221 lines
21 KiB
XML
221 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44420001-28a0-4c06-b87e-3a4621d00270" ID-PMC="PMC3118779" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-99-1" ID-PubMed="21738435" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-99-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 99" ModsDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" checkinTime="1451250430027" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C. & Harvey, Mark S." docDate="2011" docId="065820E789E23A937D4F67EA06A05486" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 99: 1-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 99" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" docTitle="Karaops jarrit Crews & Harvey, 2011, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFCF164DFFC1FFB8FFE86B62FFD3934E" masterDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1668169852460" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-99-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159365295" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:60577CDB-3D72-46C7-B7C2-E53D257311A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/065820E789E23A937D4F67EA06A05486" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:60577CDB-3D72-46C7-B7C2-E53D257311A0" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jarrit" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jarrit">Karaops jarrit</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="26" pageNumber="27">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 23-26Map 6
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Holotype male (WAM T55003): 11 km NW of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Roe’s">Roe's</normalizedToken>
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Rock (16A), Fitzgerald River National Park,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.963055">33°57'47"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.277504">119°16'39"E</geoCoordinate>
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, Western Australia, Austral
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="28" start="start">ia</pageBreakToken>
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, XI.1996, A. Saunders. Paratype: conveyor #2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.12861">33°07'43"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="116.126114">116°07'34"E</geoCoordinate>
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, Western Australia, Australia, 8.VI.2007, J. Hynes, 1♀ (WAM T87168).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="other material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Duncraig,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-31.833334">31°50'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="115.78333">115°47'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 17.XII.1987, D. Robinson, 1♀ (WAM T93/1329); 24.2 km WNW of Quindanning, Worsley Alumina conveyor #1,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-32.997944">32°59'52.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="116.31814">116°19'05.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 30.XI.2009, J. Hynes, 1♂ (WAM T99505); 33.5 km W. of Quindanning, Worsley Alumina conveyor #1,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.042862">33°02'34.3"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="116.21024">116°12'36.9"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1.XII.2009, J. Hynes, 1♂ (WAM T99504); 26.8 km NW of Quindanning, Worsley Alumina conveyor #1,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.010693">33°00'38.5"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="116.28728">116°17'14.2"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 9.XII.2009, J. Hynes, 1♂ (WAM T99759); 23.8 km NW of Quindanning, Worsley Alumina conveyor #1,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-32.995224">32°59'42.8"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="116.324524">116°19'28.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 9.XII.2009, J. Hynes, 1♂ (WAM T99760); 24.3 km NW of Quindanning, Worsley Alumina conveyor #1,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-32.99814">32°59'53.3"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="116.3175">116°19'03.0"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 9.XII.2009, J. Hynes, 1♂ (WAM T99761).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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The specific name comes from the Nyoongar jarrit, meaning jarrah. Jarrah trees (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus marginata" order="Myrtales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginata">Eucalyptus marginata</taxonomicName>
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) are common throughout the area where this species is found. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Males of this species can be separated from all other species except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">Karaops raveni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by having unpaired spines on Ti I and II, and can be separated from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">Karaops raveni</taxonomicName>
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by having the MA with a quadrangular base. Females can be separated from other species by the a diamond shaped median septum, small posterodorsal folds, and coiled internal ducts (Figs 23-26).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Figures 23-28. Copulatory organs of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jarrit" order="Araneae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jarrit">Karaops jarrit</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., male holotype from 11 km NW of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Roe’s">Roe's</normalizedToken>
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Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T55003) (23-24), female paratype from southwest of Boddington, Western Australia, Australia (WAM T87168) (25-26), and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">Karaops marrayagong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., female holotype from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kitty’s">Kitty's</normalizedToken>
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Creek, near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (AM KS19743) (27-28) 23 male pedipalp, ventral view 24 male pedipalp, retrolateral view 25, 27 epigyne, ventral view 26, 28 spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Though the male and female have not been collected together, it is clear from their morphologies that they are the same species. Additionally, and interestingly, this species is morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">Karaops raveni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">Karaops marrayagong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from eastern Australia. The cephalothorax of all three species is strongly flattened, giving the habitus a very truncate, or short and squat, appearance. The females have 5 paired spines on the ventral tibiae I and II, and 3 pairs on the metatarsi, whereas the male has either 4 or 5 spines (unpaired) on tibiae I and II, and no spines on the ventral surface of the metatarsi, though the male of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">Karaops marrayagong</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Male (holotype):Color: carapace yellow-brown, with slightly darker marks laterally; sternum pale yellow-brown; chelicerae uniformly dark red-brown; maxillae pale yellow-brown; labium pale brown; abdomen dorsally yellow-brown with darker markings; ventrally pale yellow-brown; legs uniformly pale red-brown. Cephalothorax:setae long and thin, carapace strongly flattened; 0.75 times longer than broad; fovea longitudinal, broad, very shallow. Eyes:AER slightly recurved; PER recurved; PME same size as AME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye group width 1.81; eye diameters, AME 0.21, ALE 0.21, PME 0.12, PLE 0.3; interdistances AME-ALE 0.34, PME-PLE 0.25, ALE-PLE 0.15, AME-PME 0.05; ocular quadrangle AME-AME 0.59, PME-PME 1.08; clypeus 0.12 high. Mouthparts:chelicerae with a few stout setae medially and anteriorly; lateral boss present, smooth; promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth; maxillae longer than broad, with tuft of conspicuous setae distally; labium distally rounded. Sternum:0.66 times longer than broad, p
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">osteriorly</pageBreakToken>
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indented. Pedipalp:femur, spination dorsal 0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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2; retrolateral tibial apophysis with 2 processes, dorsal apophysis long and slender, curved ventrally in lateral view, pointed at tip, slightly bent laterally at tip in ventral view, ventral apophysis broad and blunt, rounded to quadrangular distally; retrolateral basal cymbial process absent; cymbial scopulae absent; cymbium round to triangular, angled bottom right; conductor large, slightly crescent shaped, with slightly rounded to triangular processes, one in the center of the bulb, and two near the tip, one atop the other, the top one more pointed and directed ventrally; embolus very long and slender, arising off of a large ovoid base and tapering abruptly, beginning at 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
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, terminating at 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="o’clock">o'clock</normalizedToken>
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; MA ovoid, with a single finger-like process arising medially, directed ventrolaterally, MA only lightly sclerotized (Figs 23-24). Legs:leg I much shorter than legs II, III and IV; leg formula 2341; scopulae absent on all legs; tarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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with strong claw tufts; pr claws with c. 10-15 teeth, rl claws lacking teeth; spination: leg I, Fm pr 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti d 0, v 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–1–">-1-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, or d 0, v 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–1–1–">-1-1-1-</normalizedToken>
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1; Mt 0; Ti and Mt I and II with very weak spines; leg II, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti absent; Mt 0; leg III, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0; leg IV, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti 0; Mt 0. Abdomen:without tufts of setae, but hairs worn off. Dimensions: Total length 5.31. Cephalothorax length 2.61, width 3.50. Sternum length 0.66, width 1.00. Abdomen length 2.72, width 2.86. Pedipalp: Fm 0.97, Pt 0.54, Ti 0.50, Ta 0.83, (total) 2.84. Leg I: Fm 3.94, Pt 1.57, Ti 3.93, Mt 3.33, Ta 1.43, (total) 14.20. Leg II: Fm 6.67, Pt 1.87, Ti 6.24, Mt 5.96, Ta 2.02, (total) 22.76. Leg III: Fm 6.14, Pt 1.60, Ti 5.18, Mt 4.89, Ta 1.77, (total) 19.58. Leg IV: Fm 4.81, Pt 1.29, Ti 4.18, Mt 4, Ta 1.56, (total) 15.84.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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Female (paratype): Color: carapace yellow-brown, with slightly darker marks laterally and medially; sternum pale yellow-brown; chelicerae yellow-brown; labium pale yellow-brown, lightening distally; abdomen dorsally dark grey with lighter cardiac area and lighter patches laterally and posteriorly; ventrally pale yellow-brown; legs: femora prolaterally with dark annulations connected along the length giving the appearance of dark grey femora with four yellow spots, patellae and tibiae with annulations, retrolaterally and dorsally dark, ventrally yellow to yellow-brown, metatarsus and tarsus dark. Cephalothorax: setae long and thin, carapace strongly flattened; 0.72 times longer than broad; fovea longitudinal, broad, very shallow. Eyes:AER nearly straight; PER slightly recurved; AME slightly larger than PME, PLE largest, ALE smallest; eye group width 1.53; eye diameters, AME 0.19, ALE 0.10, PME 0.17, PLE 0.29; interdistances AME-ALE 0.40, PME-PLE 0.33, ALE-PLE 0.29, AME-PME 0.08; ocular quadrangle AME-AME 0.19; clypeus 0.06 high. Mouthparts:chelicerae with a few stout setae medially and anteriorly; lateral boss present, smooth; promargin with 3 teeth, retromargin with 2 teeth; maxillae longer than broad, with tuft of conspicuous setae distally; labium distally rounded. Sternum:0.68 times longer than broad, posteriorly indented. Pedipalp:tarsus slightly swollen, claw present with less than 6 teeth. Legs:leg I much shorter than legs II, III and IV; leg formula 3241; scopulae absent on all legs; tarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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with strong claw tufts; pr claws with c. 10 teeth, rl claws with none; spination: leg I, Fm
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">pr</pageBreakToken>
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1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti d 0, v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–2–2–">-2-2-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; Mt v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–">-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; Ti and Mt I and II with strong spines; leg II, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–2–2–">-2-2-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; Mt v 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2–">-2-</normalizedToken>
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2; leg III, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–0–">-0-</normalizedToken>
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0; mt 0; leg IV, Fm pr 0, d 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1–">-1-</normalizedToken>
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1, rl 0; Ti v 1-1; Mt 1-0. Abdomen:terminal setal tufts present. Epigyne:two lobes surrounding median area, giving the median field a long diamond shaped appearance, truncated posteriorly, copulatory openings located anterolaterally, at sides of median field, epigynal pockets absent, very small posterodorsal fold barely covering bottom of internal ducts, spermathecae ovoid, located anteriorly, ducts coiled, with the anterior most coil flattened, fertilization ducts located posteriorly (Figs 25-26). Dimensions: Total length 6.21. Cephalothorax length 2.67, width 3.70. Sternum length 1.40, width 2.06. Abdomen length 3.54, width 3.52. Pedipalp: Fm 0.94, Pt 0.57, Ti 0.61, Ta 0.84, (total) 2.06. Leg I: Fm 3.26, Ti 2.79, Mt 2.38, Ta 0.99, (total) 10.80. Leg II: Fm 4.59, Pt 1.47, Ti 3.62, Mt 2.96, Ta 1.22, (total) 13.86. Leg III: Fm 5.15, Pt 1.44, Ti 3.73, Mt 2.93, Ta 1.38, (total) 14.63. Leg IV: Fm 4.25, Pt 1.15, Ti 3.05, Mt 2.64, Ta 1.09, (total) 12.18.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Found in pitfall traps, and at night along overland conveyors.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Near the south and west coasts of southwestern Australia (Map 6).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<paragraph pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Map 6. The southwest coast of Western Australia (inset) showing the distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Karaops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops francesae" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="francesae">Karaops francesae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (white circles),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops toolbrunup" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toolbrunup">Karaops toolbrunup</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (white star),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jarrit" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jarrit">Karaops jarrit</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.(white triangles), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops ellenae" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ellenae">Karaops ellenae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.(white squares).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |