456 lines
62 KiB
XML
456 lines
62 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3848FF00B70DD513132638B55510E2E8">Taxonomic, palaeobiological and evolutionary implications of a phylogenetic hypothesis for Ornithischia (Archosauria: Dinosauria)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DB57F851E797A2774AA8AD7883051687">Norman, David B</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B04F6961B90B6E93271D41558B2E5F06">Baron, Matthew G</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9CAE9AF5E91E6C47E18584308C74AFB0">Garcia, Mauricio S</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60028BBD9B50FB6BC744A9C3810F0394">Müller, Rodrigo Temp</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9BA689EA1B7AACFABC09E2D758363A56">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B8E1AB3C57C8FAD90D367560F449E4DA">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E384A1C85161A43C54ACDB7CD0D021F5">2022-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="04CDEE02193A7CBA34D724DB4F47C0C2">196</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5DFC80D33D1643DB18399B9CB052BAD1" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac062</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DF87C3D22A0740AC07F951FEA6FEAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390822" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205697250" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7390822" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87C3D22A0740AC07F951FEA6FEAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87C3D22A0740AC07F951FEA6FEAE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1289" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286">
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<subSubSection id="C36C655ED22A0742AC07F951FB7BF909" box="[827,1271,1754,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936D5D22A0742AC07F951FB7BF909" blockId="13.[827,1271,1754,1778]" box="[827,1271,1754,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286">
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<heading id="D08181B9D22A0742AC07F951FB7BF909" box="[827,1271,1754,1778]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D22A0742AC07F951FB7BF909" box="[827,1271,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D22A0742AC07F951FC5BF909" ID-CoL="7WKN" ID-ENA="1603425" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[827,983,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Thyreophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thyreophora</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="134D2A50D22A0742ACDBF950FBA0F909" box="[999,1068,1754,1778]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,223,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,197,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-160@10.[145,1428,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Strict consensus treefrom the unconstrained analysis depicting nodenumbers mentioned in thetext and bootstrap values equal to or higher than 40%. Node numbers: 1, Dinosauria; 2, Saurischia; 3, Ornithischia; 4, Sulcimentisauria; 5, Parapredentata; 6, Unnamed; 7, Prionodontia; 8, Thyreophora; 9, Neornithischia; 10, Heterodontosauridae. Saltopus elginensis was removed from the strict consensus tree after an iterPCR analysis (Pol & Escapa, 2009). Silhouettes based on the artwork by Márcio L. Castro, Gabriel Lio, Rodrigo T. Müller, Maurício S. Garcia and John Sibbick." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381323/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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: stem/branch 8)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C655ED22A0742AC07F888FA0DF8AE" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="8BC936D5D22A0742AC07F888FA0DF8AE" blockId="13.[827,1442,1795,1878]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286">
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D22A0742AC07F888FBAAF8E3" box="[827,1062,1795,1816]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286">Definition adopted:</emphasis>
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The most inclusive clade that contains
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D22A0742AC9EF8AAFAF9F8CD" authority="Brown, 1908" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1908" box="[930,1397,1825,1847]" class="Reptilia" family="Ankylosauridae" genus="Ankylosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magniventris">
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D22A0742AC9EF8AAFB52F8CC" box="[930,1246,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286">Ankylosaurus magniventris</emphasis>
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Brown, 1908
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</taxonomicName>
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but not
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D22A0742AC5BF8CBFB1FF8AE" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1881" box="[871,1171,1856,1877]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D22A0742AC5BF8CBFB1FF8AE" box="[871,1171,1856,1877]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D22A0742ABE3F8CBFAFDF8AE" author="Sereno PC" box="[1247,1393,1856,1877]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1286" pagination="41 - 83" refId="ref29402" refString="Sereno PC. 1998. A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 109: 41 - 83." type="journal article" year="1998">Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF09665DD2290740AFADF905FC75F897" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381325/files/figure.png" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1288" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" startId="14.[145,225,1678,1700]" targetBox="[191,1375,197,1633]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2290741AFADF905FA1DF88A" blockId="14.[145,1426,1678,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AFADF905FF70F958" bold="true" box="[145,252,1678,1700]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Body plan evolution within
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2290741AD09F905FD31F95F" baseAuthorityName="Seeley" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[565,701,1678,1700]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Ornithischia</taxonomicName>
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and character states with phylogenetic importance for the present hypothesis. A, skeletal reconstruction of
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2290741AD07F920FC9DF93A" authorityName="Dzik" authorityYear="2003" box="[571,785,1707,1729]" class="Reptilia" genus="Silesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opolensis">
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AD07F920FC9DF93A" box="[571,785,1707,1729]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">Silesaurus opolensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a parapredentatan (stem lineage) ornithischian (after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2290741AA66F920FF4FF924" author="Dzik J" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" pagination="556 - 574" refId="ref24758" refString="Dzik J. 2003. A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaurian affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 556 - 574." type="journal article" year="2003">Dzik, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). B, skeletal reconstruction of
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2290741AD3EF942FC98F925" box="[514,788,1737,1758]" class="Reptilia" genus="Laquintasaura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venezuelae">
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AD3EF942FC98F925" box="[514,788,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">Laquintasaura venezuelae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a parapredentatan ornithischian (after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2290741AB82F942FA0FF924" author="Barrett PM & Butler RJ & Mundil R & Scheyer TM & Irmis RB & Sanchez-Villagra MR" box="[1214,1411,1737,1759]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" pagination="6" refId="ref23419" refString="Barrett PM, Butler RJ, Mundil R, Scheyer TM, Irmis RB, Sanchez-Villagra MR. 2014. A palaeoequatorial ornithischian and the new constraints on early dinosaur diversification. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 281: 6." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Barrett
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AA2EF941FACAF925" box="[1298,1350,1737,1759]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). C, skeletal reconstruction of
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2290741AEFFF96CFDFEF907" box="[451,626,1767,1788]" class="Reptilia" genus="Eocursor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AEFFF96CFDFEF907" box="[451,626,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">Eocursor parvus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a prionodontian ornithischian (after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2290741AB3BF96DFB4BF907" author="Butler RJ & Galton PM & Porro LB & Chiappe LM & Erickson GM & Henderson DM" box="[1031,1223,1766,1788]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref24114" refString="Butler RJ, Galton PM, Porro LB, Chiappe LM, Erickson GM, Henderson DM. 2010. Lower limits of the ornithischian dinosaur body size inferred from a new Upper Jurassic heterodontosaurid from North America. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277: 375 - 381." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Butler
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AB6EF96CFB0BF907" box="[1106,1159,1766,1788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). D, left dentary of
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2290741AFADF88FFE48F8E2" authorityName="Martz & Small" authorityYear="2019" box="[145,452,1795,1817]" genus="Kwanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamparkeri">
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<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AFADF88FFE48F8E2" box="[145,452,1795,1817]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">Kwanasaurus williamparkeri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(DMNH EPV.63136) in lateral view (modified from
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2290741ACE5F888FB23F8E2" author="Martz JW & Small BJ" box="[985,1199,1795,1817]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" pagination="7551" refId="ref26898" refString="Martz JW, Small BJ. 2019. Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae). PeerJ 7: e 7551." type="journal article" year="2019">Martz & Small, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). E, left ectopterygoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2290741AF90F8AAFE0CF8CC" authorityName="Martz & Small" authorityYear="2019" box="[172,384,1825,1847]" class="Reptilia" family="Silesauridae" genus="Asilisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kongwe">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AF90F8AAFE0CF8CC" box="[172,384,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">Asilisaurus kongwe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(NMT RB159) in posterior (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2290741AC6AF8AAFBAAF8CC" author="Nesbitt SJ & Langer MC & Ezcurra MD" box="[854,1062,1825,1847]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" pagination="813 - 873" refId="ref27675" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Langer MC, Ezcurra MD. 2019. The anatomy of Asilisaurus kongwe, a dinosauriform from the Lifua Member of the Manda Beds (~ Middle Triassic) of Africa. Anatomical Record 303: 813 - 873." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AC92F8A9FC69F8CC" box="[942,997,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). F, posterior portion of the right hemimandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2290741AE76F8B5FD95F8AF" authorityName="Martz & Small" authorityYear="2019" box="[330,537,1854,1876]" class="Reptilia" family="Silesauridae" genus="Asilisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kongwe">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AE76F8B5FD95F8AF" box="[330,537,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">Asilisaurus kongwe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NMT RB159) in lateral (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2290741ACF5F8B5FB1FF8AF" author="Nesbitt SJ & Langer MC & Ezcurra MD" box="[969,1171,1854,1876]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" pagination="813 - 873" refId="ref27675" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Langer MC, Ezcurra MD. 2019. The anatomy of Asilisaurus kongwe, a dinosauriform from the Lifua Member of the Manda Beds (~ Middle Triassic) of Africa. Anatomical Record 303: 813 - 873." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AB22F8B4FBDFF8AF" box="[1054,1107,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). G, partial left dentary of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2290741AF96F8D0FEFBF88A" authorityName="Martz & Small" authorityYear="2019" box="[170,375,1883,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Silesauridae" genus="Asilisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kongwe">
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||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AF96F8D0FEFBF88A" box="[170,375,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">Asilisaurus kongwe</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(NMT RB159) in occlusal view (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2290741AC5BF8D0FBBCF88A" author="Nesbitt SJ & Langer MC & Ezcurra MD" box="[871,1072,1883,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" pagination="813 - 873" refId="ref27675" refString="Nesbitt SJ, Langer MC, Ezcurra MD. 2019. The anatomy of Asilisaurus kongwe, a dinosauriform from the Lifua Member of the Manda Beds (~ Middle Triassic) of Africa. Anatomical Record 303: 813 - 873." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Nesbitt
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2290741AC80F8D7FC7DF88A" box="[956,1009,1883,1905]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). H, left dentary of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2290741ABC3F8D7FA1DF88A" authorityName="Martz & Small" authorityYear="2019" box="[1279,1425,1884,1905]" genus="Kwanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1287" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Kwanasaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C655ED2280740AF9FFF4EFEA6FEAE" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AF9FFF4EFEA6FEAE" blockId="15.[163,779,197,341]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFF4EFE4BFF20" box="[163,455,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Characters in support:</emphasis>
|
||
Height versus length of dentary less than 0.2 (Char. 73: 1 → 0); concave caudal margin of the distal end of tibia (Char. 240: 0 → 1); and presence of osteoderms on the vertebral column (Char. 277: 0 → 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C655ED2280740AF9FFE05FDF5FE5D" box="[163,633,398,422]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AF9FFE05FDF5FE5D" blockId="15.[163,633,398,422]" box="[163,633,398,422]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<heading id="D08181B9D2280740AF9FFE05FDF5FE5D" box="[163,633,398,422]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFE05FDF5FE5D" box="[163,633,398,422]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AF9FFE05FED5FE5D" box="[163,345,398,422]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Neornithischia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A50D2280740AE55FE04FE21FE5D" box="[361,429,398,422]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,223,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,197,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-160@10.[145,1428,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Strict consensus treefrom the unconstrained analysis depicting nodenumbers mentioned in thetext and bootstrap values equal to or higher than 40%. Node numbers: 1, Dinosauria; 2, Saurischia; 3, Ornithischia; 4, Sulcimentisauria; 5, Parapredentata; 6, Unnamed; 7, Prionodontia; 8, Thyreophora; 9, Neornithischia; 10, Heterodontosauridae. Saltopus elginensis was removed from the strict consensus tree after an iterPCR analysis (Pol & Escapa, 2009). Silhouettes based on the artwork by Márcio L. Castro, Gabriel Lio, Rodrigo T. Müller, Maurício S. Garcia and John Sibbick." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381323/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
: stem/branch 9)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C655ED2280740AF9FFE3CFE05FDD3" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AF9FFE3CFE05FDD3" blockId="15.[163,778,438,552]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFE3CFE02FE30" box="[163,398,438,460]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Definition adopted:</emphasis>
|
||
The most inclusive clade that contains
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AE26FE5EFDE0FE11" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1881" box="[282,620,469,490]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AE26FE5EFDE0FE11" box="[282,620,469,490]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but neither
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AF9FFE7FFE6BFDF2" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1908" box="[163,487,500,521]" class="Reptilia" family="Ankylosauridae" genus="Ankylosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magniventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFE7FFE6BFDF2" box="[163,487,500,521]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Ankylosaurus magniventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AD22FE7FFC86FDF1" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1887" box="[542,778,500,522]" class="Reptilia" family="Stegosauridae" genus="Stegosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AD22FE7FFC86FDF1" box="[542,778,500,522]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Stegosaurus stenops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AFD5FD98FEF6FDD3" author="Cooper MR" box="[233,378,530,552]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="281 - 317" refId="ref24545" refString="Cooper MR. 1985. A revision of the ornithischian dinosaur Kangnasaurus coetzeei Haughton, with a classification of the Ornithischia. Annals of the South African Museum 95: 281 - 317." type="journal article" year="1985">Cooper, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C655ED2280740AF9FFDDAFD6CFC43" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AF9FFDDAFD6CFC43" blockId="15.[163,780,593,952]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFDDAFE4CFD9C" box="[163,448,593,615]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Characters in support:</emphasis>
|
||
Retroarticular process of articular longer than the height of the mandible ventral to the glenoid (Char. 81: 0 → 1); thicker portion of the supra-acetabular crest of the ilium closer to the pubic peduncle (Char. 172: 0 → 1); supra-acetabular crest of the ilium extends along the length of pubic peduncle (Char. 173: 0 → 1); brevis fossa of the ilium is directed ventrally (Char. 177: 1 → 0); anterior trochanter (or lesser trochanter) of the femur approaches the proximal articulation of the bone (Char. 212: 2 → 3;
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A50D2280740AF9FFC0FFF7FFC62" box="[163,243,900,922]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,225,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[191,1375,197,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[190,1380,195,1638]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Body plan evolution within Ornithischia and character states with phylogenetic importance for the present hypothesis. A, skeletal reconstruction of Silesaurus opolensis, a parapredentatan (stem lineage) ornithischian (after Dzik, 2003). B, skeletal reconstruction of Laquintasaura venezuelae, a parapredentatan ornithischian (after Barrett et al., 2014). C, skeletal reconstruction of Eocursor parvus, a prionodontian ornithischian (after Butler et al., 2010). D, left dentary of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (DMNH EPV.63136) in lateral view (modified from Martz & Small, 2019). E, left ectopterygoid of Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT RB159) in posterior (modified from Nesbitt et al., 2019). F, posterior portion of the right hemimandible of Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT RB159) in lateral (modified from Nesbitt et al., 2019). G, partial left dentary of Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT RB159) in occlusal view (modified from Nesbitt et al., 2019). H, left dentary of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (DMNH EPV.63136) in medial view (modified from Martz & Small, 2019). I, isolated tooth of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (DMNH EPV.63843) in labial view (modified from Martz & Small, 2019). J, proximal portion of the right femur of Sacisaurus agudoensis (MCN PV100014) in caudomedial view. K, right maxilla of Echinodon becklesii (NHMUK OR48211) in lateral view (modified from Sereno, 2012). L, right tibia of Eocursor parvus (SAM-PK-K8025) in proximal view. M, left pelvic elements of Heterodontosaurus tucki (SAM-PK-K1332) in lateral view. N, skull of Heterodontosaurus tucki (SAM-PK-K1332) in right lateral view. O, cervical 6 and 7 of Heterodontosaurus tucki (SAM-PK-K1332) in left lateral view. P, proximal portion of the right tibia of Eocursor parvus (SAM-PK-K8025) in lateral view. Q, left ischium of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (SAM-PK-K1105) in medial view (modified from Baron et al., 2017a). R, proximal portion of the left femur of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (BP/1/6582) in lateral view. Elements are not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381325/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Fig. 7R</figureCitation>
|
||
); and facies articularis antitrochanterica of the femur is not ‘ventrally inclined’ (Char. 216: 1 → 0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C655ED2280740AF9FFC7AFD5FFBF2" box="[163,723,1009,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AF9FFC7AFD5FFBF2" blockId="15.[163,723,1009,1033]" box="[163,723,1009,1033]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<heading id="D08181B9D2280740AF9FFC7AFD5FFBF2" box="[163,723,1009,1033]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFC7AFD5FFBF2" box="[163,723,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AF9FFC7AFE28FBF2" box="[163,420,1009,1033]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Heterodontosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A50D2280740AE88FC7AFE74FBF2" box="[436,504,1009,1033]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,223,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[146,1426,197,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-160@10.[145,1428,195,1478]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Strict consensus treefrom the unconstrained analysis depicting nodenumbers mentioned in thetext and bootstrap values equal to or higher than 40%. Node numbers: 1, Dinosauria; 2, Saurischia; 3, Ornithischia; 4, Sulcimentisauria; 5, Parapredentata; 6, Unnamed; 7, Prionodontia; 8, Thyreophora; 9, Neornithischia; 10, Heterodontosauridae. Saltopus elginensis was removed from the strict consensus tree after an iterPCR analysis (Pol & Escapa, 2009). Silhouettes based on the artwork by Márcio L. Castro, Gabriel Lio, Rodrigo T. Müller, Maurício S. Garcia and John Sibbick." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381323/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
: stem/branch 10)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C655ED2280740AF9FFB92FEA1FB1D" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AF9FFB92FEA1FB1D" blockId="15.[163,780,1049,1255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFB92FE2BFBD4" box="[163,423,1049,1071]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Definition adopted:</emphasis>
|
||
The most inclusive clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AE0EFBB3FEC9FB97" authority="Crompton & Charig, 1962" authorityName="Crompton & Charig" authorityYear="1962" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tucki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AE0EFBB3FDE9FBB6" box="[306,613,1080,1101]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Heterodontosaurus tucki</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AD4CFBB3FEC9FB97" author="Crompton AW & Charig AJ" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="1074 - 1077" refId="ref24579" refString="Crompton AW, Charig AJ. 1962. A new ornithischian from the Upper Triassic of South Africa. Nature 196: 1074 - 1077." type="journal article" year="1962">Crompton & Charig, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AE8BFBDDFC8FFB90" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1881" box="[439,771,1110,1131]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AE8BFBDDFC8FFB90" box="[439,771,1110,1131]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AF9FFBFEFC89FB71" authority="Gilmore, 1931" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1931" box="[163,773,1141,1163]" class="Reptilia" family="Pachycephalosauridae" genus="Pachycephalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wyomingensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFBFEFDC1FB70" box="[163,589,1141,1163]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis</emphasis>
|
||
Gilmore, 1931
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AF9FFB1FFDDDFB52" authority="Marsh, 1889" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1889" box="[163,593,1172,1194]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horridus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFB1FFE2AFB52" box="[163,422,1172,1193]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Triceratops horridus</emphasis>
|
||
Marsh, 1889
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AD5DFB1FFECDFB33" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1908" class="Reptilia" family="Ankylosauridae" genus="Ankylosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magniventris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AD5DFB1FFECDFB33" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Ankylosaurus magniventris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AE57FB38FDD1FB33" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1887" box="[363,605,1203,1224]" class="Reptilia" family="Stegosauridae" genus="Stegosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AE57FB38FDD1FB33" box="[363,605,1203,1224]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Stegosaurus stenops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AD8FFB38FF56FB1D" author="Sereno PC" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="41 - 83" refId="ref29402" refString="Sereno PC. 1998. A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie Abhandlungen 109: 41 - 83." type="journal article" year="1998">Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AFDAFB5AFE91FB1C" author="Sereno PC" box="[230,285,1233,1255]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref29452" refString="Sereno PC. 2005. Stem Archosauria v. 1.0. In: Sereno PC, McAllister S, Brusatte SL. TaxonSearch: a relational database for suprageneric taxa and phylogenetic definitions. PhyloInformatics 8: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C655ED2280740AF9FFA9EFAF2FE8F" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AF9FFA9EFAF2FE8F" blockId="15.[163,779,1301,1599]" lastBlockId="15.[827,1443,197,372]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FFA9EFE10FAD0" box="[163,412,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Characters in support:</emphasis>
|
||
Substantial diastema of at least one crown’s length between maxillary and premaxillary teeth (Char. 21: 0 → 1); acute angle between ascending process and caudal process of jugal (Char. 50: 0 → 1); three premaxillary teeth (Char. 84: 2 → 0); maxillary/ dentary teeth lack medial or lateral overlap of adjacent crowns (Char. 91: 1 → 0); distal margin of middle maxillary/dentary teeth never or subtly expanded at the base (Char. 94: 1 → 0); sacral ribs almost entirely restricted to a single sacral vertebra (Char. 129: 1 → 0); olecranon process of ulna enlarged and strongly striated (Char. 149: 0 → 1); fossa for the attachment of m. caudofemoralis brevis on the ventral surface of postacetabular part of ilium (Char. 174: 1 → 2); entirely convex dorsal margin of the ilium (Char. 180: 0 → 1); and astragalus-calcaneum co-ossified (Char. 258: 0 → 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2F92F3ED2280740ACA0FE3AFA9FFDCD" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740ACA0FE3AFACEFE31" blockId="15.[924,1346,433,488]" box="[924,1346,433,458]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<heading id="D08181B9D2280740ACA0FE3AFACEFE31" allCaps="true" box="[924,1346,433,458]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" reason="1">SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY:</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740ACCAFE44FB6BFE13" blockId="15.[924,1346,433,488]" box="[1014,1255,463,488]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">THE NEW CLADES</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740ACE2FE7DFB72FDF4" blockId="15.[990,1278,502,527]" box="[990,1278,502,527]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740ACE2FE7DFB72FDF4" authority="OWEN, 1842" authorityName="OWEN" authorityYear="1842" box="[990,1278,502,527]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
|
||
DINOSAURIA
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AB4FFE7DFB72FDF4" author="Owen R" box="[1139,1278,502,527]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="60 - 204" refId="ref28336" refString="Owen R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Part 2. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Plymouth) XI: 60 - 204." type="journal article" year="1842">OWEN, 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740ACF6FD96FA9FFDCD" blockId="15.[970,1299,541,566]" box="[970,1299,541,566]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740ACF6FD96FA9FFDCD" authority="SEELEY, 1888" authorityName="SEELEY" authorityYear="1888" box="[970,1299,541,566]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
|
||
ORNITHISCHIA
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AB4AFD96FA9FFDCD" author="Seeley HG" box="[1142,1299,541,566]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="165 - 171" refId="ref29294" refString="Seeley HG. 1888. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 43: 165 - 171." type="journal article" year="1888">SEELEY, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2F92F3ED2280740ACF4FDC8FA28FADD" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740ACF4FDC8FA99FDA0" blockId="15.[968,1301,579,603]" box="[968,1301,579,603]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<heading id="D08181B9D2280740ACF4FDC8FA99FDA0" box="[968,1301,579,603]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740ACF4FDC8FA99FDA0" bold="true" box="[968,1301,579,603]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">PARAPREDENTATA (NOVUM)</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AC07FDE7FC25FD44" blockId="15.[827,1443,620,703]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC07FDE7FC38FD7A" box="[827,948,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Definition:</emphasis>
|
||
Node-based. The least inclusive clade that includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AC9BFD01FB68FD64" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1881" box="[935,1252,650,671]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernissartensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC9BFD01FB68FD64" box="[935,1252,650,671]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Iguanodon bernissartensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AA18FD01FC2EFD45" authorityName="Dzik" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Silesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AA18FD01FC2EFD45" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Silesaurus opolensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AC07FD63FB82FB32" blockId="15.[827,1443,744,1226]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC07FD63FC4CFD06" box="[827,960,744,765]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
Meaning ‘like the predentary bearers’, because members of this clade possess an edentulous (beak-like) tip of the dentary. Within Parapredentata, this beak takes two distinct forms: a tapering of the anterior end of the dentary in some silesaurs, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AC5DFC09FB82FC6C" authorityName="Martz & Small" authorityYear="2019" box="[865,1038,898,919]" genus="Kwanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC5DFC09FB82FC6C" box="[865,1038,898,919]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Kwanasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A50D2280740AB18FC0AFB25FC6C" box="[1060,1193,897,919]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="14.[145,225,1678,1700]" captionTargetBox="[191,1375,197,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-24@14.[190,1380,195,1638]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 7. Body plan evolution within Ornithischia and character states with phylogenetic importance for the present hypothesis. A, skeletal reconstruction of Silesaurus opolensis, a parapredentatan (stem lineage) ornithischian (after Dzik, 2003). B, skeletal reconstruction of Laquintasaura venezuelae, a parapredentatan ornithischian (after Barrett et al., 2014). C, skeletal reconstruction of Eocursor parvus, a prionodontian ornithischian (after Butler et al., 2010). D, left dentary of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (DMNH EPV.63136) in lateral view (modified from Martz & Small, 2019). E, left ectopterygoid of Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT RB159) in posterior (modified from Nesbitt et al., 2019). F, posterior portion of the right hemimandible of Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT RB159) in lateral (modified from Nesbitt et al., 2019). G, partial left dentary of Asilisaurus kongwe (NMT RB159) in occlusal view (modified from Nesbitt et al., 2019). H, left dentary of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (DMNH EPV.63136) in medial view (modified from Martz & Small, 2019). I, isolated tooth of Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (DMNH EPV.63843) in labial view (modified from Martz & Small, 2019). J, proximal portion of the right femur of Sacisaurus agudoensis (MCN PV100014) in caudomedial view. K, right maxilla of Echinodon becklesii (NHMUK OR48211) in lateral view (modified from Sereno, 2012). L, right tibia of Eocursor parvus (SAM-PK-K8025) in proximal view. M, left pelvic elements of Heterodontosaurus tucki (SAM-PK-K1332) in lateral view. N, skull of Heterodontosaurus tucki (SAM-PK-K1332) in right lateral view. O, cervical 6 and 7 of Heterodontosaurus tucki (SAM-PK-K1332) in left lateral view. P, proximal portion of the right tibia of Eocursor parvus (SAM-PK-K8025) in lateral view. Q, left ischium of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (SAM-PK-K1105) in medial view (modified from Baron et al., 2017a). R, proximal portion of the left femur of Lesothosaurus diagnosticus (BP/1/6582) in lateral view. Elements are not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381325/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Fig. 7D, H</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740ABFAFC0AFAC0FC6D" authorityName="Dzik" authorityYear="2003" box="[1222,1356,897,918]" class="Reptilia" genus="Silesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740ABFAFC0AFAC0FC6D" box="[1222,1356,897,918]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Silesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AA5DFC0AFCFFFC4E" author="Dzik J" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="556 - 574" refId="ref24758" refString="Dzik J. 2003. A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaurian affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 556 - 574." type="journal article" year="2003">Dzik, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AC93FC2BFAE5FC4E" authority="(Ferigolo & Langer, 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Ferigolo & Langer" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[943,1385,928,950]" family="Silesauridae" genus="Sacisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC93FC2BFBBEFC4E" box="[943,1074,928,949]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Sacisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AB7FFC2BFAD3FC4D" author="Ferigolo J & Langer MC" box="[1091,1375,928,950]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref25018" refString="Ferigolo J, Langer MC. 2006. A Late Triassic dinosauriform from south Brazil and the origin of the ornithischian predentary bone. Historical Biology 19: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2006">Ferigolo & Langer, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and as a separate ossification, such as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AA22FC35FC26FC08" authority="(Mantell)" baseAuthorityName="Mantell" baseAuthorityYear="1825" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanodontidae" genus="Iguanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AA22FC35FA2EFC28" box="[1310,1442,958,979]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Iguanodon</emphasis>
|
||
(Mantell)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AC8AFC55FB2EFC08" authority="(Marsh)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" box="[950,1186,989,1011]" class="Reptilia" family="Ceratopsidae" genus="Triceratops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC8AFC55FBB6FC08" box="[950,1082,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Triceratops</emphasis>
|
||
(Marsh)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AB92FC56FA2EFC08" authority="(Marsh)" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" box="[1198,1442,989,1011]" class="Reptilia" family="Stegosauridae" genus="Stegosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AB92FC56FAB1FC09" box="[1198,1341,989,1010]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Stegosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(Marsh)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and many others (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AB6BFC77FB7CFBE9" author="Romer AS" box="[1111,1264,1020,1042]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" refId="ref29177" refString="Romer AS. 1956. Osteology of the reptiles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press." type="book" year="1956">Romer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AA3EFC77FBB0FBCB" author="Nabavizadeh A & Weishampel DB" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="1358 - 1388" refId="ref27262" refString="Nabavizadeh A, Weishampel DB. 2016. The predentary bone and its significance in the evolution of feeding mechanisms in ornithischian dinosaurs. The Anatomical Record 299: 1358 - 1388." type="journal article" year="2016">Nabavizadeh & Weishampel, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This name also references Predentata, the unused and largely forgotten historic name for ornithischians erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740ABECFBD3FAE6FB96" author="Marsh OC" box="[1232,1386,1112,1134]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="85 - 90" refId="ref26712" refString="Marsh OC. 1894. The typical Ornithopoda of the American Jurassic. American Journal of Science and Arts 48: 85 - 90." type="journal article" year="1894">Marsh (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The silesaurs within this new clade resemble node-based ornithischians in the possession of an edentulous beak-like rostrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AC07FB78FA28FADD" blockId="15.[827,1444,1266,1319]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC07FB78FC06FAF3" box="[827,906,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Range:</emphasis>
|
||
Middle Triassic, Anisian (~242 Mya)/Carnian (~230 Mya) – Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian (66 Mya).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2F92F3ED228075FAC07FADBFDE5FC20" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1289" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AC07FADBFAE1FA9E" blockId="15.[827,1389,1360,1381]" box="[827,1389,1360,1381]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<heading id="D08181B9D2280740AC07FADBFAE1FA9E" box="[827,1389,1360,1381]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC07FADBFAEAFA9E" box="[827,1382,1360,1381]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
Oldest known occurrence:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AB52FADBFAEAFA9E" box="[1134,1382,1360,1381]" family="Silesauridae" genus="Lutungutali" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sitwensis">Lutungutali sitwensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D228075FAC07FA05FE3FFCA4" blockId="15.[827,1444,1422,1598]" lastBlockId="16.[145,762,197,863]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1289" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC07FA05FC26FA58" box="[827,938,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AC84FA05FBC8FA5F" author="Dzik J" box="[952,1092,1422,1444]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="556 - 574" refId="ref24758" refString="Dzik J. 2003. A beaked herbivorous archosaur with dinosaurian affinities from the early Late Triassic of Poland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 556 - 574." type="journal article" year="2003">Dzik (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and illustrated an edentulous beak-like tip on the mandible of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AA18FA26FA11FA39" authorityName="Dzik" authorityYear="2003" box="[1316,1437,1453,1474]" class="Reptilia" genus="Silesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AA18FA26FA11FA39" box="[1316,1437,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Silesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. When
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740ACB8FA47FB8FFA1A" baseAuthorityName="Ferigolo & Langer" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[900,1027,1484,1505]" family="Silesauridae" genus="Sacisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740ACB8FA47FB8FFA1A" box="[900,1027,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Sacisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740ABEFFA47FC0EF9FB" author="Ferigolo J & Langer MC" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref25018" refString="Ferigolo J, Langer MC. 2006. A Late Triassic dinosauriform from south Brazil and the origin of the ornithischian predentary bone. Historical Biology 19: 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="2006">Ferigolo & Langer (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the beak-like tip of the dentary in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD8877D2280740AA7EFA61FA2FF9FB" box="[1346,1443,1514,1536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of this smaller silesaur was remarked upon as possible evidence of a close link between silesaurians and the ornithischians. Others dismissed this idea (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D237075FADA2FF4EFF45FF02" author="Nesbitt SJ" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289" pagination="1 - 292" refId="ref27335" refString="Nesbitt SJ. 2011. The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and origin of major clades. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 352: 1 - 292." type="journal article" year="2011">Nesbitt, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and some evidence was published to show the differences between the way that this beak formed in silesaurians and ornithischians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D237075FAD28FEAAFF45FEAE" author="Holliday CM & Nesbitt SJ" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289" pagination="555 - 571" refId="ref25490" refString="Holliday CM, Nesbitt SJ. 2013. Morphology and diversity of the mandibular symphysis of archosauriforms. Geological Society of London. Special Publication 379: 555 - 571." type="journal article" year="2013">Holliday & Nesbitt, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, this doesn’t preclude the possibility that a separate ossification started its ‘evolutionary life’ as part of the dentary that later became a separate bone in more derived taxa. Our new topology suggests that this could be the pattern of development of the anterior dentary of ornithischians, mirroring the appearance of the rostral bone in ceratopsians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D237075FADF1FE73FEC0FDD7" author="You H & Dodson P" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289" pagination="478 - 493" refId="ref29859" refString="You H, Dodson P. 2004. Basal Ceratopsia. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H, eds. The Dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 478 - 493." type="book chapter" year="2004">You & Dodson, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All taxa that possess a sharpened and edentulous anterior dentary within Prionodontia fall closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D237075FAE13FDDFFE4AFD91" authorityName="SEELEY" authorityYear="1888" box="[303,454,596,618]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Ornithischia</taxonomicName>
|
||
than they do to all other silesaurs. This topology is supported by other anatomical characters and is recovered entirely in the absence of an assumption that these features are homologous (only Prionodontia are scored as having a true predentary in these analyses). Should future evidence be found that supports the possible homology of this feature, the strength of the topology recovered here would only increase.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D2280740AF9FF9E0FC75F897" blockId="15.[163,1444,1643,1900]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AF9FF9E0FECCF97A" authorityName="Martz & Small" authorityYear="2019" box="[163,320,1643,1665]" genus="Kwanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamparkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FF9E0FECCF97A" box="[163,320,1643,1665]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">williamparkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DMNH EPV.63136) in medial view (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AC5DF9E0FBB7F97A" author="Martz JW & Small BJ" box="[865,1083,1643,1665]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="7551" refId="ref26898" refString="Martz JW, Small BJ. 2019. Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae). PeerJ 7: e 7551." type="journal article" year="2019">Martz & Small, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). I, isolated tooth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AA2EF9E7FECFF964" authorityName="Martz & Small" authorityYear="2019" genus="Kwanasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamparkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AA2EF9E7FECFF964" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Kwanasaurus williamparkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DMNH EPV.63843) in labial view (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AC59F902FBC8F964" author="Martz JW & Small BJ" box="[869,1092,1673,1695]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="7551" refId="ref26898" refString="Martz JW, Small BJ. 2019. Non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs from the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Eagle Basin, northern Colorado: Dromomeron romeri (Lagerpetidae) and a new taxon, Kwanasaurus williamparkeri (Silesauridae). PeerJ 7: e 7551." type="journal article" year="2019">Martz & Small, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). J, proximal portion of the right femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AE3EF92DFE78F947" authorityName="Ferigolo & Langer" authorityYear="2006" box="[258,500,1702,1724]" family="Silesauridae" genus="Sacisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agudoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AE3EF92DFE78F947" box="[258,500,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Sacisaurus agudoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCN PV100014) in caudomedial view. K, right maxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AB5AF92DFAB9F947" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1861" box="[1126,1333,1702,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Scutellosauridae" genus="Echinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="becklesii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AB5AF92DFAB9F947" box="[1126,1333,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Echinodon becklesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK OR48211) in lateral view (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AD77F948FD5CF922" author="Sereno PC" box="[587,720,1731,1753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="1 - 225" refId="ref29517" refString="Sereno PC. 2012. Taxonomy, morphology, masticatory function and phylogeny of heterodontosaurid dinosaurs. ZooKeys 226: 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="2012">Sereno, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). L, right tibia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740ACB9F94FFBBCF922" box="[901,1072,1732,1753]" class="Reptilia" genus="Eocursor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740ACB9F94FFBBCF922" box="[901,1072,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Eocursor parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAM-PK-K8025) in proximal view. M, left pelvic elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AE8AF96AFD30F90C" authorityName="Crompton & Charig" authorityYear="1962" box="[438,700,1761,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tucki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AE8AF96AFD30F90C" box="[438,700,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Heterodontosaurus tucki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAM-PK-K1332) in lateral view. N, skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740ABA1F96AFA2FF90C" authorityName="Crompton & Charig" authorityYear="1962" box="[1181,1443,1761,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tucki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740ABA1F96AFA2FF90C" box="[1181,1443,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Heterodontosaurus tucki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAM-PK-K1332) in right lateral view. O, cervical 6 and 7 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AC20F975FB90F8EF" authorityName="Crompton & Charig" authorityYear="1962" box="[796,1052,1790,1812]" class="Reptilia" family="Heterodontosauridae" genus="Heterodontosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tucki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC20F975FB90F8EF" box="[796,1052,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Heterodontosaurus tucki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAM-PK-K1332) in left lateral view. P, proximal portion of the right tibia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AD7CF897FD67F8CA" box="[576,747,1820,1841]" class="Reptilia" genus="Eocursor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AD7CF897FD67F8CA" box="[576,747,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Eocursor parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAM-PK-K8025) in lateral view. Q, left ischium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AA37F890FEABF8B4" authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="1978" class="Reptilia" family="Fabrosauridae" genus="Lesothosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diagnosticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AA37F890FEABF8B4" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Lesothosaurus diagnosticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SAM-PK-K1105) in medial view (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D2280740AC13F8B2FC7AF8B4" author="Baron MG & Norman DB & Barrett PM" box="[815,1014,1849,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" pagination="501 - 506" refId="ref23261" refString="Baron MG, Norman DB, Barrett PM. 2017 a. A new hypothesis of dinosaur relationships and early dinosaur evolution. Nature 543: 501 - 506." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Baron
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AC4AF8B2FC27F8B4" box="[886,939,1849,1871]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). R, proximal portion of the left femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D2280740AF9FF8DDFE4FF897" authorityName="Galton" authorityYear="1978" box="[163,451,1878,1900]" class="Reptilia" family="Fabrosauridae" genus="Lesothosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diagnosticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAC7D2280740AF9FF8DDFE4FF897" box="[163,451,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1288">Lesothosaurus diagnosticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BP/1/6582) in lateral view. Elements are not to scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D237075FAE09FC10FDD9FC4F" blockId="16.[309,597,923,948]" box="[309,597,923,948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D237075FAE09FC10FDD9FC4F" authority="OWEN, 1842" authorityName="OWEN" authorityYear="1842" box="[309,597,923,948]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
|
||
DINOSAURIA
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D237075FAEF5FC10FDD9FC4F" author="Owen R" box="[457,597,923,948]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289" pagination="60 - 204" refId="ref28336" refString="Owen R. 1842. Report on British fossil reptiles. Part 2. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Plymouth) XI: 60 - 204." type="journal article" year="1842">OWEN, 1842</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936D5D237075FAE1CFC49FDE5FC20" blockId="16.[288,617,962,987]" box="[288,617,962,987]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D56D237075FAE1CFC49FDE5FC20" authority="SEELEY, 1888" authorityName="SEELEY" authorityYear="1888" box="[288,617,962,987]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ornithischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
|
||
ORNITHISCHIA
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B24D237075FAEF0FC49FDE5FC20" author="Seeley HG" box="[460,617,962,987]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1289" pagination="165 - 171" refId="ref29294" refString="Seeley HG. 1888. On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named Dinosauria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 43: 165 - 171." type="journal article" year="1888">SEELEY, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |