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<document id="89C3F3F6701B08C9253957A84A23CDF2" ID-CLB-Dataset="62926" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6608481" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6136b4e9-16b8-46eb-8a69-14092cd2707b" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-93-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6608481" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654194389443" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier &amp; Don E. Wilson" docDate="2014" docId="035387C7FFC1FFAFFF2416BAFBF2F660" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_4_Ziphiidae_0326.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 4 Sea Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Mesoplodon peruvianus Reyes, Mead &amp; Van Waerebeek 1991" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="352" masterDocId="FF6AFFBFFFC7FFA9FFE31407FFC2FFE9" masterDocTitle="Ziphiidae" masterLastPageNumber="357" masterPageNumber="326" pageNumber="352" updateTime="1699338817089" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3AECB4BE918F8385D9E13B90ED11BDBB">Ziphiidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2E15D8EDFFAEC59DDD6ED49B1061DF66">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="66A6A4C2F2FCDD28888615E995B9E418">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="802A0BD8A916BD9D12334B49C9182A79">Handbook of the Mammals of the World Volume 4 Sea Mammals</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF2416BAFF3CFD02" box="[199,254,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF2416BAFF3CFD02" blockId="6.[194,1219,701,827]" box="[199,254,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<heading id="D00D81BDFFC1FFAFFF2416BAFF3CFD02" box="[199,254,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<figureCitation id="13C12A54FFC1FFAFFF2416BAFF3CFD02" box="[199,254,701,747]" captionStart="Plate 14: Ziphiidae" captionStartId="2.[159,189,3440,3461]" captionTargetBox="[12,2776,14,3654]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Bairds Beaked Whale (Berardius baiwrdu), 2. Arnouxs Beaked Whale (Berardius arnuxu), 3. Cuviers Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris), 4. Northern Bottlenose Whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus), 5. Southern Bottlenose Whale (Hyperoodon planifrons), 6. Shepherds Beaked Whale (Tasmacetus shepherd), 7. Longmans Beaked Whale (Indopacetus pacificus), 8. Hubbss Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon carlhubbsi), 9. Stejnegers Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon stejnegeri), 10. Pygmy Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon peruvianus), 11. Perrins Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon perrini), 12. Trues Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon marus), 13. Strap-toothed Whale (Mesoplodon layardii), 14. Hectors Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon hectori)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6608555/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">10.</figureCitation>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFEED16BAFD0EFD02" box="[270,716,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFEED16BAFD0EFD02" blockId="6.[194,1219,701,827]" box="[270,716,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<heading id="D00D81BDFFC1FFAFFEED16BAFD0EFD02" box="[270,716,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<vernacularName id="05F946FFFFC1FFAFFEED16BAFD0EFD02" box="[270,716,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Pygmy Beaked Whale</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFCF616BAFB00FD02" box="[789,1218,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFCF616BAFB00FD02" blockId="6.[194,1219,701,827]" box="[789,1218,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<heading id="D00D81BDFFC1FFAFFCF616BAFB00FD02" box="[789,1218,701,747]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<taxonomicName id="4CFA4D52FFC1FFAFFCF616BAFB00FD02" ID-CoL="73C37" authorityName="Reyes, Mead &amp; Van Waerebeek" authorityYear="1991" box="[789,1218,701,747]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFCF616BAFB00FD02" box="[789,1218,701,747]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Mesoplodon peruvianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF2716FAFB4AFCD3" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF2716FAFBEFFCFB" blockId="6.[194,1219,701,827]" box="[196,1069,765,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<heading id="D00D81BDFFC1FFAFFF2716FAFBEFFCFB" box="[196,1069,765,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF2716FAFED2FCFB" bold="true" box="[196,272,765,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">French:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="05F946FFFFC1FFAFFEFA16FAFE3EFCFB" box="[281,508,765,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Baleine-a-bec du Pérou</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFDF116FAFDAFFCFB" bold="true" box="[530,621,765,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">German:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="05F946FFFFC1FFAFFD9516FAFCF1FCFB" box="[630,819,765,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Zwergzweizahnwal</vernacularName>
/
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFCAA16FAFC66FCFB" bold="true" box="[841,932,765,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Spanish:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="05F946FFFFC1FFAFFC4E16FAFBEFFCFB" box="[941,1069,765,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Zifio del Peru</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF201722FB4AFCD3" blockId="6.[194,1219,701,827]" box="[195,1160,805,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<heading id="D00D81BDFFC1FFAFFF201722FB4AFCD3" box="[195,1160,805,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF201722FE78FCD3" bold="true" box="[195,442,805,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Other common names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="05F946FFFFC1FFAFFE261722FD5CFCD3" box="[453,670,805,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Lesser Beaked Whale</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="05F946FFFFC1FFAFFD4F1722FC53FCD3" box="[684,913,805,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Mesoplodon species A</vernacularName>
,
<vernacularName id="05F946FFFFC1FFAFFC431722FB4AFCD3" box="[928,1160,805,826]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Peruvian Beaked Whale</vernacularName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFCD2176DFACEFC46" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFCD2176DFACEFC46" blockId="6.[817,1400,874,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFCD2176DFC0EFC6E" bold="true" box="[817,972,874,903]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4CFA4D52FFC1FFAFFC3C176DFAC5FC46" ID-CoL="73C37" authority="Reyes, Mead &amp; Van Waerebeek, 1991" authorityName="Reyes, Mead &amp; Van Waerebeek" authorityYear="1991" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">Mesoplodon peruvianus Reyes, Mead &amp; Van Waerebeek, 1991</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFAC01791FAB7FC3F" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFAC01791FAB7FC3F" blockId="6.[817,1400,874,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<materialsCitation id="3B923C8CFFC1FFAFFAC01791FAB7FC3F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3801074306" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">“Playa Paraiso (11° 12 S), Huacho, Lima, Peru.”</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFCD217E7FC0CFB9D" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFCD217E7FC0CFB9D" blockId="6.[817,1400,874,1297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
This species was formerly known as “
<taxonomicName id="4CFA4D52FFC1FFAFFAD817E7FBDCFBCC" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undefined-a">Mesoplodon species A</taxonomicName>
” based on sightings of a then unknown species of beaked whale. Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFCD2107DFC1DFAD0" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="distribution">
<caption id="DF856659FFC1FFAFFCD2107DFC1DFAD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608513" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6608513" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6608513/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" targetBox="[198,788,876,1289]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFCD2107DFC1DFAD0" blockId="6.[817,1400,874,1297]" lastBlockId="6.[195,1405,1304,2441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFCD2107DFC1DFB72" bold="true" box="[817,991,1146,1179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Distribution.</emphasis>
E tropical Pacific from 28° N to 29° S. A single record from New Zealand is currently thought to represent a vagrant individual, but it may be that the distribution of this species is wider than initially thought.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF201144FD17F92A" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF201144FD17F92A" blockId="6.[195,1405,1304,2441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF201144FE7CFA89" bold="true" box="[195,446,1347,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
Total length 370-390 cm; weight ¢.500 kg (unconfirmed). Body of the Pygmy Beaked Whale is spindle-shaped, with greatest girth around its midpoint. Flukes are wide in relation to body length, and tailstock is compressed laterally. Dorsal fin is small and set approximately two-thirds the distance between tip of the beak and end of the tail. Females and juvenile Pygmy Beaked Whales are dark on top and paler underneath. Adult males have a distinct white chevron on their backs. Adult males may have a number of long white lines that are unpigmented scars from aggressive male-male interactions. Rostrum and lower jaw form a short but distinct beak, and there are two grooves on the throat. Lower jaw of adult males is arched, and a small pair of tusks is found midway along it.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF2612CEFBD4F8FB" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF2612CEFBD4F8FB" blockId="6.[195,1405,1304,2441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF2612CEFEF1F903" bold="true" box="[197,307,1737,1770]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Habitat.</emphasis>
All confirmed sightings from deep, oceanic waters, and it is presumed that this reflects habitat preferences of the Pygmy Beaked Whale.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF26131FFC13F859" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="food_feeding">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF26131FFC13F859" blockId="6.[195,1405,1304,2441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF26131FFE0EF8D0" bold="true" box="[197,460,1816,1849]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
The Pygmy Beaked Whale is thought to primarily consume deepwater fish, but this is based on a very small sample. It also may consume deep-water squid. As with other species of beaked whales, the Pygmy Beaked Whale is likely to forage at depths greater than 500 m for much ofits life.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF2713BDFBCBF83E" box="[196,1033,1978,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="breeding">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF2713BDFBCBF83E" blockId="6.[195,1405,1304,2441]" box="[196,1033,1978,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF2713BDFE88F83E" bold="true" box="[196,330,1978,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Breeding.</emphasis>
There is no information available for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF2013DAFBAFF817" box="[195,1133,2013,2046]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="activity">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF2013DAFBAFF817" blockId="6.[195,1405,1304,2441]" box="[195,1133,2013,2046]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF2013DAFE6CF817" bold="true" box="[195,430,2013,2046]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
There is no information available for this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF261C0FFBE0F79D" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF261C0FFBE0F79D" blockId="6.[195,1405,1304,2441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF261C0FFC56F7CC" bold="true" box="[197,916,2056,2085]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
There is no specific information available for this species, but it is known to occur in small groups of five or fewer individuals. Typical composition of these groups remains unclear.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF261C7CFBE3F688" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF261C7CFBE3F688" blockId="6.[195,1405,1304,2441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF261C7CFDDDF775" bold="true" box="[197,543,2171,2204]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The [UCN Red List. There are no estimates of global population size of the Pygmy Beaked Whale. It may be one of the more common species of
<taxonomicName id="4CFA4D52FFC1FFAFFC8D1CCEFBC0F703" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1850" box="[878,1026,2249,2282]" class="Mammalia" family="Hyperoodontidae" genus="Mesoplodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Mesoplodon</taxonomicName>
in some parts of its distribution. Like other species of beaked whales,it is potentially affected by ingestion of plastic debris, bycatch in driftnet fisheries, and noise pollution. Nevertheless, nothing is known about the form or extent of these potential impacts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3E0655AFFC1FFAFFF251D73FBF2F660" box="[198,1072,2420,2441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352" type="bibRefCitation_list">
<paragraph id="8B4536D1FFC1FFAFFF251D73FBF2F660" blockId="6.[195,1405,1304,2441]" box="[198,1072,2420,2441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">
<emphasis id="B98EEAC3FFC1FFAFFF251D73FE9DF660" bold="true" box="[198,351,2420,2441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="352">Bibliography.</emphasis>
Macleod et al. (2006), Pitman &amp; Lynn (2001), Reyes et al. (1991).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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