422 lines
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XML
422 lines
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<treatment id="03EC879FFF9FFFE1A875AB00FE3E1200" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909449" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209589375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7909449" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC879FFF9FFFE1A875AB00FE3E1200" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC879FFF9FFFE1A875AB00FE3E1200" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A875AB00FEB110C1" ID-CoL="922R9" ID-ENA="442075" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[122,282,123,148]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A875AB00FEB110C1" box="[122,282,123,148]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
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clade
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The ‘
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A8A0ABBFFE85108D" box="[175,302,196,216]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
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clade’ is a relatively small clade recognized in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF9FFFE0A875AB9CFEF110AE" author="Espeland" box="[122,346,231,251]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Espeland" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="116 - 124" part="131" refId="ref36456" refString="Espeland, M., Breinholt, J., Barbosa, E. P., Casagrande, M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G. et al. (2019 a) Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116 - 124." title="Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Espeland et al. (2019a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and that work showed its placement as a weakly supported sister group to the much larger ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA7FAA72FCAA1148" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[624,769,265,285]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA7FAA72FCAA1148" box="[624,769,265,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’, which is also found in the extended backbone tree in this study (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF9FFFE0A870AA34FF711136" box="[127,218,335,355]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[122,218,1354,1373]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,126,1307]" captionTargetId="graphics-326@5.[251,1339,165,1253]" captionText="FIGURE 1 Summary tree based on the FULL dataset showing the major clades supported in this study. Colours are the same as in Espeland et al. (2019a). Support for major clades is shown. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7968436/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF9FFFE0A8CDAA34FF781136" box="[194,211,335,355]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</collectionCode>
|
||
1
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the FULL dataset it is, however, weakly supported as sister to a clade including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A979AA0AFE5011D0" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[374,507,369,389]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Chloreuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A979AA0AFE5011D0" box="[374,507,369,389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chloreuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA5AAA0AFD6211D0" authority="Forster, 1964" box="[597,713,369,389]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA5AAA0AFD6211D0" box="[597,713,369,389]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pareuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF9FFFE0A870AAEFFF7611FD" box="[127,221,404,424]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[122,218,1092,1111]" captionTargetBox="[155,1113,122,1050]" captionTargetId="graphics-415@6.[156,985,123,1051]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 Phylogeny of Euptychia based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7968438/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF9FFFE0A8CCAAEFFF7A11FD" box="[195,209,404,424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</collectionCode>
|
||
2
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in the 4GENES dataset (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF9FFFE0AA16AAEFFDDE11FD" box="[537,629,404,424]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[122,218,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[210,1466,123,1266]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Phylogeny of the Cyllopsis clade based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF9FFFE0AA52AAEFFDC111FD" box="[605,618,404,424]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">S</collectionCode>
|
||
3
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) it is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A875AACCFF54119E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[122,255,439,459]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Chloreuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A875AACCFF54119E" box="[122,255,439,459]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chloreuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and these two again are sister to the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA7FAACCFCAA119E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[624,769,439,459]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA7FAACCFCAA119E" box="[624,769,439,459]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies only sampled a few representatives and thus did not result in recognition of this clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF9FFFE0A870A964FE871266" author="Marin" box="[127,300,543,563]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Marin" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="768 - 785" part="42" refId="ref39677" refString="Marin, M. A., Pena, C., Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2017) Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Systematic Entomology, 42, 768 - 785." title="Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Marín et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF9FFFE0A935A964FD891266" author="Murray & Prowell" box="[314,546,543,563]" firstAuthor="Murray" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="67 - 80" part="34" refId="ref40211" refString="Murray, D. & Prowell, D. P. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 67 - 80." title="Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Murray & Prowell, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or subsumed it within the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A8A6A93AFEB61200" authority="Forster, 1964" box="[169,285,577,597]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A8A6A93AFEB61200" box="[169,285,577,597]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pareuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF9FFFE0A962A93AFDBD1200" author="Pena" box="[365,534,577,597]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Pena" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="243 - 258" part="39" refId="ref42528" refString="Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. & Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 243 - 258." title="Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2010">Peña et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but close relationships among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A8B2A91FFE97122D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[189,316,612,632]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A8B2A91FFE97122D" box="[189,316,612,632]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, species placed here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA19A91FFD0B122D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[534,672,612,632]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA19A91FFD0B122D" box="[534,672,612,632]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AAA4A91FFF1B12CE" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Chloreuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AAA4A91FFF1B12CE" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chloreuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A8D2A9FCFE9812CE" authorityName="Nakahara & Espeland" authorityYear="2022" box="[221,307,647,667]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cisandina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A8D2A9FCFE9812CE" box="[221,307,647,667]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cisandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were variously implied in these studies. The clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF9FFFE0A870A9D2FF6512E8" box="[127,206,681,701]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[122,218,1379,1398]" captionTargetBox="[145,1459,111,1338]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8 Phylogeny of the ’Archeuptychia clade’ + Chloreuptychia based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfy images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909411/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) currently includes 16 described species and at least three undescribed species. Currently, four genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA3FA9B7FD1112B5" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[560,698,716,736]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA3FA9B7FD1112B5" box="[560,698,716,736]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(seven species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A8C2A994FEE71356" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[205,332,751,771]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A8C2A994FEE71356" box="[205,332,751,771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(monotypic),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A9C5A994FD8B1356" authorityName="Nakahara & Espeland" authorityYear="2022" box="[458,544,751,771]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cisandina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A9C5A994FD8B1356" box="[458,544,751,771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cisandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(seven species) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AAD1A994FF4A1370" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stephenympha</emphasis>
|
||
(three species) are recognized in the clade. The two sampled
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A8A5A84FFE86131D" box="[170,301,820,840]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stephenympha</emphasis>
|
||
species are here found to be sister groups, with some support in the best trees (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF9FFFE0A9A5A82CFE77133E" box="[426,476,855,875]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FULL</collectionCode>
|
||
90/91, 4
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF9FFFE0AA3AA82CFDD0133E" box="[565,635,855,875]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">GENES</collectionCode>
|
||
90.2/88), and are well-supported as members of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A9E6A802FDC313D8" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[489,616,889,909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A9E6A802FDC313D8" box="[489,616,889,909]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’, but their exact placement within the clade needs to be investigated, since support of relationships within the group are rather low (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF9FFFE0AA60A8C4FD161386" box="[623,701,959,979]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[122,218,1379,1398]" captionTargetBox="[145,1459,111,1338]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8 Phylogeny of the ’Archeuptychia clade’ + Chloreuptychia based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfy images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909411/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Here, we provisionally move four species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A9E3A89AFDDC13A0" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[492,631,993,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A9E3A89AFDDC13A0" box="[492,631,993,1013]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA8BA89AFD6413A0" bold="true" box="[644,719,993,1013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
) that were placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A904AF7FFE3B144D" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[267,400,1028,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Chloreuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A904AF7FFE3B144D" box="[267,400,1028,1048]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chloreuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
prior to this study, since these species form a strongly supported clade that contains
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA26AF5CFF7B1408" authority="Butler, 1871" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="languida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA26AF5CFD79146E" box="[553,722,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euptychia languida</emphasis>
|
||
Butler, 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF9FFFE0A8F1AF32FE8C1408" box="[254,295,1097,1117]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A947AF32FE791408" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[328,466,1097,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A947AF32FE791408" box="[328,466,1097,1117]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but that excludes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA88AF32FF5614D5" authority="Cramer, 1780" authorityName="Cramer" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA88AF32FCA91408" box="[647,770,1097,1117]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Papilio chloris</emphasis>
|
||
Cramer, 1780
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF9FFFE0A923AF17FEFE14D5" box="[300,341,1132,1152]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A9CEAF17FDED14D5" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[449,582,1132,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Chloreuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A9CEAF17FDED14D5" box="[449,582,1132,1152]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chloreuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF9FFFE0AA5CAF17FD5714D5" author="Marin" box="[595,764,1132,1152]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Marin" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="768 - 785" part="42" refId="ref39677" refString="Marin, M. A., Pena, C., Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2017) Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Systematic Entomology, 42, 768 - 785." title="Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Marín et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Nakahara et al., in preparation). We do not know of any taxonomic issues surrounding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A924AFCAFE011490" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[299,426,1201,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A924AFCAFE011490" box="[299,426,1201,1221]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and thus this monotypic genus does not require study at present. Members of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA4DAFAFFD6A14BD" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[578,705,1236,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA4DAFAFFD6A14BD" box="[578,705,1236,1256]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’ are small to medium-sized butterflies, all rather typical of euptychiines in terms of size. However, unlike most other euptychiine groups, the clade harbours some of the more ‘showy’ euptychiines, with many species bearing iridescent blue or green dorsal and/or ventral coloration. Possible synapomorphies and distinctive characters for the clade include the following: (a) lamella antevaginalis at least somewhat sclerotized (the degree of sclerotization is apparently variable, ranging from a rather weakly sclerotized plate in species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA9BAE92FF4F1675" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herseis" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA9BAE92FF4F1675" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pseudeuptychia herseis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A8E1AD77FE921675" bold="true" box="[238,313,1548,1568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, to a more heavily sclerotized plate in species such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A8C8AD54FE2C1616" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[199,391,1583,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cluena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A8C8AD54FE2C1616" box="[199,391,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archeuptychia cluena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The male genitalia of species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AAC5AD54FF0B1630" authorityName="Nakahara & Espeland" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cisandina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AAC5AD54FF0B1630" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cisandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show some interesting features, such as a sclerotized portion of the manica extending from the phallobase, a character not observed in other euptychiines.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A940ADECFD8B16FE" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[335,544,1687,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Stephenympha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriphule">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A940ADECFD8B16FE" box="[335,544,1687,1707]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stephenympha eriphule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a uniformly sclerotized eighth tergite, which is an unusual feature for euptychiines otherwise known only for species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA22ADA7FD2E16A5" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[557,645,1756,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA22ADA7FD2E16A5" box="[557,645,1756,1776]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, a similar form of the eighth tergite is observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0AA21AD84FD3A1746" authorityName="Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca" authorityYear="2019" box="[558,657,1791,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cristalinaia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0AA21AD84FD3A1746" box="[558,657,1791,1811]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cristalinaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A89EAC5AFF501760" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[145,251,1825,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A89EAC5AFF501760" box="[145,251,1825,1845]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the eighth tergite of these species appears to have a membranous portion in the middle, thus not being uniformly sclerotized. Members of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9FFFE0A96CAC1CFE49172E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[355,482,1895,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9FFFE0A96CAC1CFE49172E" box="[355,482,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’ are known exclusively from east of the Andes, except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9EFFE1A9CEAB04FD0010C6" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1888" box="[449,683,127,147]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hemileuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9EFFE1A9CEAB04FD0010C6" box="[449,683,127,147]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pseudeuptychia hemileuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is still known only from a single
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF9EFFE1A996ABDAFE4F10E0" box="[409,484,161,181]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, that was reportedly collected in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527619FF9EFFE1A8EEABBFFE90108D" box="[225,315,196,216]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Some species are confined to cloud forest along the slopes of the eastern Andes, while the majority of species occur in lowland rainforest from the Amazon basin and/or Guianas, with a few species found in the Atlantic coastal forest of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3527619FF9EFFE1AA3AAA57FDC01115" box="[565,619,300,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Information on the early stage biology for species in the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9EFFE1AA0AAA34FD2F1136" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[517,644,335,355]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Archeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9EFFE1AA0AAA34FD2F1136" box="[517,644,335,355]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Archeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’ is limited, like many other major euptychiine clades, but the immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9EFFE1A8DCAAEFFE0B11FD" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[211,416,404,424]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pseudeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marica" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9EFFE1A8DCAAEFFE0B11FD" box="[211,416,404,424]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pseudeuptychia marica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9EFFE1A9A9AAEFFE5A11FD" bold="true" box="[422,497,404,424]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
and two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9EFFE1AAA4AAEFFCAA11FD" authorityName="Nakahara & Espeland" authorityYear="2022" box="[683,769,404,424]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cisandina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9EFFE1AAA4AAEFFCAA11FD" box="[683,769,404,424]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cisandina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recently described, with caterpillars feeding on the herbaceous bamboo genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9EFFE1A91CAAA2FEFD11B8" box="[275,342,473,493]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pariana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9EFFE1A91CAAA2FEFD11B8" box="[275,342,473,493]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Pariana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9EFFE1A96DAAA2FE3811B8" box="[354,403,473,493]" class="Insecta" family="Lasiocampidae" genus="Olyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9EFFE1A96DAAA2FE3811B8" box="[354,403,473,493]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Olyra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9EFFE1A9CBAAA2FDA611B8" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1936" box="[452,525,473,493]" class="Arachnida" family="Cryptogeobiidae" genus="Taquara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9EFFE1A9CBAAA2FDA611B8" box="[452,525,473,493]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Taquara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9EFFE1AA16AAA2FDC011B8" box="[537,619,473,493]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Bambusoideae: Olyreae) (Nakahara, Rodríguez-Melgarejo, et al., 2022;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF9EFFE1AACDAA87FF411266" author="Tejeira" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tejeira" journalOrPublisher="Tropical Lepidoptera Research" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="96 - 100" part="31" refId="ref43361" refString="Tejeira, R., Ccahuana, R., Hurtado, T., Nakahara, S., See, J., Rodriguez-Melgarejo, M. et al. (2021) Immature stages of Chloreuptychia marica (Weymer, 1911) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 31, 96 - 100." title="Immature stages of Chloreuptychia marica (Weymer, 1911) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini)" type="journal article" year="2021">Tejeira et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and additional data will soon be published (Corahua-Espinoza et al., in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |