299 lines
42 KiB
XML
299 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B63ABD517C36121EE4F8B964A93D675C">Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A114F19824EF87F061D4D657780DEAEC">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="000A57C4B19F367D5C52A67D07B87084" type="email">james.nicholls@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4C8A25593D989D5890847AF4E109929A">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="673417AF0FFF7B4E4EF28D9A053D652E" type="email">melikageorge@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8A6E99E4C38A99580A4C09EC3D846379">Digweed, Scott C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8BE273877F42274A99A0BEE668E050DD">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15AFAFCC4C3E3EC069880121E64B8A80">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A38390DE0BE757BB98DE6311E4BAFA0E">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F780A47E370D39463B5852E5C3F80937">2022-06-01</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E987BFFF90CE214E9D5314AF1DAD0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601717" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198576538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601717" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFF90CE214E9D5314AF1DAD0B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E987BFFF90CE214E9D5314AF1DAD0B" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF90CE254E9D5314AF69AC4E" box="[151,783,834,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF90CE254E9D5314AF69AC4E" blockId="33.[151,783,834,896]" box="[151,783,834,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<heading id="D0B781C5FF90CE254E9D5314AF69AC4E" bold="true" box="[151,783,834,861]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254E9D5314AF69AC4E" bold="true" box="[151,783,834,861]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254E9D5314AE40AC4E" authority="Ashmead, 1896" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,550,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254E9D5314AD39AC4F" bold="true" box="[151,351,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bassettia pallida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254F6C5315AE40AC4E" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[358,550,834,860]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="113 - 136" refId="ref37237" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1896) Descriptions of new cynipidous galls and gall wasps in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 19, 113 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.19 - 1102.113" type="journal article" year="1896">Ashmead, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, sexual generation
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF90CE254E9D5331AFD1AB13" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF90CE254E9D5331AD31AC92" blockId="33.[151,783,834,896]" box="[151,343,870,896]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254E9D5331AD31AC92" bold="true" box="[151,343,870,896]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF90CE254E9D5331AD44AC92" box="[151,290,870,896]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 95–102" captionStart-1="FIGURES 103–108" captionStart-2="FIGURES 109–111" captionStartId-0="32.[151,264,1934,1958]" captionStartId-1="34.[151,264,1562,1586]" captionStartId-2="35.[151,264,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1411,495,1896]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1426,283,1531]" captionTargetBox-2="[158,1422,356,1512]" captionTargetId-0="figure-146@32.[164,1423,489,1910]" captionTargetId-1="figure-71@34.[151,1436,273,1538]" captionTargetId-2="figure-87@35.[151,1436,345,1517]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="34" captionTargetPageId-2="35" captionText-0="FIGURES 95–102. Bassettia pallida Ashmead, sexual generation. 95–97, head, female: 95, frontal view, 96, dorsal view, 97, posterior view. 98, antenna, female. 99–101, head, male: 99, frontal view, 100, dorsal view, 101, posterior view. 102, antenna, male." captionText-1="FIGURES 103–108. Bassettia pallida Ashmead, sexual generation. 103–104, female: 103, head, lateral view, 104, mesosoma, lateral view. 105–108, male: 105, head, lateral view, 106, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view, 107, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 108, mesoscutellum, dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURES 109–111. Bassettia pallida Ashmead, sexual generation, female. 109, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 110, forewing, part. 111, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601859" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601861" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601863" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6601859/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6601861/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6601863/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 95–111</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF90CE254F255331AD31AC92" box="[303,343,870,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–113" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1990,2014]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,309,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-72@36.[201,1386,309,1967]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 112–113. Bassettia pallida Ashmead. 112, asexual gall, 113, putative sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601865/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">113</figureCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF90CE254E9D53FCAFD1AB13" blockId="33.[151,1437,939,1025]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254E9D53FCAD69ACD1" bold="true" box="[151,271,939,963]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254F1253FBAF7CACD1" authority="Melika & Abrahamson, 2007" authorityName="Melika & Abrahamson" authorityYear="2007" box="[280,794,939,963]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archboldi">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254F1253FBAD86ACD1" box="[280,480,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bassettia archboldi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254FE253FCAF7CACD1" author="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G." box="[488,794,939,963]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="131 - 148" refId="ref41617" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2007) Review of the Nearctic gall wasp species of the genus Bassettia Ashmead, 1887, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53 (2), 131 - 148." type="journal article" year="2007">Melika & Abrahamson, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254D2D53FCAFE1ACD1" bold="true" box="[807,903,939,963]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20757C0FF90CE254D2D53FCAFE1ACD1" box="[807,903,939,963]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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This species was initially described based only on males, without knowledge of the females or the galls they induce; a male was obtained in a Malaise trap in November in
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<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF90CE254ECD53BFAD75AB12" box="[199,275,1000,1024]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Florida</collectingRegion>
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, at the Archbold Biological Station (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254C8E53BFAFCDAB13" author="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G." box="[644,939,1000,1025]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="131 - 148" refId="ref41617" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2007) Review of the Nearctic gall wasp species of the genus Bassettia Ashmead, 1887, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53 (2), 131 - 148." type="journal article" year="2007">Melika & Abrahamson 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF90CE254E9D5479AFC2ABA7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF90CE254E9D5479AFC2ABA7" blockId="33.[151,1437,1070,2033]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254E9D5479ADE3AB5A" bold="true" box="[151,389,1070,1096]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B283CF4FF90CE254F845478ADC4ABA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3878855314" collectingDate="1995-10-11" collectionCode="FL, MT, USNM" collectorName="G. Melika & Two" country="United States of America" county="Highlands Co." location="Archbold Biological Station" municipality="Four" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Florida">
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Two females and
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<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF90CE254C515478AEA5AB5B" box="[603,707,1071,1097]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
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“Skinners nursery, Crescent City.,
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<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF90CE254A525478A81DAB5B" box="[1112,1147,1071,1097]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FL</collectionCode>
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, gall coll. 04/03/24. Tree 20C,
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<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254EDF5404AD5AAB7E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[213,316,1107,1132]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254EDF5404AD5AAB7E" box="[213,316,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bassettia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gall.”.
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B9BACD3FF90CE254F855404ADA2AB7F" box="[399,452,1107,1133]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Four</collectingMunicipality>
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males “
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<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF90CE254C155404AE3AAB7F" box="[543,604,1107,1133]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">USA</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF90CE254C625404AEEDAB7F" box="[616,651,1107,1133]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FL</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="629E4E25FF90CE254C925404AF5BAB7F" box="[664,829,1107,1133]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Highlands Co.</collectingCounty>
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, Lake Placid, Archbold Bio Sta,
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<date id="FFFE1069FF90CE254ABB5405A957AB7F" box="[1201,1329,1106,1133]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1995-10-11">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFBAE981FF90CE254ABB5405A957AB7F" box="[1201,1329,1106,1133]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1995-10-11">1995.10.11</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF90CE254B365404A90EAB7F" box="[1340,1384,1107,1133]" country="Russia" name="Mus. Tinro, Vladyvostok" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">MT</collectionCode>
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. leg.
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<collectorName id="26B5537FFF90CE254E9D5420AD68AB83" box="[151,270,1143,1169]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G. Melika</collectorName>
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” (in the collection of the
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<location id="8E9F6072FF90CE254C3C5420AF1FAB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFF90CE214E9D5314AF1DAD0B:8E9F6072FF90CE254C3C5420AF1FAB83" box="[566,889,1143,1169]" country="United States of America" county="Highlands Co." municipality="Four" name="Archbold Biological Station" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Florida">Archbold Biological Station</location>
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,
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<location id="8E9F6072FF90CE254D8C5420A84BAB83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E987BFFF90CE214E9D5314AF1DAD0B:8E9F6072FF90CE254D8C5420A84BAB83" box="[902,1069,1143,1169]" country="United States of America" county="Highlands Co." municipality="Four" name="Highlands Co." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Florida">Highlands Co.</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF90CE254A305420A8F6AB80" box="[1082,1168,1143,1170]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Florida</collectingRegion>
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).
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<collectorName id="26B5537FFF90CE254AAE5420A8B3AB83" box="[1188,1237,1143,1169]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Two</collectorName>
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males have been deposited at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF90CE254F4454CCADC4ABA7" box="[334,418,1179,1205]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B283CF4FF90CE254FA754CCAFC6ABA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3878855318" box="[429,928,1179,1205]" collectionCode="PHDNRL" country="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF90CE254FA754CCAE4CABA7" box="[429,554,1179,1205]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D46FD20FF90CE254C6A54CCAE86ABA7" box="[608,736,1179,1205]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
|
||
at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED51AE6CFF90CE254D2654CCAFC6ABA7" box="[812,928,1179,1205]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">PHDNRL</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF90CE254ECD54E9AD10AA7B" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF90CE254ECD54E9AD10AA7B" blockId="33.[151,1437,1070,2033]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254ECD54E9AD24ABCA" bold="true" box="[199,322,1214,1240]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Both females and males most closely resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254D4454E8A85FABCB" authority="Kinsey, 1922" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[846,1081,1215,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254D4454E8AFF8ABCB" box="[846,926,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. ligni</emphasis>
|
||
Kinsey, 1922
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254A5554E8A8ADABCB" box="[1119,1227,1215,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254A5554E8A8ADABCB" box="[1119,1227,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mesoscutum is longer than broad in dorsal view, the mesoscutellar foveae in the form of a narrow transverse semi-lunar impression, without a median carina, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254C295550AE1EAA33" authorityName="Kinsey" authorityYear="1922" box="[547,632,1287,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254C295550AE1EAA33" box="[547,632,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. ligni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the mesoscutum nearly as long as broad, mesoscutellar foveae broad, separated by a distinct median carina. For species identification the key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF90CE254DFB557CA83EAA56" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1887" box="[1009,1112,1323,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254DFB557CA83EAA56" box="[1009,1112,1323,1348]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Bassettia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can also be used (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF90CE254B26557CAD0CAA7B" author="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G." pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="131 - 148" refId="ref41617" refString="Melika, G. & Abrahamson, W. G. (2007) Review of the Nearctic gall wasp species of the genus Bassettia Ashmead, 1887, with description of new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 53 (2), 131 - 148." type="journal article" year="2007">Melika & Abrahamson 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF90CE214ECD5525ADD0AE0F" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF90CE254ECD5525A82BAAA3" blockId="33.[151,1437,1070,2033]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF90CE254ECD5525AD3FAA9E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1394,1420]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF90CE254C115524AEC7AA9F" box="[539,673,1394,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 95–102" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[180,1411,495,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-146@32.[164,1423,489,1910]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 95–102. Bassettia pallida Ashmead, sexual generation. 95–97, head, female: 95, frontal view, 96, dorsal view, 97, posterior view. 98, antenna, female. 99–101, head, male: 99, frontal view, 100, dorsal view, 101, posterior view. 102, antenna, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601859/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figs 95–98</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF90CE254CBA5524AF73AA9F" box="[688,789,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 103–108" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,283,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-71@34.[151,1436,273,1538]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 103–108. Bassettia pallida Ashmead, sexual generation. 103–104, female: 103, head, lateral view, 104, mesosoma, lateral view. 105–108, male: 105, head, lateral view, 106, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view, 107, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 108, mesoscutellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601861/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">103–104</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF90CE254D2F5524AFEFAA9F" box="[805,905,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURES 109–111" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1540,1564]" captionTargetBox="[158,1422,356,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-87@35.[151,1436,345,1517]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 109–111. Bassettia pallida Ashmead, sexual generation, female. 109, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 110, forewing, part. 111, metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601863/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">109–111</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head and mesosoma black, antenna brown, metasoma dark brown; legs light brown with dark brown coxae, trochanter and tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF90CE264ECD55ECA872AFEB" blockId="33.[151,1437,1070,2033]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Head alutaceous without setae; rounded, 1.2× as broad as high and broader than mesosoma in frontal view, 1.9× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, slightly broadened behind eye in frontal view, narrower than transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, without sulcus or striae; eye 4.8× as high as height of malar space. Eyes slightly converging ventrally. POL 5.4× as long as OOL; OOL nearly 2.0× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 2.0× as long as LOL; all ocelli ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance 1.3× as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 2.0× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.2× as long as diameter of torulus. Lower face alutaceous, 2.0x as long as frons in dorsal view, without setae or striae; sculpture of lower face rougher than frons; median area alutaceous, not elevated; lower face with two impressed smooth glabrous sulci starting from lateral edges of clypeus and extending to 1/3 of lower face height. Clypeus rectangular, 1.4× as high as broad, uniformly alutaceous, ventrally emarginate, without median incision, reaches beyond ventral edge of lower face; anterior tentorial pit small, rounded, inconspicuous; smooth, glabrous epistomal sulcus and smooth, glabrous clypeo-pleurostomal line distinct, strongly impressed. Frons and interocellar area uniformly alutaceous, without setae. Vertex, occiput, postocciput, postgena uniformly alutaceous, without parallel striae, with white setae; posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, area below impressed; occipital foramen 1.6× as long as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into united postgenal sulci which strongly diverge toward occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly broader than high. Antenna longer than head+ mesosoma; with 11 flagellomeres; scape, pedicel, F1 and F2 much lighter than F3–F11; pedicel slightly longer than broad, F1 1.7× as long as pedicel and 1.4× as long as F2, F2 to F6 nearly equal in length, subsequent flagellomeres slightly shorter but equal in length; placodeal sensilla on F2–F11.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF93CE264E9D564DAD8CA968" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601861" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601861/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,264,1562,1586]" targetBox="[159,1426,283,1531]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF93CE264E9D564DAD8CA968" blockId="34.[151,1437,1562,1658]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF93CE264E9D564DAD08A920" bold="true" box="[151,366,1562,1586]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURES 103–108.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF93CE264F79564CAEE1A920" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[371,647,1562,1586]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF93CE264F79564CAE79A920" box="[371,543,1562,1586]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Bassettia pallida</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation. 103–104, female: 103, head, lateral view, 104, mesosoma, lateral view. 105–108, male: 105, head, lateral view, 106, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view, 107, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 108, mesoscutellum, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF93CE274ECD56FEAFADAE53" blockId="34.[151,1437,1704,2019]" lastBlockId="35.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mesosoma 1.5× as long as high. Pronotum alutaceous, with white setae along margin, laterally broader than width of mesopleuron. Propleuron alutaceous. Mesoscutum alutaceous, with sparse white setae lateral of parapsidal line; slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum level with base of tegulae). Notaulus, anterior parallel line, median mesoscutal sulcus absent; parapsidal line in the form of a smooth stripe; circumscutellar carina broad, smooth along tegula. Mesoscutellum ovate, slightly longer than broad; posteriorly rounded; anterior 2/3 with delicate net of rugae; posteriorly alutaceous, without setae, not overhanging metanotum. Mesoscutellum with narrow short transverse semilunar impression anteriorly, with smooth, glabrous bottom. Mesopleuron alutaceous, with transverse invagination in ventral part; mesopleural triangle alutaceous, without striae or setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas alutaceous, without setae; subaxillular bar smooth, glabrous, at posterior end shorter than height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron below half its height, delimiting broad alutaceous area along mesopleuron; upper part of mesopleural sulcus absent, area above sulcus uniformly alutaceous. Metascutellum smooth, slightly higher than height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough alutaceous, glabrous, without setae; propodeum uniformly alutaceous, without propodeal carinae, without rugae or setae. Nucha very short, smooth. Tarsal claws simple, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF92CE274E9D5653AEA4A952" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601863/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,264,1540,1564]" targetBox="[158,1422,356,1512]" targetPageId="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF92CE274E9D5653AEA4A952" blockId="35.[151,1436,1540,1600]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF92CE274E9D5653AD0DA90E" bold="true" box="[151,363,1540,1564]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURES 109–111.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF92CE274F7A5652AEE5A90E" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" box="[368,643,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF92CE274F7A5652AE7DA90E" box="[368,539,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bassettia pallida</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sexual generation, female. 109, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view. 110, forewing, part. 111, metasoma, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF92CE274ECD5639AF01A9C2" blockId="35.[151,1437,1646,2033]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Forewing longer than body, hyaline, with dense long cilia on margin, veins brown, radial cell open, 4.8× as long as broad; R1 and Rs nearly reaching wing margin; areolet small, triangular, distinct, Rs+M distinct along 2/3 of its length, projection reaching basalis slightly below its mid height.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF92CE274ECD568CA8ACA873" blockId="35.[151,1437,1646,2033]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, nearly as long as high in lateral view; 2nd metasomal tergum extending to 1/3 of metasoma length in dorsal view, with very few setae scattered anterolaterally; all terga smooth, glabrous, without micropunctures. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short, as long as broad in ventral view, without setae ventrally. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF92CE274DE35710A816A873" box="[1001,1136,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.7">2.7–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF92CE204ECD573DAD6AAE0F" blockId="35.[151,1437,1646,2033]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,150,285]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF92CE274F1B573DADC4A897" box="[273,418,1898,1925]" captionStart="FIGURES 95–102" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[180,1411,495,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-146@32.[164,1423,489,1910]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 95–102. Bassettia pallida Ashmead, sexual generation. 95–97, head, female: 95, frontal view, 96, dorsal view, 97, posterior view. 98, antenna, female. 99–101, head, male: 99, frontal view, 100, dorsal view, 101, posterior view. 102, antenna, male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601859/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 99–102</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF92CE274FA5573DAE73A897" box="[431,533,1898,1925]" captionStart="FIGURES 103–108" captionStartId="34.[151,264,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,283,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-71@34.[151,1436,273,1538]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURES 103–108. Bassettia pallida Ashmead, sexual generation. 103–104, female: 103, head, lateral view, 104, mesosoma, lateral view. 105–108, male: 105, head, lateral view, 106, pronotum and propleuron, frontal view, 107, mesoscutum, dorsal view, 108, mesoscutellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601861/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">105–108</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar to female, body uniformly brown, lighter than female, legs uniformly light brown. Head 1.8× as broad as long in dorsal view, ocelli larger than in female, POL 2.4× as long as OOL, OOL slightly shorter than diameter of ocellus and equal to LOL. Antenna slightly longer than body, light brown, with last four flagellomeres darker, with 14 flagellomeres. F1 equal to scape+pedicel, 1.5× as long as F2, F2 slightly longer than F3, F3 slightly longer than F4, F4=F5=F6, subsequent flagellomeres nearly equal in length, F14 slightly shorter than F13, placodeal sensilla on F4–F14, absent on F1–F3. Metasoma nearly 2.0× as long as head+mesosoma, 2nd metasomal tergum extending to half the length of metasoma in dorsal view; all terga smooth, glabrous, without punctures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F6621FF95CE204E9D5791A825A8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6601865" box="[151,1091,1990,2015]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601865/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" startId="36.[151,264,1990,2014]" targetBox="[201,1386,309,1967]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF95CE204E9D5791A825A8CD" blockId="36.[151,1091,1990,2015]" box="[151,1091,1990,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF95CE204E9D5791AD0CA8CD" bold="true" box="[151,362,1990,2015]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURES 112–113.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF95CE204F7B5790AEEFA8CD" authority="Ashmead." authorityName="Ashmead." box="[369,649,1991,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF95CE204F7B5790AE7AA8CD" box="[369,540,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bassettia pallida</emphasis>
|
||
Ashmead.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
112, asexual gall, 113, putative sexual gall.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF94CE214ECD50C1ADD0AE0F" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF94CE214ECD50C1AC9CAFA2" bold="true" box="[199,250,150,176]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Gall</emphasis>
|
||
. Asexual galls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF94CE214FBB50C0AE76AFA3" box="[433,528,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–113" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1990,2014]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,309,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-72@36.[201,1386,309,1967]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 112–113. Bassettia pallida Ashmead. 112, asexual gall, 113, putative sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601865/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 112</figureCitation>
|
||
) are in twigs, larval cells develop as cryptic elliptical chambers
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF94CE214AE250C0A959AFA3" box="[1256,1343,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by
|
||
<quantity id="4CB89B4CFF94CE214E9D50ECAC8AAFC7" box="[151,236,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter under the bark of small twigs. Sexual galls remain to be confirmed but may well be found within hypertrophied buds that occur in clusters on stems, with bud scales open, although with no obvious cavity observed within the bud (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B2A2CFF94CE214F425154ADCCAE0F" box="[328,426,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 112–113" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1990,2014]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,309,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-72@36.[201,1386,309,1967]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 112–113. Bassettia pallida Ashmead. 112, asexual gall, 113, putative sexual gall." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6601865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6601865/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 113</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF94CE214ECD5171ADE0AEE7" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF94CE214ECD5171ADE0AEE7" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF94CE214ECD5171AD41AE52" bold="true" box="[199,295,294,320]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF94CE214F3A5170AD89AE53" box="[304,495,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Bassettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF94CE214F3A5170AD89AE53" box="[304,495,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bassettia pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, previously known only from asexual females, is now also known from its sexual generation. The asexual galls develop under the bark of twigs on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF94CE214D8B511CA87FAE76" box="[897,1049,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF94CE214D8B511CA87FAE76" box="[897,1049,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF94CE214A58511CA8BBAE76" box="[1106,1245,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF94CE214A58511CA8BBAE76" box="[1106,1245,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Q. geminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Galls mature in late September-October; adults emerge in November. Both sexual females and males were reared from galls within the same twig with enlarged and distorted buds on it, collected at the Archbold Biological Station (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF94CE214B0B51C4A933AEBC" box="[1281,1365,403,430]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
) from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C404D2AFF94CE214E9D51E0AD44AEC2" box="[151,290,439,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="geminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF94CE214E9D51E0AD44AEC2" box="[151,290,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Q. geminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in October. See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF94CE214FD551E0AF67AEC3" author="Weinersmith, K. L. & Forbes, A. A. & Ward, A. K. G. & Brandao-Dias, P. F. P. & Zhang, Y. M. & Egan, S. P." box="[479,769,439,465]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="373 - 388" refId="ref44654" refString="Weinersmith, K. L., Forbes, A. A., Ward, A. K. G., Brandao-Dias, P. F. P., Zhang, Y. M. & Egan, S. P. (2020) Arthropod community associated with the asexual generation of Bassettia pallida (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 113 (5), 373 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / saaa 009" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Weinersmith
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF94CE214C7F51E0AEC8AEC3" box="[629,686,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the community ecology and natural enemy assemblage associated with galls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A6522FF94CE214ECD51A9AF1DAD0B" box="[199,891,510,537]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF36A9FF94CE214ECD51A9AF1DAD0B" blockId="37.[151,1437,150,537]" box="[199,891,510,537]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B934EABBFF94CE214ECD51A9AD07AD0A" bold="true" box="[199,353,510,536]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3577639FF94CE214F6D51A8ADC5AD0B" box="[359,419,511,537]" name="United States of America" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF94CE214FA451A8AE64AD0B" box="[430,514,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF94CE214C0751A8AE0CAD0B" box="[525,618,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4984F84BFF94CE214C7F51A8AEBFAD0B" box="[629,729,511,537]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD14B58FF94CE214CED51A8AF09AD0B" author="Burks, B. D." box="[743,879,511,537]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refId="ref38142" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D. Jr., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107." type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |