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<mods:title id="D907ABA9B80382B9A8D279C10B656E26">Austronea oblongifolia (Hyacinthaceae subfam. Urgineoideae), a new species from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="9CA7009A85808613ECAE6ACE6FB12E46">Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, E- 03080 Alicante, Spain Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa &amp; mmartinez @ ua. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2605 - 9575</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8CFCAD04CD09A3A1860B4797F986974D">Crespo, Manuel B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0F1363366274637933A6E7ACC44CE39E">Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, E- 03080 Alicante, Spain Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa &amp; crespo @ ua. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3294 - 5637</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="229F0CF882F6689832FA7546781F13E8">Vargas, María Ángeles Alonso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3061A2A2037EB435149A8E2BA3838D41">Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, E- 03080 Alicante, Spain Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa &amp; ma. alonso @ ua. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3768 - 9203</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFCFF5C299FFC02FE46E500" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." box="[136,472,1012,1039]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C299FFC02FE0DE501" bold="true" box="[136,403,1012,1039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Austronea oblongifolia</emphasis>
Mart.
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-Azorín, A.P.Dold, M.B.Crespo &amp; M.A.Alonso,
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(
<figureCitation id="078EDE9EFFFCFF5C2D4AFC02FB21E500" box="[1117,1215,1012,1038]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1910,1932]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,278,1883]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1429,196,1091]" captionTargetId-0="figure-57@2.[151,1436,278,1883]" captionTargetId-1="figure-30@3.[151,1436,190,1096]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Austronea oblongifolia from the type locality (Normandale Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa). a. Plant in flower; b. Inflorescence; c. Flowers in frontal and dorsal views; d. Dissected flower showing gynoecium, stamens and tepals; e. Leaves; f. Infructescence; g. Dehisced capsule; h. Seeds. Scale bars: a, e: 1 cm; b, f, g: 5 mm; c, d: 3 mm; h: 2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Austronea oblongifolia from the type locality (Normandale Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa). a. Habitat at Normandale Farm; b. Leaf in habitat; c. Curved young inflorescence in cultivation; d. Detail of adaxial leaf surface and margin." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672946" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672948" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7672946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7672948/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Figs 12</figureCitation>
)
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<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C299FFBB6FF3DE55B" box="[136,163,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Ab</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFCFF5C29B0FBB6FEF0E558" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[167,366,1088,1110]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">Austronea marginata</taxonomicName>
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characteribus foliorum affinis, sed hac valde diversa nempe folio solitario, synantho,
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lato (non 1 vel raro 2 foliis, hysteranthis, latioribus, ad
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), leviter striato, indistincte marginato, cum aequalibus minutisque papillis subtus et ad margines munito (non folio laevi, marginibus manifeste incrassatis, cartilagineis, dense et minute retrorso-scabridulis); pedunculo inflorescentiae brevissimo,
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longitudine (haud multo longiore ad
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); et pedicellis floralium brevioribus,
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longitudine (non ad
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). Planta vegetationis karroideae in solo arenoso-glareoso rubescente provinciae
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFCFF5C2DE6FB26FA35E5EB" box="[1265,1451,1232,1253]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Capensis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">Capensis orientalis</taxonomicName>
inventa.
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:—
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.
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:
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(3226):
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,
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,
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south of
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on
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to
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(
<collectionCode id="F9A45ADEFFFCFF5C284AFACAFE1EE45F" box="[349,384,1340,1361]" country="Australia" name="CSIRO Canberra Rhizobium Collection" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">CC</collectionCode>
),
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elevation, flat karroid plains with exposed bare rock sheets between fine reddish sandy soil covered with rocks and stones,
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(in flower and with immature fruits),
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<collectionCode id="F9A45ADEFFFCFF5C2A61FA96FC18E47B" box="[886,902,1376,1397]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="F9A45ADEFFFCFF5C2A9FFA96FC09E47B" box="[904,919,1376,1397]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
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<collectorName id="3240A7CDFFFCFF5C2A8DFA96FC52E47B" box="[922,972,1376,1397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Dold</collectorName>
TD16062
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="400E7CB9FFFCFF5C2D2EFA96FB11E478" box="[1081,1167,1376,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="F9A45ADEFFFCFF5C2D82FA96FB4EE47B" box="[1173,1232,1376,1397]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14985" name="Albany Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" type="Herbarium">GRA</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFFCFF5F299FFA52FEAAE00E" blockId="1.[136,1452,1444,2083]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,257]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">
Herbaceous deciduous geophyte.
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C2B14FA52FDA6E4B0" box="[515,568,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Bulb</emphasis>
hypogeal, ovoid, 1525 ×
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2A7EFA52FC7BE4B1" box="[873,997,1444,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="15.0">1522 mm</quantity>
, solitary, with compact scales and white membranous outer tunics.
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C28AFFA3FFE66E4EC" box="[440,504,1481,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Roots</emphasis>
fleshy, white, branched, 1050 ×
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2A96FA3EFC66E4ED" box="[897,1016,1480,1507]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.51 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C2D13FA3EFBA8E4EC" box="[1028,1078,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Leaf</emphasis>
solitary, usually synanthous and soon withering after flowering in fruit in both wild and cultivated plants, aerial portion 2045 ×
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2DA0FA1AFA8BE709" box="[1207,1301,1516,1543]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">57 mm</quantity>
, appressed to ground, oblong, apiculate, leathery-succulent, flattened and slightly striate, dull dark green, margin undifferentiated,with minute, uniform papillae along margins and adaxial side, with white hypogeal leaf portion
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2D92F9C2FB6FE741" box="[1157,1265,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">815 mm</quantity>
long connecting to bulb scales.
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C283CF9AEFE5FE77C" box="[299,449,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Inflorescence</emphasis>
curved and appressed to ground in bud, raceme
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2AC2F9AEFBAFE77D" box="[981,1073,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">13 mm</quantity>
long, capitate or subglobose, with 811 flowers; peduncle at anthesis
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2B0FF98AFD1AE799" box="[536,644,1660,1687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">815 mm</quantity>
long, reddish purple, erect or flexuose, glabrous, smooth; pedicels
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2C96F98AFF2AE7B5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">45 mm</quantity>
long at anthesis and in fruit, suberect to spreading, reddish purple, smooth; bracts ovate-lanceolate,
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2C33F956FA32E7B5" box="[1316,1452,1696,1723]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.8">0.81.2 mm</quantity>
long, clasping pedicels, spurred, lowermost with broad, flat, papery spur
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2ADCF932FBCDE7D1" box="[971,1107,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.3">0.30.8 mm</quantity>
long, reddish purple.
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C2C47F932FA32E7D0" box="[1360,1452,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Flowers</emphasis>
pentacyclic, trimerous, stellate, opening in morning and withering in evening, 13 flowers open at a time, flower buds reddish; tepals 6, entire, reddish (burnt orange), with darker longitudinal central band on abaxial side, slightly glandulose at apex, biseriate, outer overlapping inner at base, free and connivent to
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFCFF5C2D42F8C6FB79E644" box="[1109,1255,1840,1866]" form="distinct" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" rank="form">form distinct</taxonomicName>
cup along lower third and patent above; tepals ovate-oblong, 4.04.5 ×
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2BE5F8A2FCE3E661" box="[754,893,1876,1903]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.61.8 mm</quantity>
; outers with margins distally revolute at anthesis.
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C299FF88EFF7BE69C" box="[136,229,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Stamens</emphasis>
6, suberect, adnate to perigone for ca.
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2BB4F88EFD63E69D" box="[675,765,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
; filaments white, fleshy, lanceolate with attenuate apex, flat, 1.82.1 ×
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C29EDF86AFE1DE6B9" box="[250,387,1948,1975]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.5">0.50.7 mm</quantity>
, smooth; anthers yellow, oblong, ca.
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2A35F86AFCE6E6B9" box="[802,888,1948,1975]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long before dehiscence, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, with yellow pollen.
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C28BFF836FE70E6D4" box="[424,494,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Ovary</emphasis>
green, ovoid-oblong, truncate to style, ca. 2 ×
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2D12F836FBC1E6D5" box="[1029,1119,1984,2011]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
; style white, columnar, erect, ca.
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C29A7F812FE99E6F1" box="[176,263,2020,2047]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
long, trigonous in transverse section; stigma small, trigonous, glandulose and slightly papillate.
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFCFF5C2C47F812FA32E6F0" box="[1360,1452,2020,2046]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="49">Capsule</emphasis>
ovoid-globose, loculicidal, 68 ×
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFCFF5C2B1EF7FEFDF4E92D" box="[521,618,2056,2083]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">57 mm</quantity>
, valves splitting to base, with withered perigone segments circumscissile below and forming an apical cap.
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F2B13FF68FDDAE1B6" box="[516,580,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Seeds</emphasis>
1522 per capsule, black, glossy, 2.23.0 ×
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFFFFF5F2D22FF68FB20E1B7" box="[1077,1214,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.8">1.82.5 mm</quantity>
, trigonous in outline, tetrahedrally folded and narrowly winged along angles, testa loose and easily detachable from embryo, with colliculate testa cell walls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="CBCA9293FFFFFF5F299FF880FBE8E6DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7672946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7672946/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" startId="2.[136,229,1910,1932]" targetBox="[151,1436,278,1883]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFFFFF5F299FF880FBE8E6DA" blockId="2.[136,1452,1910,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F299FF880FE9AE685" bold="true" box="[136,260,1910,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFFFF5F2818F881FE6CE685" box="[271,498,1910,1932]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F2818F881FE6CE685" box="[271,498,1910,1932]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">Austronea oblongifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the type locality (Normandale Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa).
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F2DFBF881FB60E682" bold="true" box="[1260,1278,1911,1932]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">a.</emphasis>
Plant in flower;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F299FF86DFF02E6BE" bold="true" box="[136,156,1947,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">b.</emphasis>
Inflorescence;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F2821F86DFED9E6BE" bold="true" box="[310,327,1947,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">c.</emphasis>
Flowers in frontal and dorsal views;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F2BD3F86DFD46E6BE" bold="true" box="[708,728,1947,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">d.</emphasis>
Dissected flower showing gynoecium, stamens and tepals;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F2C38F86DFADEE6BE" bold="true" box="[1327,1344,1947,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">e.</emphasis>
Leaves;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F2C8AF86CFA35E6BE" bold="true" box="[1437,1451,1946,1968]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">f.</emphasis>
Infructescence;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F2836F849FEADE6DA" bold="true" box="[289,307,1983,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">g.</emphasis>
Dehisced capsule;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFFFF5F28FAF849FD9EE6DA" bold="true" box="[493,512,1983,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="50">h.</emphasis>
Seeds. Scale bars: a, e: 1 cm; b, f, g: 5 mm; c, d: 3 mm; h: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="CBCA9293FFFEFF5E299FFB96FB46E594" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7672948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7672948/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" startId="3.[136,229,1120,1142]" targetBox="[158,1429,196,1091]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFFEFF5E299FFB96FB46E594" blockId="3.[136,1452,1120,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E299FFB96FF61E57B" bold="true" box="[136,255,1120,1142]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2810FB96FE78E57B" box="[263,486,1120,1141]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2810FB96FE78E57B" box="[263,486,1120,1141]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Austronea oblongifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the type locality (Normandale Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa).
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2DA4FB96FB5BE57B" bold="true" box="[1203,1221,1120,1141]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">a.</emphasis>
Habitat at Normandale Farm;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E29D0FB72FF45E597" bold="true" box="[199,219,1156,1177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">b.</emphasis>
Leaf in habitat;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E286EFB72FE14E597" bold="true" box="[377,394,1156,1177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">c.</emphasis>
Curved young inflorescence in cultivation;
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2A26FB72FCDAE597" bold="true" box="[817,836,1156,1177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">d.</emphasis>
Detail of adaxial leaf surface and margin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D7AF9190FFFEFF5E29AAFB3FFF78E440" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFFEFF5E29AAFB3FFC15E5EC" blockId="3.[136,1452,1224,2078]" box="[189,907,1224,1251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E29AAFB3FFED0E5ED" bold="true" box="[189,334,1225,1251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Ethymology</emphasis>
:—Named after the oblong morphology of the leaf.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFFEFF5E29AAFB1BFF78E440" blockId="3.[136,1452,1224,2078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E29AAFB1BFEDDE409" bold="true" box="[189,323,1261,1287]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Phenology:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2848FB1BFDFBE408" box="[351,613,1260,1287]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2848FB1BFDFBE408" box="[351,613,1260,1287]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Austronea oblongifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flowers from September to October in the wild; mature fruits produced from November to December. Flowers short-lived, opening about midday and withering by dusk, 13 flowers open in one day.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7AF9190FFFEFF5E29AAFAAEFF5AE79C" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFFEFF5E29AAFAAEFF5AE79C" blockId="3.[136,1452,1224,2078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E29AAFAAEFEBDE47C" bold="true" box="[189,291,1368,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Habitat:</emphasis>
—This species is solitary, scattered in open exposed sandy areas around bare rock sheets near hill tops, between or beneath low karroid woody shrubs including
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2A1DFA8AFB7DE499" authority="Linnaeus (1753: 841)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="841" authorityYear="1753" box="[778,1251,1404,1431]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysocoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2A1DFA8AFC79E498" box="[778,999,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Chrysocoma ciliata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2AF8FA8AFB7DE499" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1007,1251,1404,1431]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refId="ref3511" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 37656" type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus (1753: 841)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2DF8FA8AFE60E4B5" authority="Nees von Esenbeck (1832: 210)" authorityName="Nees von Esenbeck" authorityPageNumber="210" authorityYear="1832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Felicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muricata">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2DF8FA8AFA35E498" box="[1263,1451,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Felicia muricata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E299FFA57FE60E4B5" author="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D." box="[136,510,1440,1467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refId="ref4282" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D. (1832) Genera et Species Asterearum. I. D. Gruson, Vratislaviae, 310 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46989" type="book" year="1832">Nees von Esenbeck (1832: 210)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2B57FA57FC75E4B4" authority="Lessing (1832: 266)" authorityName="Lessing" authorityPageNumber="266" authorityYear="1832" box="[576,1003,1440,1467]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pentzia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="globosa">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2B57FA57FD66E4B4" box="[576,760,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Pentzia globosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2A15FA56FC75E4B4" author="Lessing, Ch. F." box="[770,1003,1440,1467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refId="ref3475" refString="Lessing, Ch. F. (1832) Synopsis generum Compositarum. Duncker et Humblot, Berlin, 473 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51470" type="book" year="1832">Lessing (1832: 266)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Succulents such as
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2DF7FA56FD70E4D0" authority="(Haworth 1826: 327) Dinter &amp; Schwantes" authorityName="Dinter &amp; Schwantes" baseAuthorityName="Haworth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="327" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Chasmatophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="musculinum">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2DF7FA56FE91E4D0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Chasmatophyllum musculinum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2809FA32FE65E4D1" author="Haworth, A. H." box="[286,507,1476,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" pagination="326 - 331" refId="ref3377" refString="Haworth, A. H. (1826) XLVIII. Decas septima novarum Plantarum Succulentarum. The Philosophical Magazine and Journal 68: 326 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786442608674135" type="journal article" year="1826">Haworth 1826: 327</bibRefCitation>
) Dinter &amp; Schwantes
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2A05FA32FB96E4D1" author="Schwantes, G." box="[786,1032,1476,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" pagination="14 - 30" refId="ref4583" refString="Schwantes, G. (1927) Zur Systematik der Mesembryanthemen. Zeitschrift fur Sukkulentenkunde. Berlin 3: 14 - 30." type="journal article" year="1927">Schwantes (1927: 18)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2D02FA32FF20E70D" authority="Thunberg (1778: 329)" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityPageNumber="329" authorityYear="1778" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Crassula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corallina">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2D02FA32FB76E4D0" box="[1045,1256,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Crassula corallina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2DF8FA32FF20E70D" author="Thunberg, C. P." pageId="3" pageNumber="51" pagination="328 - 341" refId="ref4812" refString="Thunberg, C. P. (1778) Crassula Generis XXVIII. Novas Species in Capite bonae Spei detectas &amp; descriptas. Nova Acta Physicomedica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosum 6: 328 - 341. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 132018 # page / 366 / mode / 1 up]" type="journal article" year="1778">Thunberg (1778: 329)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E29D8FA1EFD0DE70D" authority="Brown (1909: 1028)" authorityName="Brown" authorityPageNumber="1028" authorityYear="1909" box="[207,659,1512,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Duvalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E29D8FA1EFE0DE70C" box="[207,403,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Duvalia modesta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E28B6FA1FFD0DE70D" author="Brown, N. R." box="[417,659,1513,1539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" pagination="1024 - 1036" refId="ref3221" refString="Brown, N. R. (1909) Asclepiadaceae: LIII Duvalia. In: Thisselton-Dyer, W. T. (Ed.) Flora Capensis; being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria, &amp; Port Natal vol. 4 (1) part 6. Reeve &amp; Co., London, pp. 1024 - 1036. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 15242 # page / 1038 / mode / 1 up]" type="book chapter" year="1909">Brown (1909: 1028)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2BB2FA1FFB25E70D" authority="Schwantes (1926: 177)" authorityName="Schwantes" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1926" box="[677,1211,1512,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Faucaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2BB2FA1FFC03E70C" box="[677,925,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Faucaria tuberculosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2ABDFA1EFB25E70D" author="Schwantes, G." box="[938,1211,1512,1539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" pagination="177 - 189" refId="ref4562" refString="Schwantes, G. (1926) Zur Systematik der Mesembrianthemen. Zeitschrift fur Sukkulentenkunde 2: 177 - 189." type="journal article" year="1926">Schwantes (1926: 177)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2C15FA1EFE64E729" authority="Schwantes (1926: 188)" authorityName="Schwantes" authorityPageNumber="188" authorityYear="1926" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aizoaceae" genus="Trichodiadema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2C15FA1EFF71E728" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Trichodiadema intonsum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E29E1F9FAFE64E729" author="Schwantes, G." box="[246,506,1548,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" pagination="177 - 189" refId="ref4562" refString="Schwantes, G. (1926) Zur Systematik der Mesembrianthemen. Zeitschrift fur Sukkulentenkunde 2: 177 - 189." type="journal article" year="1926">Schwantes (1926: 188)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
share the habitat. The vegetation
<typeStatus id="400E7CB9FFFEFF5E2A6EF9FBFC37E729" box="[889,937,1549,1575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
is known as Bedford Dry Grassland (
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2C43F9FAFEFFE744" author="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C." pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refId="ref4217" refString="Mucina, L. &amp; Rutherford, M. C. (Eds.) (2006) The vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 807 pp. [https: // www. sanbi. org / wp-content / uploads / 2018 / 05 / Strelitzia- 19. pdf]" type="book" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
) and described as open, dry grassland. Grasses, such as
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2AC1F9C7FE6EE761" authority="(Schrader 1821: 2073) Nees von Esenbeck (1841: 397)" authorityName="Nees von Esenbeck" authorityPageNumber="397" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Schrader" baseAuthorityPageNumber="2073" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curvula">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2AC1F9C7FB37E744" box="[982,1193,1584,1610]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Eragrostis curvula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2DA0F9C6FA3AE745" author="Schrader, H. A." box="[1207,1444,1584,1611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refId="ref4535" refString="Schrader, H. A. (1821) Moldenhawera. Gottingische Gelehrte Anzeigen, vol. 3. Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin, 818 pp." type="book" year="1821">Schrader 1821: 2073</bibRefCitation>
)
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E299FF9A3FE6EE761" author="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D." box="[136,496,1620,1647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refId="ref4325" refString="Nees von Esenbeck, C. G. D. (1841). Florae Africanae australioris illustrationes monographicae. Prausnitz, Glogau, 490 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7585" type="book" year="1841">Nees von Esenbeck (1841: 397)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, are however sparse in this micro-habitat, being more abundant along lower drainage lines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7AF9190FFFEFF5E29AAF96AFEFFE910" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFFEFF5E29AAF96AFC1AE7F1" blockId="3.[136,1452,1224,2078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E29AAF96AFED1E7B8" bold="true" box="[189,335,1692,1718]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Distribution</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2864F96BFDE9E7B8" box="[371,631,1692,1719]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2864F96BFDE9E7B8" box="[371,631,1692,1719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Austronea oblongifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently only known from the
<typeStatus id="400E7CB9FFFEFF5E2D16F96BFBAFE7B9" box="[1025,1073,1693,1719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
locality at the farm Normandale, south of Bedford, in the
<collectingRegion id="5D710CF9FFFEFF5E28A7F937FD27E7D4" box="[432,697,1728,1755]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Eastern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry id="E7A2828BFFFEFF5E2BF1F936FCE3E7D4" box="[742,893,1728,1754]" name="South Africa" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">South Africa</collectingCountry>
. Further studies are needed to ascertain its real occurrence, which is probably overlooked by its cryptic appearance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFFEFF5E29AAF8FFFEFFE910" blockId="3.[136,1452,1224,2078]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">
In their revision of
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2883F8FFFDC3E62C" box="[404,605,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2883F8FFFE7BE62C" authorityName="Jacq. ex Willdenow" authorityYear="1799" box="[404,485,1801,1826]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Drimia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B6F2A372FFFEFF5E28FBF8FFFDC3E62C" box="[492,605,1800,1826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in southern Africa, under the species account of
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2D6AF8FFFEEBE648" authority="Dold &amp; Brink (2004: 631)" authorityName="Dold &amp; Brink" authorityPageNumber="631" authorityYear="2004" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chalumnensis">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2D6AF8FFFAF2E62C" box="[1149,1388,1800,1826]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Drimia chalumnensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2C64F8FEFEEBE648" author="Dold, A. P. &amp; Brink, E." pageId="3" pageNumber="51" pagination="631 - 634" refId="ref3312" refString="Dold, A. P. &amp; Brink, E. (2004) Drimia chalumnensis (Hyacinthaceae - Urgineoideae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 70 (4): 631 - 634. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0254 - 6299 (15) 30202 - 7" type="journal article" year="2004">Dold &amp; Brink (2004: 631)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2895F8DAFD54E649" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[386,714,1836,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refId="ref3603" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2018) Systematics of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in southern Africa. Strelitzia 40. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 173 pp. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 20.500.12143 / 6202]" type="book" year="2018">Manning &amp; Goldblatt (2018)</bibRefCitation>
suggest that the collection
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E2D16F8DBFB42E649" authority="Jaarsveld 1119" authorityName="Jaarsveld" authorityYear="1119" box="[1025,1244,1836,1863]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Van" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2D16F8DBFB42E649" box="[1025,1244,1836,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Van Jaarsveld 1119</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NBG) [corrected here to
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E29C8F8A7FE59E665" box="[223,455,1872,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFFEFF5E29C8F8A7FEE1E664" authority="Jaarsveld" authorityName="Jaarsveld" box="[223,383,1872,1898]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="van">Van Jaarsveld</taxonomicName>
11119
</emphasis>
] from the farm Normandale may represent an undescribed species. Our work on living material from Normandale confirms this.
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFFEFF5E2B4FF882FC05E681" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[600,923,1908,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refId="ref3603" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2018) Systematics of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in southern Africa. Strelitzia 40. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 173 pp. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 20.500.12143 / 6202]" type="book" year="2018">Manning &amp; Goldblatt (2018)</bibRefCitation>
also refer to the collection
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFFEFF5E2DDEF882FAC8E681" box="[1225,1366,1908,1935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="51">Zeyher 4223</emphasis>
(SAM) from Zwartkopsrivier near Gqeberha (previously Port Elizabeth) in the same account. The latter collection includes three complete plants with inflorescences and a single canaliculate leaf of 3050 × ca.
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with acute apex, and their margins are somewhat thickened and differentiated from the blade. Further studies are needed to determine its taxonomic identity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7AF9190FFF9FF5929AAFF68FC71E286" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFF9FF5929AAFF68FAC5E02A" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF5929AAFF68FC8AE1B6" bold="true" box="[189,788,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Diagnostic characters and taxonomic relationships</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFF9FF592A20FF69FBA6E1B6" box="[823,1080,158,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF592A20FF69FBA6E1B6" box="[823,1080,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Austronea oblongifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily identified by the solitary bulb with compact scales; the single, flat, oblong, apiculate, appressed leaf with minute papillae on the adaxial side and the margin, the latter undifferentiated from the blade; the very short peduncle; the subcapitate, few flowered inflorescence; the lowermost bracts with a flat spur, and the reddish flowers with smooth filaments (
<figureCitation id="078EDE9EFFF9FF592DFDFEFCFAD0E02A" box="[1258,1358,266,292]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1910,1932]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,1120,1142]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,278,1883]" captionTargetBox-1="[158,1429,196,1091]" captionTargetId-0="figure-57@2.[151,1436,278,1883]" captionTargetId-1="figure-30@3.[151,1436,190,1096]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Austronea oblongifolia from the type locality (Normandale Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa). a. Plant in flower; b. Inflorescence; c. Flowers in frontal and dorsal views; d. Dissected flower showing gynoecium, stamens and tepals; e. Leaves; f. Infructescence; g. Dehisced capsule; h. Seeds. Scale bars: a, e: 1 cm; b, f, g: 5 mm; c, d: 3 mm; h: 2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Austronea oblongifolia from the type locality (Normandale Farm, Eastern Cape, South Africa). a. Habitat at Normandale Farm; b. Leaf in habitat; c. Curved young inflorescence in cultivation; d. Detail of adaxial leaf surface and margin." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672946" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7672948" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7672946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7672948/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Figs 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFF9FF5929AAFED9FD84E0D6" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFF9FF5929AAFED9FE5EE046" box="[189,448,302,329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF5929AAFED9FE5EE046" box="[189,448,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Austronea oblongifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFF9FF592B57FED9FD4AE046" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Thunberg" baseAuthorityYear="1794" box="[576,724,303,329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF592B57FED9FD4AE046" box="[576,724,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">A. marginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the overall leaf morphology, but the latter differs by the 1(2), hysteranthous, wider (
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wide), oblong to elliptical leaves with heavily thickened, cartilaginous, and densely and minutely retrorso-scabridulous margins; the much longer peduncle (
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long); the longer pedicels (
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long at anthesis); and its occurrence in fine-grained clay soils restricted to the Hantam and Roggeveld Plateaus (
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFF9FF592987FE48FE58E0D6" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[144,454,446,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" pagination="183 - 187" refId="ref3542" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37 (1): 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 37 i 1.313" type="journal article" year="2007">Manning &amp; Goldblatt 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFF9FF5928C6FE48FD90E0D6" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[465,526,446,472]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refId="ref3603" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2018) Systematics of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in southern Africa. Strelitzia 40. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 173 pp. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 20.500.12143 / 6202]" type="book" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFF9FF5929AAFE15FBB1E3BE" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFF9FF5929AAFE15FD96E0F2" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Manning &amp; Goldblatt" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[189,520,482,509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchromarginata">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF5929AAFE15FD96E0F2" box="[189,520,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Austronea pulchromarginata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFF9FF592BA5FE15FCFFE0F2" box="[690,865,482,509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF592BA5FE15FCFFE0F2" box="[690,865,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">A. oblongifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the (1)24, elliptical to broadly elliptical or suborbicular, much wider leaves (
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wide), with a highly ornamented, duplex margin comprising a narrow, colliculate rim edged internally with a broader band, ±
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wide, of closely packed, suberect or weakly retrorse trichomes ±
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long; the much longer peduncle [(60)
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long]; the many-flowered inflorescence (1030 flowers); the longer pedicels (
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long at anthesis); and its occurrence in the northern regions of Namaqualand and the Richtersveld, in sandy or gravelly soils (
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFF9FF592BB3FD60FC45E3BE" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[676,987,662,688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" pagination="183 - 187" refId="ref3542" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37 (1): 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 37 i 1.313" type="journal article" year="2007">Manning &amp; Goldblatt 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFF9FF592AF1FD60FBBDE3BE" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[998,1059,662,688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refId="ref3603" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2018) Systematics of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in southern Africa. Strelitzia 40. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 173 pp. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 20.500.12143 / 6202]" type="book" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFF9FF5929AAFD4DFC71E286" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFF9FF5929AAFD4DFE0CE3DA" authorityName="Mart." baseAuthorityName="Baker" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[189,402,698,725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ecklonii">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF5929AAFD4DFE0CE3DA" box="[189,402,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Austronea ecklonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFF9FF5928AAFD4DFDF0E3DA" box="[445,622,698,724]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Drimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ligulata">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF5928AAFD4DFDF0E3DA" box="[445,622,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Drimia ligulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), differs from
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFF9FF592A0EFD4DFC5AE3DA" box="[793,964,698,725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Austronea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF592A0EFD4DFC5AE3DA" box="[793,964,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">A. oblongifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the 23(4), glabrous, longer and wider leaves[(20)3090 × (4)610(15) mm], with an obtuse apex and a simple, thickened (
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFF9FF592D71FD28FB23E3F7" box="[1126,1213,734,761]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
thick), cartilaginous, papillate or colliculate margin; the much longer peduncle [(60)
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFF9FF592A43FCF4FC7CE213" box="[852,994,770,797]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="140.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="80.0">80200 mm</quantity>
long]; the many-flowered inflorescence (530 flowers); the longer pedicels (
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFF9FF592B3DFCD0FD06E24F" box="[554,664,806,833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">510 mm</quantity>
long at anthesis); and its confinement to seasonally moist sandstone substrates at moderately high altitudes, between
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFF9FF592BA3FCBCFCDDE26B" box="[692,835,842,869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="500.0">5001500 m</quantity>
elevation, in the western mountains of the
<collectingRegion id="5D710CF9FFF9FF592C22FCBCFAF1E26A" box="[1333,1391,842,868]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Cape</collectingRegion>
Fold Belt, flowering in December and January (
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFF9FF592B73FC98FC05E286" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[612,923,878,904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" pagination="183 - 187" refId="ref3542" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2007) New species of Drimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and Northern Cape, South Africa. Bothalia 37 (1): 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.4102 / abc. v 37 i 1.313" type="journal article" year="2007">Manning &amp; Goldblatt 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FB24BFEAFFF9FF592AB1FC98FC7DE286" author="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P." box="[934,995,878,904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refId="ref3603" refString="Manning, J. C. &amp; Goldblatt, P. (2018) Systematics of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in southern Africa. Strelitzia 40. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 173 pp. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 20.500.12143 / 6202]" type="book" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D7AF9190FFF9FF5929AAFC64FCE9E532" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9F0AC21BFFF9FF5929AAFC64FCE9E532" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="2FDDC846FFF9FF5929AAFC64FA35E2DE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4037946302" collectingDate="1990-09-20" collectionCode="CC" collectorName="E. van Jaarsveld" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" elevation="660" location="Normandale" municipality="Normandale" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="NBG149311" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Eastern Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF5929AAFC64FD0CE2A2" bold="true" box="[189,658,914,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
Additional material studied (
<typeStatus id="400E7CB9FFF9FF592B07FC64FD14E2A2" box="[528,650,914,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="E7A2828BFFF9FF592BA5FC64FC1EE2A2" box="[690,896,914,940]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="5D710CF9FFF9FF592A9FFC65FB81E2A2" box="[904,1055,914,941]" country="South Africa" name="Eastern Cape" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Eastern Cape</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="766BBA97FFF9FF592D3FFC65FB20E2A2" box="[1064,1214,914,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Fort Beaufort</collectingCounty>
(3226):
<location id="9A6A94C0FFF9FF592C0DFC64FA39E2A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:171C730DFFFCFF59299FFC02FCE9E532:9A6A94C0FFF9FF592C0DFC64FA39E2A2" box="[1306,1447,914,940]" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" municipality="Normandale" name="Normandale" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Normandale</location>
, south of
<location id="9A6A94C0FFF9FF5929E7FC40FED2E2DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:171C730DFFFCFF59299FFC02FCE9E532:9A6A94C0FFF9FF5929E7FC40FED2E2DE" box="[240,332,950,976]" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" municipality="Normandale" name="Bedford" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Eastern Cape">Bedford</location>
(-CC), rocky grassland,
<date id="EB0BE4DBFFF9FF592B7AFC40FCD3E2DE" box="[621,845,950,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" value="1990-09-20">
<collectingDate id="FB4F1D33FFF9FF592B7AFC40FCD3E2DE" box="[621,845,950,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" value="1990-09-20">20 September 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
(in flower),
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF592AF3FC41FB6EE2DE" box="[996,1264,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="58B5B998FFF9FF592AF3FC41FB38E2DE" authority="Jaarsveld" authorityName="Jaarsveld" box="[996,1190,950,976]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="van">
<collectorName id="3240A7CDFFF9FF592AF3FC41FB38E2DE" box="[996,1190,950,976]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">E. van Jaarsveld</collectorName>
</taxonomicName>
11119
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="CF136A60FFF9FF592C15FC40FA05E2DE" box="[1282,1435,950,976]" collectionCode="NBG" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15565" name="South African National Biodiversity Institute" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">NBG149311</specimenCode>
!);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="2FDDC846FFF9FF59299FFC2DFCE9E532" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4037946301" collectingDate="2022-10-14" collectionCode="GRA" collectorName="A. P. Dold" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" elevation="660" location="Normandale Farm" municipality="Normandale" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="NBG149311, R350" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fort Beaufort">
<collectingRegion id="5D710CF9FFF9FF59299FFC2DFEBFE2FA" box="[136,289,986,1013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">Fort Beaufort</collectingRegion>
(3226):
<location id="9A6A94C0FFF9FF592894FC2CFDCDE2FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:171C730DFFFCFF59299FFC02FCE9E532:9A6A94C0FFF9FF592894FC2CFDCDE2FB" box="[387,595,986,1013]" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" municipality="Normandale" name="Normandale Farm" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Fort Beaufort">Normandale Farm</location>
,
<location id="9A6A94C0FFF9FF592B77FC2CFC8AE2FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:171C730DFFFCFF59299FFC02FCE9E532:9A6A94C0FFF9FF592B77FC2CFC8AE2FA" box="[608,788,986,1012]" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" municipality="Normandale" name="Bedford district" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Fort Beaufort">Bedford district</location>
,
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFF9FF592A37FC2CFCF6E2FA" box="[800,872,986,1012]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="20.0">
<locationDeviation id="8EB8DB39FFF9FF592A37FC2CFCF6E2FA" box="[800,872,986,1012]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
south of
<location id="9A6A94C0FFF9FF592AC3FC2CFBAEE2FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:171C730DFFFCFF59299FFC02FCE9E532:9A6A94C0FFF9FF592AC3FC2CFBAEE2FA" box="[980,1072,986,1012]" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" municipality="Normandale" name="Bedford" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Fort Beaufort">Bedford</location>
on R350 to
<location id="9A6A94C0FFF9FF592DA9FC2CFAC5E2FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:171C730DFFFCFF59299FFC02FCE9E532:9A6A94C0FFF9FF592DA9FC2CFAC5E2FA" box="[1214,1371,986,1012]" country="South Africa" county="Fort Beaufort" municipality="Normandale" name="Grahamstown" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Fort Beaufort">Grahamstown</location>
(-CC),
<quantity id="584D6FFEFFF9FF59299FFC08FF51E517" box="[136,207,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="660.0">
<elevation id="14982528FFF9FF59299FFC08FF51E517" box="[136,207,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="660.0">660 m</elevation>
</quantity>
elevation, flat karroid plains with exposed bare rock sheets between fine reddish sandy soil covered with rocks and stones,
<date id="EB0BE4DBFFF9FF59281CFBD4FE56E532" box="[267,456,1058,1084]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" value="2022-10-14">
<collectingDate id="FB4F1D33FFF9FF59281CFBD4FE56E532" box="[267,456,1058,1084]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" value="2022-10-14">14 October 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
(in fruit),
<collectorName id="3240A7CDFFF9FF592B2BFBD4FD3FE532" box="[572,673,1058,1084]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="ADC11E09FFF9FF592B2BFBD4FD3FE532" box="[572,673,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">A.P.Dold</emphasis>
</collectorName>
TD16063 (
<collectionCode id="F9A45ADEFFF9FF592A36FBD4FCF8E532" box="[801,870,1058,1084]" collectionName="GRA" pageId="4" pageNumber="52">GRA</collectionCode>
!).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>