226 lines
26 KiB
XML
226 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="B8C5AB0C68924DDF26E6B98C69C539AF" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFF2F61D8CB43E03F859FBD4" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Dobsonia praedatrix K. Andersen 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="26D405525D774EC29EEDBFA2D1C54FDB">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DF4767DBA9CF5DF237A430F73856F430">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="84B93D9AD9DB9B375873754FDEB3504D">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="58F23297AFA428A32F77549A122379A9">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="9903727B432F41E094F21FF167E52F6B" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="62CE07DA428B6F458A8EB21FD7A4D695">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="4681B6D6831CE60CF487ADB5C60BB4F7">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7CBC7FEA8EBCE0EA4CE3FAA3D8BE64E7">
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<mods:title id="EFA3331929E62796B994BFA0AB8F9EE0">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFF2F61D8CB43E03F859FBD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6449008" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379311" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6449008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFF2F61D8CB43E03F859FBD4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFF2F61D8CB43E03F859FBD4" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB43E03FA41F5D6" box="[1450,1508,2591,2637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB43E03FA41F5D6" blockId="54.[1448,2587,2591,2795]" box="[1450,1508,2591,2637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C8CB43E03FA41F5D6" box="[1450,1508,2591,2637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFF2F61C8CB43E03FA41F5D6" box="[1450,1508,2591,2637]" captionStart="Plate 5: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="45.[123,153,3243,3268]" captionTargetBox="[12,2751,17,3662]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="73. Lesser Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus minimus), 74. Greater Long-tongued Blossom Bat (Macroglossus sobrinus), 75. Southern Blossom Bat (Syconycteris australis), 76. Halmaheran Blossom Bat (Syconycteris carolinae), 77. Moss-forest Blossom Bat (Syconycteris hobbit), 78. Manado Fruit Bat (Boneia bidens), 79. Sulawesi Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris celebensis), 80. Philippine Harpy Fruit Bat (Harpyionycteris whitehead), 81. Bulmer’s Fruit Bat (Aproteles bulmerae), 82. Lesser Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia minor), 83. Moluccan Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia moluccensis), 84. Western Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia peronu), 86. Panniet Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia pannietensis), 87. Philippine Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia chapmani), 88. Biak Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia emersa), 89. Sulawesi Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia exoleta), 90. Greenish Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia viridis), 91. Beaufort’s Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia beauforti), 92. Halmahera Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia crenulata), 93. Solomons Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia inermis), 94. New Britain Naked-backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia praedatrix)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448853/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">94.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CEA3E03F74DF5D6" box="[1524,2280,2591,2637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CEA3E03F74DF5D6" blockId="54.[1448,2587,2591,2795]" box="[1524,2280,2591,2637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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||
<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C8CEA3E03F74DF5D6" box="[1524,2280,2591,2637]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C8CEA3E03F74DF5D6" ID-CoL="372KV" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1524,2280,2591,2637]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praedatrix">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C8CEA3E03F94EF5D6" box="[1524,1771,2591,2637]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">New Britain</collectingRegion>
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Naked-backed Fruit Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB63E5BF883F5EE" box="[1448,1830,2631,2677]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB63E5BF883F5EE" blockId="54.[1448,2587,2591,2795]" box="[1448,1830,2631,2677]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C8CB63E5BF883F5EE" box="[1448,1830,2631,2677]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C8CB63E5BF883F5EE" ID-CoL="372KV" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1448,1830,2631,2677]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praedatrix">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB63E5BF883F5EE" box="[1448,1830,2631,2677]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Dobsonia praedatrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C8CB43E9BF6E4F570" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB43E9BF999F55F" blockId="54.[1448,2587,2591,2795]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C8CB43E9BF5BFF507" box="[1450,2586,2695,2716]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB43E9BFA50F507" bold="true" box="[1450,1525,2695,2716]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C8CE13E9BF8E1F507" ID-CoL="372KV" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1535,1860,2695,2716]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praedatrix">
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Roussette de
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C8F923E9BF8E1F507" box="[1676,1860,2695,2716]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Nouvelle-Bretagne</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8E473E9BF811F507" bold="true" box="[1881,1972,2695,2716]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C8EA33E9BF686F507" ID-CoL="372KV" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1981,2339,2695,2716]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praedatrix">Neubritannien-Nacktriickenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C80273E9BF630F507" bold="true" box="[2361,2453,2695,2716]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C80803E9BF5BFF507" ID-CoL="372KV" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[2462,2586,2695,2716]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praedatrix">Dobsonia de</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C8CB43EB3F999F55F" box="[1450,1596,2735,2756]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C8CB43EB3F999F55F" box="[1450,1596,2735,2756]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Nueva Bretana</collectingRegion>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C8CB73ECAF6E4F570" blockId="54.[1448,2587,2591,2795]" box="[1449,2369,2774,2795]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFF2F61C8CB73ECAF6E4F570" box="[1449,2369,2774,2795]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C8CB73ECAF904F570" bold="true" box="[1449,1697,2774,2795]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C8FB53ECAF847F570" ID-CoL="372KV" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[1707,2018,2774,2795]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praedatrix">Bismarck Bare-backed Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFF2F61C8EEE3ECAF6E4F570" ID-CoL="372KV" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[2032,2369,2774,2795]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praedatrix">
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF2F61C8EEE3ECAF7C1F570" box="[2032,2148,2774,2795]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">New Britain</collectingRegion>
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Bare-backed Fruit Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C81103F00F728F4FA" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C81103F00F728F4FA" blockId="54.[2050,2656,2844,3268]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C81103F00F70CF4A2" bold="true" box="[2062,2217,2844,2873]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF2F61C81A73F00F72DF4FA" ID-CoL="372KV" authority="K. Andersen, 1909" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="praedatrix">Dobsonia praedatrix K. Andersen, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C81873F54F645F413" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C81873F54F645F413" blockId="54.[2050,2656,2844,3268]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFF2F61C81873F54F645F413" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391432" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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“Duke of York group,”
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF2F61C80C03F54F719F413" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF2F61C81D23F7BF679F413" box="[2252,2524,2919,2952]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C81103F8FF6DCF42B" box="[2062,2425,2963,2992]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C81103F8FF6DCF42B" blockId="54.[2050,2656,2844,3268]" box="[2062,2425,2963,2992]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61C81103FAAF58AF464" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFF2F61C81103FAAF58AF464" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803774" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803774" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803774/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" startId="54.[2062,2234,2998,3031]" targetBox="[1447,2038,2853,3266]" targetPageId="54">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61C81103FAAF58AF464" blockId="54.[2050,2656,2844,3268]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C81103FAAF71BF44C" bold="true" box="[2062,2238,2998,3031]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF2F61C81C53FAAF584F44C" box="[2267,2593,2998,3031]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
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including Umboi I and nearbyIs groups.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF2F61D81103819FBAEFDBD" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF2F61D81103819FBAEFDBD" blockId="54.[2050,2656,2844,3268]" lastBlockId="55.[115,1325,280,1110]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF2F61C81103819F682F3BD" bold="true" box="[2062,2343,3077,3110]" pageId="54" pageNumber="112">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C833E3819F722F3D5" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.16" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="148.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="116.0">116- 180 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C81C8382DF6CAF3D5" box="[2262,2415,3121,3150]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="21.0">21-37 mm</quantity>
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, car
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C80A1382DF5F2F3D5" box="[2495,2647,3121,3150]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="21.0">21-28 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C81B03841F6F8F3ED" box="[2222,2397,3165,3190]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="33.0" valueMin="22.0">22-33 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 101- -
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C810F3860F728F306" box="[2065,2189,3196,3229]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="mm" value="125.0">125 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF2F61C80073860F614F306" box="[2329,2481,3196,3229]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.005" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="54" pageNumber="112" unit="g" value="200.5" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="141.0">141-260 g</quantity>
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. Pelage on crown ofhead and face of the NewBritain Naked-backed Fruit Bat is blackish brown; shoulders and upper back are paler brown. Ventral fur is pale brown, with yellow-green wash. Greenish color, which fades to a dull gray/tan in museum specimens, is probably attributable to photosynthetic bluegreen algae based on iodine tests that reveal starch-containing globs coating hairs. Wing membranes meet along spine with underlying fur. Ears are long and slender compared with other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF3F61D8B213504FD10FEA2" box="[575,693,280,313]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dobsonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nostrils are slightly tubular, and each flares outward from centerline. Claws are bicolored, brown at bases and paler tan at tips. Index claw (second digit of wing) is absent. Skull has well-developed sagittal and nuchal crests. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF3F61D88073593FE1BFE2B" box="[281,446,399,432]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Bat has exceptionally large pineal organ, which is associated with providing seasonal cues for production of hormones controlling reproductive timing. Upperincisors are unilobed, and molars have weakly developed cusps. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 28 and FN = 68.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF3F61D89683630FBD7FDEF" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF3F61D89683630FBD7FDEF" blockId="55.[115,1325,280,1110]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF3F61D89683630FF40FDD6" bold="true" box="[118,229,556,589]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Lowland primary and secondary tropical moist forests, fruit and coconut plantations, and rural gardens from sea level up to elevations of ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFF3F61D8D0C364FFBCAFDEF" box="[1042,1135,595,628]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF3F61D89683667FB79FC89" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF3F61D89683667FB79FC89" blockId="55.[115,1325,280,1110]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF3F61D89683667FED8FD07" bold="true" box="[118,381,635,668]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF3F61D88D13667FDD1FD07" box="[463,628,635,668]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Batis frugivorous. It can often be found foraging in the same fruiting trees as the much larger Andersen’s Nakedbacked Fruit Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF3F61D887036D2FDB7FD70" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1914" box="[366,530,718,747]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Dobsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anderseni">D. anderseni</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Diet includes native figs (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF3F61D8A9D36D2FC63FD70" box="[899,966,718,747]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF3F61D8ACB36D2FBC7FD70" box="[981,1122,718,747]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), garden fruits such as papaya, plantation grown cashews, and unidentified forest canopy flowers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF3F61D89683705FE42FC4C" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF3F61D89683705FE42FC4C" blockId="55.[115,1325,280,1110]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF3F61D89683705FF59FCA1" bold="true" box="[118,252,793,826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Pregnant
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF3F61D888F3705FD92FCA1" box="[401,567,793,826]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Bats have been observed in January and July at Kerevat,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF3F61D88D7375CFDD6FCFA" box="[457,627,832,865]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
, suggesting two annual birth peaks. July observations of pregnancy on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF3F61D88A7377BFDC2FC13" box="[441,615,871,904]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
|
||
also exist. Dependent young have been observed in January-February at various locations. Nearly full-grown individuals have been observed in January and July.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF3F61D896D37C1FB21FBD5" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF3F61D896D37C1FB21FBD5" blockId="55.[115,1325,280,1110]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF3F61D896D37C1FEC5FC65" bold="true" box="[115,352,989,1022]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF3F61D88B137C1FDF3FC65" box="[431,598,989,1022]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Bat is nocturnal; flight activity begins well after sunset in complete darkness. It commonly roosts in foliage, often coconut plantations among dead palm fronds, and rarely limestone caves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF3F61D8C6C3502F99FFC88" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF3F61D8C6C3502F99FFC88" blockId="55.[1393,2602,286,1105]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF3F61D8C6C3502F7ECFEA0" bold="true" box="[1394,2121,286,315]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Roosting group size tends to be c.10-15 individuals, although solitary individuals are encountered. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF3F61D8061355DF58DFEF9" box="[2431,2600,321,354]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Bat is mainly a foliage-roosting species that responds to commonly encountered ambient daily temperatures (25-27°C) of foliage roosts, having basal metabolic rates and thermal conductance near mass-specific mammalian averages, and by maintaining homeothermy by increasing metabolism to regulate constant body temperature in cool shade temperatures that are slightly below thermoneutral zone. Maintaining alertness with high body temperature while roosting in tree canopies with potential predators including arboreal snakes and aerial raptors is critical to permit instantaneous flight. Although no studies on predation exist, brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) likely prey on
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF3F61D814836BFF75AFD5F" box="[2134,2303,675,708]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Bats because they are known to feed on Marianas Flying Foxes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFF3F61D800C36D7F5B9FD77" authorityName="Desmarest" authorityYear="1822" box="[2322,2588,715,748]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariannus">Pteropus mariannus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of similarsize.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF3F61D8C6D3706F772FB9B" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF3F61D8C6D3706F772FB9B" blockId="55.[1393,2602,286,1105]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF3F61D8C6D3706F976FCA0" bold="true" box="[1395,1747,794,827]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFF3F61D80F23706FA77FCF9" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">New Britain</collectingRegion>
|
||
Naked-backed Fruit Bat has a large and presumably stable population and large distribution occurring on many islands in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFF3F61D8EE43775F68AFC11" box="[2042,2351,873,906]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
|
||
and surrounding region. It tolerates some degree of habitat degradation and is resilient to traditional small-scale agriculture in which small forest patches are maintained by clearing and abandoned gardens are allowed to return to secondary forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFF3F61D8C6D3013F859FBD4" pageId="55" pageNumber="113" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFF3F61D8C6D3013F859FBD4" blockId="55.[1393,2602,286,1105]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFF3F61D8C6D3013F9A9FBB3" bold="true" box="[1395,1548,1039,1064]" pageId="55" pageNumber="113">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bhatnagar et al. (1990), Bonaccorso (1998), Flannery (1995b), Helgen, Bonaccorso & Hamilton (2008), McNab & Bonaccorso (2001), Smith & Hood (1981).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |