455 lines
70 KiB
XML
455 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="C026DC671117E83713C89503B00AACC4" ID-CLB-Dataset="5941" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3760.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c3b88e8-5b57-422e-b030-ebbe65c9b246" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908941" ID-ZooBank="E05CF7B1-8410-4482-AB7D-DC9833479CC3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623106401317" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Sitjà, Cèlia & Maldonado, Manuel" docDate="2014" docId="03DF87B6296EFFC9FF30FA48CFE5FFAE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03760p179.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3760 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Axinella alborana Sitjà & Maldonado 2014, nov. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="FFE6FFCE2965FFDBFFA7FFB7CB00F903" masterDocTitle="New and rare sponges from the deep shelf of the Alboran Island (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean)" masterLastPageNumber="179" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1699002356133" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="60D8FA06755A990FC6A93E5A544333EC">New and rare sponges from the deep shelf of the Alboran Island (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5025B8D524FE87C93C2636ABE59A3B17" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="01EE6F1C209D16689DCA908D45295D0D">Sitjà, Cèlia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E8B1D776FF2D2978B1FA9A313522034D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9AE876816DDCE6488AE78C190AB3B50E">Maldonado, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="00A7F309151197BB84C29441E82D9BBF" type="email">maldonado@ceab.csic.es</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="3ABCB40F4F6CADE586F0FE63D88AB0DF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C1265DFFAAA3A1E320DACD96F8656DBB">
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<mods:date id="E0E61F15ABEA39C0B677CA47D11E3096">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B204F12AEE27FE52E9C9077D30C9C6AB">2014-01-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="836A10B8F53C029E196E103CFA8E4DE7">3760</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CD317AA52BBEF9424FC2D9172C7F832E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3760.2.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1E1FA22E34E49729C53DD0CD00EEEEEA" type="GBIF-Dataset">1c3b88e8-5b57-422e-b030-ebbe65c9b246</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DF87B6296EFFC9FF30FA48CFE5FFAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042231" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183203053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5042231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87B6296EFFC9FF30FA48CFE5FFAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87B6296EFFC9FF30FA48CFE5FFAE" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B296EFFD0FF30FA48CAD7FF19" box="[151,471,1535,1562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC936A0296EFFD0FF30FA48CAD7FF19" blockId="11.[151,491,1535,1595]" box="[151,471,1535,1562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">
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<heading id="D08181CC296EFFD0FF30FA48CAD7FF19" bold="true" box="[151,471,1535,1562]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB2296EFFD0FF30FA48CAD7FF19" bold="true" box="[151,471,1535,1562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296EFFD0FF30FA48CA72FF1A" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,370,1535,1561]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB2296EFFD0FF30FA48CA72FF1A" bold="true" box="[151,370,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">Axinella alborana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C9296EFFD0FEDEF9B7CAD7FF19" box="[377,471,1536,1562]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B296EFFD0FF30F995CAEBFF38" box="[151,491,1570,1595]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC936A0296EFFD0FF30F995CAEBFF38" blockId="11.[151,491,1535,1595]" box="[151,491,1570,1595]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134D2A25296EFFD0FF38F995CA24FF38" box="[159,292,1570,1595]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-178@16.[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A–B) Holotype of Axinella alborana nov. sp. seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of A. alborana nov. sp. (from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of Axinella spatula nov. sp., photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of A. spatula nov. sp., being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of A. spatula nov. sp. The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of Tragosia flustra (Topsent, 1892) collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">Figs. 6A–C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A25296EFFD0FE88F994CA3FFF39" box="[303,319,1571,1594]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,249,1192,1214]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-407@17.[151,1436,193,1170]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Axinella alborana nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens, consisting of styles (a) and oxeas (b) with acerate, blunt or mucronate ends (c). (B–C) Light microscope view of a style, with examples of the round end. (D–E) Light microscope views of oxeas. Note the varying curving angle, the anisoxea (an) character in some spicules, and the annular swelling (sw) of others. (F) SEM details of oxea ends, being typically either blunt or mucronate. (G) Light microscope view of the skeletal arrangement, showing a style embedded in spongin (s) in the extra-axial skeleton. (H) Light microscope view of oxeas at the extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton occurring either in paucispicular tracts (pc) or free (sn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908965/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">7</figureCitation>
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; Tables 2, 3, 4)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B296EFFD0FF30F9DDCF6DFF80" box="[151,1133,1642,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC936A0296EFFD0FF30F9DDCF6DFF80" blockId="11.[151,1436,1642,1991]" box="[151,1133,1642,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB2296EFFD0FF30F9DDCA1EFF80" bold="true" box="[151,286,1642,1667]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
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This species is named after the Alboran Island, where it occurs abundantly.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B296EFFC9FF60F939CFB0F8AE" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC936A0296EFFD0FF60F939CE4EFE34" blockId="11.[151,1436,1642,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB2296EFFD0FF60F939CAB3FFA4" bold="true" box="[199,435,1678,1703]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54CD8802296EFFD0FE1AF939C925FFA4" box="[445,549,1678,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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MNCN-Sp155-DR44A from type locality Stn. 44 (
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<tableCitation id="C6F4031B296EFFD0FBDAF939CFD5FFA4" box="[1149,1237,1678,1703]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,241,784,807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Information on sampling stations, indicating station number, type of collecting device (DR= dredge; BV= beam trawl), geographical coordinates of starting and end point of sampling transects, depth range (m) during the transect, and bottom type (R= rock, G= gravel, OG= organogenic gravel, RH= rhodolith bed, LS= lava stone bed)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" tableUuid="DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A25296EFFD0FB41F939CE2AFFA4" box="[1254,1322,1678,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,770,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-390@2.[151,1436,770,1586]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Localization of the Alboran Island in the Mediterranean. (B) Distribution of the 25 studied sampling stations over the bathymetric map of the shelf of the Alboran Island." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908943/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), a rocky bottom at depths of
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<quantity id="4C8E9B45296EFFD0FE37F905C938FFC9" box="[400,568,1714,1739]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.435" metricValueMax="1.52" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="143.5" valueMax="152.0" valueMin="135.0">135 to 152 m</quantity>
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on the Alboran Island shelf. Thirty-three
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<typeStatus id="54CD8802296EFFD0FB9EF904CFA4FFC8" box="[1081,1188,1715,1739]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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designated: MNCN- Sp03DR05A to C from Stn. 5; MNCN-Sp13-DR07A & B from Stn. 7; MNCN-Sp14-BV13A & B from Stn. 13; MNCN-Sp34-BV14A to F from Stn. 14; MNCN-Sp19-DR29A to D from Stn.
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<quantity id="4C8E9B45296EFFD0FBA9F94DCF4BFE11" box="[1038,1099,1786,1811]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="29.0">29 m</quantity>
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; MNCN-Sp146-BV33 A to N from Stn. 33; MNCN-Sp191-BV41 from Stn. 41; and MNCN-Sp155-DR44B from Stn. 44 (
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<tableCitation id="C6F4031B296EFFD0FB3DF8A9CFEEFE34" box="[1178,1262,1822,1847]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,241,784,807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Information on sampling stations, indicating station number, type of collecting device (DR= dredge; BV= beam trawl), geographical coordinates of starting and end point of sampling transects, depth range (m) during the transect, and bottom type (R= rock, G= gravel, OG= organogenic gravel, RH= rhodolith bed, LS= lava stone bed)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" tableUuid="DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134D2A25296EFFD0FB5AF8A9CE3DFE34" box="[1277,1341,1822,1847]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,770,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-390@2.[151,1436,770,1586]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Localization of the Alboran Island in the Mediterranean. (B) Distribution of the 25 studied sampling stations over the bathymetric map of the shelf of the Alboran Island." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908943/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC936A0296EFFD0FF60F8F5CFE8FEC4" blockId="11.[151,1436,1642,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">
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Comparative material:
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<typeStatus id="54CD8802296EFFD0FE6CF8F5C927FE58" box="[459,551,1858,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296EFFD0FD16F8F5CF1AFE58" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[689,1050,1858,1883]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB2296EFFD0FD16F8F5C85FFE58" box="[689,863,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">Axinella flustra</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B51296EFFD0FCC8F8F5CF11FE58" author="Topsent, E." box="[879,1041,1858,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref25943" refString="Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 2, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1892">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
=
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<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296EFFD0FB9EF8F4CE98FE58" authority="Topsent, 1892" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" box="[1081,1432,1858,1883]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
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<emphasis id="B902EAB2296EFFD0FB9EF8F4CFEEFE58" box="[1081,1262,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="152">Tragosia flustra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B51296EFFD0FB51F8F4CE98FE58" author="Topsent, E." box="[1270,1432,1858,1883]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref25943" refString="Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 2, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1892">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, since no
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<typeStatus id="54CD8802296EFFD0FEA5F8D1CA64FE7C" box="[258,356,1894,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
was designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B51296EFFD0FDF7F8D0C9FEFE7C" author="Topsent, E." box="[592,766,1894,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref25943" refString="Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 2, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1892">Topsent (1892)</bibRefCitation>
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for this species (Table 3).
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<typeStatus id="54CD8802296EFFD0FB98F8D1CFA6FE7C" box="[1087,1190,1894,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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||
were
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<specimenCount id="9D70FD29296EFFD0FB55F8D0CE9BFE7C" box="[1266,1435,1894,1919]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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||
(MOM-040044) from Bay of Biscay (Stn. 58;
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<geoCoordinate id="EE425067296EFFD0FD0EF83DC808FEA0" box="[681,776,1930,1955]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="43.666668">43º40’N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE425067296EFFD0FCB7F83DC867FEA0" box="[784,871,1930,1955]" degrees="8" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="-8.916667">8º55’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4C8E9B45296EFFD0FCD3F83DC8BCFEA1" box="[884,956,1930,1955]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="134.0">134 m</quantity>
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||
deep,
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||
<date id="FFC81060296EFFD0FBAEF83CCFB3FEA0" box="[1033,1203,1930,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" value="1886-08-07">7 August 1886</date>
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||
) and
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||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD29296EFFD0FB52F83CCE9BFEA0" box="[1269,1435,1930,1955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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||
(MOM-040272) from Azores (Stn. 247;
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE425067296EFFD0FDFBF819C9ECFEC4" box="[604,748,1966,1991]" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="23.500" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" precision="1" value="38.391666">38º23.500’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE425067296EFFD0FD54F819C888FEC4" box="[755,904,1966,1991]" degrees="30" direction="west" minutes="20.333" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" precision="1" value="-30.338882">30º20.333’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B45296EFFD0FC33F819C8DBFEC5" box="[916,987,1966,1991]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.18" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="318.0">318 m</quantity>
|
||
deep,
|
||
<date id="FFC81060296EFFD0FB83F819CFDBFEC4" box="[1060,1243,1966,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="152" value="1888-08-30">30 August 1888</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0966282975FFCBFF30F903CE96FEBC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" startId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" targetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02975FFCBFF30F903CE96FEBC" blockId="16.[151,1436,1716,1983]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFF30F903CA12FFC9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1716,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
(A–B) Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232975FFCBFE7AF903C994FFC9" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[477,660,1716,1738]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFE7AF903C994FFC9" box="[477,660,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Axinella alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFD3DF903C9EAFFC9" bold="true" box="[666,746,1716,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92975FFCBFD3DF903C9EAFFC9" box="[666,746,1716,1738]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232975FFCBFDBFF964C995FFEA" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[536,661,1747,1769]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFDBFF964C995FFEA" box="[536,661,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">A. alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFD39F964C9F2FFEA" bold="true" box="[670,754,1747,1769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92975FFCBFD39F964C9F2FFEA" box="[670,754,1747,1769]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232975FFCBFCC9F946CF1EFE04" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[878,1054,1777,1799]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFCC9F946CF1EFE04" box="[878,1054,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Axinella spatula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFB8AF946CF88FE04" bold="true" box="[1069,1160,1777,1799]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92975FFCBFB8AF946CF88FE04" box="[1069,1160,1777,1799]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232975FFCBFD4DF8A7C853FE25" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[746,851,1808,1830]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFD4DF8A7C853FE25" box="[746,851,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">A. spatula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFCFDF8A7C8ADFE25" bold="true" box="[858,941,1808,1830]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92975FFCBFCFDF8A7C8ADFE25" box="[858,941,1808,1830]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232975FFCBFBB0F8FACF80FE60" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[1047,1152,1869,1891]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spatula" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFBB0F8FACF80FE60" box="[1047,1152,1869,1891]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">A. spatula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFB20F8FACFD9FE60" bold="true" box="[1159,1241,1869,1891]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92975FFCBFB20F8FACFD9FE60" box="[1159,1241,1869,1891]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232975FFCBFAE5F8DACA83FEA2" authority="(Topsent, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22975FFCBFAE5F8DACBD9FEA2" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="157">Tragosia flustra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512975FFCBFF4FF83CCA7CFEA2" author="Topsent, E." box="[232,380,1931,1953]" pageId="16" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref25943" refString="Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution a l'etude des Spongiaires de l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 2, 1 - 165." type="journal article" year="1892">Topsent, 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0966282974FFCAFF30FB1FCA3DFC75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908965" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908965/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" startId="17.[151,249,1192,1214]" targetBox="[151,1436,201,1170]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02974FFCAFF30FB1FCA3DFC75" blockId="17.[151,1436,1192,1398]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22974FFCAFF30FB1FCA12FDBD" bold="true" box="[151,274,1192,1214]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232974FFCAFEBEFB1FCAD0FDBD" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[281,464,1192,1214]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22974FFCAFEBEFB1FCAD0FDBD" box="[281,464,1192,1214]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Axinella alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22974FFCAFE70FB1FC928FDBD" bold="true" box="[471,552,1192,1214]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92974FFCAFE70FB1FC928FDBD" box="[471,552,1192,1214]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens, consisting of styles (a) and oxeas (b) with acerate, blunt or mucronate ends (c). (B–C) Light microscope view of a style, with examples of the round end. (D–E) Light microscope views of oxeas. Note the varying curving angle, the anisoxea (an) character in some spicules, and the annular swelling (sw) of others. (F) SEM details of oxea ends, being typically either blunt or mucronate. (G) Light microscope view of the skeletal arrangement, showing a style embedded in spongin (s) in the extra-axial skeleton. (H) Light microscope view of oxeas at the extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton occurring either in paucispicular tracts (pc) or free (sn).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02974FFCAFF60FA15CAD9FFB4" blockId="17.[151,1437,1442,2007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22974FFCAFF60FA15CAF4FCB8" bold="true" box="[199,500,1442,1467]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" reason="1">Macroscopic description.</emphasis>
|
||
Erect, stalked, flattened sponge, typically attached to small fragments of rocks or shell fragments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252974FFCAFEF3FA71CAD0FCDC" box="[340,464,1478,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-178@16.[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A–B) Holotype of Axinella alborana nov. sp. seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of A. alborana nov. sp. (from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of Axinella spatula nov. sp., photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of A. spatula nov. sp., being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of A. spatula nov. sp. The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of Tragosia flustra (Topsent, 1892) collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F4031B2974FFCAFE7AFA71C934FCDC" box="[477,564,1478,1503]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="18.[151,241,476,499]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 4. Comparative data of Axinella alborana nov. sp. specimens, including branching level, color after preservation, and size range of styles and oxeas." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282977FFC9FF30FE6BC998FB10" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" tableUuid="DF0966282977FFC9FF30FE6BC998FB10">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The stalk is either cylindrical or compressed, no longer than one quarter of the total sponge length, and hardly recognizable in some specimens. The flattened part of the body is flexible and relatively rectangular, except for the apical margin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232974FFCAFD59F9B9C875FF24" box="[766,885,1550,1575]" genus="The" pageId="17" pageNumber="160" rank="species" species="lamina">the lamina</taxonomicName>
|
||
that may be irregularly lobate. Some specimens show an incipient, terminal ramification; none is markedly divided nor further branched. The sponges measure
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452974FFCAFAD5F985CBE9FF6D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="10.0">10– 28 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, with a lamina up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452974FFCAFDF0F9E1C9AAFF6D" box="[599,682,1622,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
in wideness and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452974FFCAFCD1F9E1C8D6FF6D" box="[886,982,1622,1647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in thickness. The surface is irregularly hispid, with no aquiferous opening discernible. The color ranges from creamy to reddish orange in life, clearing after preservation in ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02974FFC9FF60F975CF17F9D6" blockId="17.[151,1437,1442,2007]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22974FFCAFF60F975CA2DFFD8" box="[199,301,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Skeleton.</emphasis>
|
||
Megascleres are styles and oxeas (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F4031B2974FFCAFD1CF975C813FFD8" box="[699,787,1730,1755]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="18.[151,241,476,499]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="TABLE 4. Comparative data of Axinella alborana nov. sp. specimens, including branching level, color after preservation, and size range of styles and oxeas." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282977FFC9FF30FE6BC998FB10" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" tableUuid="DF0966282977FFC9FF30FE6BC998FB10">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Styles are slightly curved at a third of their length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252974FFCAFAC9F975CBDDFFFC" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,249,1192,1214]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-407@17.[151,1436,193,1170]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Axinella alborana nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens, consisting of styles (a) and oxeas (b) with acerate, blunt or mucronate ends (c). (B–C) Light microscope view of a style, with examples of the round end. (D–E) Light microscope views of oxeas. Note the varying curving angle, the anisoxea (an) character in some spicules, and the annular swelling (sw) of others. (F) SEM details of oxea ends, being typically either blunt or mucronate. (G) Light microscope view of the skeletal arrangement, showing a style embedded in spongin (s) in the extra-axial skeleton. (H) Light microscope view of oxeas at the extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton occurring either in paucispicular tracts (pc) or free (sn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908965/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Fig. 7A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
), with a regular round end that occasionally forms one or two slight subtyles and/or annular swellings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252974FFCAFAC8F951CBBBFE20" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,249,1192,1214]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-407@17.[151,1436,193,1170]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Axinella alborana nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens, consisting of styles (a) and oxeas (b) with acerate, blunt or mucronate ends (c). (B–C) Light microscope view of a style, with examples of the round end. (D–E) Light microscope views of oxeas. Note the varying curving angle, the anisoxea (an) character in some spicules, and the annular swelling (sw) of others. (F) SEM details of oxea ends, being typically either blunt or mucronate. (G) Light microscope view of the skeletal arrangement, showing a style embedded in spongin (s) in the extra-axial skeleton. (H) Light microscope view of oxeas at the extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton occurring either in paucispicular tracts (pc) or free (sn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908965/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pointed end is usually sharp, but rarely blunt ends occur. Styles measure 630–
|
||
<date id="FFC810602974FFCAFBD6F8BDCFFEFE20" box="[1137,1278,1802,1827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" value="2375-10-05" valueMax="2375-10-20" valueMin="2375-10-05">
|
||
2375 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452974FFCAFB61F8BDCFFEFE20" box="[1222,1278,1802,1827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
µm, although
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D70FD292974FFCAFF30F898CA40FE44" box="[151,320,1838,1863]" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
showed a low proportion (<1%) of abnormally shorter or longer styles, measuring respectively down to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452974FFCAFF5CF8E5CA53FE68" box="[251,339,1874,1899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="580.0">580 µm</quantity>
|
||
and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452974FFCAFE69F8E5C934FE68" box="[462,564,1874,1899]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="3000.0">3000 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F4031B2974FFCAFD08F8E5C804FE68" box="[687,772,1874,1899]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,241,784,807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Information on sampling stations, indicating station number, type of collecting device (DR= dredge; BV= beam trawl), geographical coordinates of starting and end point of sampling transects, depth range (m) during the transect, and bottom type (R= rock, G= gravel, OG= organogenic gravel, RH= rhodolith bed, LS= lava stone bed)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64" pageId="17" pageNumber="158" tableUuid="DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Oxeas are slightly or markedly fusiform, curved once or twice, either symmetrically or asymmetrically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252974FFCAFD6CF8C1C854FE8C" box="[715,852,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,249,1192,1214]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-407@17.[151,1436,193,1170]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Axinella alborana nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens, consisting of styles (a) and oxeas (b) with acerate, blunt or mucronate ends (c). (B–C) Light microscope view of a style, with examples of the round end. (D–E) Light microscope views of oxeas. Note the varying curving angle, the anisoxea (an) character in some spicules, and the annular swelling (sw) of others. (F) SEM details of oxea ends, being typically either blunt or mucronate. (G) Light microscope view of the skeletal arrangement, showing a style embedded in spongin (s) in the extra-axial skeleton. (H) Light microscope view of oxeas at the extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton occurring either in paucispicular tracts (pc) or free (sn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908965/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Fig. 7A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Points are usually acerate; anisoxeas are fairly common and variations like mucronate and blunt ends are frequent, depending on the specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252974FFCAFA89F82DCE8FFEB0" box="[1326,1423,1946,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,249,1192,1214]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-407@17.[151,1436,193,1170]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Axinella alborana nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens, consisting of styles (a) and oxeas (b) with acerate, blunt or mucronate ends (c). (B–C) Light microscope view of a style, with examples of the round end. (D–E) Light microscope views of oxeas. Note the varying curving angle, the anisoxea (an) character in some spicules, and the annular swelling (sw) of others. (F) SEM details of oxea ends, being typically either blunt or mucronate. (G) Light microscope view of the skeletal arrangement, showing a style embedded in spongin (s) in the extra-axial skeleton. (H) Light microscope view of oxeas at the extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton occurring either in paucispicular tracts (pc) or free (sn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908965/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Occasionally they are centrotylote, with annular or subspherical swellings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252974FFCAFC47F809CF38FED4" box="[992,1080,1982,2007]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,249,1192,1214]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-407@17.[151,1436,193,1170]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Axinella alborana nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens, consisting of styles (a) and oxeas (b) with acerate, blunt or mucronate ends (c). (B–C) Light microscope view of a style, with examples of the round end. (D–E) Light microscope views of oxeas. Note the varying curving angle, the anisoxea (an) character in some spicules, and the annular swelling (sw) of others. (F) SEM details of oxea ends, being typically either blunt or mucronate. (G) Light microscope view of the skeletal arrangement, showing a style embedded in spongin (s) in the extra-axial skeleton. (H) Light microscope view of oxeas at the extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton occurring either in paucispicular tracts (pc) or free (sn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908965/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="158">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
) being smooth or rarely rugose. They measure 260–650 x
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452977FFC9FE10FF20C91FF9B3" box="[439,543,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 µm</quantity>
|
||
, but shorter oxeas, down to 180 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452977FFC9FC12FF20CF0BF9B3" box="[949,1035,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 µm</quantity>
|
||
in length, occur respectively in 2 of the studied specimens. As a rule of thumb, oxeas are more abundant than styles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF60FF68CFB0F8AE" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
An axial skeleton is discernible in the stalk, made of ascending compact tracts of oxeas embedded by spongin and crossed by isolated (i.e., not packed) oxeas arranged confusedly. From the axial skeleton, an extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton emerges, consisting of ascending loose pauci—and multispicular tracts of oxeas reinforced with some spongin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252977FFC9FE50FEFBC952F866" box="[503,594,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,249,1192,1214]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-407@17.[151,1436,193,1170]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Axinella alborana nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens, consisting of styles (a) and oxeas (b) with acerate, blunt or mucronate ends (c). (B–C) Light microscope view of a style, with examples of the round end. (D–E) Light microscope views of oxeas. Note the varying curving angle, the anisoxea (an) character in some spicules, and the annular swelling (sw) of others. (F) SEM details of oxea ends, being typically either blunt or mucronate. (G) Light microscope view of the skeletal arrangement, showing a style embedded in spongin (s) in the extra-axial skeleton. (H) Light microscope view of oxeas at the extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton occurring either in paucispicular tracts (pc) or free (sn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908965/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the extra-axial region, there are isolated inter-crossed oxeas forming a confusing reticule-like arrangement (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252977FFC9FD93FED8C98DF88B" box="[564,653,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="17.[151,249,1192,1214]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,201,1170]" captionTargetId="figure-407@17.[151,1436,193,1170]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 7. Axinella alborana nov. sp.: (A) Line drawing summarizing the skeletal complement of the Alboranian specimens, consisting of styles (a) and oxeas (b) with acerate, blunt or mucronate ends (c). (B–C) Light microscope view of a style, with examples of the round end. (D–E) Light microscope views of oxeas. Note the varying curving angle, the anisoxea (an) character in some spicules, and the annular swelling (sw) of others. (F) SEM details of oxea ends, being typically either blunt or mucronate. (G) Light microscope view of the skeletal arrangement, showing a style embedded in spongin (s) in the extra-axial skeleton. (H) Light microscope view of oxeas at the extra-axial plumoreticulate skeleton occurring either in paucispicular tracts (pc) or free (sn)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908965/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Long styles, either isolated or in small groups (2–4), project outward from the spongin cover of the extra-axial tracts, piercing the sponge surface to make it hispid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0966282977FFC9FF30FE6BC998FB10" ID-Table-UUID="DF0966282977FFC9FF30FE6BC998FB10" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282977FFC9FF30FE6BC998FB10" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" startId="18.[151,241,476,499]" targetBox="[156,1395,558,994]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF30FE6BC998FB10" blockId="18.[151,1436,475,531]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FF30FE6BCA13F8F0" bold="true" box="[151,275,476,499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Comparative data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FDB9FE6CC9E9F8F0" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[542,745,475,499]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FDB9FE6CC9E9F8F0" box="[542,745,475,499]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Axinella alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FD5FFE6BC856F8F0" bold="true" box="[760,854,476,499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92977FFC9FD5FFE6BC856F8F0" box="[760,854,476,499]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens, including branching level, color after preservation, and size range of styles and oxeas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF3BFD99CE6DFAE1" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<table id="F976C40029770024FF3BFD99CE73FAE1" box="[156,1395,558,994]" gridcols="5" gridrows="11" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFD99CE73FB47" box="[156,1395,558,580]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFD99CA88FB47" box="[156,392,558,580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Specimen</th>
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFD99C998FB47" box="[460,664,558,580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Branching</th>
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FD74FD99C86FFB47" box="[723,879,558,580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Color (alcohol)</th>
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FC19FD99CF88FB47" box="[958,1160,558,580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Styles (µm)</th>
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFD99CE73FB47" box="[1212,1395,558,580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Oxeas (µm)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFDEFCE73FB6D" box="[156,1395,600,622]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFDEFCA88FB6D" box="[156,392,600,622]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp03-DR05A</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFDEFC998FB6D" box="[460,664,600,622]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">unbranched</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FDEFC86FFB6D" box="[723,879,600,622]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FDEFCF88FB6D" box="[958,1160,600,622]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">990–1800 x 10–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFDEFCE73FB6D" box="[1212,1395,600,622]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">270–560 x 5–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFD36CE73FB94" box="[156,1395,641,663]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFD36CA88FB94" box="[156,392,641,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp03-DR05B</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFD36C998FB94" box="[460,664,641,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">2 incipient branches</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FD36C86FFB94" box="[723,879,641,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">reddish orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FD36CF88FB94" box="[958,1160,641,663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">1100–2375 x 1–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFD36CE73FB94" box="[1212,1395,641,663]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">180–580 x 7.5–15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFD1DCE73FBC3" box="[156,1395,682,704]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFD1DCA88FBC3" box="[156,392,682,704]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp14-BV13A</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFD1DC998FBC3" box="[460,664,682,704]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">2 incipient branches</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FD1DC86FFBC3" box="[723,879,682,704]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">pale orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FD1DCF88FBC3" box="[958,1160,682,704]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">630–2075 x 5–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFD1DCE73FBC3" box="[1212,1395,682,704]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">260–650 x 5–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFD63CE73FBE9" box="[156,1395,724,746]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFD63CA88FBE9" box="[156,392,724,746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp34-BV14A</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFD63C998FBE9" box="[460,664,724,746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">2 incipient branches</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FD63C86FFBE9" box="[723,879,724,746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">pale orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FD63CF88FBE9" box="[958,1160,724,746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">580–1300 x 10–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFD63CE73FBE9" box="[1212,1395,724,746]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">125–620 x 5–15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFD4ACE73FA10" box="[156,1395,765,787]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFD4ACA88FA10" box="[156,392,765,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp34-BV14B</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFD4AC998FA10" box="[460,664,765,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">2 incipient branches</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FD4AC86FFA10" box="[723,879,765,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">whitish orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FD4ACF88FA10" box="[958,1160,765,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">975–2000 x 10–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFD4ACE73FA10" box="[1212,1395,765,787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">360–630 x 10–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFC91CE73FA3F" box="[156,1395,806,828]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFC91CA88FA3F" box="[156,392,806,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp19-DR29A</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFC91C998FA3F" box="[460,664,806,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">damaged</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FC91C86FFA3F" box="[723,879,806,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">pale orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FC91CF88FA3F" box="[958,1160,806,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">710–1625 x 7.5–15</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFC91CE73FA3F" box="[1212,1395,806,828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">360–610 x 7.5–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFCE7CE73FA65" box="[156,1395,848,870]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFCE7CA88FA65" box="[156,392,848,870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp146-BV33A</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFCE7C998FA65" box="[460,664,848,870]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">2 incipient branches</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FCE7C86FFA65" box="[723,879,848,870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">pale orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FCE7CF88FA65" box="[958,1160,848,870]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">630–1400 x 7.5–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFCE7CE73FA65" box="[1212,1395,848,870]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">290–580 x 10–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFCCECE73FA8C" box="[156,1395,889,911]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFCCECA88FA8C" box="[156,392,889,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp146-BV33B</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFCCEC998FA8C" box="[460,664,889,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">2 incipient branches</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FCCEC86FFA8C" box="[723,879,889,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">pale orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FCCECF88FA8C" box="[958,1160,889,911]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">730–2250 x 5–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFCCECE73FA8C" box="[1212,1395,889,911]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">280–620 x 5–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFC15CE73FABB" box="[156,1395,930,952]" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFC15CA88FABB" box="[156,392,930,952]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp191-BV41A</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFC15C998FABB" box="[460,664,930,952]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">unbranched</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FC15C86FFABB" box="[723,879,930,952]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">whitish orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FC15CF88FABB" box="[958,1160,930,952]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">825–1750 x 7.5–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFC15CE73FABB" box="[1212,1395,930,952]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">350–550 x 10–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354634E229770024FF3BFC7BCE73FAE1" box="[156,1395,972,994]" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="76975D9E29770024FF3BFC7BCA88FAE1" box="[156,392,972,994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">MNCN-Sp155-DR44A</th>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FE6BFC7BC998FAE1" box="[460,664,972,994]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">2 incipient branches</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FD74FC7BC86FFAE1" box="[723,879,972,994]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">reddish orange</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FC19FC7BCF88FAE1" box="[958,1160,972,994]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">1000–3000 x 10–20</td>
|
||
<td id="76975D9E29770024FB1BFC7BCE73FAE1" box="[1212,1395,972,994]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">390–600 x 15–20</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C652B2977FFC9FF60FB91CFE5FFAE" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF60FB91C8AFFD60" blockId="18.[151,1436,1062,1709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FF60FB91C938FD3C" bold="true" box="[199,568,1062,1087]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="1">Distribution and ecology notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The individuals were collected at the deep shelf (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452977FFC9FBC5FB91CFEAFD3C" box="[1122,1258,1062,1087]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.73" metricValueMin="0.8699999999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="130.0" valueMax="173.0" valueMin="87.0">87 to 173 m</quantity>
|
||
) of the Alboran Island, from rocky, detritic-organogenic gravel, and rhodolith bottoms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF60FBD9CA42FC85" blockId="18.[151,1436,1062,1709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FF60FBD9CAC9FD84" bold="true" box="[199,457,1134,1159]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" reason="1">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
No previously known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FD5CFBD9C89AFD85" box="[763,922,1134,1159]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FD5CFBD9C858FD84" box="[763,856,1134,1159]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Axinella</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Atlantic-Mediterranean area have characteristics similar to those of the new species (Table 3). The external morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FBD5FB23CFF8FDAF" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[1138,1272,1171,1196]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FBD5FB23CFF8FDAF" box="[1138,1272,1171,1196]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">A. alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FB5AFB24CE5BFDAE" bold="true" box="[1277,1371,1171,1197]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92977FFC9FB5AFB24CE5BFDAE" box="[1277,1371,1171,1197]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
bears some external resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FE55FB0FC95CFDD3" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[498,604,1207,1232]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FE55FB0FC95CFDD3" box="[498,604,1207,1232]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">A. flustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252977FFC9FDCAFB00C9E2FDD3" box="[621,738,1207,1232]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-178@16.[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A–B) Holotype of Axinella alborana nov. sp. seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of A. alborana nov. sp. (from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of Axinella spatula nov. sp., photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of A. spatula nov. sp., being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of A. spatula nov. sp. The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of Tragosia flustra (Topsent, 1892) collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Fig. 6H–J</figureCitation>
|
||
), especially to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512977FFC9FC28FB00CF4BFDD3" author="Topsent, E." box="[911,1099,1207,1232]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 279" refId="ref26012" refString="Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Acores. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 25, 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1904">Topsent's (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CD88022977FFC9FBF3FB0FCFB6FDD3" box="[1108,1206,1208,1232]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from Stn. 247 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134D2A252977FFC9FAC8FB00CBD5FDF6" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="16.[151,249,1716,1738]" captionTargetBox="[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-178@16.[179,1405,193,1696]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 6. (A–B) Holotype of Axinella alborana nov. sp. seen from its both sides (MNCN-Sp155-DR44A). (C) Holotype and 3 additional, collected specimens of A. alborana nov. sp. (from left to right, MNCN-Sp3-DR05A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33A, MNCN-Sp155-DR44A, MNCN-Sp146-BV33B). (D) Specimen of Axinella spatula nov. sp., photographed on board immediately after collection. (E) Preserved specimens of A. spatula nov. sp., being the first (from left to right) the holotype (MNCN-Sp145); the remaining specimens are BV33B, MNCN-Sp116-BV15A & B, and MNCN-Sp65-BV21B. (F–G) Blackish specimens (MNCN-Sp57-BV21A and MNCN-Sp57-BV21B, respectively) of A. spatula nov. sp. The former shows an incipient branching, while the latter is clearly branched and with no narrowing at the stalk. (H–J) Syntypes of Tragosia flustra (Topsent, 1892) collected by Topsent in 1888 (Stn. 247. M. O. M. 040272) and in 1886 (Stn. 58. M. O. M. 040044), respectively. The former (H–I) is shown on its both sides, being profusely ramified, while the latter (J) shows only 3 branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908961/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Fig. 6H–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nevertheless, both species strongly differ skeletally, having
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FC01FB6BCF12FDF6" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[934,1042,1244,1269]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Tragosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="flustra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FC01FB6BCF12FDF6" box="[934,1042,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">A. flustra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trichodragmata and shorter oxeas (Table 3).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FEB7FB48C974FC1B" authority="Pansini, 1984" authorityName="Pansini" authorityYear="1984" box="[272,628,1279,1304]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vaceleti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FEB7FB48CACEFC1B" box="[272,462,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Axinella vaceleti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512977FFC9FE7FFB48C974FC1B" author="Pansini, M." box="[472,628,1279,1304]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="79 - 98" refId="ref25376" refString="Pansini, M. (1984) Notes on some Mediterranean Axinella with description of two new species. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della Universita di Genova, 50 (51), 79 - 98." type="journal article" year="1984">Pansini, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also a flabellate species, but with a marked fan-shaped, undulating lamina, which is also larger (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452977FFC9FE52FA92C976FC3F" box="[501,630,1317,1342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="55.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="50.0">50–60 mm</quantity>
|
||
high) and thicker (
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452977FFC9FCC6FA92C8C6FC3D" box="[865,966,1317,1342]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than that of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FB07FA92CE2CFC3D" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[1184,1324,1317,1342]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FB07FA92CE2CFC3D" box="[1184,1324,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">A. alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FA9FFA93CE9CFC3D" bold="true" box="[1336,1436,1316,1342]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92977FFC9FA9FFA93CE9CFC3D" box="[1336,1436,1316,1342]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimens. Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FE19FAFDC939FC61" authorityName="Pansini" authorityYear="1984" box="[446,569,1353,1378]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vaceleti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FE19FAFDC939FC61" box="[446,569,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">A. vaceleti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smaller spicules, specially the styles, ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8E9B452977FFC9FB7EFAFECE9CFC61" box="[1241,1436,1353,1378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="860.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="270.0">270 to 1450 µm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512977FFC9FF39FADACA36FC85" author="Pansini, M." box="[158,310,1389,1414]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" pagination="79 - 98" refId="ref25376" refString="Pansini, M. (1984) Notes on some Mediterranean Axinella with description of two new species. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della Universita di Genova, 50 (51), 79 - 98." type="journal article" year="1984">Pansini 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC936A02977FFC9FF60FA25CFE5FFAE" blockId="18.[151,1436,1062,1709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FEC2FA25C930FCA8" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[357,560,1426,1451]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FEC2FA25C930FCA8" box="[357,560,1426,1451]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Axinella alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FD90FA26C995FCA8" bold="true" box="[567,661,1425,1451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92977FFC9FD90FA26C995FCA8" box="[567,661,1425,1451]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were investigated for the first time about twenty years ago, as part of a study on the deep-shelf Alboranian sponges carried out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512977FFC9FCF2FA01CF2CFCCC" author="Maldonado, M." box="[853,1068,1462,1487]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" refId="ref25005" refString="Maldonado, M. (1993) Demosponjas litorales de Alboran. Faunistica y Biogeografia, Ph. D. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 496 pp." type="book" year="1993">Maldonado (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Nevertheless, no description of material was published at that time because of the risk that the small individuals now described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FB7AFA6BCE63FCF7" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[1245,1379,1499,1524]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FB7AFA6BCE63FCF7" box="[1245,1379,1499,1524]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">A. alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FACEFA6CCBBAFF19" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92977FFC9FACEFA6CCBBAFF19" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
might correspond to juvenile stages of some poorly known, large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FC0CF9B7CF3FFF1B" box="[939,1087,1536,1561]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FC0CF9B7CF08FF1A" box="[939,1032,1536,1561]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Axinella</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
growing at the ill-known deep shelf. However, our recent exploration of those deep-shelf habitats using an ROV has revealed that there is no dense population of any other large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FD93F9FDC9C9FF62" box="[564,713,1610,1635]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FD93F9FDC991FF60" box="[564,657,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">Axinella</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the areas where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FC0CF9FDCF33FF60" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[939,1075,1610,1635]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FC0CF9FDCF33FF60" box="[939,1075,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">A. alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FB9BF9FECF9CFF60" bold="true" box="[1084,1180,1609,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92977FFC9FB9BF9FECF9CFF60" box="[1084,1180,1609,1635]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
occurs. In the light of these findings, the idea that the dense undergrowth of small individuals might correspond to juvenile sponges makes no sense and these small sponges can indeed be identified as adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232977FFC9FC5CF923CF81FFAF" authority="Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014" authorityName="Sitjà & Maldonado" authorityYear="2014" box="[1019,1153,1683,1708]" class="Demospongiae" family="Axinellidae" genus="Axinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alborana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FC5CF923CF81FFAF" box="[1019,1153,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">A. alborana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B902EAB22977FFC9FB20F924CFE5FFAE" bold="true" box="[1159,1253,1683,1709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23157C92977FFC9FB20F924CFE5FFAE" box="[1159,1253,1683,1709]" pageId="18" pageNumber="159" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |