230 lines
27 KiB
XML
230 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="5EBFA5F873B55D5BB45F0DAAF2B45FFA" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFFAF61489B53E3EF8A9F8A2" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nyctimene vizcaccia Thomas 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7DC701269E8A3C9B2F6BE328B517494A">
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<mods:title id="D24D9A679597ACDC1AD9031420C98856">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="280EF213F6A264BC123F9D5B362BC79C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="163945B5F4690B4A18AC8C2E621036F5">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="C33F8176EA6FA4205099BC08F8569A5C">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="92E6F201A79D40B594906AAE7141A045" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:placeTerm id="6976CBAEEFD4698E8447F6B55D20219D">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="CA9EC2BC48CCA1BB83C55D27A8885445">
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<mods:title id="714BF749C8CFA846D7BCFDF7532D74CB">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFFAF61489B53E3EF8A9F8A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794966" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFFAF61489B53E3EF8A9F8A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFFAF61489B53E3EF8A9F8A2" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF61489B53E3EFF5FF5CB" box="[171,250,2594,2640]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF61489B53E3EFF5FF5CB" blockId="62.[166,1288,2594,2720]" box="[171,250,2594,2640]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF61489B53E3EFF5FF5CB" box="[171,250,2594,2640]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFFAF61489B53E3EFF5FF5CB" box="[171,250,2594,2640]" captionStart="Plate 6: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="57.[107,137,3293,3318]" captionTargetBox="[11,2749,17,3661]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="95. African Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon helvum), 96. Madagascan Straw-colored Fruit Bat (Eidolon dupreanum), 98. Steadfast Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Paranyctimene tenax), 99. Broad-striped Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene aello), 100. Round-eared Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene cyclotis), 101. Mountain Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene certans), 102. Happy Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene wrighiae), 103. Lesser Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene varius), 104. Common Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene albiventer), 105. Dragon Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene draconilla), 106. Demonic Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene masalai), 107. Malaita Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene malaitensis), 108. Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene vizcaccia), 109. Island Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene major), 110. Philippine Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene rabori), 111. Pallas’s Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene cephalotes), 112. Keast’s Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene keasti), 113. Queensland Tube-nosed Fruit Bat (Nyctimene robinsont)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448867" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448867/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">108.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF61488123E3EFCC6F5CB" box="[268,867,2594,2640]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF61488123E3EFCC6F5CB" blockId="62.[166,1288,2594,2720]" box="[268,867,2594,2640]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF61488123E3EFCC6F5CB" box="[268,867,2594,2640]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF61488123E3EFCC6F5CB" ID-CoL="485M8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[268,867,2594,2640]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148AB73E3EFAADF5CB" box="[937,1288,2594,2640]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148AB73E3EFAADF5CB" blockId="62.[166,1288,2594,2720]" box="[937,1288,2594,2640]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF6148AB73E3EFAADF5CB" box="[937,1288,2594,2640]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148AB73E3EFAADF5CB" ID-CoL="485M8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[937,1288,2594,2640]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148AB73E3EFAADF5CB" box="[937,1288,2594,2640]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Nyctimene vizcaccia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF61489B93E7EFB3FF504" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF61489B93E7EFB17F5EC" blockId="62.[166,1288,2594,2720]" box="[167,1202,2658,2679]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF61489B93E7EFB17F5EC" box="[167,1202,2658,2679]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF61489B93E7EFF56F5EC" bold="true" box="[167,243,2658,2679]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF61489E33E7EFE61F5EC" ID-CoL="485M8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[253,452,2658,2679]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Nyctiméne d'Umboi</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF61488C43E7EFD91F5EC" bold="true" box="[474,564,2658,2679]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148B203E7EFCC6F5EC" ID-CoL="485M8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[574,867,2658,2679]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Umboi-Réhrennasenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148A673E7EFC71F5EC" bold="true" box="[889,980,2658,2679]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148AC03E7EFB17F5EC" ID-CoL="485M8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[990,1202,2658,2679]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Nyctimeno de Umboi</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF61489B93E96FB3FF504" blockId="62.[166,1288,2594,2720]" box="[167,1178,2698,2719]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFFAF61489B93E96FB3FF504" box="[167,1178,2698,2719]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF61489B93E96FE3BF504" bold="true" box="[167,414,2698,2719]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF61488B73E96FD01F504" ID-CoL="485M8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[425,676,2698,2719]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Bismarck Tube-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148BB03E96FC0EF504" ID-CoL="485M8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[686,939,2698,2719]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Torresian Tube-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFFAF6148AA73E96FB3FF504" ID-CoL="485M8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[953,1178,2698,2719]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Umboi Tube-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148A153ECCFCF0F48F" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148A153ECCFCF0F48F" blockId="62.[779,1377,2768,3191]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148A153ECCFC03F576" bold="true" box="[779,934,2768,2797]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148ADD3ECCFCF5F48F" ID-CoL="485M8" authority="Thomas, 1914" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Nyctimene vizcaccia Thomas, 1914</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148A773EEBFB0EF4A7" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148A773EEBFB0EF4A7" blockId="62.[779,1377,2768,3191]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFFAF6148A773EEBFB02F4A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391371" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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“Ruk [= Umboi] Island,”
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFAF6148DF33EEBFC2DF4A7" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Morobe Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFAF6148A863F3FFB02F4A7" box="[920,1191,2851,2876]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148A123F5AFE2EF217" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148A123F5AFE2EF217" blockId="62.[779,1377,2768,3191]" lastBlockId="62.[167,1375,3198,3468]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148A123F5AFBB8F4F8" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[780,1053,2886,2915]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Nyctimene vizcaccia</taxonomicName>
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1s in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148DFF3F5AFAC4F4F8" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[1249,1377,2886,2915]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventer">albiventer</taxonomicName>
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species group. As currently recognized, it likely includes multiple species and might also include N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148D643FA0FAAEF442" authorityName="C. J. Phillips" authorityYear="1968" box="[1146,1291,3004,3033]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malaitensis">malaitensis</taxonomicName>
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as a subspecies or synonym. Subspecies bougainville has been variously included as a subspecies or a distinct species (including N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148A713846FBA3F3EC" authorityName="C. J. Phillips" authorityYear="1968" box="[879,1030,3162,3191]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malaitensis">malaitensis</taxonomicName>
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), and N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148D953846FB58F3EC" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[1163,1277,3162,3191]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">vizcaccia</taxonomicName>
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would often be included as a synonym or subspecies of N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148A8B3862FBB6F304" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[917,1043,3198,3231]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiventer">albiventer</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148D3B3862FA83F304" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[1061,1318,3198,3231]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Nyctimene vizcaccia</taxonomicName>
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has also been included under N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148B7738B9FD4DF35D" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1767" box="[617,744,3237,3270]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalotes">cephalotes</taxonomicName>
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, but this is no longer accepted.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148DC538B9FEB9F375" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">Nyctimene vizcaccia</taxonomicName>
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includes bougainville as a subspecies tentatively here, although they are likely distinct species. Taxonomy of species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148A5D38E8FC62F28E" authorityName="Borkhausen" authorityYear="1797" box="[835,967,3316,3349]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
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in the
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFAF6148D3038E8FAB9F28E" box="[1070,1308,3316,3349]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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and throughout the overall distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148BCD3900FCFDF2A6" authorityName="Borkhausen" authorityYear="1797" box="[723,856,3356,3389]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nyctimene</taxonomicName>
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is currently jumbled, confused, and requires additional revision (which is currently underway by N. Irwin). Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBB3508F639FE49" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="multiple">
|
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB3508F890FEAE" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" box="[1445,1845,276,309]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBB3508F890FEAE" bold="true" box="[1445,1845,276,309]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB3523F80FFE1F" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148CBB3523F80FFE1F" authority="Thomas, 1914" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="vizcaccia" subSpecies="vizcaccia">N.v.vizcacciaThomas,1914—AdmiraltyIs(Manus)andBismarckArchipelago(NewIreland,NewBritain,andUmboiIs).</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB358EF639FE49" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF6148CBB358EF8D8FE30" authority="Troughton, 1936" authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1936" box="[1445,1917,402,427]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="vizcaccia" subSpecies="bougainville" variety="bougainville">N. v. bougainville Troughton, 1936</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville, Fauro, Choiseul, Kolombangara, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFFAF6148FD035ADF8E5FE49" box="[1742,1856,433,466]" name="Georgia" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Vangunu, Santa Isabel, and Guadalcanal).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBA35C1F9D1FB02" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBA35C1F9D1FB02" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBA35C1F938FE61" bold="true" box="[1444,1693,477,506]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 74-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF6148E9A35C1F7AAFE61" box="[1924,2063,477,506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="11.5" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="59.0" valueMax="115.0" valueMin="3.0">3-115 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail 15-25-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF61481A835C1F6ACFE61" box="[2230,2313,477,506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ear 11-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF614806335C1F65AFE61" box="[2429,2559,477,506]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="5.0">5-16 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot 11-22-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF6148F5E3618F931FDBA" box="[1600,1684,516,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 51-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF6148E543618F868FDBA" box="[1866,1997,516,545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="36.5" valueMax="67.0" valueMin="6.0">6-67 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight 27-5-55-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF61481A93618F746FDBA" box="[2231,2275,516,545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="g" value="5.0">5 g</quantity>
|
||
. Head of the Umboi Tubenosed Fruit Bat is broad, with deep face, broad, bluntly pointed ears, and tubular divergent nostrils. Eyes are large, with amberirises; there are green circlets around eyes, with green lines connecting them to tubular nostrils (only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFFAF614801A366AF6DFFD0C" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[2308,2426,630,663]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nyctimene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vizcaccia">vizcaccia</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Pelage is thick and woolly. Dorsal pelage is mottled brown and gray, with distinctive thin dark blackish mid-dorsal stripe stretching from crown of head (or from between shoulders in some bougainville specimens) to base oftail. Ventral pelage is uniform pale gray-brown. There is yellow spotting on wings and ears (ears sometimes not spotted); wings are dark brown. Second digit of wing has a claw, and wing attaches at second digit of foot. Tail is very short, black, and wrinkled, and narrow uropatagium connects at base and stretches to calcar at ankles. Claws are brown with white tips. Skull and mandible are robust, rostrum is short, zygomatic width is rather large, and distal parts of premaxillae do not project forward below nasal opening. Single lower incisor is completely deciduous,falling out before adulthood; lower molars are broad and rounded in dorsal view; C, replaces incisors and is long and powerful; P,is elongated and longer than P, and P; inner and outer cusps of P, and P’ are nearly completely fused; and M,is subequal in length to P,.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBA3083F6E2FB73" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBA3083F6E2FB73" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBA3083F9B6FB5B" bold="true" box="[1444,1555,1183,1216]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Commonly primary closed-canopy tropical moist forests and rarely secondary forests and plantations from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF61481C830DBF6E1FB73" box="[2262,2372,1223,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="1800.0">1800 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBA30F2F634FA94" box="[1444,2449,1262,1295]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBA30F2F634FA94" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" box="[1444,2449,1262,1295]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBA30F2F90FFA94" bold="true" box="[1444,1706,1262,1295]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bat primarily eats figs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBA310AF652FAC5" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBA310AF652FAC5" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBA310AF98EFAAC" bold="true" box="[1444,1579,1302,1335]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Young Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bats were captured in May-June on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFAF6148303310AF9A1FAC5" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
and pregnant females with single embryos in February on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFAF614805A3121F651FAC5" box="[2372,2548,1341,1374]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBC3179F850FA4E" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBC3179F850FA4E" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBC3179F928FA1D" bold="true" box="[1442,1677,1381,1414]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bats roost in foliage during the day and forage at night. An individual was observed roosting in an understory shrub in primary forest
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFFAF6148CE131A8F9EEFA4E" box="[1535,1611,1460,1493]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1-5 m</quantity>
|
||
aboveground on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFAF6148E5631A8F855FA4E" box="[1864,2032,1460,1493]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBA31C7F9A9F9BF" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBA31C7F9A9F9BF" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBA31C7F7CBFA67" bold="true" box="[1444,2158,1499,1532]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bats are solitary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBB3236F9D6F971" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB3236F9D6F971" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBB3236F8A1F9D0" bold="true" box="[1445,1796,1578,1611]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Umboi Tube-nosed Fruit Bat is relatively widespread and common, butits threats are not well known. It might be threatened by logging because it does not seem to do well in secondary or disturbed habitats. Additional research is needed on its ecology, threats, and taxonomy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFFAF6148CBB32E4F8A9F8A2" pageId="62" pageNumber="120" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFFAF6148CBB32E4F8A9F8A2" blockId="62.[1442,2651,276,1852]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFFAF6148CBB32E4F99BF88A" bold="true" box="[1445,1598,1784,1809]" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bergmans (2001), Bonaccorso (1998), Colgan &
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFFAF614819C32E4F71AF88A" box="[2178,2239,1784,1809]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="62" pageNumber="120">Costa</collectingRegion>
|
||
(2002), Flannery (1995a), Hamilton (2008d), Macaranas etal. (2003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |