146 lines
13 KiB
XML
146 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="68C1557EF58E5D1673CFF5F7EB777633" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Cnestus Sampson 1911" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>983</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>442</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:68C1557EF58E5D1673CFF5F7EB777633" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/68C1557EF58E5D1673CFF5F7EB777633" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Sampson, 1911" authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cnestus Sampson, 1911</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cnestus</taxonomicName>
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Sampson, 1911: 383.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Murayama" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tosaxyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tosaxyleborus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tosaxyleborus</taxonomicName>
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Murayama, 1950: 49. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Sarawak Museum Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="343 - 373" refId="B66" refString="Browne, FG, 1955. Synonymy and descriptions of some Oriental Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Sarawak Museum Journal 6: 343 - 373" title="Synonymy and descriptions of some Oriental Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera)." volume="6" year="1955">Browne 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 368.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus magnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Sampson, 1911; monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species are typically moderate to large in size, 1.8-5.5 mm, and stout, 1.54-2.75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a morphologically variable genus but is distinguished by the eye feebly emarginate; lateral margin of the pronotum carinate from base to at least the midpoint; submentum depressed; procoxae narrowly separated; antennal club truncate, types 1 or 2 with segment 1 completely or almost covering the posterior face; antennal funicle 3- or 4-segmented; scutellum flat, flush with elytral surface. Most species have a mesonotal mycangium on the pronotal base.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar genera">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar genera.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrari" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hadrodemius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadrodemius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hadrodemius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Sampson" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cnestus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnestus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cnestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ferrari" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Hadrodemius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hadrodemius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hadrodemius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all of which possess a mesonotal mycangium and the associated dense tuft of hair-like setae at the scutellar area and pronotal base (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13219" author="Gohli, J" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1258 - 1272" refId="B172" refString="Gohli, J, Kirkendall, LR, Smith, SM, Cognato, AI, Hulcr, J, Jordal, BH, 2017. Biological factors contributing to bark and ambrosia beetle species diversification. Evolution 71: 1258 - 1272, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13219" title="Biological factors contributing to bark and ambrosia beetle species diversification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13219" volume="71" year="2017">Gohli et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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; Johnson et al. 2018).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Distributed throughout Asia, Oceania and South America (
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<bibRefCitation author="Petrov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="269 - 274" refId="B313" refString="Petrov, AV, Mandelshtam, MYu, 2018. Description of a new species of Cnestus Sampson, 1911, and notes on other species from South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Koleopterologische Rundschau 88: 269 - 274" title="Description of a new species of Cnestus Sampson, 1911, and notes on other species from South America (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." volume="88" year="2018">Petrov and Mandelshtam 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). One species is established in the United States (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/760" author="Schiefer, TL" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="431 - 438" refId="B429" refString="Schiefer, TL, Bright, DE, 2004. Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford), an exotic ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) new to North America. The Coleopterists Bulletin 58: 431 - 438, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/760" title="Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford), an exotic ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) new to North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/760" volume="58" year="2004">Schiefer and Bright 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gallery system">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gallery system.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species, as far as is known, are twig and shoot-borers, and the gallery system is typical of such species with a short radial or circumferential gallery running to the middle of the stem, and longitudinal branches up and down the stem in which the brood develops.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |