372 lines
53 KiB
XML
372 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6B05698E2FF78BA77E3C060AB305A3F8">Revalidation of Phalangomyia Dyar & Knab as a subgenus of Culex L. (Diptera: Culicidae) based on morphological and molecular evidence</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="22687EE4842CC8D65236425E7EDBAD6F">González, Christian R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="188869DD745D3EEFD240A90B0DEFE073">Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A1C2B72C3B8E6D9CCC16577F98457045">Reyes-Valenzuela, Carolina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4CAC5E31E237100E6A6F6F90C85FB50B">Laboratorio de Entomología, Sub-departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile. creyes @ ispch. cl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5554 - 1953</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="42CBA376951BA7FF4BDE7FB49CEFDE1D">Rossi, Gustavo C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AD58621B8776BA05321DC0615897C215">Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. (CEPAVE), CCT Conicet, La Plata, UNLP. La Plata, Argentina. gustavo @ cepave. edu. ar, https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1942 - 9857</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="640731B38960B80A5B90F94961CB8941">Laurito, Magdalena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="076089B766C4FB296DB8027B0B70A040">Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina. & mlaurito @ conicet. gov. ar; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6846 - 5029 & Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina. & * Corresponding author. mlaurito @ conicet. gov. ar</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03DA87FEFFB9607811C3B6B353E0FAC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762540" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209466211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762540" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DA87FEFFB9607811C3B6B353E0FAC6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DA87FEFFB9607811C3B6B353E0FAC6" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607811C3B6B353DFFF6C" ID-CoL="8BMH5" ID-ENA="571207" authority="Philippi, 1865" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,716,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicinus" subGenus="Phalangomyia">
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<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811C3B6B351CCFF6F" bold="true" box="[151,223,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811A4B6B350B3FF6F" bold="true" box="[240,416,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Phalangomyia</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607810E5B6B3530BFF6C" bold="true" box="[433,536,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">apicinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB96078134BB6B353DFFF6C" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[543,716,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref12033" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Ko ¨ niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782, 7 pls." type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C3696563FFB9607811C3B69F5018FF08" box="[151,267,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCC36E8FFB9607811C3B69F5018FF08" blockId="8.[151,716,151,213]" box="[151,267,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB9607811CBB69F5011FF08" box="[159,258,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetBox-2="[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@9.[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@10.[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetId-2="figure-20@11.[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Female of Culex apicinus. A, Head, antenna and maxillary palpus (lateral view); B, clypeus and maxillary palpus (frontal view); C, scutum; D, wing (distal portion); E, terga (pale banding). AcS, acrostichal setae; CE, compound eye; Clp, clypeus; DS, dorsocentral setae; Flm1, flagellomere 1; IV–VIII-Te, terga IV–VIII; MPlp, maxillary palpus; Occ, occiput; V, vertex. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Culex apicinus. A, Gonocoxopodite; B: subapical lobe of gonocoxite (setae); C, median lobe of gonocoxite (setae); D, gonostylus; E, phallosome and proctiger. BLA, basolateral arm; DA, dorsal arm; DP, dorsal process; dML, distal medial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; GC, gonostylar claw; Gs, gonostylus; LA, lateral arm; ML, median lobe; pML, proximal median lobe; Pr, proctiger; SL, subapical lobe; VA, ventral arm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Pupa (A, B) and fourth-instar larva (C) of Culex apicinus.A, trumpet; B, paddle; C, larva in dorsal view, and details. 1,2,3-C, setae of head; 1,2a, setae of siphon; 2-S, seta of siphon; CS, comb scales; PS, pecten spines." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762562" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762566" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762568" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7762562/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7762566/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7762568/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607811C3B7245314FECA" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[151,519,255,280]" page="596" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1865">
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607811C3B7245314FECA" ID-CoL="8BMH5" authority="Philippi, 1865: 596" authorityName="Philippi" authorityPageNumber="596" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,519,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicinus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811C3B7245021FECA" box="[151,306,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex apicinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781069B7245314FECA" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[317,519,255,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref12033" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Ko ¨ niglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782, 7 pls." type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865: 596</bibRefCitation>
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(A).
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locality:
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<collectingRegion id="49B7F80AFFB96078138AB724522AFEC5" box="[734,825,256,280]" country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Santiago</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3647678FFB96078121CB724526CFEC5" box="[840,895,256,280]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Chile</collectingCountry>
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(NE). Refs:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB96078155FB72455A1FECA" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[1035,1202,255,280]" page="360" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB96078155FB72455A1FECA" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[1035,1202,255,280]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" refId="ref10388" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Carnegie Institute Washington Publishing, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar 1928: 360</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(M*, F, L*, as
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB960781435B7245077FEEB" ID-CoL="62PZ8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB960781435B724548FFEC5" box="[1377,1436,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB960781184B73A5077FEEB" box="[208,356,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Phalangomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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));
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607810D6B73A5354FEEB" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[386,583,286,310]" page="206" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB9607810D6B73A5354FEEB" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[386,583,286,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" refId="ref10619" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">Edwards 1932: 206</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB960781325B73A53E5FEEB" ID-CoL="62PZ8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[625,758,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB960781325B73A53BFFEEB" box="[625,684,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607813EFB73A53E5FEEB" box="[699,758,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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));
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB960781241B73B52A7FEEB" author="Lane, J." box="[789,948,286,310]" page="341" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1953">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781241B73B52A7FEEB" author="Lane, J." box="[789,948,286,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" refId="ref11370" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vol. 1. Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 548 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane 1953: 341</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(M*, F, L*);
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB960781569B73A5412FEEB" author="Forattini, O. P." box="[1085,1281,286,310]" page="143" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1965">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781569B73A5412FEEB" author="Forattini, O. P." box="[1085,1281,286,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" refId="ref10718" refString="Forattini, O. P. (1965) Entomologia Medica. Editora da Universidad de SaTo Paulo, SaTo Paulo, 506 pp." type="book" year="1965">Forattini 1965: 143</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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(M*, F);
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB960781430B73B5033FE88" author="Bram, R. A." page="26" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1967">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781430B73B5033FE88" author="Bram, R. A." pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref9826" refString="Bram, R. A. (1967) Classification of Culex subgenus Culex in the New World (Diptera: Culicidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 120 (3557), 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="1967">Bram 1967: 26</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(M*, F, L; syn.);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781080B7195344FE88" author="Belkin, J. N." box="[468,599,317,341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref9610" refString="Belkin, J. N. (1968) Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae). IX. The type specimens of New World mosquitoes in European museums. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 3 (4), 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1968">Belkin, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8884AFFB960781330B7195382FE88" box="[612,657,317,341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">type</typeStatus>
|
||
info.).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E8FFB9607811C3B778506CFE6C" blockId="8.[151,1437,255,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311C6FFB9607811C3B778506CFE6C" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607811C3B7785363FEAE" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[151,624,347,372]" page="58" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1914">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607811C3B7785363FEAE" ID-CoL="89NS9" authority="Dyar & Knab, 1914: 58" authorityName="Dyar & Knab" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,624,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Phalangomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811C3B7785065FEA9" box="[151,374,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Phalangomyia debilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781029B7785363FEAE" author="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F." box="[381,624,347,372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="58 - 62" refId="ref10471" refString="Dyar, H. G. & Knab, F. (1914) New mosquitoes from Peru. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 2 (4), 58 - 62." type="journal article" year="1914">Dyar & Knab, 1914: 58</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(M*, F).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8884AFFB960781381B7785214FEA9" box="[725,775,348,372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Matucana, (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F80AFFB9607812B5B7785508FEA9" box="[993,1051,348,372]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Lima</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647678FFB96078157AB778554FFEAE" box="[1070,1116,348,371]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(USNM). Refs:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB96078145CB778548FFEA9" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[1288,1436,347,372]" page="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1926">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB96078145CB778548FFEA9" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[1288,1436,347,372]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="41 - 43" refId="ref10364" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1926) A note on Phalangomyia. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 14, 41 - 43." type="journal article" year="1926">Dyar 1926: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607811BFB75E50D9FE4F" ID-CoL="62PZ8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[235,458,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811BFB75E5035FE4F" box="[235,294,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB960781062B75E50D9FE4F" box="[310,458,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Phalangomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
));
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607810BCB75F539BFE4F" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[488,648,378,403]" page="359" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1928">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB9607810BCB75F539BFE4F" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[488,648,378,403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" refId="ref10388" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Carnegie Institute Washington Publishing, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar 1928: 359</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(M*, F, L*);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB960781247B75E52C8FE4F" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[787,987,378,402]" page="107" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1930">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781247B75E52C8FE4F" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[787,987,378,402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="77 - 120" refId="ref10550" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bibionidae, Scatopsidae, Cecidomyiidae, Culicidae, Thaumaleidae (Orphnephilidae), Anisopodidae (Rhyphidae). Fascicle 3. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Pt. 2. British Museum of Natural History, London, pp. 77 - 120." type="book chapter" year="1930">Edwards 1930: 107</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607812B2B75E555EFE4F" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[998,1101,378,402]" page="206" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1932">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB9607812B2B75E555EFE4F" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[998,1101,378,402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" refId="ref10619" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">1932: 206</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(syn. with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB960781594B75F548AFE4F" ID-CoL="8BMH5" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[1216,1433,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB960781594B75F542CFE4F" box="[1216,1343,379,402]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Cx. apicinus</emphasis>
|
||
Philippi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607811B7B7BD5074FE6C" ID-CoL="62PZ8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[227,359,409,433]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811B7B7BD500DFE6C" box="[227,286,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB960781078B7BD5074FE6C" box="[300,359,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E8FFB9607811C3B79C5420FE33" blockId="8.[151,1437,255,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311C6FFB9607811C3B79C5420FE33" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607811C3B79C50FBFE0D" author="Brethes, J." box="[151,488,440,464]" page="41" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1920">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607811C3B79C50FBFE0D" ID-CoL="88FC9" authority="Brethes, 1920: 41" authorityName="Brethes" authorityPageNumber="41" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,488,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escomeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811C3B79C5022FE0D" box="[151,305,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex escomeli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781062B79C50FBFE0D" author="Brethes, J." box="[310,488,440,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="41 - 43" refId="ref9867" refString="Brethes, J. (1920) Description d´un nouveau moustique du Perou. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 24, 41 - 43." type="journal article" year="1920">Brèthes, 1920: 41</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(M*, F).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8884AFFB960781313B79C536AFE0D" box="[583,633,440,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B7F80AFFB960781382B79C5224FE0D" box="[726,823,440,464]" country="Peru" name="Arequipa" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Arequipa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647678FFB960781214B79C527DFE12" box="[832,878,440,463]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NE). Refs:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607812BAB79C556DFE0D" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[1006,1150,439,464]" page="42" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1926">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB9607812BAB79C556DFE0D" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[1006,1150,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="41 - 43" refId="ref10364" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1926) A note on Phalangomyia. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus, 14, 41 - 43." type="journal article" year="1926">Dyar 1926: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607815F3B79C5496FE0D" ID-CoL="62PZ8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1191,1413,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607815F3B79C55F1FE0D" box="[1191,1250,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607815A5B79C5496FE0D" box="[1265,1413,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Phalangomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
));
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB960781193B7F35075FE33" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[199,358,470,495]" page="359" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1928">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781193B7F35075FE33" author="Dyar, H. G." box="[199,358,470,495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" refId="ref10388" refString="Dyar, H. G. (1928) The mosquitoes of the Americas. Carnegie Institute Washington Publishing, Washington, D. C., 616 pp." type="book" year="1928">Dyar 1928: 359</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(M*, F, L*);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607810A4B7F253A4FE33" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[496,695,470,494]" page="107" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1930">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB9607810A4B7F253A4FE33" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[496,695,470,494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="77 - 120" refId="ref10550" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bibionidae, Scatopsidae, Cecidomyiidae, Culicidae, Thaumaleidae (Orphnephilidae), Anisopodidae (Rhyphidae). Fascicle 3. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Pt. 2. British Museum of Natural History, London, pp. 77 - 120." type="book chapter" year="1930">Edwards 1930: 107</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB960781395B7F25234FE33" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[705,807,470,494]" page="206" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1932">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781395B7F25234FE33" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[705,807,470,494]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" refId="ref10619" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1932) Genera Insectorum. Diptera, Fam. Culicidae. Fascicle 194. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles [Brussels], 258 pp., 5 pls." type="book" year="1932">1932: 206</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(syn. with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607812CDB7F35562FE33" ID-CoL="8BMH5" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[921,1137,470,494]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607812CDB7F3550BFE33" box="[921,1048,471,494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Cx. apicinus</emphasis>
|
||
Philippi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607815C3B7F25408FE33" ID-CoL="62PZ8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1175,1307,470,494]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607815C3B7F255C1FE33" box="[1175,1234,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607815B4B7F25408FE33" box="[1248,1307,470,494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E8FFB9607811C3B7D15477FDF1" blockId="8.[151,1437,255,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6311C6FFB9607811C3B7D15477FDF1" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607811C3B7D1538BFDD0" author="Martini, E." box="[151,664,501,525]" page="216" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1931">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607811C3B7D1538BFDD0" ID-CoL="88DZS" authority="Martini, 1931: 216" authorityName="Martini" authorityPageNumber="216" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,664,501,525]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alticola" subGenus="Phalangomyia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811C3B7D151C1FDD0" box="[151,210,501,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811B5B7D15066FDD0" box="[225,373,501,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Phalangomyia</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607810D0B7D150C2FDD0" box="[388,465,501,525]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">alticola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB96078108CB7D1538BFDD0" author="Martini, E." box="[472,664,501,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="199 - 219" refId="ref11786" refString="Martini, E. (1931) Ueber einige s ¸ damerikanische Culiciden. Revista de Entomologia Rio de Janeiro, 1 (2), 199 - 219." type="journal article" year="1931">Martini, 1931: 216</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(A).
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C8884AFFB96078139AB7D15213FDD0" box="[718,768,501,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Serrata,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B0DFFB9607812E2B7D15518FDD1" box="[950,1035,501,525]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" unit="m" value="2300.0">2,300 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647678FFB960781542B7D15572FDD0" box="[1046,1121,501,525]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(NHM). Refs:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607815A8B7D1548FFDD0" author="Lane, J." box="[1276,1436,501,525]" page="341" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1953">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB9607815A8B7D1548FFDD0" author="Lane, J." box="[1276,1436,501,525]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" refId="ref11370" refString="Lane, J. (1953) Neotropical Culicidae. Vol. 1. Editora da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 548 pp." type="book" year="1953">Lane 1953: 341</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(M*, F, L; syn. with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607810CCB4305361FDF1" ID-CoL="8BMH5" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[408,626,532,556]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607810CCB4305304FDF6" box="[408,535,532,555]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Cx. apicinus</emphasis>
|
||
Philippi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB9607813D7B430523AFDF1" author="Stone, A." box="[643,809,531,556]" page="340" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1957">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB9607813D7B430523AFDF1" author="Stone, A." box="[643,809,531,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="333 - 344" refId="ref12425" refString="Stone, A. (1957) Corrections in the taxonomy and nomenclature of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58 (6), 333 - 344. [for 1956]" type="journal article" year="1957">Stone 1957: 340</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(M*);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB960781225B4305507FDF1" author="Belkin, J. N." box="[881,1044,531,556]" page="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB960781225B4305507FDF1" author="Belkin, J. N." box="[881,1044,531,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref9610" refString="Belkin, J. N. (1968) Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae). IX. The type specimens of New World mosquitoes in European museums. Contributions of the American Entomological Institute, 3 (4), 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1968">Belkin 1968: 12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(tax.);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD210F9FFB96078150AB43055EAFDF1" author="Bram, R. A." box="[1118,1273,531,556]" page="24" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" year="1967">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B19FFB96078150AB43055EAFDF1" author="Bram, R. A." box="[1118,1273,531,556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref9826" refString="Bram, R. A. (1967) Classification of Culex subgenus Culex in the New World (Diptera: Culicidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 120 (3557), 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="1967">Bram 1967: 24</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 27 (syn.).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696563FFB9607811C3B470554BFB2B" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E8FFB9607811C3B470554BFB2B" blockId="8.[151,1437,596,1307]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811C3B4705019FDB3" bold="true" box="[151,266,596,622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. Diagnostic morphological characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB96078125CB4715287FDB3" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[776,916,597,623]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB96078125CB4715287FDB3" box="[776,916,597,623]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Cx. apicinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, contrasted with other species of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C734D6BFFB9607811C3B45C51CBFD4F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,216,632,658]" class="Insecta" family="Culicidae" genus="Culex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607811C3B45C51CBFD4F" box="[151,216,632,658]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Culex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are as follows (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F10353FFB9607810DAB45C50F6FD4E" box="[398,485,632,659]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Diagnostic morphological characters of Culex (Phalangomyia) apicinus and comparison with species of Culex" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0C6660FFB6607711C3B6B351FDFF0E" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" tableUuid="DF0C6660FFB6607711C3B6B351FDFF0E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Adult: Flagellomere 1 of antenna with scales on median border (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB960781597B45C5408FD4E" box="[1219,1307,632,659]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Culex apicinus. A, Head, antenna and maxillary palpus (lateral view); B, clypeus and maxillary palpus (frontal view); C, scutum; D, wing (distal portion); E, terga (pale banding). AcS, acrostichal setae; CE, compound eye; Clp, clypeus; DS, dorsocentral setae; Flm1, flagellomere 1; IV–VIII-Te, terga IV–VIII; MPlp, maxillary palpus; Occ, occiput; V, vertex. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762562/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Proboscis longer than forefemur. Maxillary palpus of female dark brown, with white-scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB96078150CB4B855CAFD6A" box="[1112,1241,668,695]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Culex apicinus. A, Head, antenna and maxillary palpus (lateral view); B, clypeus and maxillary palpus (frontal view); C, scutum; D, wing (distal portion); E, terga (pale banding). AcS, acrostichal setae; CE, compound eye; Clp, clypeus; DS, dorsocentral setae; Flm1, flagellomere 1; IV–VIII-Te, terga IV–VIII; MPlp, maxillary palpus; Occ, occiput; V, vertex. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762562/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scutum with 2 narrow denuded stripes between acrostichal and dorsocentral setae; acrostichal, dorsocentral, and supra-alar setae dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB960781072B4C0506EFD22" box="[294,381,740,767]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Culex apicinus. A, Head, antenna and maxillary palpus (lateral view); B, clypeus and maxillary palpus (frontal view); C, scutum; D, wing (distal portion); E, terga (pale banding). AcS, acrostichal setae; CE, compound eye; Clp, clypeus; DS, dorsocentral setae; Flm1, flagellomere 1; IV–VIII-Te, terga IV–VIII; MPlp, maxillary palpus; Occ, occiput; V, vertex. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762562/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wing with white scale-spot near middle of veins M
|
||
<subScript id="17F734ADFFB960781298B4D352C7FCD8" attach="left" box="[972,980,759,773]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">2</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17F734ADFFB960781576B4D35539FCD8" attach="left" box="[1058,1066,759,773]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">3</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB96078156DB4C05581FD22" box="[1081,1170,740,767]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Culex apicinus. A, Head, antenna and maxillary palpus (lateral view); B, clypeus and maxillary palpus (frontal view); C, scutum; D, wing (distal portion); E, terga (pale banding). AcS, acrostichal setae; CE, compound eye; Clp, clypeus; DS, dorsocentral setae; Flm1, flagellomere 1; IV–VIII-Te, terga IV–VIII; MPlp, maxillary palpus; Occ, occiput; V, vertex. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762562/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forefemur (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B0DFFB96078147FB4C151D7FCFE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.62" metricValueMax="3.01" metricValueMin="2.23" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" unit="mm" value="2.62" valueMax="3.01" valueMin="2.23">2.23–3.01 mm</quantity>
|
||
) longer than foretarsomere 1 (1.00–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8B9B0DFFB96078133CB52D53C0FCFE" box="[616,723,777,803]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.84" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" unit="mm" value="1.84">1.84 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Foretarsomere 1 as long as sum of length of foretarsomeres 2–5. Terga II‒VII dark brown-scaled with a complete basal band of pale scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB960781574B5085565FC9A" box="[1056,1142,812,839]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-20@9.[180,1407,181,1856]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. Female of Culex apicinus. A, Head, antenna and maxillary palpus (lateral view); B, clypeus and maxillary palpus (frontal view); C, scutum; D, wing (distal portion); E, terga (pale banding). AcS, acrostichal setae; CE, compound eye; Clp, clypeus; DS, dorsocentral setae; Flm1, flagellomere 1; IV–VIII-Te, terga IV–VIII; MPlp, maxillary palpus; Occ, occiput; V, vertex. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762562" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762562/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female genitalia: Upper vaginal lip and sclerite strongly sclerotized, cerci longer than postgenital lobe. Male genitalia: Tergum VIII deeply emarginate. Gonocoxite with 8–20 strong apicolateral setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB960781213B55052B0FC52" box="[839,931,884,911]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Culex apicinus. A, Gonocoxopodite; B: subapical lobe of gonocoxite (setae); C, median lobe of gonocoxite (setae); D, gonostylus; E, phallosome and proctiger. BLA, basolateral arm; DA, dorsal arm; DP, dorsal process; dML, distal medial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; GC, gonostylar claw; Gs, gonostylus; LA, lateral arm; ML, median lobe; pML, proximal median lobe; Pr, proctiger; SL, subapical lobe; VA, ventral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762566/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subapical lobe with 2 setae: A large leaflet with serration on distal margin and ending in a long filament (seta
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB9607812D1B5BC5280FC6F" box="[901,915,920,946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">h</emphasis>
|
||
), and the other tubular, ending in 2 open arms (seta
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB960781180B59951F1FC0B" box="[212,226,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">g</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB9607811AFB5985047FC0A" box="[251,340,956,983]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Culex apicinus. A, Gonocoxopodite; B: subapical lobe of gonocoxite (setae); C, median lobe of gonocoxite (setae); D, gonostylus; E, phallosome and proctiger. BLA, basolateral arm; DA, dorsal arm; DP, dorsal process; dML, distal medial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; GC, gonostylar claw; Gs, gonostylus; LA, lateral arm; ML, median lobe; pML, proximal median lobe; Pr, proctiger; SL, subapical lobe; VA, ventral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762566/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Median lobe partially divided: Larger proximal part bearing 9–28 strong rod-like setae and 2–3 normal setae and the small distal part bearing a strong apically hooked seta, a longer stout seta with a bent fimbriate apex and a shorter stout seta with tip bifurcate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB9607813E6B2205218FBC2" box="[690,779,1028,1055]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Culex apicinus. A, Gonocoxopodite; B: subapical lobe of gonocoxite (setae); C, median lobe of gonocoxite (setae); D, gonostylus; E, phallosome and proctiger. BLA, basolateral arm; DA, dorsal arm; DP, dorsal process; dML, distal medial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; GC, gonostylar claw; Gs, gonostylus; LA, lateral arm; ML, median lobe; pML, proximal median lobe; Pr, proctiger; SL, subapical lobe; VA, ventral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762566/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gonostylus with a spiny apical crest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB96078159DB2205437FBC2" box="[1225,1316,1028,1055]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Culex apicinus. A, Gonocoxopodite; B: subapical lobe of gonocoxite (setae); C, median lobe of gonocoxite (setae); D, gonostylus; E, phallosome and proctiger. BLA, basolateral arm; DA, dorsal arm; DP, dorsal process; dML, distal medial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; GC, gonostylar claw; Gs, gonostylus; LA, lateral arm; ML, median lobe; pML, proximal median lobe; Pr, proctiger; SL, subapical lobe; VA, ventral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762566/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), with 5–8 subapical setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB960781006B20C50BDFB9E" box="[338,430,1064,1091]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Culex apicinus. A, Gonocoxopodite; B: subapical lobe of gonocoxite (setae); C, median lobe of gonocoxite (setae); D, gonostylus; E, phallosome and proctiger. BLA, basolateral arm; DA, dorsal arm; DP, dorsal process; dML, distal medial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; GC, gonostylar claw; Gs, gonostylus; LA, lateral arm; ML, median lobe; pML, proximal median lobe; Pr, proctiger; SL, subapical lobe; VA, ventral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762566/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal arm of phallosome short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB960781268B20C5287FB9E" box="[828,916,1064,1091]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Culex apicinus. A, Gonocoxopodite; B: subapical lobe of gonocoxite (setae); C, median lobe of gonocoxite (setae); D, gonostylus; E, phallosome and proctiger. BLA, basolateral arm; DA, dorsal arm; DP, dorsal process; dML, distal medial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; GC, gonostylar claw; Gs, gonostylus; LA, lateral arm; ML, median lobe; pML, proximal median lobe; Pr, proctiger; SL, subapical lobe; VA, ventral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762566/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paraproct with a small basolateral arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB96078143BB20C51AAFBBA" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Culex apicinus. A, Gonocoxopodite; B: subapical lobe of gonocoxite (setae); C, median lobe of gonocoxite (setae); D, gonostylus; E, phallosome and proctiger. BLA, basolateral arm; DA, dorsal arm; DP, dorsal process; dML, distal medial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; GC, gonostylar claw; Gs, gonostylus; LA, lateral arm; ML, median lobe; pML, proximal median lobe; Pr, proctiger; SL, subapical lobe; VA, ventral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762566/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
), with 7–20 cercal setae not visible in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB960781324B26853D5FBBA" box="[624,710,1100,1127]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1668,1692]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetId="figure-18@10.[156,1430,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male genitalia of Culex apicinus. A, Gonocoxopodite; B: subapical lobe of gonocoxite (setae); C, median lobe of gonocoxite (setae); D, gonostylus; E, phallosome and proctiger. BLA, basolateral arm; DA, dorsal arm; DP, dorsal process; dML, distal medial lobe; Gc, gonocoxite; GC, gonostylar claw; Gs, gonostylus; LA, lateral arm; ML, median lobe; pML, proximal median lobe; Pr, proctiger; SL, subapical lobe; VA, ventral arm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762566" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762566/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<superScript id="7C069BA0FFB96078138FB2695215FB87" attach="left" box="[731,774,1100,1127]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">IXth</superScript>
|
||
tergal lobe with 2–13 setae in 1 or 2 rows. Pupa: Trumpet conical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB9607811ACB2545043FB56" box="[248,336,1136,1163]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa (A, B) and fourth-instar larva (C) of Culex apicinus.A, trumpet; B, paddle; C, larva in dorsal view, and details. 1,2,3-C, setae of head; 1,2a, setae of siphon; 2-S, seta of siphon; CS, comb scales; PS, pecten spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762568/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) opening wide, large and oval. At least alveolus of seta 13-III–VI present and paddle with minute spicules on the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB9607810E5B2B0531FFB72" box="[433,524,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa (A, B) and fourth-instar larva (C) of Culex apicinus.A, trumpet; B, paddle; C, larva in dorsal view, and details. 1,2,3-C, setae of head; 1,2a, setae of siphon; 2-S, seta of siphon; CS, comb scales; PS, pecten spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762568/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva (fourth instar): Head, segment X and siphon heavily tanned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB960781460B2B0549CFB72" box="[1332,1423,1172,1199]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa (A, B) and fourth-instar larva (C) of Culex apicinus.A, trumpet; B, paddle; C, larva in dorsal view, and details. 1,2,3-C, setae of head; 1,2a, setae of siphon; 2-S, seta of siphon; CS, comb scales; PS, pecten spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762568/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Siphon unique (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13482A6DFFB96078101EB29C50B1FB0E" box="[330,418,1208,1235]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1969,1993]" captionTargetBox="[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[300,1287,181,1944]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pupa (A, B) and fourth-instar larva (C) of Culex apicinus.A, trumpet; B, paddle; C, larva in dorsal view, and details. 1,2,3-C, setae of head; 1,2a, setae of siphon; 2-S, seta of siphon; CS, comb scales; PS, pecten spines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762568" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762568/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as follows: siphon index 2.50–3.33 (mean 2.94), pecten on basal 0.60, with 5–11 spines, seta 1-S usually in 5 pairs, 1a, 1b-S inserted between pecten spines, 1e/f-S out of line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3696563FFB960781193B32453E0FAC6" box="[199,755,1280,1307]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCC36E8FFB960781193B32453E0FAC6" blockId="8.[151,1437,596,1307]" box="[199,755,1280,1307]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">
|
||
<emphasis id="B907EAFAFFB960781193B324504AFAC7" bold="true" box="[199,345,1280,1306]" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647678FFB960781033B32450CAFAC7" box="[359,473,1280,1306]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647678FFB9607810B1B3245329FAC7" box="[485,570,1280,1306]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647678FFB960781311B3245391FAC7" box="[581,642,1280,1306]" name="Chile" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3647678FFB9607813ECB32553FCFAC6" box="[696,751,1281,1307]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="552">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |