650 lines
132 KiB
XML
650 lines
132 KiB
XML
<document id="3DBFA8FBAF43EEDD7CA65BDE391617CE" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3949.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fc3cf76f-7fdf-4ce0-a856-8ff2439e0e94" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="242405" ID-ZooBank="E9F66C37-C632-443A-88DD-21CD10C28FC4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461047730201" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kluge, Nikita J." docDate="2015" docId="038387DDD93AFFC5ECDD18B3FDA3B8D5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03949p514.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3949 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum Elouard & Hideux 1991" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="505" masterDocId="FFBAFFA5D939FFCBEC4A1C6FFFFDBF6D" masterDocTitle="First description of winged stages of Thraulobaetodes Elouard & Hideux 1991 and reclassification of Rhithrocloeoninae (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)" masterLastPageNumber="514" masterPageNumber="491" pageNumber="494" updateTime="1698577624232" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="971F532032BD7541475794DAEF62D912">First description of winged stages of Thraulobaetodes Elouard & Hideux 1991 and reclassification of Rhithrocloeoninae (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3DA6F28E9CF435686B9D803CAE9C57D6">Kluge, Nikita J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E5127BF237A8D83DA4866A0F7237BC06">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="163FCC034D21F34DFC555A662952C375">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E348876C1E89B5BB35FB366A12845D94">3949</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038387DDD93AFFC5ECDD18B3FDA3B8D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6119340" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119611172" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6119340" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038387DDD93AFFC5ECDD18B3FDA3B8D5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038387DDD93AFFC5ECDD18B3FDA3B8D5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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<subSubSection id="C3306540D93AFFC8ECDD18B3FDBBBA31" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93AFFC8ECDD18B3FCB1BB9B" blockId="3.[151,844,1244,1303]" box="[151,844,1244,1270]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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<heading id="D0DD81A7D93AFFC8ECDD18B3FCB1BB9B" bold="true" box="[151,844,1244,1270]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D93AFFC8ECDD18B3FCB1BB9B" ID-CoL="56LJQ" authority="Elouard & Hideux 1991" authorityName="Elouard & Hideux" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,844,1244,1270]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
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<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93AFFC8ECDD18B3FCB1BB9B" bold="true" box="[151,844,1244,1270]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93AFFC8ECDD18B3FDE7BB9B" bold="true" box="[151,538,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD93AFFC8EE6B18B3FCB1BB9B" author="Elouard" box="[545,844,1244,1270]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" refString="Elouard, J. - M. & Hideux, P. (1991) Mayflies of West Africa. Thraulobaetodes, an atypic new genus of crawling Baetidae. In: Alba-Tercedor J. & Sanchez-Ortega A. (Eds). Overview and strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, pp. 169 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1991">Elouard & Hideux 1991</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93AFFC8ECDD1891FEE5BA7A" blockId="3.[151,844,1244,1303]" box="[151,280,1278,1303]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93AFFC8ECD51891FEEDBA7A" box="[159,272,1278,1303]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStart-2="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStart-3="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStart-4="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStart-5="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStart-6="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStart-7="FIGURES 45 – 48" captionStartId-0="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionStartId-5="10.[151,264,1598,1621]" captionStartId-6="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionStartId-7="12.[151,264,1653,1676]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1435,193,1880]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetBox-4="[156,1409,214,1931]" captionTargetBox-5="[157,1431,206,1566]" captionTargetBox-6="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetBox-7="[170,1416,193,1631]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1892]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[154,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1577]" captionTargetId-6="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetId-7="figure@12.[170,1416,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="11" captionTargetPageId-7="12" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 10. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 7, superlinguae; 8, hypopharynx and maxilla (arrow shows 3 rd segment of maxillary palp); 9, labium; 10, right mandible." captionText-2="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." captionText-3="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." captionText-4="FIGURES 25 – 30. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27 – 29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture." captionText-5="FIGURES 31 – 37. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; m. gs, gonostylar muscle; m. gv 1, m. gv 2, muscles of gonovectis; m. s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger." captionText-6="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." captionText-7="FIGURES 45 – 48. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 45, 46, subimaginal exuviae spread on slide (on the same scale): 45, left half of mesonotum; 46, part of mesopleuron and metapleuron, with fragments of fore and middle legs. 47, 48, egg and its enlarged fragment (extracted from female imago). Abbreviation: psa, postsubalar sclerite of mesothorax." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/242407/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/242413/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Figs 1–48</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93AFFC8ECDD1929FDBBBA31" blockId="3.[151,582,1350,1372]" box="[151,582,1350,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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Reference:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD93AFFC8ED411929FDFFBA31" author="Elouard" box="[267,514,1350,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" refString="Elouard, J. - M. & Hideux, P. (1991) Mayflies of West Africa. Thraulobaetodes, an atypic new genus of crawling Baetidae. In: Alba-Tercedor J. & Sanchez-Ortega A. (Eds). Overview and strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, pp. 169 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1991">Elouard & Hideux 1991</bibRefCitation>
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: larva.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3306540D93AFFC5ECDD19E6FB5CBF95" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93AFFC8ECDD19E6FAB6BAAB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1417,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93AFFC8ECDD19E6FE77BACF" bold="true" box="[151,394,1417,1442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD93AFFC8EDD619E5FDF0BACF" box="[412,525,1418,1442]" name="Zambia" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">ZAMBIA</collectingCountry>
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, Mwinilunga District, Lwakela River,
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<quantity id="4CD29B2ED93AFFC8EFBA19E5FBBCBACF" box="[1008,1089,1417,1442]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" unit="km" value="22.0">22 km</quantity>
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N Mwinilunga,
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<date id="FF94100BD93AFFC8E95319E6FED1BAAB" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" value="2014-08-06" valueMax="2014-08-18" valueMin="2014-08-06">6 and 18– 21.VIII.2014</date>
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, coll. N. Kluge and L. Sheyko: 1 L-S-I♂, 1 L-S♂, 1 L-S-I♀,
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<date id="FF94100BD93AFFC8EF9319C1FC06BAA8" box="[985,1019,1454,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">2 I</date>
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♀,
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<specimenCount id="9D2CFD42D93AFFC8E85119C1FB78BAAB" box="[1051,1157,1453,1478]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" type="larva">74 larvae</specimenCount>
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, 8 larval exuviae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93AFFC8EC8D19BEFE88B9F3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1417,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93AFFC8EC8D19BEFE77BA87" bold="true" box="[199,394,1489,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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<typeStatus id="54918869D93AFFC8EC8D19BEFEFFBA87" box="[199,258,1489,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Type</typeStatus>
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specimens.
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</emphasis>
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According to the original description,
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<typeStatus id="54918869D93AFFC8EF0A19BEFC5FBA87" box="[832,930,1489,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(larva) is deposited in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturel de Paris in
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<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD93AFFC8EDA81999FDD3B960" box="[482,558,1526,1549]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">France</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD93AFFC8EE76199AFCB2B963" author="Elouard" box="[572,847,1525,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" refString="Elouard, J. - M. & Hideux, P. (1991) Mayflies of West Africa. Thraulobaetodes, an atypic new genus of crawling Baetidae. In: Alba-Tercedor J. & Sanchez-Ortega A. (Eds). Overview and strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, pp. 169 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1991">Elouard & Hideux 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). One of three
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<typeStatus id="54918869D93AFFC8EFBF1999FB9CB963" box="[1013,1121,1526,1550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(female larva of last instar), in the original description was reported as kept in the personal collection of the author; recently it is deposited in the Musée cantonal de zoologie in Lausanne,
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<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD93AFFC8EEF31A52FCBFB93B" box="[697,834,1597,1622]" name="Switzerland" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
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, catalog number
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<collectionCode id="ED3BAE0ED93AFFC8E85A1A51FBB6B938" box="[1040,1099,1598,1621]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pm5v-0p6q" name="Musee Zoologique" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">MZL</collectionCode>
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17504 (M. Sartori, personal communication); figures of mouthparts, legs, protoptera and tergalii in the original description have been made from this specimen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93AFFC8EC8D1AC6FD33B843" blockId="3.[151,1437,1417,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93AFFC8EC8D1AC6FE1EB9AF" bold="true" box="[199,483,1705,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
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Descriptions.
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<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93AFFC8ED261AC6FE21B9AC" bold="true" box="[364,476,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">All stages</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Larva, subimago and imago of both sexes have the same unpaired median crest on anterior part of mesonotum (
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<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93AFFC8EDAE1AA2FD96B98B" box="[484,619,1741,1766]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Figs 12, 14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93AFFC8EE301AA1FD65B98B" box="[634,664,1742,1766]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">19</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93AFFC8EEED1AA1FD0EB98B" box="[679,755,1742,1766]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">42–44</figureCitation>
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); in all stages this crest is high and flat (
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<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93AFFC8E8981AA2FAD5B98B" box="[1234,1320,1741,1766]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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), rounded apically and steeply terminated posteriorly, often colored by brown with light blank posteriorly at base, that gives an illusion of a hook directed posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93AFFC8EE241B7AFD3CB843" box="[622,705,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93AFFCFEC8D1B55FD20BE08" blockId="3.[151,1437,1417,2018]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="495" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93AFFC8EC8D1B55FEEFB83F" bold="true" box="[199,274,1849,1874]" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93AFFC8EC8D1B55FEF6B83C" bold="true" box="[199,267,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Larva</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
CUTICULAR COLORATION: Head brown, frons between eyes with irregular transverse darker and lighter stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93AFFC8ED751B32FE6EB81B" box="[319,403,1885,1910]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum and mesonotum brown, with variable darker and lighter maculation, mesonotum usually with characteristic blank behind dark brown anterior-median crest (see above) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93AFFC8E8341BEEFB2EB8F7" box="[1150,1235,1921,1946]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thoracic pleura and sterna with brown sclerites and colorless membranes. Legs diffusively darkened on outer side, lighter on inner side; femur sometimes with wide median spot (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93AFFC8EEEE1BA6FD08B88F" box="[676,757,1993,2018]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="494">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
) or band. Abdominal terga either nearly entirely dark brown, or brown with following light blanks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEE051CF8FD58BFDD" box="[591,677,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
): tergum I lighter than others; each tergum II–IV can have pair of diffusive sublateral blanks; tergum IV can have unpaired median blank (absent on
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE8191CD3FB55BFB9" box="[1107,1192,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
); tergum V can have wide, transverse median blank; terga VI–VIII can have pair of sublateral roundish blanks, smaller on tergum VI and larger on tergum VIII, sometimes also with larger or smaller median blank (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE8561D6BFB92BE71" box="[1052,1135,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
); some terga can have pair of lateral blanks; in some individuals terga VIII–X light. Ventral side of abdomen gradually changes from colorless anteriorly to light brown posteriorly. Cerci unicolor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93DFFCFEC8D1D1FFC78BEE5" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,901,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">HYPODERMAL COLORATION: Not visible through cuticle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93DFFCFEC8D1DFBFAD2BEBD" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3BAE0ED93DFFCFEC8D1DFBFEDDBEC1" box="[199,288,404,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">SHAPE</collectionCode>
|
||
AND SETATION: General shape of «
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D93DFFCFEE931DFBFCB0BEC0" box="[729,845,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Acentrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93DFFCFEE931DFBFCB0BEC0" box="[729,845,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Acentrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="54918869D93DFFCFEF1E1DFAFC74BEC0" box="[852,905,405,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">type</typeStatus>
|
||
», i.e. adapted for crawling, flattened ventrally, with robust legs, shortened abdomen, reduced paracercus and reduced swimming setae of cerci (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE8841DD8FADCBEBD" box="[1230,1313,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93DFFCFEC8D1DB3FAB4BC79" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
Head relatively large; frons between antennal bases wide and flat; frontal suture forming nearly right angle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFECD51D90FF01BD75" box="[159,252,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clypeus with rounded lateral margins; labrum rounded, with pair of submedian setae and 5–7 submarginal setae on each side, either forming a row, or situated irregularly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE85A1E4BFBA9BD51" box="[1040,1108,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandibles triangular, with nearly straight outer margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFED961E28FDD2BD0D" box="[476,559,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1892]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 7, superlinguae; 8, hypopharynx and maxilla (arrow shows 3 rd segment of maxillary palp); 9, labium; 10, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242407/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
); left prostheca massive, terminated by 3 stout distal denticles and 2–3 slender proximal denticles; right prostheca slender, curved and terminated by 2 slender denticles; both mandibles with dense setae on inner margin proximad of prostheca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEEB01EE0FC99BDC5" box="[762,868,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Superlinguae and hypopharynx as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE9641EE0FA6ABDC5" box="[1326,1431,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1892]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 7, superlinguae; 8, hypopharynx and maxilla (arrow shows 3 rd segment of maxillary palp); 9, labium; 10, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242407/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
|
||
. Maxilla with three canines and distal dentiseta stout and brought together, forming terminal "four teeth" (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE9021EDBFA73BDA0" box="[1352,1422,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxillary palp either 2-segmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEE601EB8FD93BD9D" box="[554,622,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), or with a minute 3rd segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEFAA1EB8FBD4BD9D" box="[992,1065,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE87F1EB7FBB8BD9D" box="[1077,1093,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1892]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 7, superlinguae; 8, hypopharynx and maxilla (arrow shows 3 rd segment of maxillary palp); 9, labium; 10, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242407/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labium with narrow glossae and paraglossae; labial palp with 2nd segment not widened, 3rd segment small, its muscle retained (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE8BD1E93FAC1BC79" box="[1271,1340,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93DFFCFEC8D1F70FED3BA15" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
Neck articulation with unusual structure: border between neck membrane and pronotum forms deep rectangular incision, inserted into pronotum and bordered by pair of longitudinal ridges, so that pronotum appears to have a pair of pointed lateral projections directed anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEF101F08FC20BCED" box="[858,989,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 19, 20</figureCitation>
|
||
); pointed apices of these projections are articulated with lateral cervical sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEE371FE3FD2EBCC9" box="[637,723,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior part of pronotum with pair of longitudinal crests shallow anteriorly and steeply terminated posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEEB01FC0FC81BCA5" box="[762,892,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 11, 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEFC31FDFFC55BCA5" box="[905,936,944,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Anterior part of mesonotum with unpaired longitudinal crest steeply terminated posteriorly (as in winged stages—see above) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE82C1FBBFB12BC81" box="[1126,1263,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 12, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE8B51FBBFAE3BC81" box="[1279,1310,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior margin of mesonotum between protoptera bent dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEF5B1F98FC9ABB7D" box="[785,871,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEF391F97FC6FBB7D" box="[883,914,1016,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">19</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metanotum with high median spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE90B1F98FF4BBB58" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 12, 15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD93DFFCFEC861873FEF9BB58" box="[204,260,1052,1077]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
protoptera small and narrow, widened in proximal part; when hind wing is developed under cuticle of protopteron, its costal process is pressed to costal margin and locates within proximal widening of protopteron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFECD5180BFF09BB10" box="[159,244,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs strong, with thick femora. Outer margin of femur with irregular row of long setae; most of these setae with proximal part rigid, and distal part very thin and soft; 3 or 4 most distal setae entirely rigid, with small widening at apex; 2 most distal of them attached nearly equidistantly from apex of femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE8C818C3FB28BBA8" box="[1154,1237,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[156,1409,214,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27 – 29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tibia of fore leg without any trace of patella-tibial suture (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEE2218A0FD41BB85" box="[616,700,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tibia of middle and hind leg with modified patella-tibial suture, which stretches along tibia and gradually disappears on its anterior side, not reaching inner side and not forming apical bent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFED681978FE87BA5D" box="[290,378,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEDCD1977FE58BA5D" box="[391,421,1304,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">21</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEDF81978FE2FBA5D" box="[434,466,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[156,1409,214,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27 – 29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">25</figureCitation>
|
||
). Few spine-like setae on apical part of inner side of tibia. Tarsus with regular row of spine-like setae on inner side. Claw with two equal and symmetrical rows of denticles, with two subapical setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFECD51930FEDCBA15" box="[159,289,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[156,1409,214,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27 – 29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 25, 26</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93DFFCFEC8D19EBFDA0B845" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
Each abdominal tergum I–IX with median spine similar to spine on metanotum; spines of anterior segments highest, spine on segment IX small or absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEEE119C8FCD2BAAD" box="[683,815,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 12, 17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEF7719C7FCA1BAAD" box="[829,860,1448,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">18</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal terga much wider than sterna; lateral parts of each abdominal tergite spread on ventral side of abdomen, so that bases of tergalii located ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE92019A3FF1FB965" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Figs 12, 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal terga and sterna lack scales or scale nests (as well as other body parts); posterior margins of tergites II–X with more or less developed elongate triangular denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEF961A7BFBCEB941" box="[988,1075,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior margins of sternites without denticles. Paraproct with small denticles on posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEFF51A58FBEBB93D" box="[959,1046,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergalii I absent. Tergalii II–VII attached on ventral side of abdomen, always directed ventrally, with numerous (about 7–12) non-branched apical processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFED581A10FE9BB9F5" box="[274,358,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both costal and anal ribs completely lost. Tracheae in tergalius bush-like, without main trunk, with branch entering each process. Tergalii capable of respiratory movements (see below). Paracercus vestigial, non-segmented (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFED191AA8FE55B98D" box="[339,424,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Primary swimming setae on inner margins of cerci vestigial: segments of proximal and distal part of cercus lack swimming setae, each segment of middle part of cercus with row of few (up to 6 or 7) weak setae. For male genitals see below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93DFFCFEC8D1B5BFCA3B8D4" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">
|
||
RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS: Tergalii able to make respiratory movements: they synchronously move from position directed ventrally perpendicular to body axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFEF021B38FC61B81D" box="[840,924,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
), to turn posteriorly and press to sterna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED93DFFCFE9251B38FF4BB8F9" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="495">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). In making such movements with tergalii, larva often raises its abdomen up, sometimes bends it on back, so that tergalii, being attached ventrally, appear to be directed dorsally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF556643D93CFFCEECDD1B2AFCA5B8F7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="496" targetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93CFFCEECDD1B2AFCA5B8F7" blockId="5.[151,1436,1861,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93CFFCEECDD1B2AFEC6B836" bold="true" box="[151,315,1861,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D93CFFCEED0B1B29FD7EB831" box="[321,643,1862,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93CFFCEED0B1B29FD7EB831" box="[321,643,1862,1884]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="496">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF556643D93FFFCDECDD1B16FC13B8C3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242407/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" targetBox="[162,1435,193,1880]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93FFFCDECDD1B16FC13B8C3" blockId="6.[151,1436,1913,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93FFFCDECDD1B16FEBAB8E3" bold="true" box="[151,327,1913,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">FIGURES 7–10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D93FFFCDED041B16FD72B8E2" box="[334,655,1913,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93FFFCDED041B16FD72B8E2" box="[334,655,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="497">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 7, superlinguae; 8, hypopharynx and maxilla (arrow shows 3rd segment of maxillary palp); 9, labium; 10, right mandible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF556643D93EFFCCECDD1A49FAA3B917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="498" targetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD93EFFCCECDD1A49FAA3B917" blockId="7.[151,1436,1574,1658]" pageId="7" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93EFFCCECDD1A49FEAEB951" bold="true" box="[151,339,1574,1597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="498">FIGURES 11–17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D93EFFCCED101A48FD66B950" box="[346,667,1575,1597]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D93EFFCCED101A48FD66B950" box="[346,667,1575,1597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="498">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF556643D931FFC3ECDD1A83FCDAB82D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="499" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD931FFC3ECDD1A83FCDAB82D" blockId="8.[151,1435,1772,1856]" pageId="8" pageNumber="499">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D931FFC3ECDD1A83FEA8B86F" bold="true" box="[151,341,1772,1795]" pageId="8" pageNumber="499">FIGURES 18–24.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D931FFC3ED161A83FD63B86E" box="[348,670,1772,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="499" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D931FFC3ED161A83FD63B86E" box="[348,670,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="499">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I–IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF556643D930FFC2ECDD1BCFFAD4B899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="500" targetBox="[156,1409,214,1931]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD930FFC2ECDD1BCFFAD4B899" blockId="9.[151,1436,1952,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="500">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D930FFC2ECDD1BCFFEAAB8DB" bold="true" box="[151,343,1952,1975]" pageId="9" pageNumber="500">FIGURES 25–30.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D930FFC2ED2B1BCEFD58B8DA" box="[353,677,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="500" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D930FFC2ED2B1BCEFD58B8DA" box="[353,677,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="500">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27–29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF556643D933FFC1ECDD1A51FDA0B861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="501" targetBox="[157,1431,206,1566]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD933FFC1ECDD1A51FDA0B861" blockId="10.[151,1436,1598,1804]" pageId="10" pageNumber="501">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D933FFC1ECDD1A51FEAEB939" bold="true" box="[151,339,1598,1621]" pageId="10" pageNumber="501">FIGURES 31–37.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D933FFC1ED121A51FD64B938" box="[344,665,1598,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="501" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D933FFC1ED121A51FD64B938" box="[344,665,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="501">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs1, gs2, gs3, segments of gonostylus; m.gs, gonostylar muscle; m.gv1, m.gv2, muscles of gonovectis; m.s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF556643D932FFC0ECDD1B5BFE21B8CA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="502" targetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD932FFC0ECDD1B5BFE21B8CA" blockId="11.[151,1436,1844,1959]" pageId="11" pageNumber="502">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D932FFC0ECDD1B5BFEABB827" bold="true" box="[151,342,1844,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="502">FIGURES 38–44.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D932FFC0ED151B5AFD5EB826" box="[351,675,1845,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="502" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D932FFC0ED151B5AFD5EB826" box="[351,675,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="502">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF556643D935FFC7ECDD1A1AFB46B9A4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242413/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="503" targetBox="[170,1416,193,1631]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD935FFC7ECDD1A1AFB46B9A4" blockId="12.[151,1436,1653,1737]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D935FFC7ECDD1A1AFEABB9E6" bold="true" box="[151,342,1653,1676]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">FIGURES 45–48.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D935FFC7ED171A1AFD5DB9E1" box="[349,672,1653,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="503" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D935FFC7ED171A1AFD5DB9E1" box="[349,672,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 45, 46, subimaginal exuviae spread on slide (on the same scale): 45, left half of mesonotum; 46, part of mesopleuron and metapleuron, with fragments of fore and middle legs. 47, 48, egg and its enlarged fragment (extracted from female imago). Abbreviation: psa, postsubalar sclerite of mesothorax.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD935FFC7EC8D1A9FFD34B818" blockId="12.[151,1436,1776,2017]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D935FFC7EC8D1A9FFEBFB864" bold="true" box="[199,322,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Subimago.</emphasis>
|
||
CUTICULAR COLORATION. Pronotum and mesonotum light brow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED935FFC7E8371A9FFB28B864" box="[1149,1237,1776,1801]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1653,1676]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[170,1416,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 48. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 45, 46, subimaginal exuviae spread on slide (on the same scale): 45, left half of mesonotum; 46, part of mesopleuron and metapleuron, with fragments of fore and middle legs. 47, 48, egg and its enlarged fragment (extracted from female imago). Abbreviation: psa, postsubalar sclerite of mesothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242413/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thoracic sterna and pleura with light membranes and brown sclerites; posterior part of postsubalar sclerite with concave dorsal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED935FFC7ECBF1B57FEB4B83C" box="[245,329,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1653,1676]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[170,1416,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 48. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 45, 46, subimaginal exuviae spread on slide (on the same scale): 45, left half of mesonotum; 46, part of mesopleuron and metapleuron, with fragments of fore and middle legs. 47, 48, egg and its enlarged fragment (extracted from female imago). Abbreviation: psa, postsubalar sclerite of mesothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242413/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wings gray. Cuticle of legs nearly uniformly light brownish (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED935FFC7E8431B57FBA3B83C" box="[1033,1118,1848,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1653,1676]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[170,1416,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 48. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 45, 46, subimaginal exuviae spread on slide (on the same scale): 45, left half of mesonotum; 46, part of mesopleuron and metapleuron, with fragments of fore and middle legs. 47, 48, egg and its enlarged fragment (extracted from female imago). Abbreviation: psa, postsubalar sclerite of mesothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242413/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cuticle of abdominal terga light brownish, cuticle of sterna somewhat lighter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD935FFC7EC8D1BEEFC5FB8F4" blockId="12.[151,1436,1776,2017]" box="[199,930,1920,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">HYPODERMAL COLORATION: Similar to imago (see below).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD935FFC7EC8D1BCAFAEEB8D0" blockId="12.[151,1436,1776,2017]" box="[199,1299,1956,1981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">TEXTURE: On all legs of male and female all tarsal segments covered with pointed microlepides.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD935FFC7EC8D1BA6FA61B88C" blockId="12.[151,1436,1776,2017]" box="[199,1436,1992,2017]" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D935FFC7EC8D1BA6FE9EB88C" bold="true" box="[199,355,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Imago, male.</emphasis>
|
||
Head ocher with brown. Turbinate eyes red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED935FFC7EFCF1BA7FC23B88C" box="[901,990,1992,2017]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thorax brown with ocher (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED935FFC7E97D1BA7FA6DB88C" box="[1335,1424,1992,2017]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="503">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD934FFC6ECDD1CF8FE55BDE8" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Anterior part of mesonotum with unpaired longitudinal crest steeply terminated posteriorly (as in larva—see above). Fore wing with brown bases of veins C, Sc and R, other veins and membrane colorless; pterostigma whitish, either with several oblique veins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EE3F1CB0FD35BF95" box="[629,712,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1598,1621]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1577]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; m. gs, gonostylar muscle; m. gv 1, m. gv 2, muscles of gonovectis; m. s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
), or without veins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EFE91CB0FC0ABF95" box="[931,1015,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1598,1621]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1577]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; m. gs, gonostylar muscle; m. gv 1, m. gv 2, muscles of gonovectis; m. s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD934FFC6E8461CB0FBB9BF95" box="[1036,1092,223,248]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
wing small, narrow, with long and hooked costal process, with 2 poorly developed longitudinal veins; bases of longitudinal veins brown, remaining part of wing colorless (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EE6A1D48FD8ABE2D" box="[544,631,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1598,1621]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1577]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; m. gs, gonostylar muscle; m. gv 1, m. gv 2, muscles of gonovectis; m. s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
). All legs nearly unicolor pale yellowish, slightly darkened near knee articulation. Proportions of femur, tibia and tarsal segments of fore leg: 70:135:5:53:32:20:13; of middle and hind leg 58:78:11:5:2:13. Fore leg without any trace of patella-tibial suture (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6E8441D00FB9EBEE5" box="[1038,1123,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[156,1409,214,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27 – 29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
), middle and hind leg with well-expressed patella-tibial suture (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EE3A1DFBFD0EBEC1" box="[624,755,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[156,1409,214,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27 – 29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Figs 29, 30</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EEB51DFBFCE2BEC0" box="[767,799,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1653,1676]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[170,1416,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 48. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 45, 46, subimaginal exuviae spread on slide (on the same scale): 45, left half of mesonotum; 46, part of mesopleuron and metapleuron, with fragments of fore and middle legs. 47, 48, egg and its enlarged fragment (extracted from female imago). Abbreviation: psa, postsubalar sclerite of mesothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242413/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tarsus of middle and hind leg with 2 apical thorns, on segments 1st+2nd and 3rd (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EE691DD8FD86BEBD" box="[547,635,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[156,1409,214,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27 – 29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each abdominal tergum with small unpaired tubercle, representing remnant of larval spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EDE71DB3FDFEBE99" box="[429,515,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal terga ocher with brown maculation, different on different segments; alternation of lighter and darker terga corresponds to alternation of lighter and darker terga in larval cuticular coloration. Abdominal sterna I–VII pale ocher, sternum IX brown. Unistyligers and gonostyli brown, with colorless areas on median part of unistyligers and lateral-distal parts of 2nd segments of gonostyli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6E8BD1E28FAB7BD0D" box="[1271,1354,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci ocher, basally brownish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD934FFC6EC8D1EFFFD09BCA5" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
STRUCTURE OF MALE GENITALS (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EEEB1EE0FCD4BDC5" box="[673,809,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1598,1621]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1577]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; m. gs, gonostylar muscle; m. gv 1, m. gv 2, muscles of gonovectis; m. s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Figs 35–37</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EF711EFFFC7BBDC5" box="[827,902,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">39–41</figureCitation>
|
||
): Unistyligers very wide, contiguous basally. Unpaired sterno-styligeral muscle very wide and strong, attached to bases of contiguous unistyligers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6E9461EDBFA9EBDA1" box="[1292,1379,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1598,1621]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1577]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; m. gs, gonostylar muscle; m. gv 1, m. gv 2, muscles of gonovectis; m. s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Figs 37</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6E93A1EDBFA72BDA1" box="[1392,1423,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each unistyliger sclerotized and colored with brown only in lateral, proximal and distal parts, with inner margin and adjacent triangular area colorless and soft. 1st and 2nd segments of gonostylus well separated one from another by deep groove; 1st segment bears prominent angulate ventro-median flange, projecting apically and overlapping base of 2nd segment ventro-medially. 2nd segment short, in distal part slightly bent laterally, with colorless area laterally-distally. 3rd segment small, narrower than apex of 2nd segment, petiolate in imago. Penial bridge and gonovectes fused together. Middle part of penial bridge (visible between unistyligers) slightly convex, ventrally membranous, dorsally with small sclerotized incision.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD934FFC6EC8D1FBAFCD2BB7D" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
In subimago gonostyli brought together, with the same length as in imago, but thicker; 2nd segment thick and nearly straight, 3rd segment non-petiolate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EE331F98FCDFBB7D" box="[633,802,1015,1040]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStart-1="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1598,1621]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox-0="[157,1431,206,1566]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1577]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 31 – 37. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; m. gs, gonostylar muscle; m. gv 1, m. gv 2, muscles of gonovectis; m. s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger." captionText-1="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 36. 39, 40</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD934FFC6EC8D1872FC53BBCD" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
In larva vestiges of protogonostyli brought together, so that posterior margin of abdominal sternum IX either nearly entirely convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EDEC1850FE06BB35" box="[422,507,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1598,1621]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1577]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; m. gs, gonostylar muscle; m. gv 1, m. gv 2, muscles of gonovectis; m. s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
), or with very narrow and shallow median incision. Subimaginal unistyligers and gonostyli developing under larval cuticle, deeply inserted into 9th abdominal sternum; gonostyli entirely directed medio-caudally and pressed one to another up to their apices (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EF0718E8FC5DBBCD" box="[845,928,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 37" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1598,1621]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,206,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1577]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 37. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 31, fore and hind wing on the same scale; 32, hind wing, enlarged; 33, apex of fore wing of another individual; 34, head of female imago; 35, outline of abdominal segment IX of mature male larva with developing subimaginal genitals inside (in left half muscles shown by interrupted lines); 36, exuviae of left gonostylus of male subimago; 37, genitals of male imago, the same individual (muscles shown by interrupted lines; in left half gonostylar muscle not shown, internal sclerotized part of penis shown by interrupted line and dotted; in right half cuticular pigmentation shown by dots). Abbreviations: gs 1, gs 2, gs 3, segments of gonostylus; m. gs, gonostylar muscle; m. gv 1, m. gv 2, muscles of gonovectis; m. s, sterno-styligeral muscle; us, unistyliger." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242411/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD934FFC6EC8D18C3FDDBBA15" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6EC8D18C3FE8BBBA9" bold="true" box="[199,374,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Imago, female.</emphasis>
|
||
Head, thorax and abdomen dorsally ocher-brownish, ventrally contrastingly pale ocher (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6E92518C3FF48BB85" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
) (in contrast to male, thoracic sterna without brown). Eyes small, widely separated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6E82118A0FB3DBB85" box="[1131,1216,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1844,1867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1415,193,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[170,1416,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 38, apex of abdomen of male imago, lateral view; 39, genitals of male subimago, ventral view; 40, subimaginal exuviae of genitals; 41, genitals of male imago of the same individual, ventral view; 42, female imago; 43, male imago (arrows show protuberances—remnants of larval spines on abdominal terga); 44, mesonotum, lateral-dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242412/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wings as in male. Fore leg without patella-tibial suture (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6EECE189BFD2ABA61" box="[644,727,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[156,1409,214,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27 – 29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
), middle and hind leg with well-expressed patella-tibial suture (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6ECA91978FEC5BA5D" box="[227,312,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1952,1975]" captionTargetBox="[156,1409,214,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[154,1432,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, legs. 25, larval middle leg, front view; 26, claw, median view; 27 – 29, fragment of subimaginal leg, front view: 27, fore leg of male; 28, fore leg of female; 29, hind leg of female; 30, tibia and tarsus of subimaginal middle leg, front view (same individual on same scale as Fig 25). Arrow shows patella-tibial suture." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242410/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
) (see discussion of Protopatellata above). Fore tarsus 5-segmented, i.e. with border between 1st segment (shortened and fused with tibia) and 2nd segment; apical thorn on segments 2nd and 3rd. Coloration of legs, abdomen and cerci as in male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD934FFC6EC8D19EBFAB8BAF1" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1349,1412,1437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6EC8D19EBFF0BBAF6" bold="true" box="[199,246,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Egg</emphasis>
|
||
. Oval, 0.13 mm long. Chorion with even net-like structure with irregular small cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6E8FF19EBFAC5BAF1" box="[1205,1336,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 48" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1653,1676]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,193,1631]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[170,1416,193,1632]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 48. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum. 45, 46, subimaginal exuviae spread on slide (on the same scale): 45, left half of mesonotum; 46, part of mesopleuron and metapleuron, with fragments of fore and middle legs. 47, 48, egg and its enlarged fragment (extracted from female imago). Abbreviation: psa, postsubalar sclerite of mesothorax." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242413/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Figs 47, 48</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD934FFC6EC8D19C8FD9EBAAD" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,611,1447,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6EC8D19C8FEB3BAAD" bold="true" box="[199,334,1447,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Dimension.</emphasis>
|
||
Fore wing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD29B2ED934FFC6EE5119C7FDA2BAAD" box="[539,607,1448,1472]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD934FFC6EC8D19A3FEC1B845" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6EC8D19A3FED7BA88" bold="true" box="[199,298,1484,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D934FFC6EDB219A3FCA6BA89" box="[504,859,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6EDB219A3FCA6BA89" box="[504,859,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
used in this study were collected in one biotope of the river Lwakela, which runs in the north-western part of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD934FFC6EF781980FC76B965" box="[818,907,1519,1544]" name="Zambia" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; this species was not found when collecting in neighboring rivers, the West Lunga and Mudanyama rivers (near Mwinilunga), as well as collecting in other Zambian rivers (Zambezi, Luangwa and Mutanda). In the river Lwakela, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D934FFC6E8CD1A58FAAAB93D" box="[1159,1367,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6E8CD1A58FAAAB93D" box="[1159,1367,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Th. cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in a single
|
||
<typeStatus id="54918869D934FFC6EDD71A32FE30B918" box="[413,461,1629,1653]" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of biotope, which represent cascades of waterfalls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED934FFC6E8191A33FB4DB919" box="[1107,1200,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 49" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1150,1173]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,195,1128]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[170,1417,195,1129]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 49. Collecting site of Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum in the river Lwakela in Zambia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242414/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
). All larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D934FFC6E93D1A33FECBB9F5" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6E93D1A33FECBB9F5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Th. cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in places with extremely strong current, among filamentous algae firmly attached to the rocks. In these places, besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D934FFC6EE671ACBFD06B9D1" box="[557,763,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6EE671ACBFD06B9D1" box="[557,763,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Th. cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we found only one species of mayflies (young larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D934FFC6ECDD1AA8FEBCB98D" box="[151,321,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Dicentroptilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6ECDD1AA8FEBCB98D" box="[151,321,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Dicentroptilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.). We also collected mayflies in neighboring biotopes of the same river, such as rocks and stones on strong current, and gravel bottom on moderate current; there we found various other mayfly species, but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D934FFC6E93D1A83FECBB845" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="504" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D934FFC6E93D1A83FECBB845" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">Th. cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD934FFC5EC8D1B5BFB5CBF95" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="505" pageId="13" pageNumber="504">
|
||
Such habitat of larvae on the strongest current is not caused by their morphology, movement ability and/or behavior: larval tergalii permanently make intensive respiratory movements (see above), thanks to which larva is able to live not only in running water, but in stagnant water as well. Being placed in a bottle with warm stagnant water, larvae can live there for many hours, and being placed in a cage on slow water current, larvae can live there for unlimitedly long time. Larval shape (not flattened) and its usual pose (with abdomen raised up) are unusual for the species adapted to strong current. Possibly, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EF651CF8FC00BFDD" box="[815,1021,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EF651CF8FC00BFDD" box="[815,1021,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Th. cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are able to inhabit a wide range of biotopes, but for some reasons are concentrated on filamentous algae of waterfalls. This can explain the wide distribution of this species, originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD937FFC5EEA51CB0FCBEBF95" box="[751,835,223,248]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and recently found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD937FFC5E80E1CB0FB63BF95" box="[1092,1182,223,248]" name="Zambia" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3306540D937FFC5EC8D1D6BFDA3B8D5" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD937FFC5EC8D1D6BFCCEBE08" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EC8D1D6BFCE5BE70" bold="true" box="[199,792,259,285]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
Discussion.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ED1E1D6CFCEDBE71" bold="true" box="[340,784,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Corrections to the original description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Some characters given above, disagree with the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ED731D48FDFEBE2D" box="[313,515,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cumminsorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ED731D48FDFEBE2D" box="[313,515,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Th. cumminsorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Michel Sartori kindly examined the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54918869D937FFC5EFE31D47FBF4BE2D" box="[937,1033,296,320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
deposited in the Musée cantonal de zoologie in Lausanne and informed me about its characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD937FFC5EC8D1D1FFCF1BE99" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
In the original description, "the fusion of the base of the glossae" is reported. Actually, glossae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ECDD1DFBFEA8BEC0" box="[151,341,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ECDD1DFBFEA8BEC0" box="[151,341,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Thraulobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not fused basally, being movable, as in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EFC11DFBFC10BEC0" box="[907,1005,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED937FFC5EFB41DFBFBB9BEC1" box="[1022,1092,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[162,1435,193,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,193,1892]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 7, superlinguae; 8, hypopharynx and maxilla (arrow shows 3 rd segment of maxillary palp); 9, labium; 10, right mandible." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242407/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
); on the slide, from which the figure of labium in the original description has been drawn (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5EF381DD8FAFDBEBD" author="Elouard" box="[882,1280,439,464]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Elouard, J. - M. & Hideux, P. (1991) Mayflies of West Africa. Thraulobaetodes, an atypic new genus of crawling Baetidae. In: Alba-Tercedor J. & Sanchez-Ortega A. (Eds). Overview and strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, pp. 169 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1991" yearSuffix="g">
|
||
Elouard & Hideux 1991:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED937FFC5E8E21DD8FB0DBEBD" box="[1192,1264,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD29B2ED937FFC5E8AB1DD7FB0DBEBD" box="[1249,1264,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" unit="g" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), glossae are proximally pressed together, but not fused (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED937FFC5EEF01DB3FD03BE99" box="[698,766,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD937FFC5EC8D1E6FFC9FBDC5" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
In the original description, coloration is characterized as the following: "the coxae are brown and the legs are yellowish except a brown maculation at the middle of the tibiae" and "the sixth and seventh abdominal tergites have a pair of white spots as in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EE711E28FD32BD0D" box="[571,719,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Afrobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EE711E28FD32BD0D" box="[571,719,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Afrobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
". Actually, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54918869D937FFC5EF341E27FC22BD0D" box="[894,991,584,608]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has coxa and middle of tibia not darker than other parts of leg. Besides light spots on sixth and seventh abdominal tergites, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54918869D937FFC5E8CD1E02FB1ABDE8" box="[1159,1255,621,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
has larger light spots on the neighboring fifth and eighth tergites (as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED937FFC5EF491EE0FCA8BDC5" box="[771,853,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 24" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1772,1795]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1750]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1751]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 24. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, exuviae of last instar larva spread on slide (Figs 18, 19, 21 and 22 on the same scale). 18, abdominal terga I – IX; 19, left half of pronotum and mesonotum; 20, part of pronotum, enlarged; 21, hind leg; 22, head of male larva; 23, abdominal tergum IV; 24, paraprocts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242409/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD937FFC5EC8D1EDBFB73BC55" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
The original description contains data about wing structure based on examination of larval protoptera.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD937FFC5E92E1EDBFA61BDA0" box="[1380,1436,692,717]" name="India" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
protopteron is figured as having two veins, the most anterior of which in its proximal part runs far from costal margin, and in its distal part is contiguous with costal margin (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5EF151E93FB2EBC79" author="Elouard" box="[863,1235,764,789]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Elouard, J. - M. & Hideux, P. (1991) Mayflies of West Africa. Thraulobaetodes, an atypic new genus of crawling Baetidae. In: Alba-Tercedor J. & Sanchez-Ortega A. (Eds). Overview and strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, pp. 169 - 174." type="book chapter" year="1991" yearSuffix="c">
|
||
Elouard & Hideux 1991:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED937FFC5E8C81E93FB38BC79" box="[1154,1221,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1861,1884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,207,1823]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1838]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larval mouthparts (on the same scale). 1, labrum, dorsal view; 2, 3, apices of left and right mandibles; 4, labium (at left half, dorsal view; at right half, ventral view with muscles shown by interrupted lines); 5, maxilla, dorsal view; 6, maxillary palp of another specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242406/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Actually, at this place should be not a vein, but the boundary between wing and its costal process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED937FFC5E8671F70FB7CBC55" box="[1069,1153,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 – 17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,218,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1554]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11 – 17. Thraulobaetodes cumminsorum, larva. 11, neck articulation and prothorax, lateral view; 12, lateral view of last instar female larva; 13, 14, 15 cross sections of ridges on pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum; 16, outline of hind protopteron with developing subimaginal hind wing inside; 17, abdominal segment IV with left tergalius, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242408/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD937FFC5EC8D1F2CFD25B965" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EC8D1F2CFDD8BC31" bold="true" box="[199,549,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Ventral attachment of tergalii.</emphasis>
|
||
Tergalii of all mayfly larvae are attached to the abdominal tergites, usually to the posterior margin of the tergite close to its lateral margin. In all mayflies larval abdominal segments have integral sclerotization without a visible boundary between the tergite and sternite; the fact that tergalii are attached to the areas corresponding to tergites, can be revealed if the development of abdominal segments is traced from larva to winged stages (subimago and imago), which have clearly separated abdominal tergites and sternites (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5E91C1FBBFF2EBB7D" author="Kluge" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Kluge, N. J. (1989) The problem of the homology of the tracheal gills and paranotal processi of the mayfly larvae and wings of the insects with reference to the taxonomy and phylogeny of the order Ephemeroptera. Chteniya pamyati N. A. Kholodkovskogo, Leningrad, Nauka, 41, 48 - 77. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1989">Kluge 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In some mayfly larvae abdominal tergites are widened and spread to the ventral side of abdomen, so that tergalii, being attached to their lateral areas, appear on the ventral side of the abdomen. Among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5E8BC1873FAA6BB58" box="[1270,1371,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such shifting of tergalii to the ventral side occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EEEF1850FBC2BB35" authority="Needham & Murphy 1924" authorityName="Needham & Murphy" authorityYear="1924" box="[677,1087,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EEEF1850FCF1BB35" box="[677,780,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Baetodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5EF591850FBC2BB35" author="Needham" box="[787,1087,1087,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Needham, J. G. & Murphy, H. E. 1924. Neotropical mayflies. Bulletin of the Lloyd Library, 24 (Entomological Series 4), 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1924">Needham & Murphy 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5E8001850FA65BB35" authority="Demoulin 1970" authorityName="Demoulin" authorityYear="1970" box="[1098,1432,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Afrobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5E8001850FB23BB35" box="[1098,1246,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Afrobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5E8AC1850FA65BB35" author="Demoulin" box="[1254,1432,1087,1112]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Demoulin, G. (1970) Ephemeroptera des faunes ethiopienne et malgache. In: Hanstrom, Bertil, Per Brinck & Gustaf Rudebeck (Eds). South African Animal Life (Results of the Lunds University Expedition in 1950 - 1951) 14, pp. 24 - 170." type="journal article" year="1970">Demoulin 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ECDD180BFEA8BB10" box="[151,341,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ECDD180BFEA8BB10" box="[151,341,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Thraulobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EDDE180BFD19BB11" authority="Gattolliat 2012" authorityName="Gattolliat" authorityYear="2012" box="[404,740,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Asiobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EDDE180BFDD4BB10" box="[404,553,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Asiobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5EE7E180BFD19BB11" author="Gattolliat" box="[564,740,1124,1149]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Gattolliat, J. - L. (2012) Two new genera of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) from Borneo (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). Annales de Limnologie-International Journal of Limnology, 48, 187 - 199. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1051 / limn / 2012012" type="journal article" year="2012">Gattolliat 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; this fact is reflected in the similar names of these genera. However, these four taxa cannot be related one to another, as they have different systematic position within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ECDD18C3FF00BBA8" box="[151,253,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baetidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Their systematic position is as follows: (1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EF4018C3FC35BBA8" box="[778,968,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EF4018C3FC35BBA8" box="[778,968,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Thraulobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not belong to Anteropatellata (see above); (2)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ED5118A0FE52BB85" box="[283,431,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Afrobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ED5118A0FE52BB85" box="[283,431,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Afrobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to Anteropatellata and occupies a separate position within this, not belonging to Baetovectata; (3)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ED29189BFE37BA60" box="[355,458,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ED29189BFE37BA60" box="[355,458,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Baetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to Baetovectata-Baetungulata within Anteropatellata, but does not belong to Baetofemorata; (4)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ED331978FDF3BA5D" box="[377,526,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Asiobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ED331978FDF3BA5D" box="[377,526,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Asiobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to Baetofemorata within Baetungulata. In these four taxa the tergalii, being similarly shifted ventrally, have different functions and different activities: according to my observation, tergalii of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ED5A1930FE33BA15" box="[272,462,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ED5A1930FE33BA15" box="[272,462,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Thraulobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
make anterior-posterior respiratory movements and turn water in a caudal direction, when the abdomen is raised up; tergalii of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EECE19EBFCE5BAF0" box="[644,792,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Afrobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EECE19EBFCE5BAF0" box="[644,792,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Afrobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
make lateral respiratory movements and turn water in a median direction; tergalii of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EDA619C8FDAEBAAD" box="[492,595,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Baetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EDA619C8FDAEBAAD" box="[492,595,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Baetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unable to make respiratory movements, as is the case in all other Baetungulata. Judging by the fact that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EE0519A3FD19BA88" box="[591,740,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Asiobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EE0519A3FD19BA88" box="[591,740,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Asiobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has all characters of Baetungulata-Baetofemorata, its tergalii also should be incapable of respiratory movements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD937FFC5EC8D1A7CFBE7B81D" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EC8D1A7CFE47B941" bold="true" box="[199,442,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Systematic position.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on larval characters only,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5EFCD1A7BFAC0B941" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[903,1341,1556,1581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P. (1998) The Centroptiloides complex of Afrotropical small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91 (1), 1 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.1.1" type="journal article" year="1998">Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ECDD1A58FEA8B93D" box="[151,341,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ECDD1A58FEA8B93D" box="[151,341,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Thraulobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EDE71A58FDA7B93D" box="[429,602,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EDE71A58FDA7B93D" box="[429,602,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Centroptiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex", for which they reported two characters only: "as larvae possess 2 subparallel rows of denticles on tarsal claws ... and as alate forms possess single marginal intercalaries in the forewings" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5ED6A1A10FD47B9F5" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[288,698,1663,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P. (1998) The Centroptiloides complex of Afrotropical small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91 (1), 1 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.1.1" type="journal article" year="1998" yearSuffix="p">Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1998: p.2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These authors regarded this diagnosis to be enough to define the "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ECE81ACBFEB2B9D0" box="[162,335,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ECE81ACBFEB2B9D0" box="[162,335,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Centroptiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex", which is "known only from Afrotropics". Actually, both these characters are characteristic also for the widely distributed taxon Cloeoninae
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EF8E1AA6FBFEB98D" box="[964,1027,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Kazlauskas 1973 and represent plesiomorphies within Liberevenata (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5EE721A83FCD9B869" author="Kluge" box="[568,804,1772,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Kluge, N. J. (2004) The phylogenetic system of Ephemeroptera. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 456 pp." type="book" year="2004">Kluge 2004: 95, 100</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBB4B3AD937FFC5EF7D1A83FB43B869" author="Lugo-Ortiz" box="[823,1214,1772,1797]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" refString="Lugo-Ortiz, C. R. & McCafferty, W. P. (1998) The Centroptiloides complex of Afrotropical small minnow mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 91 (1), 1 - 26. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 91.1.1" type="journal article" year="1998">Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrongly stated that unlike the "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ED7B1B60FE23B845" box="[305,478,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Centroptiloides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ED7B1B60FE23B845" box="[305,478,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Centroptiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex", "larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EF4C1B60FC7DB845" box="[774,896,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Bugilliesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EF4C1B60FC7DB845" box="[774,896,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Bugilliesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5E85A1B60FB59B845" box="[1040,1188,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Afrobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5E85A1B60FB59B845" box="[1040,1188,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Afrobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5E8F41B60FACAB845" box="[1214,1335,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Bugilliesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5E8F41B60FACAB845" box="[1214,1335,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Bugilliesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5E9181B7EFA68B845" box="[1362,1429,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Kivua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5E9181B7EFA68B845" box="[1362,1429,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Kivua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ECDD1B5BFECCB820" box="[151,305,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Mutelocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ECDD1B5BFECCB820" box="[151,305,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Mutelocloeon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ED751B5BFE1CB820" box="[319,481,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Potamocloeon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ED751B5BFE1CB820" box="[319,481,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Potamocloeon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EE551B5BFD43B820" box="[543,702,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Rhithrocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EE551B5BFD43B820" box="[543,702,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Rhithrocloeon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) lack the 2 rows of denticles on the tarsal claw". Actually, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ECFF1B38FED3B81D" box="[181,302,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Bugilliesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ECFF1B38FED3B81D" box="[181,302,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Bugilliesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have 2 rows of denticles on claw (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13112A4ED937FFC5EEFE1B38FCF8B81D" box="[692,773,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 50 – 55" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1850,1873]" captionTargetBox="[169,1417,409,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[169,1418,409,1829]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 50 – 55. Bugilliesia spp.: 50 – 54, eggs: 50, 51, Bugilliesia notabilis (extracted from female imago); 52, Bugilliesia sp. N (extracted from female imago); 53, Bugilliesia sp. NZ (extracted from gynandromorph imago); 54, Bugilliesia grisea (extracted from female larva). 55, Bugilliesia sudanensis, larval claw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242415/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
) (see discussion below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9536CBD937FFC5EC8D1B13FDA3B8D5" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33D765BD937FFC5EC8D1B13FF1BB8F9" box="[199,230,1916,1940]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
shown above,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EDF21B13FD8BB8F8" box="[440,630,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Thraulobaetodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EDF21B13FD8BB8F8" box="[440,630,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Thraulobaetodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to Rhithrocloeoninae, which also includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5E9561B13FA68B8F8" box="[1308,1429,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Bugilliesia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5E9561B13FA68B8F8" box="[1308,1429,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Bugilliesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ECDD1BCFFECCB8D4" box="[151,305,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Mutelocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ECDD1BCFFECCB8D4" box="[151,305,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Mutelocloeon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5ED751BCFFE23B8D4" box="[319,478,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Rhithrocloeon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5ED751BCFFE23B8D4" box="[319,478,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Rhithrocloeon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2A4D48D937FFC5EE5E1BCEFDAAB8D5" box="[532,599,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Baetidae" genus="Kivua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="505" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95EEAD9D937FFC5EE5E1BCEFDAAB8D5" box="[532,599,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="505">Kivua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |