293 lines
31 KiB
XML
293 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="74E123666DBD8C425662400539A0E088" ID-CLB-Dataset="33559" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e53fb8f2-2a76-4856-b154-1faef6ee81fd" ID-PMC="PMC4205731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-444-1" ID-PubMed="25349499" ID-ZooBank="FB83BDD3958A456DBFEA9C6C28D3E4D5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-444-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 444" ModsDocTitle="Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific" checkinTime="1451245266514" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reimer, James D., Poliseno, Angelo & Hoeksema, Bert W." docDate="2014" docId="3F0A98B4F4BB2227DA1386C7BE3BF3B1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 444: 1-57" docOrigin="ZooKeys 444" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537" docTitle="Palythoa tuberculosa Esper 1805" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFCCA07FFFC4625F1C6AFFB4EC3BFFB7" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1701385215740" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0AD4F071070A4D6A11B27E6321DEF871">
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<mods:title id="1BFCBB97AC2751BDE3F5E3BED919678C">Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="58E576181F18E206DB9AD2943081FC05" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8D5499D8F3B0CA2D1CACE398D4B4F454">Reimer, James D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A18A2F9623C5A837B53017F24F92C578">Poliseno, Angelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1461F4EB1EFCD983B2D5E62CD8FEDFD0">Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="02B8502E6B33184E9661EF9390FAA086">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C734D637DD4D3882462613A9E79C1D47">
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<mods:date id="2B5B161DCDD2685BF2F6DD620E38BF58">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="AA239FE5408E3118AF43085471E70F1A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0886C206EDDB5F842721B40C26A218D1">444</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="3FC4DE6EF13473DC2EF2D1BCAF8DCEAF">
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<mods:url id="FB19DE325E1012F22984D966DC4D08F3">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F9112B39AFBB86A46EC26C605F448A49">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6AFBAB72C1AE71B49AEDCCD59DCE50A9" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A06592C2F29101EDA75C61B4D82E629D" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-444-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3F0A98B4F4BB2227DA1386C7BE3BF3B1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055737" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F0A98B4F4BB2227DA1386C7BE3BF3B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F0A98B4F4BB2227DA1386C7BE3BF3B1" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="BC1FEAC51B43A3E8FBADC317118ECE0E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="EDC1979B3A8C8CCBD734CA34F487CB37" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taxon classification Animalia Zoantharia Sphenopidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CF2DA314A63F15964C3ABC1298EE28CD" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F472BFA8BFDEA4C51076A97BBFFFD337" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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10.
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<taxonomicName id="A9199BA688BA90F530FE8493E39F96C5" ID-CoL="4C88R" authority="Esper, 1805" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1805" class="Anthozoa" family="Sphenopidae" genus="Palythoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palythoa tuberculosa" order="Zoantharia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">Palythoa tuberculosa Esper, 1805</taxonomicName>
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Figures 7, 9B
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8633B1289D2274CE8D5926B326374A5B" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph id="973B3246FC1E83155F077B85836E5801" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<pageBreakToken id="A9E3AD0A88BE4827A7F5B4811178E41E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
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examined
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B274A0F46DF4A223769C0DBC1AC5836" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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(n=31). RMNH Coel 40465, Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition station 11, Leitimur, Tanjung Nasaniwe, Ambon, Moluccas (
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<geoCoordinate id="041C0EF20F715A172B7ECF995893A77C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.786111">03°47'10"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="290F01820BFB74AE2BB59CD35531A1BC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="128.08888">128°05'20"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 2-5 m, collected on November 12, 1990; RMNH Coel 40466, Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition station 30, Hitu, Baguala Bay, Suli, Ambon, Moluccas (
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<geoCoordinate id="77D6A62577E40F00FD7E4F198B9854E7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.6277778">03°37'40"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DBBC71BC5106F7C754FF588CD7980D36" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="128.29723">128°17'50"E</geoCoordinate>
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), collected on November 29, 1990; RMNH Coel 40467, Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition station 15, Hitu, Baguala Bay, 0.5 km west of Tial, Ambon, Moluccas (
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<geoCoordinate id="A77C66344CA9BDACD3E5B96C197AEA5B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.6388888">03°38'20"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9C015A8167F88482E9E3D96741D1D0AB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="128.32777">128°19'40"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 2 m, collected on November 13-14, 1990; RMNH Coel 40471, Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition station 4, Leitimur, Ambon Bay, outer bay, Wainitu (near Ambon City), Ambon, Moluccas (
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<geoCoordinate id="5FDC847AC06BE599085E89332FBD33D5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.7027779">03°42'10"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FC6D617E9923C8215E53E982E6A24837" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="128.15416">128°09'15"E</geoCoordinate>
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), littoral on old shipwreck, collected on November 7-8, 1990 by H. Strack; RMNH Coel 40474, Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition station 27, Leitimur, south coast, Hutumuri, Ambon, Moluccas (
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<geoCoordinate id="35BC5AF2B23D5EA79167344BE05367BC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-3.6972222">03°41'50"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D20CC38F5718B6A22937A56180B2B759" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="128.28334">128°17'00"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 1 to 3 m, collected on November 27, 1990 by J.C. den Hartog; RMNH Coel 40505, south side of Barang Lompo, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate id="26210A8DC8898714A1D6FF67EFC25A17" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.056389">05°03'23"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7B324193E80F2B3F5A7A6A0CDF32BEB3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.32916">119°19'45"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 18 m, collected on October 18, 1980, by H. Moll; RMNH Coel 40511, west side of Pulau Samalona, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate id="239C528D48F2F673D568A6AA0053D4CF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.1236115">05°07'25"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="533F82460C564DE6FE0CD8282F8C36BF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.33611">119°20'10"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 2.5 m, collected on September 4, 1980 by H. Moll; RMNH Coel. 40517, west side of Pulau Samalona, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate id="10921CE02D4635AA6A495B429A3894E1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.1236115">05°07'25"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D36D691E21B43DB1CBF66C126404EF8E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.33611">119°20'10"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 2.5 m, collected on September 4, 1980 by H. Moll; RMNH Coel 40519, Snellius Expedition, Rumah Fija, Bo Islands, Halmahera Sea, collected on October 7, 1930; RMNH Coel 40522, Snellius Expedition, Sulu Islands, Philippines, collected on September 11-17, 1930; RMNH Coel 40523, Snellius Expedition, probably Indonesia, no locality data; RMNH Coel 40524,
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<normalizedToken id="56A9845EBFB58B3A6E28E09635A7E3B4" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.011, reef edge west of Mai, Maisel Islands, Banda Sea (
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<geoCoordinate id="A6853F7CF566FBE8079C960090B56C9E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.4666667">05°28'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E09BE22543DB8063A55B2AF6376BD57E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="127.51667">127°31'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 1-30 m, collected on September 7, 1984; RMNH Coel 40526,
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<normalizedToken id="82E852405E338971F85BAE68AC173455" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.030, west coast of Pulau Binongko, Southeast Sulawesi, Tukang Besi Islands, Wakatobi (
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<geoCoordinate id="CA62F2B3B62A70A2910A3EF344500ADF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.9166665">05°55'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C615A2CEE9C9B6E25E88E4ED4DC4FAF5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="123.98333">123°59'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth approx. 2 m, September 10, 1984; RMNH Coel 40527,
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<normalizedToken id="F6895431A3EC558134A60F2CF8FBFC64" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.030, west coast of Pulau Binongko, Southeast Sulawesi, Tukang Besi Islands, Wakatobi (
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<geoCoordinate id="CDC77C93E553F28B8746AA0441F5E746" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.9166665">05°55'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5D5E5FD7803A16AD55FD8C14F1F0071A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="123.98333">123°59'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth approx. 0.5 m, September 10, 1984; RMNH Coel 40529,
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<normalizedToken id="3BDC97B8DB45F8F7654CEB54F836257D" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.030, west coast of Pulau Binongko, Southeast Sulawesi, Tukang Besi Islands, Wakatobi (
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<geoCoordinate id="1D4E913C6273E390759CE88CBF22D371" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.9166665">05°55'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E2FAF81A810E285B587220A7F0548994" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="123.98333">123°59'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth approx. 8 m, September 10, 1984; RMNH Coel 40530,
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<normalizedToken id="E845DDD2734357A166DD03C39F4E84F1" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.071, Slawi Bay, east Komodo, Komodo (
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<geoCoordinate id="DBD7E83C3CD1F9CFEC79EFF17312B13A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-8.575">08°34'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F839147087B34B1351E9B21D0E8BB33E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.52167">119°31'18"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth sublittoral, collected on September 17, 1984; RMNH Coel 40531,
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<normalizedToken id="269407B0B5106BF089B755045DDE4038" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.030, west coast of Pulau Binongko, Southeast Sulawesi, Tukang Besi Islands, Wakatobi (
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<geoCoordinate id="EAD686EAB65C959588F2153E4CE6CDEC" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.9166665">05°55'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5201BC83E2907D044BB1F53EA008F3E2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="123.98333">123°59'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth approx. 3 to 4 m, September 10, 1984; RMNH Coel 40534,
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<normalizedToken id="6D95C4B2AD816D64C8D2A108110181C6" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition station 4.169, reef north of Pulau Bahuluang, Southwest Salayer, Salayer Island, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate id="DF953FBD03909C5489555DBF86D06282" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.45">06°27'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="949760AD216FE8E23776EF3FB7C4FCF8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="120.433334">120°26'E</geoCoordinate>
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), collected on September 30, 1984; RMNH Coel 40535,
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<normalizedToken id="445BE72BCB98B71290C82638D6275C86" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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||
Expedition station 4.059, off Melolo, northeast Sumba (
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<geoCoordinate id="6586E6A8485E58A06EAC249B963AB8DB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-9.875">09°52'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DC68D8D120E6B85F074635DE76E8A959" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="120.67166">120°40'18"E</geoCoordinate>
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), collected on September 14, 1984; RMNH Coel 40541,
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<normalizedToken id="E93BBD0258F09B428C0180E0825FAAD2" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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||
Expedition station 4.006, Ambon Bay near Eri, Ambon, Moluccas (
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<geoCoordinate id="8D86BA73521CDF272B4B956B78F475FB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.75">03°45'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="73D7D83412C3ABA5929D4478F87449FE" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="128.13333">128°08'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth approx. 3 m, collected on August 29, 1984; RMNH Coel 40543,
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<normalizedToken id="F07D091E31289118292AF3E4C316F616" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
Expedition station 4.006, Ambon Bay near Eri, Ambon, Moluccas (
|
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<geoCoordinate id="8A2D83178E6978AC5E597BD8DF5D893E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.75">03°45'S</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="360456580373F5CEC86E662559EDD7B7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="128.13333">128°08'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 0 to 10 m, collected on August 29, 1984; RMNH Coel 40548,
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||
<normalizedToken id="2FC17AB15D366958D0C895D12D4DB3F1" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
Expedition station 4.052, east of Melolo, northeast Sumba (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5915E516BF1D91021C5BE832B3894097" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.916667">09°55'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1E946CD55C6FDE63AE31B4D5610689E8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="120.75">120°45'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth approx. 3 m, collected on September 13, 1984; RMNH Coel 40552,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8B15BF4B77BA773EFF111F43C03E65FE" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
Expedition station 4.048, east of Melolo, northeast Sumba (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D92469D4EB2CAB03C4BB290B7D7101C9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-9.9">09°54'00"S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="86802A34E3A5A7D0ABE7AD643E475241" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="120.725">120°43'30"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 12 m, collected on September 14, 1984; RMNH Coel 40553,
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||
<normalizedToken id="78C48CCAFF3DDA64B6F15796A07A6924" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
Expedition station 4.096, northeast cape, Komodo (
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||
<geoCoordinate id="CDD7BCF50C95D98D645599D1241B289F" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.483334">08°29'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="8DDCD9C8B7E03AE1A528D8B8ECBABD77" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="119.566666">119°34'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth to 30 m, collected on September 20, 1984; RMNH Coel 40555,
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||
<normalizedToken id="50D5401BFB6556BF03435CF81074817A" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
Expedition station 4.096, northeast cape, Komodo (
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<geoCoordinate id="4F8B9EB3FB4D3D7A2500C6698BBF8A28" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.483334">08°29'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="32A04089CA35173F5F2D09DBAE95B901" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="119.566666">119°34'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth to 30 m, collected on September 20, 1984; RMNH Coel 40557,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BD3EEDCB9A2167B97B4044BFEB886FCA" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
Expedition station 4.096, northeast cape, Komodo (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="28C70B3A1524089C4A1763C890F91CF0" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.483334">08°29'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="94764EEF546C08E2B3D7B11326E3BDCE" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="119.566666">119°34'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth = "shallow water", collected on September 20, 1984; RMNH Coel 40568, northwest of Pulau Kapoposang, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A087170322B285B53A059D8CE0EE463A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-4.6944447">04°41'40"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E57EC7C8CC68229411BCC3FD902EE005" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.915276">118°54'55"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), collected on May 2, 1998 by B.W. Hoeksema; RMNH Coel 40769, Snellius Expedition, Eude, South Flores, collected on March 6-8, 1930; RMNH Coel 40770, Snellius Expedition, Maratua, Berau Islands, East Kalimantan, collected on October 14-17, 1930; RMNH Coel 40771, Snellius Expedition, Maratua, Berau Islands, East Kalimantan, collected on October 14-17, 1930; RMNH Coel 40772,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="25ABA245F300A13AE765560BD1E88491" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
|
||
Expedition station 4.006, Ambon Bay near Eri, Ambon, Moluccas (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="31860029F942A57314CE38972E784C3B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.75">03°45'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="88205C16D4957D65C930BAA8902843B8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="128.13333">128°08'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), depth = 0 to 10 m, collected on August 29, 1984.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="69453B5EFC7F47C9C108D1E8038A04FB" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="photographic records">
|
||
<paragraph id="4466EF0572435B9828FAFD66019991A9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Photographic records</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC976AA9FB87098B829C5CBA8FAA6475" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
(n=12). Pemuteran, West Bali (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AE87F4CB59B9906557980AAB444D6D53" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.133333">08°08'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D9CDBBE7A94E3D27A64F21AD285776A2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="114.683334">114°41'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), May 20, 1998; Pemuteran, West Bali (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="53A00E5D8C83BDFF0D384701742E1C48" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.133333">08°08'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2AD01C318B4959E75807414B43C02EE2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="114.683334">114°41'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), May 23, 1998; Napoleon Reef, West Bali (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4481020C3A7C10880BB61FE2E30BE17E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.133333">08°08'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6314B1A8A702AE6924215980618DEEB1" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="114.683334">114°41'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), May 20, 1998; Nusa Lembongan, Lombok Strait, East Bali, July 13, 1997; Nusa Lembongan, Lombok Strait, east Bali, July 19, 1997; Nusa Lembongan, Lombok Strait, east Bali, May 26, 1998; south of Pulau Samalona, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F7C3060D02D9761EBEE03D4832346134" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.1291666">05°07'45"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D3F1A09DF921CBA0684EF322DCBA0D21" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.34028">119°20'25"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), October 27, 1997; northwest Pulau Samalona, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0F306C004E128EA9FFCB886D057C06BB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.1236115">05°07'25"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B6F4E1D5AFE9112B682CC5FC50BEA3D2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.33611">119°20'10"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), November 25, 1997; Fauna Malesiana Maluku Expedition station MAL.12, north coast near Morela, Ambon, Moluccas November 13, 1996; North Sulawesi, Bunaken, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1D097045DDCDD6DA7962CC70E667D4B1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.6">01°36'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D9A99C62899F8ACAE855B3E39B34E1AE" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="124.78333">124°47'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), April 9, 1996; Cebu, Philippines, November 21, 1998; Madang, Papua New Guinea, June 1992.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B9D65D96885919F49537072D29177EE6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BC2E067F246C0F5A7869642DA17085D9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="902FEDCD0D851D15CAF217C56F0548E9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
This zooxanthellate species was originally described from India (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22093D98881C729C0862F19CD7365CE2" author="Esper, EJC" journalOrPublisher="Raspe, Nuernberg" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" title="Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nebst Beschreibungen" year="1805">Esper 1805</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and subsequently redescribed utilizing specimens from the Red Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03388E1E05AB295C450CA3540092B68C" author="Klunzinger, KB" journalOrPublisher="Verlag der Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung (Otto Enslin), Berlin" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" title="Die Korallthiere des Rothen Meeres. 1: Die Alcyonarien und Malacodermen" year="1877">Klunzinger 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recent work by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B7B2EBECAE33272C7B2C1C7135C4B54" author="Hibino, Y" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="31 - 43" title="Molecular and morphological evidence for conspecificity of two common Indo-Pacific species of Palythoa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)." url="10.1007/s10750-013-1587-5" volume="733" year="2013">Hibino et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicates the species may include some junior synonyms, and has a wide distribution across the subtropical and tropical Indo-Pacific. Polyps are embedded within a well-developed coenenchyme (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F6295C4E8B8E20E6E07E005226D920FB" originalValue="‘immersae’">'immersae'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C881DEC4BBC65D6FB470DCA7CA895977" author="Pax, F" editor="Spengel, JW" journalOrPublisher="Fischer G, Jena" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="157 - 330" title="Studien an westindischen Actinien." volumeTitle="Ergebnisse einer Zoologischen Forschungreise nach westindien von Prof. W Kukenthal and Dr. Hartmeyer R im Jahre, 1907" year="1910">Pax 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and colonies vary in color from fluorescent green-yellow to dark brown or even ochre (Figure 9A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81459309B2C2E53B7DD6E95D7A2F64CE" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Specimens in this study averaged 4.7 mm in polyp diameter (n=29 specimens), ranging from 2 to 8 mm. One specimen, RMNH Coel 40553, was notable for its very small polyps (average diameter 2.4 mm, n=10 polyps). Other colonies ranged from 3.1 to 6.5 mm in average diameter, similar to previous reported sizes. All specimens were
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E913C11E5C1A2C26A903BAC78D71C52B" originalValue="‘immersae’">'immersae'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Generally, morphology fit well within the accepted range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="522A256807B7300311367E54D0633529" class="Anthozoa" family="Sphenopidae" genus="Palythoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palythoa tuberculosa" order="Zoantharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">Palythoa tuberculosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Table 1 in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7A14A9DC968123FCDCE36F0F8D42BA9" author="Hibino, Y" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="31 - 43" title="Molecular and morphological evidence for conspecificity of two common Indo-Pacific species of Palythoa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)." url="10.1007/s10750-013-1587-5" volume="733" year="2013">Hibino et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), although some
|
||
<normalizedToken id="720BB4C9269C62519A63DD2320882A3C" originalValue="specimens’">specimens'</normalizedToken>
|
||
polyps were somewhat smaller than previously observed. These smaller sizes may also be partly due to preservation methods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="42CC637EE9ADF6BCCB7410AA8AEA9072" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="82D839D6C20B01C6BBEEE806410437D1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5F8956846238AE6B98E30DDD77539D48" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Regions recorded in this study (Figure 7). West Bali (4), east Bali (5), northeast Sumba (6), south Flores (7), Komodo (8), Spermonde Archipelago (9), Salayer Island (10), Tukang Besi Islands (12), Maisel Islands (13), Moluccas (14), Bo Islands (15), Bunaken (18), Berau Islands (19), Sulu Islands (20), Cebu (21), Madang (22).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E2448ACAEB4FBCC96A8F5FEBB2F16503" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Previous records. This species has been phylogenetically confirmed as distributed over the entire subtropical and tropical Indo-Pacific, from at least the Red Sea to Singapore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5BC40263CA79DEA6C1B59AB2EA693AD5" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="Supplement" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="103 - 120" title="Preliminary molecular examination of zooxanthellate zoanthid (Hexacorallia, Zoantharia) and associated zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium spp.) diversity in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology." volume="22" year="2009">Reimer and Todd 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Taiwan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF86446D308AEC11C9BB20A635A7A7C4" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="363 - 371" title="Shallow water brachycnemic zoanthids (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) from Taiwan: a preliminary survey." volume="50" year="2011 c">Reimer et al. 2011c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Japan (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="89DD8023EB92CD1D680533B9AA6CAB33" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="261 - 275" title="Morphological and molecular revision of Zoanthus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) from southwestern Japan with description of two new species." url="10.2108/zsj.23.261" volume="23" year="2006 a">Reimer et al. 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), New Caledonia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="95CCC270076185B41D7EDE356A252493" author="Sinniger, F" editor="Payri, C" journalOrPublisher="IRD Editions, Noumea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="127 - 128" title="Zoanthids of New Caledonia." volumeTitle="Compendium of marine species from New Caledonia" year="2006">Sinniger 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the Galapagos Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0782F153DA03106F9F5607E826445AB1" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="Galapagos Research" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="14 - 19" title="Preliminary survey of zooxanthellate zoanthids (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) of the Galapagos and associated symbiotic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.)." volume="66" year="2009">Reimer and Hickman 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1099AA17612EF5955BF674ABA0042D9A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="12FD5F64159FCB1F6124A935E8A6C00A" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A790541799730AD8585DF3476722A573" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
It is highly likely this species is the senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD7B5002E66EEB918E65122DE845E19F" class="Anthozoa" family="Sphenopidae" genus="Palythoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palythoa caesia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caesia">Palythoa caesia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dana, 1846 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26DC8133A788464DC68EBB6ADEEC5165" author="Hibino, Y" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="31 - 43" title="Molecular and morphological evidence for conspecificity of two common Indo-Pacific species of Palythoa (Cnidaria: Anthozoa)." url="10.1007/s10750-013-1587-5" volume="733" year="2013">Hibino et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), described from Fiji and commonly reported from Australia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CB6CA9E02957B59598DEA50081D7E3AA" author="Burnett, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="55 - 68" title="Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Australia: systematics, evolution and a key to species." url="10.1007/s003380050060" volume="16" year="1997">Burnett et al. 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is also part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB2D55897EBD1A66E9A5AD3CA5A91B4B" class="Anthozoa" family="Sphenopidae" genus="Palythoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palythoa tuberculosa" order="Zoantharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">Palythoa tuberculosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E9871555518894E49ED80C3614A2E92" class="Anthozoa" family="Sphenopidae" genus="Palythoa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palythoa mutuki" order="Zoantharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mutuki">Palythoa mutuki</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3496519EB213913432104FA4D01EA63A" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="Coral Reefs" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="399 - 410" title="Diversity and evolution in the zoanthid genus Palythoa (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) utilizing nuclear ITS-rDNA." url="10.1007/s00338-007-0210-5" volume="26" year="2007 b">Reimer et al. 2007b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, M. Mizuyama and J.D. Reimer unpubl. data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |