodwasps newly recorded from Okayama Prefecture]. Suzumushi, Kurashiki, 121, 31 - 32. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1986">Watanabe 1986</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingRegion box="[1086,1204,1411,1437]" country="Japan" name="Hiroshima" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Hiroshima</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" box="[1219,1424,1411,1437]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="169" refId="ref24291" refString="Anonymous (2004) Tremex contractus Maa. In: [Endangered Wildlife in Hiroshima Prefecture, Revised Edition, Red Data Book Hiroshima 2003]. Hiroshima Prefectural Government, Hiroshima, pp. 169. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2004">Anonymous 2004</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingRegion box="[151,224,1447,1473]" country="Japan" name="Ehime" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Ehime</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K." box="[243,428,1446,1473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref28852" refString="Takeuchi, K. (1955 a) Siricidae of Japan (Hymenoptera). Akitu, Kyoto, 4, 1 - 9. [in Japanese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="1955">Takeuchi 1955a</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<collectingRegion box="[498,602,1447,1473]" country="Japan" name="Nagasaki" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nagasaki</collectingRegion>
(Tsushima Island, 
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous" box="[825,1031,1447,1473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="16" refId="ref24405" refString="Anonymous (2014) 2014.05. 16 Friday. [Ovipositing Tremex longicollis, (Erratum) Tremex contractus]. In: Insects of Tsushima Is. Available from: http: // blog. yohbo. main. jp /? eid = 907212 (accessed 25 February 2022) [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2014">Anonymous 2014</bibRefCitation>
) prefectures. Here 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Maa" authorityYear="1949" box="[1257,1406,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" genus="Tremex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contractus">
<emphasis box="[1257,1406,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">T. contractus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is newly recorded from 
<collectingRegion box="[393,463,1483,1509]" country="Japan" name="Kyoto" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Kyoto</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion box="[517,571,1483,1509]" country="Japan" name="Nara" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Nara</collectingRegion>
prefectures (see Appendix for collection data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>