treatments-xml/data/03/DF/87/03DF87B62962FFD2FF30FC15C972FA3B.xml

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<mods:title id="4ADCC5F80735D3C93A726306D45F9D63">New and rare sponges from the deep shelf of the Alboran Island (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D3E8CB296B4355E484F7DA6D6C33C2C1">Sitjà, Cèlia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D75795B52B514AC5498CA268F07A6722">Maldonado, Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03DF87B62962FFD2FF30FC15C972FA3B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042227" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183203063" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5042227" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DF87B62962FFD2FF30FC15C972FA3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DF87B62962FFD2FF30FC15C972FA3B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<subSubSection id="C36C652B2962FFDCFF30FC15C961FABF" box="[151,609,930,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC936A02962FFDCFF30FC15C961FABF" blockId="7.[151,609,930,990]" box="[151,609,930,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<heading id="D08181CC2962FFDCFF30FC15C961FABF" bold="true" box="[151,609,930,956]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232962FFDCFF30FC15C961FABF" authority="Levi &amp; Vacelet, 1958" authorityName="Levi &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,609,930,956]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eudermis">
<emphasis id="B902EAB22962FFDCFF30FC15C961FABF" bold="true" box="[151,609,930,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B902EAB22962FFDCFF30FC15CA57FABF" bold="true" box="[151,343,930,956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Jaspis eudermis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512962FFDCFEF8FC15C961FABF" author="Levi, C. &amp; Vacelet, J." box="[351,609,930,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref24919" refString="Levi, C. &amp; Vacelet, J. (1958) Eponges recoltees dans l'Atlantique Oriental par le &quot; President Theodore Tissier &quot; (1955 - 1956). Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 22, 225 - 246." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B2962FFDCFF30FC72CA88FADD" box="[151,392,965,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC936A02962FFDCFF30FC72CA88FADD" blockId="7.[151,609,930,990]" box="[151,392,965,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
(
<figureCitation id="134D2A252962FFDCFF38FC72CA03FADD" box="[159,259,965,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1330,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-267@7.[151,1436,1330,1863]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Specimen of Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958 collected from the Alboran Sea and photographed on graphic paper (MNCN-Sp71-BV10). (B) Three Alboranian specimens of Hemiasterella elongata Topsent, 1928 (from left to right, MNCN-Sp66-BV21, MNCN-Sp66 B &amp; A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908949/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="134D2A252962FFDCFEA9FC72CA1FFADD" box="[270,287,965,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,517,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of J. eudermis (Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">4</figureCitation>
; Table 2)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C36C652B2962FFD3FF30FBBACAF4F8D3" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC936A02962FFDCFF30FBBACFA2FD25" blockId="7.[151,1436,1037,1278]" box="[151,1186,1037,1062]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B902EAB22962FFDCFF30FBBACA80FD25" bold="true" box="[151,384,1037,1062]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" reason="1">Material examined.</emphasis>
Specimen MNCN-Sp71-BV10 collected from Stn. 10 (
<tableCitation id="C6F4031B2962FFDCFC4AFBBACF43FD25" box="[1005,1091,1037,1062]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,241,784,807]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Information on sampling stations, indicating station number, type of collecting device (DR= dredge; BV= beam trawl), geographical coordinates of starting and end point of sampling transects, depth range (m) during the transect, and bottom type (R= rock, G= gravel, OG= organogenic gravel, RH= rhodolith bed, LS= lava stone bed)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" tableUuid="DF0966282961FFDFFF30FCA7CE5BFA64">Table 1</tableCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="134D2A252962FFDCFBF6FBBACF91FD25" box="[1105,1169,1037,1062]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1608,1630]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,770,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-390@2.[151,1436,770,1586]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A) Localization of the Alboran Island in the Mediterranean. (B) Distribution of the 25 studied sampling stations over the bathymetric map of the shelf of the Alboran Island." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936A02962FFDCFF60FB86C8D5FD6D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1037,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<materialsCitation id="3B1E3CFD2962FFDCFF60FB86C8D5FD6D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3311766303" collectionCode="MNHN" elevation="330" latitude="37.783333" longLatPrecision="1179" longitude="-29.05" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" specimenCode="DCL-738" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Comparative material: 
<typeStatus id="54CD88022962FFDCFE6AFB86C935FD49" box="[461,565,1073,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232962FFDCFDF9FB85CF11FD49" authority="Levi &amp; Vacelet, 1957" authorityName="Levi &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="1957" box="[606,1041,1073,1098]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eudermis">
<emphasis id="B902EAB22962FFDCFDF9FB85C813FD49" box="[606,787,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Jaspis eudermis</emphasis>
Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1957
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED67AE652962FFDCFB85FB86CF79FD49" box="[1058,1145,1073,1098]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">MNHN</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DBD09EDB2962FFDCFB25FB86CFEFFD49" box="[1154,1263,1073,1098]" collectionCode="DCL-" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">DCL-738</specimenCode>
) from Princess Alice Bank, Azores (Stn. 62; 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4250672962FFDCFE46FBE2C93FFD6D" box="[481,575,1109,1134]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" precision="925" value="37.783333">37º47’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE4250672962FFDCFDE1FBE2C9AAFD6D" box="[582,682,1109,1134]" degrees="29" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" precision="925" value="-29.05">29º03’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C8E9B452962FFDCFD11FBE2C9FDFD6E" box="[694,765,1109,1134]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="330.0">
<elevation id="005BD1932962FFDCFD11FBE2C9FDFD6E" box="[694,765,1109,1134]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" unit="m" value="330.0">330 m</elevation>
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deep, 1955–1956).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936A02962FFDCFF60FBCEC9E2FDFD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1037,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B902EAB22962FFDCFF60FBCECAF3FD91" bold="true" box="[199,499,1145,1170]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" reason="1">Macroscopic description.</emphasis>
Creamy white (in alcohol), cushion-shaped sponge, being 45 x 
<quantity id="4C8E9B452962FFDCFB67FBCECE10FD92" box="[1216,1296,1145,1170]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
in size (
<figureCitation id="134D2A252962FFDCFAC8FBCECBBCFDB5" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1330,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-267@7.[151,1436,1330,1863]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Specimen of Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958 collected from the Alboran Sea and photographed on graphic paper (MNCN-Sp71-BV10). (B) Three Alboranian specimens of Hemiasterella elongata Topsent, 1928 (from left to right, MNCN-Sp66-BV21, MNCN-Sp66 B &amp; A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908949/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Consistency firm, but friable. Surface nearly glabrous, covered by a friable, detachable, thick membrane (crust-like), with no discernible aquiferous openings. At the zones where the ectosomal crust is lost, subdermal aquifer canals of up to 
<quantity id="4C8E9B452962FFDCFE3FFB52CAD2FDFD" box="[408,466,1253,1278]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="1.0">1mm</quantity>
in diameter are evident.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0966282962FFDCFF30F8EAC98FFEB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908949" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908949/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" startId="7.[151,249,1885,1907]" targetBox="[151,1436,1330,1863]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BC936A02962FFDCFF30F8EAC98FFEB3" blockId="7.[151,1435,1885,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="B902EAB22962FFDCFF30F8EACA42FE70" bold="true" box="[151,322,1885,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">FIGURE 3. (A)</emphasis>
Specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232962FFDCFE71F8E9C866FE70" authority="Levi &amp; Vacelet, 1958" authorityName="Levi &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="1958" box="[470,870,1885,1907]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eudermis">
<emphasis id="B902EAB22962FFDCFE71F8E9C97CFE70" box="[470,636,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Jaspis eudermis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512962FFDCFD22F8EAC866FE70" author="Levi, C. &amp; Vacelet, J." box="[645,870,1885,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref24919" refString="Levi, C. &amp; Vacelet, J. (1958) Eponges recoltees dans l'Atlantique Oriental par le &quot; President Theodore Tissier &quot; (1955 - 1956). Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 22, 225 - 246." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
collected from the Alboran Sea and photographed on graphic paper (MNCN-Sp71-BV10). (B) Three Alboranian specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D232962FFDCFC2AF8CBCE15FE91" authority="Topsent, 1928" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1928" box="[909,1301,1916,1938]" class="Demospongiae" family="Hemiasterellidae" genus="Hemiasterella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B902EAB22962FFDCFC2AF8CBCF7CFE91" box="[909,1148,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="148">Hemiasterella elongata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B512962FFDCFB23F8CBCE15FE91" author="Topsent, E." box="[1156,1301,1916,1938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 376" refId="ref26071" refString="Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l'Atlantique et de la Mediterranee, provenant des croissieres du Prince Albert I de Monaco. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1 - 376." type="journal article" year="1928">Topsent, 1928</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(from left to right, MNCN-Sp66-BV21, MNCN-Sp66 B &amp; A).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC936A0296DFFD3FF60FF20CF4BF866" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296DFFD3FF60FF20CA2DF9B3" box="[199,301,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">Skeleton.</emphasis>
Megascleres are oxeas, which seem to occur in two categories. Oxeas I are 1125–2000 x 
<quantity id="4C8E9B45296DFFD3FA8FFF20CE9CF9B3" box="[1320,1436,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" unit="mm" value="30.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="20.0">20–40 µm</quantity>
and fairly abundant. They are once or twice slightly bent, frequently asymmetric, usually with acerate tips, occasionally blunt (
<figureCitation id="134D2A25296DFFD3FED3FF68CAEFF9FB" box="[372,495,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,517,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of J. eudermis (Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4A–B</figureCitation>
). Oxeas I showing irregular shapes are also occasional (
<figureCitation id="134D2A25296DFFD3FBC2FF68CFBFF9FB" box="[1125,1215,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,517,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of J. eudermis (Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Oxeas II are 390– 
<date id="FFC81060296DFFD3FF30FEB3CA2CF81E" box="[151,300,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" value="1500-10-05" valueMax="1500-10-10" valueMin="1500-10-05">
1500 x 
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</date>
µm, and comparatively quite scarce; they are slightly curved, sometimes centrotylote, and with conical or acerate ends (
<figureCitation id="134D2A25296DFFD3FE16FE90C90EF843" box="[433,526,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,517,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of J. eudermis (Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Microscleres are oxyasters, with 12–20 conical, smooth actines (
<figureCitation id="134D2A25296DFFD3FAAAFE90CE8EF843" box="[1293,1422,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,517,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of J. eudermis (Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">Fig. 4A, D</figureCitation>
); their total diameter ranges from 
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, but with no discernible size categories.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936A0296DFFD3FF60FED8CAF4F8D3" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">
There is an ectosomal, crust-like skeleton consisting of abundant oxyasters and tangential oxeas (mostly 
<typeStatus id="54CD8802296DFFD3FACBFEC7CE9CF88B" box="[1388,1436,368,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">type</typeStatus>
II) irregularly disposed in small groups. The choanosomal skeleton consists of oxeas in disordered arrangement, along with abundant oxyasters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF096628296DFFD3FF30F9FDC912FFFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" startId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" targetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BC936A0296DFFD3FF30F9FDC912FFFA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1610,1785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296DFFD3FF30F9FDCA13FF63" bold="true" box="[151,275,1610,1632]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296DFFD3FEBCF9FCC9A5FF63" authority="Levi &amp; Vacelet, 1958" authorityName="Levi &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="1958" box="[283,677,1610,1632]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eudermis">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296DFFD3FEBCF9FCCABFFF63" box="[283,447,1610,1632]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">Jaspis eudermis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B51296DFFD3FE61F9FDC9A5FF63" author="Levi, C. &amp; Vacelet, J." box="[454,677,1610,1632]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref24919" refString="Levi, C. &amp; Vacelet, J. (1958) Eponges recoltees dans l'Atlantique Oriental par le &quot; President Theodore Tissier &quot; (1955 - 1956). Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 22, 225 - 246." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296DFFD3FA2DF910CBF4FFD8" authorityName="Levi &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="1958" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eudermis">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296DFFD3FA2DF910CBF4FFD8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">J. eudermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36C652B296DFFD2FF60F896C972FA3B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC936A0296DFFD3FF60F896C90FFE81" blockId="8.[151,1436,1825,2030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296DFFD3FF60F896C93DFE39" bold="true" box="[199,573,1825,1850]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" reason="1">Distribution and ecology notes.</emphasis>
Rare species, previously known only from Azores (eastern North Atlantic). The only specimen herein collected from a gravel bottom at depths of 
<quantity id="4C8E9B45296DFFD3FC1EF8F3CF3AFE5F" box="[953,1082,1860,1885]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.1399999999999997" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" unit="m" value="252.0" valueMax="290.0" valueMin="214.0">214–290 m</quantity>
provides the first record of the species in the Mediterranean Sea.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936A0296DFFD2FF60F83ACAC9F9D6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1825,2030]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296DFFD3FF60F83ACAC1FEA5" bold="true" box="[199,449,1933,1958]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" reason="1">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
Several species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296DFFD3FD0DF839C9F0FEA6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[682,752,1934,1957]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296DFFD3FD0DF839C9F0FEA6" box="[682,752,1934,1957]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">Jaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in the Mediterranean or/and in the adjacent eastern North-Atlantic zone, but most of them have spicules clearly smaller than those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296DFFD3FB94F805CFB4FEC9" authorityName="Levi &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="1958" box="[1075,1204,1969,1994]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eudermis">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296DFFD3FB94F805CFB4FEC9" box="[1075,1204,1969,1994]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">J. eudermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only exception is 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296DFFD3FF13F861C93BFEED" authority="(Topsent, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[180,571,2005,2030]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296DFFD3FF13F861CA7AFEEE" box="[180,378,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="149">Jaspis incrustans</emphasis>
(Topsent, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
, which has fairly large oxeas that reach 
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in length. Nevertheless, oxyasters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296CFFD2FE82FF2ECAB5F9AC" baseAuthorityName="Topsent" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[293,437,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incrustans">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296CFFD2FE82FF2ECAB5F9AC" box="[293,437,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="150">J. incrustans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
measure only up to 
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in total diameter and their actines are clearly spiny rather than smooth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B51296CFFD2FF5FFF0BCABCF9D6" author="Maldonado, M." box="[248,444,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" refId="ref25005" refString="Maldonado, M. (1993) Demosponjas litorales de Alboran. Faunistica y Biogeografia, Ph. D. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 496 pp." type="book" year="1993">Maldonado 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC936A0296CFFD2FF76FF68C972FA3B" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="150">
Our material fits reasonably the only brief description available for 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296CFFD2FC42FF56CF69F9FB" authorityName="Levi &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="1958" box="[997,1129,223,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eudermis">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296CFFD2FC42FF56CF69F9FB" box="[997,1129,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="150">J. eudermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which corresponds to the 
<typeStatus id="54CD8802296CFFD2FF30FEB3CBFCF81E" box="[151,252,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, a fragmentary, 2 x 2 x 
<quantity id="4C8E9B45296CFFD2FDAEFEB3C944F818" box="[521,580,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
, cushion-shaped sponge. It was reported to have a single category of 1200– 1650 x 
<quantity id="4C8E9B45296CFFD2FF4BFE90CA35F843" box="[236,309,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 µm</quantity>
oxeas (versus two in our specimens) and 
<quantity id="4C8E9B45296CFFD2FCAAFE90C880F843" box="[781,896,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="35.0">35–45 µm</quantity>
oxyasters. The oxyasters were pictured by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE74B51296CFFD2FACEFE90CA5AF866" author="Levi, C. &amp; Vacelet, J." pageId="9" pageNumber="150" pagination="225 - 246" refId="ref24919" refString="Levi, C. &amp; Vacelet, J. (1958) Eponges recoltees dans l'Atlantique Oriental par le &quot; President Theodore Tissier &quot; (1955 - 1956). Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Peches Maritimes, 22, 225 - 246." type="journal article" year="1958">Lévi &amp; Vacelet (1958)</bibRefCitation>
as having more than 10 actines with a smooth (not spiny) surface. Our revision of the 
<typeStatus id="54CD8802296CFFD2FA9DFEFBCE9CF866" box="[1338,1436,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
indicates that there are indeed two size categories of oxeas, discernible not only because of their thickness (1225– 1725 x 
<quantity id="4C8E9B45296CFFD2FF56FE23CA67F8AF" box="[241,359,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 µm</quantity>
and 660–850 x 
<quantity id="4C8E9B45296CFFD2FD8FFE23C993F8AF" box="[552,659,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 µm</quantity>
, with some occasional transitional stage), but also because of their shape, being the smaller category isodiametric and more markedly curved than the fusiform oxeas of the larger category. This reinterpretation of the oxea size distribution brings our specimen and the 
<typeStatus id="54CD8802296CFFD2FB2BFE6BCFEEF8F6" box="[1164,1262,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in full skeletal agreement, as they also share the general traits of the macroscopic morphology and skeletal architecture. Furthermore, they both are the only 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296CFFD2FD9FFD92C97EFB3F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[568,638,549,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296CFFD2FD9FFD92C97EFB3F" box="[568,638,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="150">Jaspis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
material in the Atlantic-Mediterranean region having large, &quot;smooth&quot; oxyasters with more than eleven actines. In this regard, our SEM re-examination of the 
<typeStatus id="54CD8802296CFFD2FB30FDF0CFF9FB63" box="[1175,1273,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
provides new interesting information. The oxyasters of the 
<typeStatus id="54CD8802296CFFD2FD00FDDBC809FB86" box="[679,777,620,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
measure 
<quantity id="4C8E9B45296CFFD2FCDBFDDBC8F2FB87" box="[892,1010,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="30.0">30–55 µm</quantity>
in total diameter and have 16 to 20 actines. Most of the actines are entirely smooth (
<figureCitation id="134D2A25296CFFD2FD44FD38C83FFBAB" box="[739,831,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,517,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of J. eudermis (Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
), as it also happens consistently in the Alboranian specimen (
<figureCitation id="134D2A25296CFFD2FEB2FD03CA74FBCE" box="[277,372,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,517,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of J. eudermis (Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Nevertheless, under high SEM magnification approximately 20% of the oxyasters of the 
<typeStatus id="54CD8802296CFFD2FF30FD60CBF9FBF3" box="[151,249,727,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
show subtle microspines in one or more of their actines (
<figureCitation id="134D2A25296CFFD2FC2DFD60C8E1FBF3" box="[906,993,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,517,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of J. eudermis (Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). In very few occasions, large, isolated spines also occur (
<figureCitation id="134D2A25296CFFD2FEC2FD4BCABDFA16" box="[357,445,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1610,1632]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,532,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-359@8.[151,1436,517,1589]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Jaspis eudermis Lévi &amp; Vacelet, 1958: (A) Line drawing of the spicule complement of the Alboranian specimen (MNCN-Sp71-BV10), consisting of oxeas I (a) with acerate or blunt ends (b), oxeas II (c) with acerate or conical ends (d), and oxyasters (e). (B) Light microscope micrographs of oxeas I (a) and oxeas II (b). (C) An abnormal end (ab) of an oxea I next to an oxyaster (ox). (D) SEM micrograph of an entirely smooth oxyaster. (E) SEM image of several oxyasters of the holotype of J. eudermis (Stn. 62 MNHN DCL738), one having some large spines (sp) on some actines. (F) Detail of an oxyaster actine of the holotype showing minute spines (sp)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4908953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4908953/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="150">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Therefore, the &quot;smooth&quot; nature of the actines of 
<taxonomicName id="4C764D23296CFFD2FC4AFD4ACF6EFA16" authorityName="Levi &amp; Vacelet" authorityYear="1958" box="[1005,1134,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="150" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eudermis">
<emphasis id="B902EAB2296CFFD2FC4AFD4ACF6EFA16" box="[1005,1134,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="150">J. eudermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is to be assessed in further detail when more specimens are collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>